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ОС","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fwindows-hooks-services","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002F20.windows-hooks-services",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Системне Програмування C# (Windows) — 07.system-programming-windows","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":380,"icon":132,"path":381,"stem":382,"children":383,"page":59},"Io","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio","01.csharp\u002F08.io",[384,388,392,396,400],{"title":385,"path":386,"stem":387},"8.1.1. Основи роботи з файловою системою","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Ffile-system-basics","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F01.file-system-basics",{"title":389,"path":390,"stem":391},"8.1.2. Потоки (Streams) та Серіалізація Даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fstreams-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F02.streams-serialization",{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395},"8.2.1. JSON Serialization з System.Text.Json","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fjson-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F03.json-serialization",{"title":397,"path":398,"stem":399},"8.2.2. XML Serialization та LINQ to XML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fxml-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F04.xml-serialization",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},"8.2.3. Binary Serialization: MessagePack та Protocol Buffers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fbinary-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F05.binary-serialization",{"title":405,"icon":132,"path":406,"stem":407,"children":408,"page":59},"Ado Net","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net",[409,413,417,421,425,429,433,437,441,445,449,453],{"title":410,"path":411,"stem":412},"9.1. Введення в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fintroduction-to-adonet","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F01.introduction-to-adonet",{"title":414,"path":415,"stem":416},"9.2. Клас DbConnection — з'єднання з базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fconnection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F02.connection",{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},"9.3. Клас DbCommand — виконання SQL-запитів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fcommand-and-queries","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F03.command-and-queries",{"title":422,"path":423,"stem":424},"9.4. Клас DbDataReader — ефективне читання даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdatareader","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F04.datareader",{"title":426,"path":427,"stem":428},"9.5. Параметризовані запити та захист від SQL Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fparameters-and-sql-injection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F05.parameters-and-sql-injection",{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},"9.6. Транзакції в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Ftransactions","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F06.transactions",{"title":434,"path":435,"stem":436},"9.7. DbProviderFactory — провайдер-незалежний код","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fprovider-factory","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F07.provider-factory",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"9.8. Асинхронний доступ до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fasync-data-access","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F08.async-data-access",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"9.9. Від'єднаний режим: DataSet, DataTable, DataRow","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdisconnected-mode-dataset","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F09.disconnected-mode-dataset",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"9.10. DataAdapter — міст між DataSet та базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-adapter","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F10.data-adapter",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"9.11. Data Mapper та Repository: Архітектура доступу до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-mapper-repository","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F11.data-mapper-repository",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"9.12. Identity Map, Unit of Work та Specification Pattern","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fadvanced-patterns","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F12.advanced-patterns",{"title":458,"icon":255,"path":459,"stem":460,"children":461,"page":59},"Ef Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core",[462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,532,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646],{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465},"Що таке ORM? Від SQL до об'єктів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fwhat-is-orm","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F01.what-is-orm",{"title":467,"path":468,"stem":469},"Перший проєкт — від нуля до CRUD","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffirst-project","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F02.first-project",{"title":471,"path":472,"stem":473},"DbContext — Серце EF Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdbcontext-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F03.dbcontext-deep-dive",{"title":475,"path":476,"stem":477},"Провайдери баз даних — Архітектура та Вибір СУБД","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdatabase-providers","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F04.database-providers",{"title":479,"path":480,"stem":481},"Конвенції EF Core — Магія без конфігурації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconventions","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F05.conventions",{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Fluent API та Data Annotations — Явна конфігурація моделі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffluent-api-vs-annotations","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F06.fluent-api-vs-annotations",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Зв'язки — One-to-One та One-to-Many","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-basics","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F07.relationships-basics",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Зв'язки Advanced — Many-to-Many та Складні Сценарії","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-advanced","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F08.relationships-advanced",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Властивості — Типи, Конвертери, Компаратори (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part1",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Властивості — Value Comparers, Generators, Shadow Properties (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part2",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Складні типи — Owned Types та Complex Types (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part1",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Складні типи — Complex Types, Keyless Entities, Порівняння (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part2",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"JSON Columns — Складні дані у JSON (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part1",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"JSON Columns — Value Comparers, Індекси, Провайдери (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part2",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Успадкування — Абстрактні класи та TPH (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part1",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Успадкування — TPT, TPC та Порівняння Стратегій (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part2",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"children":530},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part1",[531],{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535,"children":536},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part2",[537],{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},{"title":539,"path":540,"stem":541},"Seed Data — Початкові Дані (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part1",{"title":543,"path":544,"stem":545},"Seed Data — SQL-скрипти, Bogus та Стратегії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part2",{"title":547,"path":548,"stem":549},"Global Query Filters — Глобальні Фільтри (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part1",{"title":551,"path":552,"stem":553},"Global Query Filters — Підводні камені та Інтеграція (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part2",{"title":555,"path":556,"stem":557},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part1",{"title":559,"path":560,"stem":561},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part2",{"title":563,"path":564,"stem":565},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part1",{"title":567,"path":568,"stem":569},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part2",{"title":571,"path":572,"stem":573},"Raw SQL, Views та Stored Procedures (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part1",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577},"Raw SQL — Stored Procedures, DbFunction та Bulk Operations (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part2",{"title":579,"path":580,"stem":581},"Продвинуті Запити — Compiled Queries, Bulk та Оптимізація (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part1",{"title":583,"path":584,"stem":585},"Продвинуті Запити — Query Tags, Bulk та Interceptors (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part2",{"title":587,"path":588,"stem":589},"Change Tracker — Відстеження Змін (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part1",{"title":591,"path":592,"stem":593},"Change Tracker — Графи Об'єктів та Disconnected (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part2",{"title":595,"path":596,"stem":597},"Збереження Даних та Транзакції (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part1",{"title":599,"path":600,"stem":601},"Збереження Даних — Concurrency та Outbox (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part2",{"title":603,"path":604,"stem":605},"Конкурентність та Блокування (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part1",{"title":607,"path":608,"stem":609},"Конкурентність — Дедлоки та Queue Processing (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part2",{"title":611,"path":612,"stem":613},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part1",{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part2",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part1",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part2",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part1",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part2",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637},"Продуктивність EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fperformance-fundamentals-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F26.performance-fundamentals-part1",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641},"Interceptors в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part1",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645},"Interceptors в EF Core — Connection, Transaction та Materialization (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part2",{"title":647,"path":648,"stem":649},"План вивчення Entity Framework Core — Повний курс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":651,"icon":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655,"page":59},"ASP.NET","i-devicon-dotnetcore","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet",[656,730,791,869,927,941,967,1057,1111,1182,1212,1289,1346],{"title":657,"icon":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"children":661,"page":59},"Minimal API","i-lucide-network","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api",[662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726],{"title":663,"path":664,"stem":665},"Вступ до ASP.NET та еволюція фреймворку","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fintroduction","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F01.introduction",{"title":667,"path":668,"stem":669},"Перший додаток на ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Ffirst-application","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F02.first-application",{"title":671,"path":672,"stem":673},"WebApplication, Builder та Dependency Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fwebapplication-builder","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F03.webapplication-builder",{"title":675,"path":676,"stem":677},"Конвеєр запитів та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frequest-pipeline-middleware","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F04.request-pipeline-middleware",{"title":679,"path":680,"stem":681},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F05.routing-basics",{"title":683,"path":684,"stem":685},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Розширені можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F06.routing-advanced",{"title":687,"path":688,"stem":689},"Статичні файли в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-files","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F07.static-files",{"title":691,"path":692,"stem":693},"Статичні Активи: MapStaticAssets (ASP.NET Core 9.0)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-assets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F08.static-assets",{"title":695,"path":696,"stem":697},"Конфігурація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F09.configuration-fundamentals",{"title":699,"path":700,"stem":701},"Конфігурація: Паттерн Options","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-options","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F10.configuration-options",{"title":703,"path":704,"stem":705},"Логування в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F11.logging-basics",{"title":707,"path":708,"stem":709},"Логування: Serilog та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F12.logging-advanced",{"title":711,"path":712,"stem":713},"Управління станом: HttpContext.Items та Cookies","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstate-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F13.state-management",{"title":715,"path":716,"stem":717},"Стан сесії: Sessions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fsession-state","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F14.session-state",{"title":719,"path":720,"stem":721},"Структура проєкту: від хаосу до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fproject-structure","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F15.project-structure",{"title":723,"path":724,"stem":725},"Scalar у Minimal API: повний проєкт і Fluent OpenAPI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fscalar-openapi-fluent","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F16.scalar-openapi-fluent",{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},"Swagger \u002F Swashbuckle у Minimal API: окремий класичний шлях","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fswagger-swashbuckle","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F17.swagger-swashbuckle",{"title":731,"icon":658,"path":732,"stem":733,"children":734,"page":59},"API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api",[735,739,743,747,751,755,759,763,767,771,775,779,783,787],{"title":736,"path":737,"stem":738},"Що таке API. Клієнт-серверна архітектура","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fwhat-is-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F01.what-is-api",{"title":740,"path":741,"stem":742},"Формати даних: JSON, XML, TOML та бінарні формати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fdata-formats","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F02.data-formats",{"title":744,"path":745,"stem":746},"Парадигми API та концепція REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-paradigms-rest","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F03.api-paradigms-rest",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750},"HTTP-методи, статус-коди та заголовки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fhttp-methods-status-codes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F04.http-methods-status-codes",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754},"Організація HTTP API за принципами REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Frest-organizing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F05.rest-organizing",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758},"Номенклатура URL та CRUD-операції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Furl-nomenclature-crud","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F06.url-nomenclature-crud",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762},"Правила дизайну: іменування та стандарти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-naming","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F07.api-design-naming",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766},"Валідація, ліміти та обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F08.api-design-validation",{"title":768,"path":769,"stem":770},"Обробка помилок у Minimal API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Ferror-handling-http","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F09.error-handling-http",{"title":772,"path":773,"stem":774},"Ідемпотентність та синхронізація стану","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fidempotency-sync","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F10.idempotency-sync",{"title":776,"path":777,"stem":778},"Пагінація та організація списків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fpagination-lists","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F11.pagination-lists",{"title":780,"path":781,"stem":782},"Безпека API, кешування та інтернаціоналізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fsecurity-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F12.security-auth",{"title":784,"path":785,"stem":786},"Процес проєктування API та документування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-process","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F13.api-design-process",{"title":788,"path":789,"stem":790},"OpenAPI: контракт, специфікація та документація API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fopenapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F14.openapi",{"title":792,"icon":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796,"page":59},"Auth","i-lucide-shield-check","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth",[797,801,805,809,813,817,821,825,829,833,837,841,845,849,853,857,861,865],{"title":798,"path":799,"stem":800},"Основи аутентифікації та авторизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauth-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F01.auth-fundamentals",{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804},"JWT-аутентифікація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fjwt-authentication","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F02.jwt-authentication",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808},"Авторизація: ролі, політики та resource-based доступ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauthorization-policies","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F03.authorization-policies",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812},"Cookie-аутентифікація та ASP.NET Core Identity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcookie-auth-identity","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04.cookie-auth-identity",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816},"JWT + Refresh Tokens (HttpOnly Cookie)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820},"Identity: Підтвердження Email та Скидання Пароля","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-email-confirmation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F05.identity-email-confirmation",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824},"Identity: Двофакторна Аутентифікація (2FA)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-two-factor","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F06.identity-two-factor",{"title":826,"path":827,"stem":828},"Identity: Внутрішня Архітектура та Кастомізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-internals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F07.identity-internals",{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},"OAuth 2.0 та зовнішні провайдери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-external-providers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F08.oauth-external-providers",{"title":834,"path":835,"stem":836},"Безпека на практиці: CORS, HTTPS та захист від атак","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fsecurity-hardening","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F09.security-hardening",{"title":838,"path":839,"stem":840},"Теорія OAuth 2.0: Поняття, Аналогії та Флоу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-theory","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oauth-theory",{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"OIDC, OAuth 2.0 та Keycloak в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foidc-keycloak","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oidc-keycloak",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"API Keys аутентифікація в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fapi-keys","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F11.api-keys",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Rate Limiting та Throttling в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frate-limiting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F12.rate-limiting",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Refresh Token Rotation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frefresh-token-rotation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F13.refresh-token-rotation",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},"Certificate Authentication та mTLS в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcertificate-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F14.certificate-auth",{"title":862,"path":863,"stem":864},"RBAC, ABAC та ReBAC в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frbac-abac-rebac","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F15.rbac-abac-rebac",{"title":866,"path":867,"stem":868},"Multi-tenancy та ізоляція даних в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fmulti-tenancy","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F16.multi-tenancy",{"title":870,"icon":871,"path":872,"stem":873,"children":874,"page":59},"Нотифікації","i-lucide-bell","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications",[875,879,883,887,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,923],{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"In-App нотифікації через базу даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fin-app-database-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F01.in-app-database-notifications",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Polling: Регулярний запит оновлень","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fpolling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F02.polling",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},"Server-Sent Events: Однострімовий push від сервера","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fserver-sent-events","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F03.server-sent-events",{"title":888,"path":889,"stem":890},"WebSockets: Двостороннє з'єднання в реальному часі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F04.websockets",{"title":892,"path":893,"stem":894},"SignalR: Абстракція над транспортами реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fsignalr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F05.signalr",{"title":896,"path":897,"stem":898},"Background Services: Фонові задачі в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fbackground-services","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F06.background-services",{"title":900,"path":901,"stem":902},"Web Push нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fweb-push","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F07.web-push",{"title":904,"path":905,"stem":906},"Email нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Femail-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F08.email-notifications",{"title":908,"path":909,"stem":910},"Порівняння підходів: Як вибрати правильну технологію нотифікацій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fchoosing-the-right-approach","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F09.choosing-the-right-approach",{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Hangfire: Надійне планування фонових задач","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F10.hangfire",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Практика: Конвертація зображень у WebP через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-image-webp","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F11.hangfire-image-webp",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Практика: Підготовка відео до HLS-стрімінгу через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-video-hls","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F12.hangfire-video-hls",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Telegram-нотифікації: від одного повідомлення до масових розсилок і мульти-канального підходу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Ftelegram-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F13.telegram-notifications",{"title":928,"icon":929,"path":930,"stem":931,"children":932,"page":59},"Інтернаціоналізація","i-lucide-languages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n",[933,937],{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Інтернаціоналізація (i18n) у Minimal API: від A до Я","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Finternationalization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F01.internationalization",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},"Humanizer: людиномовні рядки у .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Fhumanizer","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F02.humanizer",{"title":942,"icon":943,"path":944,"stem":945,"children":946,"page":59},"Кешування","i-lucide-layers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching",[947,951,955,959,963],{"title":948,"path":949,"stem":950},"Огляд кешування: чотири рівні і коли що обирати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F01.caching",{"title":952,"path":953,"stem":954},"IMemoryCache: кеш в оперативній пам'яті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fmemory-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F02.memory-cache",{"title":956,"path":957,"stem":958},"IDistributedCache і Redis: розподілений кеш","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fdistributed-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F03.distributed-cache",{"title":960,"path":961,"stem":962},"Response Cache: HTTP-кешування через Cache-Control","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fresponse-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F04.response-cache",{"title":964,"path":965,"stem":966},"Output Cache: серверний кеш HTTP-відповідей (.NET 7+)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Foutput-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F05.output-cache",{"title":968,"icon":969,"path":970,"stem":971,"children":972,"page":59},"Тестування","i-lucide-test-tube","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing",[973,977,981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005,1009,1013,1017,1021,1025,1029,1033,1037,1041,1045,1049,1053],{"title":974,"path":975,"stem":976},"Що таке тестування? Від інтуїції до науки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-is-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F01.what-is-testing",{"title":978,"path":979,"stem":980},"Піраміда тестування — Стратегія, а не Догма","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-pyramid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-pyramid",{"title":982,"path":983,"stem":984},"Дві Школи Тестування — Лондон проти Детройту","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-schools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-schools",{"title":986,"path":987,"stem":988},"TDD та BDD — Тести як Дизайн-інструмент","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftdd-and-bdd","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F04.tdd-and-bdd",{"title":990,"path":991,"stem":992},"Що саме тестувати — Техніки аналізу та Циклomatична складність","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-to-test","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F05.what-to-test",{"title":994,"path":995,"stem":996},"Тестові Фреймворки — Навіщо вони і що всередині","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftest-frameworks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F06.test-frameworks",{"title":998,"path":999,"stem":1000},"xUnit — Факти, Теорії та Lifecycle тестів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F07.xunit-basics",{"title":1002,"path":1003,"stem":1004},"xUnit Advanced — Fixtures, Кастомізація та Розширення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F08.xunit-advanced",{"title":1006,"path":1007,"stem":1008},"Moq — Глибоке занурення в мокування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fmocking-with-moq","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F09.mocking-with-moq",{"title":1010,"path":1011,"stem":1012},"Тестування Баз Даних — EF Core, SQLite та Testcontainers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fdatabase-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F10.database-testing",{"title":1014,"path":1015,"stem":1016},"Integration Testing — Частина 1 [Теорія та WebApplicationFactory]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11.integration-testing",{"title":1018,"path":1019,"stem":1020},"Інтеграційне тестування — Практика","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice",{"title":1022,"path":1023,"stem":1024},"Integration Testing — Частина 2 [Просунуті Сценарії та Testcontainers]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F12.integration-testing-advanced",{"title":1026,"path":1027,"stem":1028},"Професійний Postman: Колекції, Змінні та GitHub Інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fpostman-professional","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F13.postman-professional",{"title":1030,"path":1031,"stem":1032},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 1: Архітектура та MockHttpMessageHandler","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fhttpclient-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F14.httpclient-testing",{"title":1034,"path":1035,"stem":1036},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 2: WireMock.Net та Resilience","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwiremock-net","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F15.wiremock-net",{"title":1038,"path":1039,"stem":1040},"Патерни та Анти-патерни Тестування: Test Smells","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-patterns","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F16.testing-patterns",{"title":1042,"path":1043,"stem":1044},"Просунуті інструменти: Time, Snapshots та Властивості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fadvanced-testing-tools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F17.advanced-testing-tools",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},"Тестування Архітектури з NetArchTest","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Farchitecture-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F18.architecture-testing",{"title":1050,"path":1051,"stem":1052},"Тестування Продуктивності: BenchmarkDotNet, NBomber та k6","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fperformance-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F19.performance-testing",{"title":1054,"path":1055,"stem":1056},"Залишок плану для курсу \"Тестування ASP.NET Minimal API\"","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fremaining_plan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002Fremaining_plan",{"title":1058,"icon":1059,"path":1060,"stem":1061,"children":1062,"page":59},"Платежі","i-lucide-credit-card","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments",[1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1064,"path":1065,"stem":1066},"Основи платіжної інфраструктури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F01.payment-fundamentals",{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},"Методи оплати в Україні","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-methods-ukraine","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F02.payment-methods-ukraine",{"title":1072,"path":1073,"stem":1074},"PCI DSS та безпека платежів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpci-dss-security","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F03.pci-dss-security",{"title":1076,"path":1077,"stem":1078},"Архітектура платіжної підсистеми","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-architecture","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F04.payment-architecture",{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"Інтеграція LiqPay (ПриватБанк)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fliqpay-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F05.liqpay-integration",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"Інтеграція Monobank Acquiring API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fmonobank-acquiring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F06.monobank-acquiring",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},"Інтеграція Stripe","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fstripe-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F07.stripe-integration",{"title":1092,"path":1093,"stem":1094},"Webhooks — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fwebhooks-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F08.webhooks-deep-dive",{"title":1096,"path":1097,"stem":1098},"Підписки та рекурентні платежі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fsubscriptions-recurring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F09.subscriptions-recurring",{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"Повернення коштів та диспути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Frefunds-disputes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F10.refunds-disputes",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"Тестування платіжних інтеграцій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Ftesting-payments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F11.testing-payments",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"Чекліст виходу в Production","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fproduction-checklist","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F12.production-checklist",{"title":1112,"icon":1113,"items":1114,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129,"page":59},"Популярні бібліотеки","lucide:box",[1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126],"01.fluent-validation","02.mapster","03.erroror-result-pattern","04.serilog","05.mediatr","06.polly","07.health-checks","08.feature-management","09.fluent-email","10.quest-pdf","11.bogus","12.humanizer-guard","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries",[1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178],{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Валідація з FluentValidation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F01.fluent-validation",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Маппінг об","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmapster","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F02.mapster",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Обробка помилок з ErrorOr та Result Pattern в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ferroror-result-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F03.erroror-result-pattern",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"Структуроване логування з Serilog в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fserilog","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F04.serilog",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"CQRS та Mediator з MediatR в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmediatr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F05.mediatr",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Відмовостійкість з Polly в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fpolly","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F06.polly",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Health Checks в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F07.health-checks",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Feature Management та Feature Flags в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffeature-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F08.feature-management",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Відправка Email з FluentEmail в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-email","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F09.fluent-email",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"Генерація PDF з QuestPDF в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fquest-pdf","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F10.quest-pdf",{"title":1171,"path":1172,"stem":1173},"Генерація тестових даних з Bogus в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fbogus","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F11.bogus",{"title":1175,"path":1176,"stem":1177},"Humanizer та Guard Clauses в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhumanizer-guard","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F12.humanizer-guard",{"title":1179,"path":1180,"stem":1181},"План модуля 10.libraries — Популярні бібліотеки ASP.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002Fplan",{"title":1183,"icon":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186,"children":1187,"page":59},"Razor Pages","i-lucide-layout-template","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages",[1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},"Від Minimal API до Razor Pages: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ffrom-minimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F01.from-minimal-api",{"title":1193,"path":1194,"stem":1195},"PageModel: логіка сторінки Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fpage-model","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F02.page-model",{"title":1197,"path":1198,"stem":1199},"Razor синтаксис: шаблонізатор у .cshtml","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Frazor-syntax","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F03.razor-syntax",{"title":1201,"path":1202,"stem":1203},"Tag Helpers: типізований HTML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ftag-helpers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F04.tag-helpers",{"title":1205,"path":1206,"stem":1207},"Форми і валідація: повний цикл обробки даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fforms-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F05.forms-validation",{"title":1209,"path":1210,"stem":1211},"Практичний проєкт: TaskManager на Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fproject-task-manager","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F06.project-task-manager",{"title":1213,"path":1214,"stem":1215,"children":1216,"page":59},"ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc",[1217,1221,1225,1229,1233,1237,1241,1245,1249,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1218,"path":1219,"stem":1220},"Патерн MVC: архітектура, що змінила веб","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F01.mvc-pattern",{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"Від Razor Pages до MVC: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffrom-razor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F02.from-razor-pages",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"Controllers та Actions: серце MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fcontrollers-actions","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F03.controllers-actions",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"Маршрутизація в MVC: Convention vs Attribute Routing","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Frouting-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F04.routing-mvc",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},"Model Binding: від HTTP до C#","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmodel-binding","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F05.model-binding",{"title":1238,"path":1239,"stem":1240},"Views, ViewData, ViewBag, TempData і ViewModel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fviews-viewdata-tempdata","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F06.views-viewdata-tempdata",{"title":1242,"path":1243,"stem":1244},"Filters: аспектно-орієнтоване програмування в MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffilters","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F07.filters",{"title":1246,"path":1247,"stem":1248},"Areas: структурування великих застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fareas","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F08.areas",{"title":1250,"path":1251,"stem":1252},"View Components: повторювані незалежні блоки UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fview-components","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F09.view-components",{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"Display та Editor Templates","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fdisplay-editor-templates","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F10.display-editor-templates",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"Валідація: IValidatableObject та FluentValidation","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fvalidation-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F11.validation-advanced",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"HTMX: інтерактивність через HTML-атрибути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F12.htmx",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"HTMX у ASP.NET Core MVC: серверна інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fajax-htmx-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F13.ajax-htmx-mvc",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"Практичний проєкт: Каталог товарів з HTMX","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F14.htmx-project",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"Завантаження та обробка файлів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffile-upload","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F15.file-upload",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"Глобалізація та Локалізація MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fglobalization-localization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F16.globalization-localization",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"Підсумковий проєкт: Блог-платформа","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F17.mvc-project",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002Fplan",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293,"page":59},"Web Api","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api",[1294,1298,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342],{"title":1295,"path":1296,"stem":1297},"Від Minimal API до Controller-based API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffrom-minimal-api-to-controllers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F01.from-minimal-api-to-controllers",{"title":1299,"path":1300,"stem":1301},"ControllerBase, ActionResult\u003CT> та Response Types","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontroller-base-actionresult","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F02.controller-base-actionresult",{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"Content Negotiation - JSON, XML та власні форматери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontent-negotiation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F03.content-negotiation",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"Версіонування API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-versioning","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F04.api-versioning",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"ProblemDetails та структурована обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fproblemdetails-error-handling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F05.problemdetails-error-handling",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"Фільтри у Web API контексті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffilters-for-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F06.filters-for-api",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"Пагінація, фільтрація та сортування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fpagination-filtering-sorting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F07.pagination-filtering-sorting",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"HATEOAS та Resource Expansion","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhateoas-resource-expansion","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F08.hateoas-resource-expansion",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"Гібридна архітектура - Minimal API + Controllers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fminimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F09.minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"Документація API - Swashbuckle, NSwag та генерація клієнтів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-documentation-generation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F10.api-documentation-generation",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"Health Checks та моніторинг API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhealth-checks-monitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F11.health-checks-monitoring",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"Підсумковий проєкт - Production-Ready REST API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fweb-api-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F12.web-api-project",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core Web API (Controllers)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002Fplan",{"title":1347,"icon":1348,"path":1349,"stem":1350,"children":1351,"page":59},"Моніторинг","i-lucide-activity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring",[1352,1356,1360],{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"Спостережуваність: від console.log до production-систем","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fobservability-intro","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F01.observability-intro",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"Health Checks: перший рівень observability","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F02.health-checks",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"Вбудовані метрики .NET 10 та System.Diagnostics.Metrics","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fdotnet-metrics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F03.dotnet-metrics",{"title":1365,"icon":1366,"path":1367,"stem":1368,"children":1369,"page":59},"Desktop UI","i-lucide-app-window","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui",[1370,1374,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434,1438,1442,1446,1450,1454,1458,1462,1466,1470,1474,1478,1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506,1510,1514,1518,1522,1526,1530,1534,1538,1542,1546,1550,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574,1578,1582,1586,1590,1594,1598,1602,1606,1610,1614,1618,1622,1626,1630,1634,1638,1642,1646,1650],{"title":1371,"path":1372,"stem":1373},"Що таке десктопна розробка?","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwhat-is-desktop-dev","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F01.what-is-desktop-dev",{"title":1375,"path":1376,"stem":1377},"Архітектура WPF — як влаштований графічний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-architecture","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F02.wpf-architecture",{"title":1379,"path":1380,"stem":1381},"Перший WPF-проєкт — від нуля до вікна","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ffirst-wpf-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03.first-wpf-app",{"title":1383,"path":1384,"stem":1385},"Перший Avalonia-проєкт: WPF для всіх платформ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app",{"title":1387,"path":1388,"stem":1389},"XAML: декларативний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04.xaml-basics",{"title":1391,"path":1392,"stem":1393},"Fluent UI у WPF — сучасний дизайн Windows 11","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui",{"title":1395,"path":1396,"stem":1397},"WPF UI — сучасна бібліотека Fluent контролів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library",{"title":1399,"path":1400,"stem":1401},"HandyControl — велика бібліотека UI контролів для WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library",{"title":1403,"path":1404,"stem":1405},"Простори імен та ресурси XAML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-namespaces-resources","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05.xaml-namespaces-resources",{"title":1407,"path":1408,"stem":1409},"XAML в Avalonia: ключові відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences",{"title":1411,"path":1412,"stem":1413},"Розширення розмітки XAML (Markup Extensions)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-markup-extensions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F06.xaml-markup-extensions",{"title":1415,"path":1416,"stem":1417},"Панелі Layout: StackPanel, WrapPanel, DockPanel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part1",{"title":1419,"path":1420,"stem":1421},"Grid, Canvas, UniformGrid","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part2",{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425},"Просунуті техніки Layout","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F08.layout-advanced",{"title":1427,"path":1428,"stem":1429},"Адаптивний Layout та найкращі практики","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-responsive","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09.layout-responsive",{"title":1431,"path":1432,"stem":1433},"Layout в Avalonia: відмінності та нові можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia",{"title":1435,"path":1436,"stem":1437},"Button, Image, ProgressBar та інші базові контроли","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fbasic-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10.basic-controls",{"title":1439,"path":1440,"stem":1441},"Контроли в Avalonia: відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia",{"title":1443,"path":1444,"stem":1445},"Текстові контроли — TextBlock, TextBox, RichTextBox","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftext-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F11.text-controls",{"title":1447,"path":1448,"stem":1449},"Контроли вибору — CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, ListBox, DatePicker","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fselection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F12.selection-controls",{"title":1451,"path":1452,"stem":1453},"Content Model — GroupBox, Expander, TabControl, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontent-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13.content-controls",{"title":1455,"path":1456,"stem":1457},"UI\u002FUX принципи десктопних застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles",{"title":1459,"path":1460,"stem":1461},"Dependency Properties — Концепція та Value Resolution","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdependency-properties-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14.dependency-properties-part1",{"title":1463,"path":1464,"stem":1465},"Avalonia Property System — StyledProperty та DirectProperty","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system",{"title":1467,"path":1468,"stem":1469},"Attached Properties — Властивості без меж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fattached-properties","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F15.attached-properties",{"title":1471,"path":1472,"stem":1473},"Routed Events — Маршрутизація подій у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Frouted-events","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F16.routed-events",{"title":1475,"path":1476,"stem":1477},"Data Binding — Від Code-Behind до Декларативності","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part1",{"title":1479,"path":1480,"stem":1481},"INotifyPropertyChanged — Живе оновлення UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part2",{"title":1483,"path":1484,"stem":1485},"Compiled Bindings в Avalonia — Безпека на етапі компіляції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings",{"title":1487,"path":1488,"stem":1489},"Просунутий Data Binding — ElementName, RelativeSource, MultiBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F18.data-binding-advanced",{"title":1491,"path":1492,"stem":1493},"Value Converters — Перетворення типів даних у Data Binding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fvalue-converters","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F19.value-converters",{"title":1495,"path":1496,"stem":1497},"Data Templates — Візуалізація об'єктів у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-templates","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F20.data-templates",{"title":1499,"path":1500,"stem":1501},"Collections Binding Part 1 — ObservableCollection та ItemsControl","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part1",{"title":1503,"path":1504,"stem":1505},"Collections Binding Part 2 — ICollectionView, Filtering, Sorting та Virtualization","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part2",{"title":1507,"path":1508,"stem":1509},"MVVM Pattern — Від Spaghetti Code до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F22.mvvm-pattern",{"title":1511,"path":1512,"stem":1513},"ViewModel Implementation — Від BaseViewModel до валідації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-implementation","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F23.viewmodel-implementation",{"title":1515,"path":1516,"stem":1517},"Commands — Від event handlers до декларативних команд","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcommands","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F24.commands",{"title":1519,"path":1520,"stem":1521},"MVVM Toolkit — MVVM без boilerplate через Source Generators","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-toolkit","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F25.mvvm-toolkit",{"title":1523,"path":1524,"stem":1525},"Messenger Pattern — Комунікація між ViewModel без прямих посилань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmessenger-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F26.messenger-pattern",{"title":1527,"path":1528,"stem":1529},"Стилі WPF — CSS для десктопу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fstyles-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27.styles-basics",{"title":1531,"path":1532,"stem":1533},"CSS-like стилі Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling",{"title":1535,"path":1536,"stem":1537},"Control Templates — Частина 1. Концепція та TemplateBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part1",{"title":1539,"path":1540,"stem":1541},"Control Templates — Частина 2. Named Parts та ContentPresenter","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part2",{"title":1543,"path":1544,"stem":1545},"Control Themes в Avalonia — нова ера стилізації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes",{"title":1547,"path":1548,"stem":1549},"Triggers та Visual State Manager у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftriggers-visual-states","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29.triggers-visual-states",{"title":1551,"path":1552,"stem":1553},"Pseudo-classes в Avalonia — замість WPF Triggers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes",{"title":1555,"path":1556,"stem":1557},"Теми та ресурсні словники у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fresources-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30.resources-themes",{"title":1559,"path":1560,"stem":1561},"Avalonia Themes — Fluent Design та система тематизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent",{"title":1563,"path":1564,"stem":1565},"Контроли колекцій — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F31.collection-controls",{"title":1567,"path":1568,"stem":1569},"DataGrid — колонки та базове відображення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part1",{"title":1571,"path":1572,"stem":1573},"DataGrid — сортування, фільтрація, редагування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part2",{"title":1575,"path":1576,"stem":1577},"TreeView та GridView","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftreeview-listview","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F33.treeview-listview",{"title":1579,"path":1580,"stem":1581},"Меню, Toolbar, ContextMenu, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmenus-toolbars","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F34.menus-toolbars",{"title":1583,"path":1584,"stem":1585},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 1: вікна та сторінки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part1",{"title":1587,"path":1588,"stem":1589},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 2: MVVM-навігація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part2",{"title":1591,"path":1592,"stem":1593},"Avalonia — Навігація та діалоги","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs",{"title":1595,"path":1596,"stem":1597},"Діалоги та File Pickers у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdialogs-file-pickers","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F36.dialogs-file-pickers",{"title":1599,"path":1600,"stem":1601},"UserControl: компонентний підхід у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fuser-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F37.user-controls",{"title":1603,"path":1604,"stem":1605},"Custom Controls: Lookless Controls у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcustom-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38.custom-controls",{"title":1607,"path":1608,"stem":1609},"Avalonia TemplatedControl — Lookless Controls","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls",{"title":1611,"path":1612,"stem":1613},"Анімації у WPF: Storyboard та Easing Functions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fanimations-transitions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39.animations-transitions",{"title":1615,"path":1616,"stem":1617},"Анімації в Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations",{"title":1619,"path":1620,"stem":1621},"2D Графіка та Мультимедіа у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmedia-graphics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F40.media-graphics",{"title":1623,"path":1624,"stem":1625},"Dependency Injection у WPF та Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdi-integration","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F41.di-integration",{"title":1627,"path":1628,"stem":1629},"SQLite та EF Core у десктопних додатках","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F42.data-persistence-part1",{"title":1631,"path":1632,"stem":1633},"Repository Pattern та Unit of Work","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F43.data-persistence-part2",{"title":1635,"path":1636,"stem":1637},"Тестування ViewModels","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44.viewmodel-testing",{"title":1639,"path":1640,"stem":1641},"Avalonia Headless Testing — тестування UI без вікон","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing",{"title":1643,"path":1644,"stem":1645},"Кросплатформна розробка з Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-cross-platform","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F45.avalonia-cross-platform",{"title":1647,"path":1648,"stem":1649},"Пакування та розгортання Avalonia додатків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F46.avalonia-packaging-deployment",{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},"Розгортання WPF застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F47.wpf-packaging-deployment",{"title":1655,"icon":658,"path":1656,"stem":1657,"children":1658,"page":59},"Network Programming","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming",[1659,1663,1667,1671,1675,1679,1683,1687,1691,1695,1699],{"title":1660,"path":1661,"stem":1662},"Основи комп'ютерних мереж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ffoundations","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F01.foundations",{"title":1664,"path":1665,"stem":1666},"Модель OSI та стек TCP\u002FIP","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fosi-model","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F02.osi-model",{"title":1668,"path":1669,"stem":1670},"IP-протокол та адресація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fip-addressing","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F03.ip-addressing",{"title":1672,"path":1673,"stem":1674},"UDP — протокол без з'єднання","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F05.udp",{"title":1676,"path":1677,"stem":1678},"UDP Broadcast та Multicast","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp-broadcast-multicast","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F06.udp-broadcast-multicast",{"title":1680,"path":1681,"stem":1682},"HTTP — протокол вебу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07.http-fundamentals",{"title":1684,"path":1685,"stem":1686},"HttpListener — вбудований HTTP-сервер .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002F07a.http-listener","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07a.http-listener",{"title":1688,"path":1689,"stem":1690},"HTTP Advanced — cookies, аутентифікація та HTTPS","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-advanced","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F08.http-advanced",{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},"SMTP та протоколи електронної пошти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fsmtp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F09.smtp",{"title":1696,"path":1697,"stem":1698},"WebSocket — повнодуплексний протокол реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F10.websockets",{"title":1700,"path":1701,"stem":1702},"TLS\u002FSSL — криптографічний захист мережевих з'єднань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ftls-ssl","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F11.tls-ssl",{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706},"C# & .NET: The Ultimate Roadmap","\u002Fcsharp\u002Froadmap","01.csharp\u002Froadmap",{"title":1708,"icon":1709,"path":1710,"stem":1711,"children":1712,"page":59},"C++","i-devicon-cplusplus","\u002Fcpp","02.cpp",[1713,1717,1721,1725,1729,1733,1737,1741,1745,1748,1752,1756,1760,1764,1768,1772,1776,1780,1784,1788,1792,1796,1800,1804,1808,1812,1816,1820,1824,1828,1832,1836,1840,1844,1848,1852,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880,1884,1888,1892,1896,1900,1904,1908],{"title":1714,"path":1715,"stem":1716},"Вступ у програмування та алгоритми","\u002Fcpp\u002Fintro-algorithms","02.cpp\u002F01.intro-algorithms",{"title":1718,"path":1719,"stem":1720},"Code Style: угоди про оформлення коду","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcode-style","02.cpp\u002F02.code-style",{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724},"Середовище розробки та перший проєкт","\u002Fcpp\u002Fide-setup","02.cpp\u002F03.ide-setup",{"title":1726,"path":1727,"stem":1728},"Вивід даних на екран","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-output","02.cpp\u002F04.data-output",{"title":1730,"path":1731,"stem":1732},"Типи даних, змінні та константи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-types-variables","02.cpp\u002F05.data-types-variables",{"title":1734,"path":1735,"stem":1736},"Ввід даних з клавіатури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-input","02.cpp\u002F06.data-input",{"title":1738,"path":1739,"stem":1740},"Оператори, перетворення типів та логічні операції","\u002Fcpp\u002Foperators-type-conversion","02.cpp\u002F07.operators-type-conversion",{"title":1742,"path":1743,"stem":1744},"Цикли","\u002Fcpp\u002Floops","02.cpp\u002F08.loops",{"title":32,"path":1746,"stem":1747},"\u002Fcpp\u002Farrays","02.cpp\u002F09.arrays",{"title":1749,"path":1750,"stem":1751},"Алгоритми сортування та аналіз складності","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsorting","02.cpp\u002F10.sorting",{"title":1753,"path":1754,"stem":1755},"Алгоритми пошуку","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsearching","02.cpp\u002F11.searching",{"title":1757,"path":1758,"stem":1759},"Функції: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-basics","02.cpp\u002F12.functions-basics",{"title":1761,"path":1762,"stem":1763},"Функції: прототипи, область видимості та додаткові можливості","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-scope","02.cpp\u002F13.functions-scope",{"title":1765,"path":1766,"stem":1767},"Функції: перевантаження та шаблони","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-overloading-templates","02.cpp\u002F14.functions-overloading-templates",{"title":1769,"path":1770,"stem":1771},"Вказівники: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-basics","02.cpp\u002F15.pointers-basics",{"title":1773,"path":1774,"stem":1775},"Посилання (References)","\u002Fcpp\u002Freferences","02.cpp\u002F16.references",{"title":1777,"path":1778,"stem":1779},"Вказівники, const і масиви","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-const-arrays","02.cpp\u002F17.pointers-const-arrays",{"title":1781,"path":1782,"stem":1783},"Адресна арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointer-arithmetic","02.cpp\u002F18.pointer-arithmetic",{"title":1785,"path":1786,"stem":1787},"Динамічна пам'ять","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdynamic-memory","02.cpp\u002F19.dynamic-memory",{"title":1789,"path":1790,"stem":1791},"Вказівники типу void","\u002Fcpp\u002Fvoid-pointers","02.cpp\u002F20.void-pointers",{"title":1793,"path":1794,"stem":1795},"Вказівники на вказівники","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-to-pointers","02.cpp\u002F21.pointers-to-pointers",{"title":1797,"path":1798,"stem":1799},"Оператор доступу до членів через вказівник (->)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmember-access-operator","02.cpp\u002F22.member-access-operator",{"title":1801,"path":1802,"stem":1803},"Цикл for-each (Range-based for)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fforeach-loop","02.cpp\u002F23.foreach-loop",{"title":1805,"path":1806,"stem":1807},"Вказівники на функції","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunction-pointers","02.cpp\u002F24.function-pointers",{"title":1809,"path":1810,"stem":1811},"Лямбда-вирази","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambdas","02.cpp\u002F25.lambdas",{"title":1813,"path":1814,"stem":1815},"Лямбда-захоплення","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambda-captures","02.cpp\u002F26.lambda-captures",{"title":1817,"path":1818,"stem":1819},"Еліпсис","\u002Fcpp\u002Fellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27.ellipsis",{"title":1821,"path":1822,"stem":1823},"Безпечні альтернативи еліпсису","\u002Fcpp\u002F27a.ellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27a.ellipsis",{"title":1825,"path":1826,"stem":1827},"Аргументи командного рядка","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcommand-line-arguments","02.cpp\u002F28.command-line-arguments",{"title":1829,"path":1830,"stem":1831},"Перерахування (enum)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum","02.cpp\u002F29.enum",{"title":1833,"path":1834,"stem":1835},"Класи-перерахування (enum class)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum-class","02.cpp\u002F30.enum-class",{"title":1837,"path":1838,"stem":1839},"Псевдоніми типів (typedef і using)","\u002Fcpp\u002Ftype-aliases","02.cpp\u002F31.type-aliases",{"title":1841,"path":1842,"stem":1843},"Системи числення та двійкова арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fnumber-systems","02.cpp\u002F32.number-systems",{"title":1845,"path":1846,"stem":1847},"Структури (struct): агрегування даних","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct","02.cpp\u002F33.struct",{"title":1849,"path":1850,"stem":1851},"Структури у функціях","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-functions","02.cpp\u002F34.struct-functions",{"title":1853,"path":1854,"stem":1855},"Масиви структур і вкладені структури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-arrays","02.cpp\u002F35.struct-arrays",{"title":1857,"path":1858,"stem":1859},"Патерни struct та межі застосування","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-patterns","02.cpp\u002F36.struct-patterns",{"title":1861,"path":1862,"stem":1863},"Символи та таблиця ASCII","\u002Fcpp\u002Fascii-characters","02.cpp\u002F37.ascii-characters",{"title":1865,"path":1866,"stem":1867},"Unicode та кодування UTF","\u002Fcpp\u002Funicode-utf","02.cpp\u002F38.unicode-utf",{"title":1869,"path":1870,"stem":1871},"C-style рядки","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-strings","02.cpp\u002F39.c-strings",{"title":1873,"path":1874,"stem":1875},"Вступ до std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-intro","02.cpp\u002F40.std-string-intro",{"title":1877,"path":1878,"stem":1879},"Довжина, ємність та доступ до символів std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-capacity-access","02.cpp\u002F41.std-string-capacity-access",{"title":1881,"path":1882,"stem":1883},"Модифікація std::string: присвоювання, додавання, вставка, видалення та заміна","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-modification","02.cpp\u002F42.std-string-modification",{"title":1885,"path":1886,"stem":1887},"Пошук у std::string: find, npos та практичні патерни","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-search","02.cpp\u002F43.std-string-search",{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891},"std::string_view: невласницький погляд на рядок без копіювання","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-view","02.cpp\u002F44.std-string-view",{"title":1893,"path":1894,"stem":1895},"Об'єднання (union): один блок пам'яті, кілька інтерпретацій","\u002Fcpp\u002Funion","02.cpp\u002F45.union",{"title":1897,"path":1898,"stem":1899},"Організація коду: файли, препроцесор, простори імен","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmultifile-programs","02.cpp\u002F46.multifile-programs",{"title":1901,"path":1902,"stem":1903},"Робота з файлами: C-стиль (stdio.h)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-style-files","02.cpp\u002F47.c-style-files",{"title":1905,"path":1906,"stem":1907},"Робота з файлами: C++-стиль (fstream)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcpp-style-files","02.cpp\u002F48.cpp-style-files",{"title":1909,"path":1910,"stem":1911},"План навчання: Курс C++ — Продовження (Статті 29–60+)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcurriculum-plan","02.cpp\u002Fcurriculum-plan",{"title":1913,"icon":1914,"path":1915,"stem":1916,"children":1917,"page":59},"JavaScript","i-devicon-javascript","\u002Fjavascript","03.javascript",[1918,1944,1998,2020,2324,2362],{"title":1919,"icon":1920,"path":1921,"stem":1922,"children":1923,"page":59},"Events","i-lucide-mouse-pointer-click","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents","03.javascript\u002F01.events",[1924,1928,1932,1936,1940],{"title":1925,"path":1926,"stem":1927},"Вступ до подій браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fintro","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F01.intro",{"title":1929,"path":1930,"stem":1931},"Бульбашковий механізм (Bubbling) та занурення (Capturing)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fbubbling-capturing","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F02.bubbling-capturing",{"title":1933,"path":1934,"stem":1935},"Делегування подій (Event Delegation)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fdelegate-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F03.delegate-events",{"title":1937,"path":1938,"stem":1939},"Типові дії браузера та preventDefault()","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fprevent-default","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F04.prevent-default",{"title":1941,"path":1942,"stem":1943},"Запуск користувацьких подій (Custom Events)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fcustom-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F05.custom-events",{"title":1945,"icon":1946,"path":1947,"stem":1948,"children":1949,"page":59},"Network","i-lucide-globe","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork","03.javascript\u002F02.network",[1950,1954,1958,1962,1966,1970,1974,1978,1982,1986,1990,1994],{"title":1951,"path":1952,"stem":1953},"Fetch API - Сучасний підхід до HTTP-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F01-fetch-api","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F01-fetch-api",{"title":1955,"path":1956,"stem":1957},"FormData - Робота з формами та файлами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F02-formdata","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F02-formdata",{"title":1959,"path":1960,"stem":1961},"Відстеження прогресу завантаження","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F03-download-progress","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F03-download-progress",{"title":1963,"path":1964,"stem":1965},"Переривання fetch-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F04-abort-requests","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F04-abort-requests",{"title":1967,"path":1968,"stem":1969},"CORS - Запити між різними джерелами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F05-cors","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F05-cors",{"title":1971,"path":1972,"stem":1973},"Fetch API - Повний довідник опцій","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F06-fetch-options","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F06-fetch-options",{"title":1975,"path":1976,"stem":1977},"URL Objects - Робота з посиланнями","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F07-url-objects","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F07-url-objects",{"title":1979,"path":1980,"stem":1981},"XMLHttpRequest - AJAX та низькорівневі запити","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F08-xmlhttprequest","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F08-xmlhttprequest",{"title":1983,"path":1984,"stem":1985},"Відновлюване завантаження файлів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F09-resumable-upload","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F09-resumable-upload",{"title":1987,"path":1988,"stem":1989},"Cookies, document.cookie та світ після \"Cookiepocalypse\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F10-cookies","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F10-cookies",{"title":1991,"path":1992,"stem":1993},"js-cookie: Керування Cookies без Болю","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F11-js-cookie","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F11-js-cookie",{"title":1995,"path":1996,"stem":1997},"Axios: Потужний HTTP-клієнт для JavaScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F12-axios","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F12-axios",{"title":1999,"icon":2000,"path":2001,"stem":2002,"children":2003,"page":59},"Bom","i-lucide-monitor","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom","03.javascript\u002F03.bom",[2004,2008,2012,2016],{"title":2005,"path":2006,"stem":2007},"LocalStorage, SessionStorage та patterns збереження даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F01-localstorage","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F01-localstorage",{"title":2009,"path":2010,"stem":2011},"Location Object - Керування адресою сторінки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F02-location-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F02-location-object",{"title":2013,"path":2014,"stem":2015},"History API - Керування історією браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F03-history-api","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F03-history-api",{"title":2017,"path":2018,"stem":2019},"Navigator Object - Ідентифікація та Можливості Пристрою","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F04-navigator-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F04-navigator-object",{"title":2021,"icon":2022,"path":2023,"stem":2024,"children":2025},"React","i-devicon-react","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002Findex",[2026,2027,2031,2035,2039,2043,2106,2141,2293],{"title":2021,"path":2023,"stem":2024},{"title":2028,"path":2029,"stem":2030},"Робота з Формами в React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F01.react-forms",{"title":2032,"path":2033,"stem":2034},"React Hook Form: Професійна Робота з Формами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form",{"title":2036,"path":2037,"stem":2038},"React Hook Form: Глибоке Розуміння Архітектури та Оптимізації","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form-new","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form-new",{"title":2040,"path":2041,"stem":2042},"Axios та React: Професійна Архітектура Запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fdata-fetching-axios","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F03.data-fetching-axios",{"title":2044,"icon":132,"path":2045,"stem":2046,"children":2047},"Tanstack Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002Findex",[2048,2050,2054,2058,2062,2066,2070,2074,2078,2082,2086,2090,2094,2098,2102],{"title":2049,"path":2045,"stem":2046},"TanStack Query: Майстерність Керування Станом Сервера",{"title":2051,"path":2052,"stem":2053},"Парадигма Server State: Чому useEffect недостатньо","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-state-paradigm","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F01.server-state-paradigm",{"title":2055,"path":2056,"stem":2057},"Встановлення та Налаштування: Фундамент","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Finstallation-and-devtools","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F02.installation-and-devtools",{"title":2059,"path":2060,"stem":2061},"Основи Запитів та Магія Ключів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fquery-basics-and-keys","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F03.query-basics-and-keys",{"title":2063,"path":2064,"stem":2065},"Синхронізація Даних: Життєвий Цикл Запиту","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fdata-synchronization","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F04.data-synchronization",{"title":2067,"path":2068,"stem":2069},"Мутації та Інвалідація: Зміна Даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fmutations-and-invalidation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F05.mutations-and-invalidation",{"title":2071,"path":2072,"stem":2073},"Оптимістичні Оновлення: Швидше за Світло","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2075,"path":2076,"stem":2077},"Пагінація та Infinite Scroll","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fpagination-and-load-more","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F07.pagination-and-load-more",{"title":2079,"path":2080,"stem":2081},"Просунуті Патерни та Оптимізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F08.advanced-patterns",{"title":2083,"path":2084,"stem":2085},"Архітектура та Best Practices","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Farchitecture-and-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F09.architecture-and-best-practices",{"title":2087,"path":2088,"stem":2089},"Server-Side Rendering (SSR) та Гідратація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-side-rendering","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F10.server-side-rendering",{"title":2091,"path":2092,"stem":2093},"Стратегії Тестування","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Ftesting-strategies","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F11.testing-strategies",{"title":2095,"path":2096,"stem":2097},"Аутентифікація та Обробка Помилок","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fauthentication-and-errors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F12.authentication-and-errors",{"title":2099,"path":2100,"stem":2101},"React Suspense та Майбутнє","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Freact-suspense","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F13.react-suspense",{"title":2103,"path":2104,"stem":2105},"Глибоке Занурення в Продуктивність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fperformance-deep-dive","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F14.performance-deep-dive",{"title":2107,"icon":2022,"path":2108,"stem":2109,"children":2110},"React Router","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002Findex",[2111,2113,2117,2121,2125,2129,2133,2137],{"title":2112,"path":2108,"stem":2109},"React Router: Навігаційна система сучасного вебу",{"title":2114,"path":2115,"stem":2116},"Налаштування та Базовий Роутинг","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fsetup-and-basic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F01.setup-and-basic-routing",{"title":2118,"path":2119,"stem":2120},"Динамічна Навігація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnavigation-and-links","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F02.navigation-and-links",{"title":2122,"path":2123,"stem":2124},"Вкладені Маршрути та Макети","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnested-routes-and-layouts","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F03.nested-routes-and-layouts",{"title":2126,"path":2127,"stem":2128},"Динамічні Маршрути та Параметри","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdynamic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F04.dynamic-routing",{"title":2130,"path":2131,"stem":2132},"Data APIs: Loaders та Actions","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdata-loading","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F05.data-loading",{"title":2134,"path":2135,"stem":2136},"Просунуті Патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F06.advanced-patterns",{"title":2138,"path":2139,"stem":2140},"Legacy Routing: Компонентний підхід","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Flegacy-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F07.legacy-routing",{"title":2142,"icon":132,"path":2143,"stem":2144,"children":2145},"Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002Findex",[2146,2148,2164,2193,2202,2223,2239,2268],{"title":2147,"path":2143,"stem":2144},"Redux: Еволюція управління станом",{"title":14,"icon":15,"path":2149,"stem":2150,"children":2151,"page":59},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals",[2152,2156,2160],{"title":2153,"path":2154,"stem":2155},"Вступ до State Management","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fintro-state-management","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F01.intro-state-management",{"title":2157,"path":2158,"stem":2159},"Філософія Redux та Три Принципи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fredux-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F02.redux-philosophy",{"title":2161,"path":2162,"stem":2163},"Чисті функції та Іммутабельність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fpure-functions-immutability","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F03.pure-functions-immutability",{"title":2165,"icon":132,"path":2166,"stem":2167,"children":2168,"page":59},"Classic Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux",[2169,2173,2177,2181,2185,2189],{"title":2170,"path":2171,"stem":2172},"Створення Store (Classic Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fstore-setup","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F01.store-setup",{"title":2174,"path":2175,"stem":2176},"Actions, Constants та Action Creators","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Factions-constants","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F02.actions-constants",{"title":2178,"path":2179,"stem":2180},"Логіка Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F03.reducers",{"title":2182,"path":2183,"stem":2184},"Комбінування Reducers (Root Reducer)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fdata-flow","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F04.data-flow",{"title":2186,"path":2187,"stem":2188},"Підключення до React (React-Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freact-redux-connection","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F05.react-redux-connection",{"title":2190,"path":2191,"stem":2192},"Middleware та Асинхронність (Redux Thunk)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fmiddleware-thunk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F06.middleware-thunk",{"title":2194,"icon":132,"path":2195,"stem":2196,"children":2197,"page":59},"Transition To Rtk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk",[2198],{"title":2199,"path":2200,"stem":2201},"Проблеми класичного Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk\u002Fproblems-with-classic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk\u002F01.problems-with-classic",{"title":2203,"icon":132,"path":2204,"stem":2205,"children":2206,"page":59},"Redux Toolkit","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit",[2207,2211,2215,2219],{"title":2208,"path":2209,"stem":2210},"Налаштування Store з configureStore","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fconfigure-store","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F01.configure-store",{"title":2212,"path":2213,"stem":2214},"createSlice: Революція в Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fcreate-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F02.create-slice",{"title":2216,"path":2217,"stem":2218},"Асинхронність з createAsyncThunk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fasync-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F03.async-thunks",{"title":2220,"path":2221,"stem":2222},"04. Entity Adapter: Керування нормалізованим станом","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fentity-adapter","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F04.entity-adapter",{"title":2224,"icon":92,"path":2225,"stem":2226,"children":2227,"page":59},"Advanced","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced",[2228,2232,2236],{"title":2229,"path":2230,"stem":2231},"Мемоізація та Селектори: Повний Гайд по Reselect","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Fselectors-reselect","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F01.selectors-reselect",{"title":2233,"path":2234,"stem":2235},"RTK Query: Архітектура Серверного Кешу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Frtk-query-intro","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F02.rtk-query-intro",{"title":2083,"path":2237,"stem":2238},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Farchitecture-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F03.architecture-best-practices",{"title":2240,"icon":132,"path":2241,"stem":2242,"children":2243,"page":59},"Project Kanban","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban",[2244,2248,2252,2256,2260,2264],{"title":2245,"path":2246,"stem":2247},"Проєкт: Kanban Board (Trello Clone)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fproject-overview","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F01.project-overview",{"title":2249,"path":2250,"stem":2251},"Налаштування та Типізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fsetup-and-types","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F02.setup-and-types",{"title":2253,"path":2254,"stem":2255},"Board Slice: Серце Дошки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fboard-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F03.board-slice",{"title":2257,"path":2258,"stem":2259},"Логіка Drag & Drop","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fdrag-and-drop-logic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F04.drag-and-drop-logic",{"title":2261,"path":2262,"stem":2263},"Інтеграція з RTK Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Frtk-query-integration","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F05.rtk-query-integration",{"title":2265,"path":2266,"stem":2267},"Optimistic Updates","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2269,"icon":132,"path":2270,"stem":2271,"children":2272,"page":59},"Testing","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing",[2273,2277,2281,2285,2289],{"title":2274,"path":2275,"stem":2276},"Тестування Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Fintro-testing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F01.intro-testing",{"title":2278,"path":2279,"stem":2280},"Тестування Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-reducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-reducers",{"title":2282,"path":2283,"stem":2284},"Тестування Селекторів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-selectors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-selectors",{"title":2286,"path":2287,"stem":2288},"Тестування Компонентів (Integration)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-components","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F04.testing-components",{"title":2290,"path":2291,"stem":2292},"Тестування Async Thunks","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F05.testing-thunks",{"title":2294,"icon":132,"path":2295,"stem":2296,"children":2297},"Ui Libraries","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002Findex",[2298,2300,2304,2308,2312,2316,2320],{"title":2299,"path":2295,"stem":2296},"UI Бібліотеки в React",{"title":2301,"path":2302,"stem":2303},"Вступ до UI Бібліотек: Навіщо Винаходити Велосипед Двічі?","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fintroduction-to-ui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F01.introduction-to-ui-libraries",{"title":2305,"path":2306,"stem":2307},"Філософія shadcn\u002Fui: \"Not a Component Library\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F02.shadcn-philosophy",{"title":2309,"path":2310,"stem":2311},"Установка та Налаштування shadcn\u002Fui","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-installation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F03.shadcn-installation",{"title":2313,"path":2314,"stem":2315},"Базові Компоненти shadcn\u002Fui: Фундамент Інтерфейсу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-basics","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F04.shadcn-components-basics",{"title":2317,"path":2318,"stem":2319},"Компоненти Форм: Побудова Інтерактивних Form","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F05.shadcn-components-forms",{"title":2321,"path":2322,"stem":2323},"Складні Компоненти: Dialog, Dropdown, Table та Command","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-advanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F06.shadcn-components-advanced",{"title":2325,"icon":2326,"path":2327,"stem":2328,"children":2329,"page":59},"TypeScript","i-devicon-typescript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript",[2330,2334,2338,2342,2346,2350,2354,2358],{"title":2331,"path":2332,"stem":2333},"TypeScript: Броня для вашого коду","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fintro-and-basic-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F01.intro-and-basic-types",{"title":2335,"path":2336,"stem":2337},"Майстерність Моделювання Даних: Інтерфейси та Просунуті Типи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Finterfaces-and-advanced-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F02.interfaces-and-advanced-types",{"title":2339,"path":2340,"stem":2341},"Алхімія Типів: Generics та Utility Types","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fgenerics-and-utilities","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F03.generics-and-utilities",{"title":2343,"path":2344,"stem":2345},"Архітектура та Шаблони: Класи в TypeScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fclasses-and-oop","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F04.classes-and-oop",{"title":2347,"path":2348,"stem":2349},"Продакшн та Екосистема: Advanced Config & Workflow","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fadvanced-patterns-and-config","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F05.advanced-patterns-and-config",{"title":2351,"path":2352,"stem":2353},"TypeScript у світі React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-basics","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F06.react-basics",{"title":2355,"path":2356,"stem":2357},"React + TypeScript: Продвинуті патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-advanced","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F07.react-advanced",{"title":2359,"path":2360,"stem":2361},"React + TypeScript: Екосистема та бібліотеки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-ecosystem","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F08.react-ecosystem",{"title":2363,"path":2364,"stem":2365},"Atomic Design","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fatomic-design","03.javascript\u002F2.atomic-design",{"title":2367,"icon":2368,"path":2369,"stem":2370,"children":2371,"page":59},"Java","i-devicon-java","\u002Fjava","04.java",[2372,2375,2378,2382,2386,2390,2394],{"title":162,"path":2373,"stem":2374},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part1","04.java\u002F01.data-mapper-part1",{"title":166,"path":2376,"stem":2377},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part2","04.java\u002F02.data-mapper-part2",{"title":2379,"path":2380,"stem":2381},"Service Layer: Організація бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fservice-layer","04.java\u002F03.service-layer",{"title":2383,"path":2384,"stem":2385},"Rich Domain Model та State Pattern","\u002Fjava\u002Frich-domain-model","04.java\u002F04.rich-domain-model",{"title":2387,"path":2388,"stem":2389},"Патерни для складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fbusiness-logic-patterns","04.java\u002F05.business-logic-patterns",{"title":2391,"path":2392,"stem":2393},"Обробка помилок та валідація","\u002Fjava\u002Ferror-handling-validation","04.java\u002F06.error-handling-validation",{"title":2395,"path":2396,"stem":2397,"children":2398,"page":59},"Проектування баз даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2","04.java\u002Fpr2",[2399,2403,2407,2411,2415,2419,2423,2427,2431,2435,2439,2443,2447,2451,2455,2459,2463,2467,2471,2475,2479,2483,2487,2491,2495,2499,2503,2507,2511,2515,2519,2523,2527,2531,2535,2539,2543],{"title":2400,"path":2401,"stem":2402},"Концептуальне моделювання: Мистецтво розуміння предметної області","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconceptual-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F01.conceptual-modeling",{"title":2404,"path":2405,"stem":2406},"Логічне моделювання: Від бізнес-ідей до структур даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Flogical-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F02.logical-modeling",{"title":2408,"path":2409,"stem":2410},"Нормалізація: Гігієна даних та боротьба з аномаліями","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fnormalization","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F03.normalization",{"title":2412,"path":2413,"stem":2414},"Фізична схема: Від абстракції до DDL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fphysical-schema","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F04.physical-schema",{"title":2416,"path":2417,"stem":2418},"Архітектурна класифікація таблиць","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-classification","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2420,"path":2421,"stem":2422},"Database Migrations: Версіонування схеми з Flyway","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdatabase-migrations","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F06.database-migrations",{"title":2424,"path":2425,"stem":2426},"А що, якби це була не реляційна БД?","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fbeyond-relational","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F07.beyond-relational",{"title":2428,"path":2429,"stem":2430},"Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch: Два світи, що не хочуть дружити","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fimpedance-mismatch","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F09.impedance-mismatch",{"title":2432,"path":2433,"stem":2434},"JDBC: Перший контакт із базою даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjdbc-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10.jdbc-fundamentals",{"title":2436,"path":2437,"stem":2438},"Якість коду: Spotless, SpotBugs та SonarQube","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality",{"title":2440,"path":2441,"stem":2442},"Connection Pool: Патерн Object Pool для JDBC-з'єднань","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconnection-pool","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F11.connection-pool",{"title":2444,"path":2445,"stem":2446},"Row Data Gateway: Об'єкт як обгортка рядка таблиці","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frow-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F12.row-data-gateway",{"title":2448,"path":2449,"stem":2450},"Table Data Gateway: Фасад таблиці як архітектурний відступ","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F13.table-data-gateway",{"title":2452,"path":2453,"stem":2454},"Repository + Data Mapper: Правильна шарова архітектура з JDBC","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frepository-data-mapper","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F14.repository-data-mapper",{"title":2456,"path":2457,"stem":2458},"Identity Map: Кешування сутностей у рамках сесії","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fidentity-map","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F15.identity-map",{"title":2460,"path":2461,"stem":2462},"Unit of Work: Відстеження змін і координація JDBC-транзакцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Funit-of-work","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F16.unit-of-work",{"title":2464,"path":2465,"stem":2466},"Strategy: Замінювані SQL-стратегії для підтримки різних СУБД","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fstrategy-sql","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F17.strategy-sql",{"title":2468,"path":2469,"stem":2470},"Proxy: Lazy Loading для One-To-Many колекцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fproxy-lazy-loading","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F18.proxy-lazy-loading",{"title":2472,"path":2473,"stem":2474},"Generic Repository через Java Reflection: анотації та динамічний SQL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fgeneric-repository-reflection","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F19.generic-repository-reflection",{"title":2476,"path":2477,"stem":2478},"Specification Pattern: Композиція бізнес-правил для складних запитів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fspecification-pattern","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20.specification-pattern",{"title":2480,"path":2481,"stem":2482},"Розширені можливості Specification Pattern: підзапити, агрегації та гібридний підхід","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications",{"title":2484,"path":2485,"stem":2486},"Асинхронність у JDBC: Від блокуючих викликів до CompletableFuture","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fasynchronous-jdbc","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F21.asynchronous-jdbc",{"title":2488,"path":2489,"stem":2490},"Інтеграційне тестування JDBC-репозиторіїв: Embedded H2 та патерн AAA","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-h2","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F22.integration-testing-h2",{"title":2492,"path":2493,"stem":2494},"Testcontainers: Тестування з реальною PostgreSQL у Docker-контейнерах","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-testcontainers","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F23.integration-testing-testcontainers",{"title":2496,"path":2497,"stem":2498},"Google Guice: Впровадження залежностей у JavaFX-проєкті","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdependency-injection-guice","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F24.dependency-injection-guice",{"title":2500,"path":2501,"stem":2502},"JavaFX: Основи побудови графічних інтерфейсів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F25.javafx-fundamentals",{"title":2504,"path":2505,"stem":2506},"Properties та Bindings: Реактивність у JavaFX","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-properties-bindings","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F26.javafx-properties-bindings",{"title":2508,"path":2509,"stem":2510},"MVC vs MVP vs MVVM: Еволюція архітектурних патернів UI","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fui-architecture-patterns","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F27.ui-architecture-patterns",{"title":2512,"path":2513,"stem":2514},"MVVM на практиці: Побудова ViewModel","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-viewmodel-implementation","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F28.mvvm-viewmodel-implementation",{"title":2516,"path":2517,"stem":2518},"View та Controller: Зв'язування з ViewModel через FXML","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-view-controller","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F29.mvvm-view-controller",{"title":2520,"path":2521,"stem":2522},"Інтеграція MVVM з Guice: Автоматична ін'єкція залежностей","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-guice-integration","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F30.mvvm-guice-integration",{"title":2524,"path":2525,"stem":2526},"Валідація та обробка помилок у MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-validation-error-handling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F31.mvvm-validation-error-handling",{"title":2528,"path":2529,"stem":2530},"Навігація та управління екранами у JavaFX MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-navigation-screen-management","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F32.mvvm-navigation-screen-management",{"title":2532,"path":2533,"stem":2534},"Тестування JavaFX MVVM-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-testing","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F33.mvvm-testing",{"title":2536,"path":2537,"stem":2538},"Стилізація та теми у JavaFX: CSS та User Experience","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-styling-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F34.javafx-styling-themes",{"title":2540,"path":2541,"stem":2542},"AtlantaFX: Сучасні теми для JavaFX додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fatlantafx-modern-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F35.atlantafx-modern-themes",{"title":2544,"path":2545,"stem":2546},"Пакування та розповсюдження JavaFX-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjar-packaging-distribution","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F36.jar-packaging-distribution",{"title":2548,"icon":2549,"path":2550,"stem":2551,"children":2552,"page":59},"Python","i-devicon-python","\u002Fpython","05.python",[2553,2557,2560,2564,2568,2572,2576,2580,2584,2588,2592,2596,2600,2604,2608,2669],{"title":2554,"path":2555,"stem":2556},"Модулі, Пакети та Віртуальні Середовища","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodules-packages-venv","05.python\u002F00.modules-packages-venv",{"title":71,"path":2558,"stem":2559},"\u002Fpython\u002Fclasses-objects","05.python\u002F01.classes-objects",{"title":2561,"path":2562,"stem":2563},"Інкапсуляція, Керування Доступом та Властивості","\u002Fpython\u002Fencapsulation","05.python\u002F02.encapsulation",{"title":2565,"path":2566,"stem":2567},"Наслідування, MRO та суперсила super()","\u002Fpython\u002Finheritance-mro","05.python\u002F03.inheritance-mro",{"title":2569,"path":2570,"stem":2571},"Абстракція — ABC проти Статичних Протоколів (PEP 544)","\u002Fpython\u002Fabstraction-protocols","05.python\u002F04.abstraction-protocols",{"title":2573,"path":2574,"stem":2575},"Магічні методи (Dunder) та Емуляція протоколів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdunder-methods","05.python\u002F05.dunder-methods",{"title":2577,"path":2578,"stem":2579},"Декоратори та Керування життєвим циклом методів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdecorators-static-class","05.python\u002F06.decorators-static-class",{"title":2581,"path":2582,"stem":2583},"Дескриптори — Магія доступу до атрибутів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdescriptors","05.python\u002F07.descriptors",{"title":2585,"path":2586,"stem":2587},"Метакласи — Динамічне створення класів під капотом CPython","\u002Fpython\u002Fmetaclasses","05.python\u002F08.metaclasses",{"title":2589,"path":2590,"stem":2591},"Dataclasses, NamedTuple та сучасні контейнери Python","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodern-containers","05.python\u002F09.modern-containers",{"title":2593,"path":2594,"stem":2595},"GIL та модель конкурентності CPython — фундамент перед потоками і процесами","\u002Fpython\u002Fgil-concurrency-intro","05.python\u002F11.gil-concurrency-intro",{"title":2597,"path":2598,"stem":2599},"Threading — конкурентність для I\u002FO-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fthreading","05.python\u002F12.threading",{"title":2601,"path":2602,"stem":2603},"Multiprocessing — справжній паралелізм для CPU-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fmultiprocessing","05.python\u002F13.multiprocessing",{"title":2605,"path":2606,"stem":2607},"asyncio — кооперативна конкурентність та event loop","\u002Fpython\u002Fasyncio","05.python\u002F14.asyncio",{"title":2609,"icon":92,"path":2610,"stem":2611,"children":2612,"page":59},"FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi","05.python\u002Ffastapi",[2613,2617,2621,2625,2629,2633,2637,2641,2645,2649,2653,2657,2661,2665],{"title":2614,"path":2615,"stem":2616},"Глибокий Typing та Pydantic v2 — від анотацій до валідації","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ftyping-pydantic","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F15.typing-pydantic",{"title":2618,"path":2619,"stem":2620},"WSGI, ASGI та Python Web-екосистема","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fwsgi-asgi-ecosystem","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F16.wsgi-asgi-ecosystem",{"title":2622,"path":2623,"stem":2624},"FastAPI: Перший додаток, Uvicorn та OpenAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-intro","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F17.fastapi-intro",{"title":2626,"path":2627,"stem":2628},"Маршрутизація, параметри запитів та APIRouter","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-routing-params","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F18.fastapi-routing-params",{"title":2630,"path":2631,"stem":2632},"Pydantic v2 у FastAPI — схеми, валідація та серіалізація","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-pydantic-schemas","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F19.fastapi-pydantic-schemas",{"title":2634,"path":2635,"stem":2636},"Dependency Injection — серце архітектури FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-dependency-injection","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F20.fastapi-dependency-injection",{"title":2638,"path":2639,"stem":2640},"Обробка помилок, Middleware та CORS у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-errors-middleware","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F21.fastapi-errors-middleware",{"title":2642,"path":2643,"stem":2644},"SQLAlchemy 2.0 — ORM, Core та Async Engine","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fsqlalchemy-orm","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F22.sqlalchemy-orm",{"title":2646,"path":2647,"stem":2648},"Alembic — міграції бази даних","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Falembic-migrations","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F23.alembic-migrations",{"title":2650,"path":2651,"stem":2652},"Repository Pattern та Clean Architecture у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-repository-clean-arch","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F24.fastapi-repository-clean-arch",{"title":2654,"path":2655,"stem":2656},"Автентифікація та авторизація — JWT, OAuth2, RBAC","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-auth-security","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F25.fastapi-auth-security",{"title":2658,"path":2659,"stem":2660},"Тестування FastAPI — pytest, httpx, fixtures","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-testing","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F26.fastapi-testing",{"title":2662,"path":2663,"stem":2664},"Async на повну — Background Tasks, WebSockets, SSE та Celery","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-async-advanced","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F27.fastapi-async-advanced",{"title":2666,"path":2667,"stem":2668},"Deployment — Docker, CI\u002FCD, Monitoring","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-deployment","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F28.fastapi-deployment",{"title":2670,"path":2671,"stem":2672},"[object Object]","\u002Fpython\u002Foop-plan","05.python\u002Foop-plan",{"title":2674,"icon":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677,"children":2678,"page":59},"Бази даних","i-lucide-database","\u002Fdatabases","06.databases",[2679,2709,2732,2769,2798,2816,2850,2862,2871],{"title":2680,"icon":2681,"path":2682,"stem":2683,"children":2684,"page":59},"Intro","i-lucide-play","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro","06.databases\u002F01.intro",[2685,2689,2693,2697,2701,2705],{"title":2686,"path":2687,"stem":2688},"Введення в теорію баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fintroduction-to-databases","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F01.introduction-to-databases",{"title":2690,"path":2691,"stem":2692},"Реляційна модель даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Frelational-model-theory","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F02.relational-model-theory",{"title":2694,"path":2695,"stem":2696},"ER-моделювання","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fer-modeling","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F03.er-modeling",{"title":2698,"path":2699,"stem":2700},"Логічне проектування БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Flogical-schema","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F04.logical-schema",{"title":2702,"path":2703,"stem":2704},"Класифікація таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Ftable-classification","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2706,"path":2707,"stem":2708},"PlantUML для баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fplantuml-diagrams","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F06.plantuml-diagrams",{"title":2710,"icon":2675,"path":2711,"stem":2712,"children":2713,"page":59},"MS SQL Server Start","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start",[2714,2718,2724,2728],{"title":2715,"path":2716,"stem":2717},"Типи даних у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fdata-types","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F01.data-types",{"title":2719,"path":2720,"stem":2721,"children":2722},"Індекси у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-indexes","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F02.sql-indexes",[2723],{"title":2719,"path":2720,"stem":2721},{"title":2725,"path":2726,"stem":2727},"Системні бази даних MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsystem-databases","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F03.system-databases",{"title":2729,"path":2730,"stem":2731},"Огляд мови SQL та запитів","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-queries-overview","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F04.sql-queries-overview",{"title":2733,"icon":2675,"path":2734,"stem":2735,"children":2736,"page":59},"SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql","06.databases\u002F03.sql",[2737,2741,2745,2749,2753,2757,2761,2765],{"title":2738,"path":2739,"stem":2740},"Налаштування демонстраційної бази даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fsample-database-setup","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F00.sample-database-setup",{"title":2742,"path":2743,"stem":2744},"DDL - Створення таблиць (CREATE TABLE)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-create-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F01.ddl-create-table",{"title":2746,"path":2747,"stem":2748},"DDL - Зміна та видалення таблиць (ALTER, DROP)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-alter-drop-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F02.ddl-alter-drop-table",{"title":2750,"path":2751,"stem":2752},"SELECT запити - Основи","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-fundamentals","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F03.select-queries-fundamentals",{"title":2754,"path":2755,"stem":2756},"SELECT запити - Розширені можливості","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-advanced","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F04.select-queries-advanced",{"title":2758,"path":2759,"stem":2760},"INSERT запити - Додавання даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Finsert-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F05.insert-queries",{"title":2762,"path":2763,"stem":2764},"UPDATE та DELETE запити","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fupdate-delete-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F06.update-delete-queries",{"title":2766,"path":2767,"stem":2768},"Транзакції в SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F07.transactions",{"title":2770,"icon":2675,"path":2771,"stem":2772,"children":2773,"page":59},"Multi Table Databases","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases",[2774,2778,2782,2786,2790,2794],{"title":2775,"path":2776,"stem":2777},"Зв'язки та нормалізація БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Frelationships-and-normalization","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F00.relationships-and-normalization",{"title":2779,"path":2780,"stem":2781},"INNER JOIN - З'єднання таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Finner-join","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F01.inner-join",{"title":2783,"path":2784,"stem":2785},"OUTER JOINs - LEFT, RIGHT, FULL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fouter-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F02.outer-joins",{"title":2787,"path":2788,"stem":2789},"CROSS та SELF JOINs","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fcross-self-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F03.cross-self-joins",{"title":2791,"path":2792,"stem":2793},"Підзапити (Subqueries)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fsubqueries","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F04.subqueries",{"title":2795,"path":2796,"stem":2797},"Агрегації з JOIN","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Faggregations-with-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F05.aggregations-with-joins",{"title":2799,"icon":2800,"path":2801,"stem":2802,"children":2803,"page":59},"Aggregate Functions","i-lucide-calculator","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions",[2804,2808,2812],{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},"Функції агрегування в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fintroduction-aggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F01.introduction-aggregate-functions",{"title":2809,"path":2810,"stem":2811},"Групування даних в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fgrouping-data","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F02.grouping-data",{"title":2813,"path":2814,"stem":2815},"Підзапити з агрегатними функціями","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fsubqueries-aggregates","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F03.subqueries-aggregates",{"title":2817,"icon":2818,"path":2819,"stem":2820,"children":2821,"page":59},"Тригери та зберігаємі процедури","i-lucide-database-zap","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures",[2822,2826,2830,2834,2838,2842,2846],{"title":2823,"path":2824,"stem":2825},"DML-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fdml-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F01.dml-triggers",{"title":2827,"path":2828,"stem":2829},"DDL-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fddl-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F02.ddl-triggers",{"title":2831,"path":2832,"stem":2833},"Transact-SQL розширення","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransact-sql-extensions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F03.transact-sql-extensions",{"title":2835,"path":2836,"stem":2837},"Транзакції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F04.transactions",{"title":2839,"path":2840,"stem":2841},"Зберігаємі процедури","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fstored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F05.stored-procedures",{"title":2843,"path":2844,"stem":2845},"Користувацькі функції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fuser-defined-functions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F06.user-defined-functions",{"title":2847,"path":2848,"stem":2849},"Безпека баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F08.security",{"title":2847,"icon":793,"path":2851,"stem":2852,"children":2853,"page":59},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F08.security",[2854,2858],{"title":2855,"path":2856,"stem":2857},"Вступ до безпеки баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fintroduction","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F01.introduction",{"title":2859,"path":2860,"stem":2861},"Системні представлення та метадані","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fsystem-views","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F02.system-views",{"title":2863,"icon":2864,"path":2865,"stem":2866,"children":2867,"page":59},"Резервне копіювання та відновлення","i-lucide-database-backup","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery",[2868],{"title":2863,"path":2869,"stem":2870},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery\u002Fbackup-restore","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery\u002F01.backup-restore",{"title":2872,"icon":2873,"path":2874,"stem":2875,"children":2876,"page":59},"Повнотекстовий пошук","i-lucide-search","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search",[2877],{"title":2872,"path":2878,"stem":2879},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search\u002F01.full-text-search",{"title":2881,"icon":2882,"path":2883,"stem":2884,"children":2885,"page":59},"Tools","i-lucide-wrench","\u002Ftools","07.tools",[2886,2962],{"title":2887,"icon":2888,"path":2889,"stem":2890,"children":2891},"Docker","i-simple-icons-docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002Findex",[2892,2894,2898,2902,2906,2910,2914,2918,2922,2926,2930,2934,2938,2942,2946,2950,2954,2958],{"title":2893,"path":2889,"stem":2890},"Docker: від нуля до production",{"title":2895,"path":2896,"stem":2897},"Контейнеризація — від проблеми до рішення","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainerization-concept","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F01.containerization-concept",{"title":2899,"path":2900,"stem":2901},"Docker — що це і навіщо?","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-what-and-why","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F02.docker-what-and-why",{"title":2903,"path":2904,"stem":2905},"Архітектура Docker Engine","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-architecture","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F03.docker-architecture",{"title":2907,"path":2908,"stem":2909},"Встановлення Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Finstallation","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F04.installation",{"title":2911,"path":2912,"stem":2913},"Перший контейнер — docker run","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Ffirst-container","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F05.first-container",{"title":2915,"path":2916,"stem":2917},"Життєвий цикл контейнера","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainer-lifecycle","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F06.container-lifecycle",{"title":2919,"path":2920,"stem":2921},"Docker Images — фундаментальні концепції","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-images-fundamentals","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F07.docker-images-fundamentals",{"title":2923,"path":2924,"stem":2925},"Dockerfile — основи","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F08.dockerfile-basics",{"title":2927,"path":2928,"stem":2929},"Dockerfile — просунуті техніки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-advanced","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F09.dockerfile-advanced",{"title":2931,"path":2932,"stem":2933},"Build Context та кешування шарів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fbuild-context-and-cache","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F10.build-context-and-cache",{"title":2935,"path":2936,"stem":2937},"Реєстри Docker-образів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fimage-registries","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F11.image-registries",{"title":2939,"path":2940,"stem":2941},"Контейнеризація .NET додатків","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdotnet-containerization","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F12.dotnet-containerization",{"title":2943,"path":2944,"stem":2945},"Томи та збереження даних","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fvolumes-and-data","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F13.volumes-and-data",{"title":2947,"path":2948,"stem":2949},"Основи мережі в Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fnetworking-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F14.networking-basics",{"title":2951,"path":2952,"stem":2953},"Змінні оточення та конфігурація","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fenvironment-and-configuration","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F15.environment-and-configuration",{"title":2955,"path":2956,"stem":2957},"Docker Compose — оркестрація контейнерів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-compose-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F16.docker-compose-basics",{"title":2959,"path":2960,"stem":2961},"Docker Compose — Multi-Service застосунки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcompose-multi-service","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F17.compose-multi-service",{"title":2963,"icon":2964,"path":2965,"stem":2966,"children":2967},"Kubernetes","simple-icons:kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002Findex",[2968,2970,2974,2978,2982,2986,2990,2994,2998],{"title":2969,"path":2965,"stem":2966},"Kubernetes: від розробки до production",{"title":2971,"path":2972,"stem":2973},"Kubernetes — коли Docker Compose більше не вистачає","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fwhy-kubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F01.why-kubernetes",{"title":2975,"path":2976,"stem":2977},"Архітектура Kubernetes — анатомія кластера","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fkubernetes-architecture","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F02.kubernetes-architecture",{"title":2979,"path":2980,"stem":2981},"Локальне середовище — minikube, kind та k3s","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Flocal-environment","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F03.local-environment",{"title":2983,"path":2984,"stem":2985},"Pod — атомарна одиниця Kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpods-and-containers","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F04.pods-and-containers",{"title":2987,"path":2988,"stem":2989},"Патерни використання Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpod-patterns","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F05.pod-patterns",{"title":2991,"path":2992,"stem":2993},"Deployment — декларативне управління Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-basics","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F06.deployment-basics",{"title":2995,"path":2996,"stem":2997},"Rolling Updates та управління життєвим циклом Deployment","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-rolling-updates","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F07.deployment-rolling-updates",{"title":2999,"path":3000,"stem":3001},"Service — мережева абстракція для Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fservices-networking","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F08.services-networking",{"title":3003,"icon":3004,"path":3005,"stem":3006,"children":3007,"page":59},"Software Engineering","i-lucide-code-2","\u002Fsoftware-engineering","09.software-engineering",[3008,3012,3016,3020,3024,3028,3032,3036,3040,3044,3048],{"title":3009,"path":3010,"stem":3011},"1. Аналіз предметної області. Експертні знання та складність","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintro-subdomains","09.software-engineering\u002F01.intro-subdomains",{"title":3013,"path":3014,"stem":3015},"2. Обмежені контексти. Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintegrating-limited-contexts","09.software-engineering\u002F02.integrating-limited-contexts",{"title":3017,"path":3018,"stem":3019},"3. Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fsimple","09.software-engineering\u002F03.simple",{"title":3021,"path":3022,"stem":3023},"4. Опрацювання складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","09.software-engineering\u002F04.complex-business-logic",{"title":3025,"path":3026,"stem":3027},"5. Моделювання фактора часу. Подієво-орієнтована архітектура.","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fmodelling-the-time-factor","09.software-engineering\u002F05.modelling-the-time-factor",{"title":3029,"path":3030,"stem":3031},"6. Архітектурні патерни","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Farchitectural-patterns","09.software-engineering\u002F06.architectural-patterns",{"title":3033,"path":3034,"stem":3035},"Паттерни взаємодії","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fpatterns-of-interaction","09.software-engineering\u002F07.patterns-of-interaction",{"title":3037,"path":3038,"stem":3039},"Евристика проєктування","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fdesign-heuristics","09.software-engineering\u002F08.design-heuristics",{"title":3041,"path":3042,"stem":3043},"Еволюція проєктних рішень","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fevolution-of-design-solutions","09.software-engineering\u002F09.evolution-of-design-solutions",{"title":3045,"path":3046,"stem":3047},"EventStorming","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Feventstorming","09.software-engineering\u002F10.eventstorming",{"title":3049,"path":3050,"stem":3051},"DDD на практиці","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fddd-in-practice","09.software-engineering\u002F11.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3053,"icon":943,"path":3054,"stem":3055,"children":3056,"page":59},"DDD","\u002Fddd","10.ddd",[3057,3061,3065,3069,3073,3077,3081,3085,3089,3093,3097,3101,3105],{"title":3058,"path":3059,"stem":3060},"Аналіз предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-analysis","10.ddd\u002F01.domain-analysis",{"title":3062,"path":3063,"stem":3064},"Експертні знання про предметну область","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-expert-knowledge","10.ddd\u002F02.domain-expert-knowledge",{"title":3066,"path":3067,"stem":3068},"Як осмислити складність предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fmanaging-domain-complexity","10.ddd\u002F03.managing-domain-complexity",{"title":3070,"path":3071,"stem":3072},"Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fddd\u002Fbounded-context-integration","10.ddd\u002F04.bounded-context-integration",{"title":3074,"path":3075,"stem":3076},"Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fsimple-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F05.simple-business-logic",{"title":3078,"path":3079,"stem":3080},"Обробка складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F06.complex-business-logic",{"title":3082,"path":3083,"stem":3084},"Моделювання фактора часу","\u002Fddd\u002Ftime-modeling","10.ddd\u002F07.time-modeling",{"title":3086,"path":3087,"stem":3088},"Глава 8. Архітектурні Патерни","\u002Fddd\u002Farchitectural-patterns","10.ddd\u002F08.architectural-patterns",{"title":3090,"path":3091,"stem":3092},"Глава 9. Патерни Взаємодії","\u002Fddd\u002Finteraction-patterns","10.ddd\u002F09.interaction-patterns",{"title":3094,"path":3095,"stem":3096},"Глава 10. Проектні Евристики","\u002Fddd\u002Fdesign-heuristics","10.ddd\u002F10.design-heuristics",{"title":3098,"path":3099,"stem":3100},"Глава 11. Еволюція Проектних Рішень","\u002Fddd\u002Fevolution-of-design-decisions","10.ddd\u002F11.evolution-of-design-decisions",{"title":3102,"path":3103,"stem":3104},"Глава 12. EventStorming","\u002Fddd\u002Fevent-storming","10.ddd\u002F12.event-storming",{"title":3106,"path":3107,"stem":3108},"Глава 13. DDD на Практиці","\u002Fddd\u002Fddd-in-practice","10.ddd\u002F13.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3110,"icon":3111,"path":3112,"stem":3113,"children":3114,"page":59},"Media Streaming","i-lucide-video","\u002Fmedia-streaming","11.media-streaming",[3115,3119,3123,3127,3131,3135,3139],{"title":3116,"path":3117,"stem":3118},"01. Магія Стрімінгу: Що відбувається, коли ви натискаєте \"Play\"","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fintroduction","11.media-streaming\u002F01.introduction",{"title":3120,"path":3121,"stem":3122},"02. Анатомія Медіа: Кодеки, Контейнери та Стиснення","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Faudio-video-anatomy","11.media-streaming\u002F02.audio-video-anatomy",{"title":3124,"path":3125,"stem":3126},"03. The Gym: FFmpeg Deep Dive","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fffmpeg-gym","11.media-streaming\u002F03.ffmpeg-gym",{"title":3128,"path":3129,"stem":3130},"04. HLS Protocol: HTTP Live Streaming у Деталях","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fhls-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F04.hls-protocol",{"title":3132,"path":3133,"stem":3134},"05. DASH Protocol: Відкритий Стандарт","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fdash-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F05.dash-protocol",{"title":3136,"path":3137,"stem":3138},"06. Масштабування: CDN та Adaptive Bitrate","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fcdn-and-adaptive-bitrate","11.media-streaming\u002F06.cdn-and-adaptive-bitrate",{"title":3140,"path":3141,"stem":3142},"07. Війна із Затримкою (Latency)","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Frealtime-latency","11.media-streaming\u002F07.realtime-latency",{"title":3144,"icon":3145,"path":3146,"stem":3147,"children":3148,"page":59},"HTML & CSS","i-devicon-html5","\u002Fhtml-css","12.html-css",[3149,3153,3157,3161,3165,3169,3173,3177,3181,3185,3189,3193,3197,3201,3205,3209,3213,3217,3221,3225,3229,3233,3237,3241,3245,3249,3253,3257,3261,3265],{"title":3150,"path":3151,"stem":3152},"Вступ до HTML. Структура документа","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fintro-html-structure","12.html-css\u002F01.intro-html-structure",{"title":3154,"path":3155,"stem":3156},"Форматування тексту в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-text-formatting","12.html-css\u002F02.html-text-formatting",{"title":3158,"path":3159,"stem":3160},"Посилання та зображення в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-links-images","12.html-css\u002F03.html-links-images",{"title":3162,"path":3163,"stem":3164},"Списки та таблиці в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-lists-tables","12.html-css\u002F04.html-lists-tables",{"title":3166,"path":3167,"stem":3168},"Форми в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-forms","12.html-css\u002F05.html-forms",{"title":3170,"path":3171,"stem":3172},"Семантичні елементи HTML5","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-semantic-elements","12.html-css\u002F06.html-semantic-elements",{"title":3174,"path":3175,"stem":3176},"Мультимедіа та розширені елементи HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-multimedia-advanced","12.html-css\u002F07.html-multimedia-advanced",{"title":3178,"path":3179,"stem":3180},"Мікророзмітка та SEO в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-microdata-seo","12.html-css\u002F08.html-microdata-seo",{"title":3182,"path":3183,"stem":3184},"Вступ до CSS. Селектори та специфічність","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-intro-selectors","12.html-css\u002F09.css-intro-selectors",{"title":3186,"path":3187,"stem":3188},"Блокова модель CSS. Відступи. Box Sizing","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-box-model","12.html-css\u002F10.css-box-model",{"title":3190,"path":3191,"stem":3192},"Розміри у CSS: повний довідник одиниць і ключових слів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F10a.css-sizing","12.html-css\u002F10a.css-sizing",{"title":3194,"path":3195,"stem":3196},"Типографіка в CSS. Шрифти та текст","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-typography","12.html-css\u002F11.css-typography",{"title":3198,"path":3199,"stem":3200},"Кольори та фони в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-colors-backgrounds","12.html-css\u002F12.css-colors-backgrounds",{"title":3202,"path":3203,"stem":3204},"Тіні та фільтри в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters","12.html-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters",{"title":3206,"path":3207,"stem":3208},"CSS Flexbox: Фундамент гнучких макетів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-fundamentals","12.html-css\u002F13.css-flexbox-fundamentals",{"title":3210,"path":3211,"stem":3212},"CSS Flexbox: Вирівнювання та Позиціонування","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns","12.html-css\u002F14.css-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns",{"title":3214,"path":3215,"stem":3216},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid","12.html-css\u002F15.css-layout-grid",{"title":3218,"path":3219,"stem":3220},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 2","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid-advanced","12.html-css\u002F16.css-layout-grid-advanced",{"title":3222,"path":3223,"stem":3224},"Позиціонування в CSS. Z-index. Stacking Context","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-positioning","12.html-css\u002F17.css-positioning",{"title":3226,"path":3227,"stem":3228},"CSS Анімації та Переходи","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-animations-transitions","12.html-css\u002F18.css-animations-transitions",{"title":3230,"path":3231,"stem":3232},"Адаптивний дизайн. Media Queries. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-media-queries","12.html-css\u002F19.css-responsive-media-queries",{"title":3234,"path":3235,"stem":3236},"Адаптивний дизайн. Частина 2: clamp(), Container Queries, @layer","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-advanced","12.html-css\u002F20.css-responsive-advanced",{"title":3238,"path":3239,"stem":3240},"CSS Custom Properties. Методології. Сучасний CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-variables-methodologies","12.html-css\u002F21.css-variables-methodologies",{"title":3242,"path":3243,"stem":3244},"Сучасний CSS 2023–2025: Нові можливості","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-modern-features","12.html-css\u002F22.css-modern-features",{"title":3246,"path":3247,"stem":3248},"CSS Nesting, @layer, @scope та @property: нативний препроцесор","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax","12.html-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax",{"title":3250,"path":3251,"stem":3252},"CSS для форм та інтерактивних станів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-forms-interactive-states","12.html-css\u002F23.css-forms-interactive-states",{"title":3254,"path":3255,"stem":3256},"Доступність у CSS (CSS Accessibility)","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-accessibility","12.html-css\u002F24.css-accessibility",{"title":3258,"path":3259,"stem":3260},"CSS-функції та сучасні sizing primitives","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-functions-sizing","12.html-css\u002F25.css-functions-sizing",{"title":3262,"path":3263,"stem":3264},"Rendering Pipeline і CSS Performance","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-rendering-performance","12.html-css\u002F26.css-rendering-performance",{"title":3266,"path":3267,"stem":3268},"CSS Best Practices: типові ситуації та правильні рішення","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-best-practices","12.html-css\u002F27.css-best-practices",{"title":3270,"path":3271,"stem":3272,"children":3273,"page":59},"AWS","\u002Faws","13.aws",[3274,3278,3282,3286,3290,3294,3298,3302,3306,3310,3314,3318,3322,3326,3330,3334,3338,3342],{"title":3275,"path":3276,"stem":3277},"Реєстрація AWS акаунту та студентські програми","\u002Faws\u002Faccount-registration","13.aws\u002F00.account-registration",{"title":3279,"path":3280,"stem":3281},"Вступ до хмарних обчислень та AWS","\u002Faws\u002Fintroduction-to-cloud","13.aws\u002F01.introduction-to-cloud",{"title":3283,"path":3284,"stem":3285},"AWS IAM — Identity and Access Management","\u002Faws\u002Fiam","13.aws\u002F02.iam",{"title":3287,"path":3288,"stem":3289},"AWS IAM CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F02a.iam-doc","13.aws\u002F02a.iam-doc",{"title":3291,"path":3292,"stem":3293},"Docker та контейнеризація в AWS — ECR, ECS та Fargate","\u002Faws\u002Fdocker-ecs","13.aws\u002F03.docker-ecs",{"title":3295,"path":3296,"stem":3297},"AWS ECR \u002F ECS CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc","13.aws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc",{"title":3299,"path":3300,"stem":3301},"Amazon EC2 — Elastic Compute Cloud","\u002Faws\u002Fec2","13.aws\u002F04.ec2",{"title":3303,"path":3304,"stem":3305},"AWS EC2 CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F04a.ec2-doc","13.aws\u002F04a.ec2-doc",{"title":3307,"path":3308,"stem":3309},"Elastic Load Balancing та Auto Scaling","\u002Faws\u002Falb-asg","13.aws\u002F05.alb-asg",{"title":3311,"path":3312,"stem":3313},"Amazon S3 — Simple Storage Service","\u002Faws\u002Fs3","13.aws\u002F06.s3",{"title":3315,"path":3316,"stem":3317},"Amazon CloudFront — Content Delivery Network","\u002Faws\u002Fcloudfront","13.aws\u002F07.cloudfront",{"title":3319,"path":3320,"stem":3321},"Amazon RDS — Relational Database Service","\u002Faws\u002Frds","13.aws\u002F08.rds",{"title":3323,"path":3324,"stem":3325},"Amazon DynamoDB — NoSQL Database","\u002Faws\u002Fdynamodb","13.aws\u002F09.dynamodb",{"title":3327,"path":3328,"stem":3329},"AWS Lambda та Serverless Compute","\u002Faws\u002Flambda","13.aws\u002F10.lambda",{"title":3331,"path":3332,"stem":3333},"Amazon Bedrock - Foundation Models, RAG та Agents","\u002Faws\u002Fbedrock","13.aws\u002F22.bedrock",{"title":3335,"path":3336,"stem":3337},"Amazon Rekognition - Комп'ютерний зір","\u002Faws\u002Frekognition","13.aws\u002F23.rekognition",{"title":3339,"path":3340,"stem":3341},"Amazon Textract - Інтелектуальний аналіз документів","\u002Faws\u002Ftextract","13.aws\u002F24.textract",{"title":3343,"path":3344,"stem":3345},"Amazon Polly, Transcribe, Comprehend та Translate","\u002Faws\u002Faudio-nlp-services","13.aws\u002F25.audio-nlp-services",{"title":3347,"path":3348,"stem":3349,"children":3350,"page":59},"Ai Development","\u002Fai-development","14.ai-development",[3351],{"title":3352,"path":3353,"stem":3354,"children":3355,"page":59},"Foundations","\u002Fai-development\u002Ffoundations","14.ai-development\u002F00.foundations",[3356],{"title":3357,"path":3358,"stem":3359},"Модуль 0.1. Що таке Large Language Model (LLM)","\u002Fai-development\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-llm","14.ai-development\u002F00.foundations\u002F01.what-is-llm",{"title":3361,"path":3362,"stem":3363,"children":3364,"page":59},"React Native","\u002Freact-native","15.react-native",[3365,3386],{"title":3366,"path":3367,"stem":3368,"children":3369,"page":59},"Version1","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1","15.react-native\u002Fversion1",[3370,3374,3378,3382],{"title":3371,"path":3372,"stem":3373},"Що таке React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Fwhat-is-react-native","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F01.what-is-react-native",{"title":3375,"path":3376,"stem":3377},"Як влаштований React Native «під капотом»","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Freact-native-architecture","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F02.react-native-architecture",{"title":3379,"path":3380,"stem":3381},"Від React до React Native: ключові відмінності","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Freact-native-vs-react","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F03.react-native-vs-react",{"title":3383,"path":3384,"stem":3385},"View та Text — фундаментальні будівельні блоки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Fview-and-text","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F04.view-and-text",{"title":3387,"path":3388,"stem":3389,"children":3390,"page":59},"Version2","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2","15.react-native\u002Fversion2",[3391,3395,3399,3403,3407,3411,3415,3419,3423,3427,3431,3435,3439,3443,3447,3451,3455,3459,3463,3467,3471,3475,3479,3483,3487,3491],{"title":3392,"path":3393,"stem":3394},"React Native — навіщо він потрібен","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fwhy-react-native","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F01.why-react-native",{"title":3396,"path":3397,"stem":3398},"Налаштування середовища розробки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fenvironment-setup","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F02.environment-setup",{"title":3400,"path":3401,"stem":3402},"Expo і класичний React Native — два шляхи одного фреймворку","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-vs-cli-landscape","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F03.expo-vs-cli-landscape",{"title":3404,"path":3405,"stem":3406},"Середовище Expo — перший запуск","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-setup-and-tooling","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F04.expo-setup-and-tooling",{"title":3408,"path":3409,"stem":3410},"Структура проєкту та перші UI-примітиви","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fproject-structure-and-conventions","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F05.project-structure-and-conventions",{"title":3412,"path":3413,"stem":3414},"Базові компоненти React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fcore-components","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F06.core-components",{"title":3416,"path":3417,"stem":3418},"Flexbox і layout у React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fflexbox-and-layout","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F07.flexbox-and-layout",{"title":3420,"path":3421,"stem":3422},"StyleSheet і теми (light \u002F dark)","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fstylesheet-and-theming","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F08.stylesheet-and-theming",{"title":3424,"path":3425,"stem":3426},"Списки та віртуалізація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Flists-and-virtualization","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F09.lists-and-virtualization",{"title":3428,"path":3429,"stem":3430},"Форми, ввід і валідація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fforms-input-validation","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F10.forms-input-validation",{"title":3432,"path":3433,"stem":3434},"Основи Expo Router","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-router-basics","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F11.expo-router-basics",{"title":3436,"path":3437,"stem":3438},"Вкладені навігатори та модалки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fnested-navigators-and-modals","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F12.nested-navigators-and-modals",{"title":3440,"path":3441,"stem":3442},"Deep linking і параметри маршрутів","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fdeep-linking-and-params","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F13.deep-linking-and-params",{"title":3444,"path":3445,"stem":3446},"Робота з мережею та життєвий цикл застосунку","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fnetworking-and-app-lifecycle","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F14.networking-and-app-lifecycle",{"title":3448,"path":3449,"stem":3450},"Redux Toolkit на мобільних платформах","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fredux-toolkit-on-mobile","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F15.redux-toolkit-on-mobile",{"title":3452,"path":3453,"stem":3454},"RTK Query на мобільних платформах","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Frtk-query-mobile","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F16.rtk-query-mobile",{"title":3456,"path":3457,"stem":3458},"Автентифікація та Безпечне Зберігання","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fauth-secure-storage","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F18.auth-secure-storage",{"title":3460,"path":3461,"stem":3462},"Локальне сховище — AsyncStorage, MMKV, SQLite","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Flocal-storage-mmkv-sqlite","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F19.local-storage-mmkv-sqlite",{"title":3464,"path":3465,"stem":3466},"Офлайн-First і синхронізація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Foffline-first-sync","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F20.offline-first-sync",{"title":3468,"path":3469,"stem":3470},"Камера, медіа та файлова система","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fcamera-media-filesystem","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F21.camera-media-filesystem",{"title":3472,"path":3473,"stem":3474},"Карти та геолокація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fmaps-and-location","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F22.maps-and-location",{"title":3476,"path":3477,"stem":3478},"Жести та дотики","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fgestures-and-touch","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F23.gestures-and-touch",{"title":3480,"path":3481,"stem":3482},"Анімації з Reanimated","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Freanimated-animations","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F24.reanimated-animations",{"title":3484,"path":3485,"stem":3486},"Push і локальні сповіщення","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fpush-and-local-notifications","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F25.push-and-local-notifications",{"title":3488,"path":3489,"stem":3490},"Доступність та інтернаціоналізація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Faccessibility-and-i18n","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F26.accessibility-and-i18n",{"title":3492,"path":3493,"stem":3494},"EAS Build та профілі збірки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Feas-build-and-profiles","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F29.eas-build-and-profiles",{"title":3496,"path":3497,"stem":3498,"children":3499,"page":59},"Ai Python","\u002Fai-python","16.ai-python",[3500,3504,3508],{"title":3501,"path":3502,"stem":3503},"Вступ до штучного інтелекту та машинного навчання","\u002Fai-python\u002Fintro-to-ai","16.ai-python\u002F01.intro-to-ai",{"title":3505,"path":3506,"stem":3507},"Знайомство з Jupyter Notebook та JupyterLab","\u002Fai-python\u002Fjupyter-notebook","16.ai-python\u002F02.jupyter-notebook",{"title":3509,"path":3510,"stem":3511},"Робота з даними з використанням NumPy і pandas","\u002Fai-python\u002Fnumpy-pandas","16.ai-python\u002F03.numpy-pandas",{"title":3513,"icon":658,"path":3514,"stem":3515,"children":3516,"page":59},"Клієнт-серверна архітектура","\u002Fclient-server-architecture","17.client-server-architecture",[3517,3521],{"title":3518,"path":3519,"stem":3520},"Архітектура клієнт-серверних систем та основи Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fclient-server-architecture-and-go","17.client-server-architecture\u002F01.client-server-architecture-and-go",{"title":3522,"path":3523,"stem":3524},"Система типів та модель пам’яті мови Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Ftype-system-and-memory-model","17.client-server-architecture\u002F02.type-system-and-memory-model",{"title":3526,"icon":1946,"path":3527,"stem":3528,"children":3529,"page":59},"Розробка WEB-застосувань","\u002Fweb-development","18.web-development",[3530,3575,3613,3642],{"title":3531,"icon":658,"path":3532,"stem":3533,"children":3534,"page":59},"Архітектура комп'ютерних мереж та мережеві протоколи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols",[3535,3539,3543,3547,3551,3555,3559,3563,3567,3571],{"title":3536,"path":3537,"stem":3538},"Еволюція веброзробки та модель клієнт-сервер","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fweb-evolution-client-server","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F01.web-evolution-client-server",{"title":3540,"path":3541,"stem":3542},"Еталонна модель OSI","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fosi-model","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F02.osi-model",{"title":3544,"path":3545,"stem":3546},"Стек протоколів TCP\u002FIP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Ftcp-ip-stack","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F03.tcp-ip-stack",{"title":3548,"path":3549,"stem":3550},"IP-адресація, порти та сокети","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fip-addressing-ports-sockets","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F04.ip-addressing-ports-sockets",{"title":3552,"path":3553,"stem":3554},"Протоколи TCP та UDP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Ftcp-udp-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F05.tcp-udp-protocols",{"title":3556,"path":3557,"stem":3558},"Система доменних імен DNS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F06.dns-system",{"title":3560,"path":3561,"stem":3562},"Протокол SMTP та поштові протоколи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fsmtp-email-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F07.smtp-email-protocols",{"title":3564,"path":3565,"stem":3566},"Протокол WebSocket","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fwebsocket-protocol","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F08.websocket-protocol",{"title":3568,"path":3569,"stem":3570},"Протокол SSH","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fssh-protocol","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F09.ssh-protocol",{"title":3572,"path":3573,"stem":3574},"Огляд сучасних серверних технологій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fmodern-backend-technologies","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F10.modern-backend-technologies",{"title":3576,"icon":3577,"path":3578,"stem":3579,"children":3580,"page":59},"Протокол HTTP та захищена передача даних HTTPS","i-lucide-lock","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https",[3581,3585,3589,3593,3597,3601,3605,3609],{"title":3582,"path":3583,"stem":3584},"Вступ до протоколу HTTP та еволюція веб-технологій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fintroduction-and-evolution","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F01.introduction-and-evolution",{"title":3586,"path":3587,"stem":3588},"Анатомія HTTP-запиту","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-request-structure","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F02.http-request-structure",{"title":3590,"path":3591,"stem":3592},"Анатомія HTTP-відповіді","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-response-structure","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F03.http-response-structure",{"title":3594,"path":3595,"stem":3596},"Методи HTTP та їхня семантика","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-methods","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F04.http-methods",{"title":3598,"path":3599,"stem":3600},"Коди статусу HTTP та їхнє призначення","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-status-codes","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F05.http-status-codes",{"title":3602,"path":3603,"stem":3604},"HTTP-заголовки та їхнє призначення","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-headers","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F06.http-headers",{"title":3606,"path":3607,"stem":3608},"CORS та механізми безпеки HTTP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fcors-and-security","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F07.cors-and-security",{"title":3610,"path":3611,"stem":3612},"HTTPS та криптографічні основи TLS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttps-and-tls","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F08.https-and-tls",{"title":3614,"icon":2326,"path":3615,"stem":3616,"children":3617,"page":59},"Система типів мови TypeScript","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system",[3618,3622,3626,3630,3634,3638],{"title":3619,"path":3620,"stem":3621},"Знайомство з TypeScript Compiler","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Fintroduction-compiler-config","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F01.introduction-compiler-config",{"title":3623,"path":3624,"stem":3625},"Примітивні типи даних: string, number, boolean","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Fprimitive-special-types","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F02.primitive-special-types",{"title":3627,"path":3628,"stem":3629},"Масиви, кортежі та об","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Farrays-tuples-objects","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F03.arrays-tuples-objects",{"title":3631,"path":3632,"stem":3633},"Union типи, Intersection типи та літеральні типи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Funion-intersection-literals","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F04.union-intersection-literals",{"title":3635,"path":3636,"stem":3637},"Type Narrowing (звуження типів)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Ftype-narrowing","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F05.type-narrowing",{"title":3639,"path":3640,"stem":3641},"Типізація функцій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Ffunctions-typing","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F06.functions-typing",{"title":3643,"icon":2326,"path":3644,"stem":3645,"children":3646,"page":59},"Розширені засоби мови TypeScript","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced",[3647,3651,3655,3659,3663,3667],{"title":3648,"path":3649,"stem":3650},"Interfaces та Classes","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Finterfaces-classes","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F01.interfaces-classes",{"title":3652,"path":3653,"stem":3654},"Основи Generic типів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fgenerics-fundamentals","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F02.generics-fundamentals",{"title":3656,"path":3657,"stem":3658},"Enums та Decorators","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fenums-decorators","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F03.enums-decorators",{"title":3660,"path":3661,"stem":3662},"Utility Types","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Futility-types","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F04.utility-types",{"title":3664,"path":3665,"stem":3666},"Mapped та Conditional Types","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fmapped-conditional-types","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F05.mapped-conditional-types",{"title":3668,"path":3669,"stem":3670},"Модулі та Strict Mode","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fmodules-strict-mode","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F06.modules-strict-mode",{"title":3672,"path":3673,"stem":3674,"children":3675,"page":59},"Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind","21.tailwind",[3676,3680,3684,3688,3692,3696,3700,3704,3708,3712,3716,3720],{"title":3677,"path":3678,"stem":3679},"Що таке Tailwind CSS і навіщо він потрібен","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-intro-philosophy","21.tailwind\u002F01.tailwind-intro-philosophy",{"title":3681,"path":3682,"stem":3683},"Встановлення та налаштування Tailwind CSS v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-installation-setup","21.tailwind\u002F02.tailwind-installation-setup",{"title":3685,"path":3686,"stem":3687},"Utility-класи: основи та система Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-utility-classes-core","21.tailwind\u002F03.tailwind-utility-classes-core",{"title":3689,"path":3690,"stem":3691},"Layout: Flexbox та Grid через Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-flexbox-grid","21.tailwind\u002F04.tailwind-flexbox-grid",{"title":3693,"path":3694,"stem":3695},"Кастомізація теми через @theme у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-theme-customization","21.tailwind\u002F05.tailwind-theme-customization",{"title":3697,"path":3698,"stem":3699},"Варіанти: hover, focus, responsive, dark mode та нові v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-variants-states","21.tailwind\u002F06.tailwind-variants-states",{"title":3701,"path":3702,"stem":3703},"Типографіка та система кольорів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-typography-colors","21.tailwind\u002F07.tailwind-typography-colors",{"title":3705,"path":3706,"stem":3707},"Компоненти та повторюваність: @apply, @utility та патерни","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-components-patterns","21.tailwind\u002F08.tailwind-components-patterns",{"title":3709,"path":3710,"stem":3711},"Темна тема та система дизайн-токенів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-dark-mode-theming","21.tailwind\u002F09.tailwind-dark-mode-theming",{"title":3713,"path":3714,"stem":3715},"Довільні значення та контейнерні запити у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-arbitrary-container-queries","21.tailwind\u002F10.tailwind-arbitrary-container-queries",{"title":3717,"path":3718,"stem":3719},"Анімації, трансформації та 3D у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-animations-transforms","21.tailwind\u002F11.tailwind-animations-transforms",{"title":3721,"path":3722,"stem":3723},"Tailwind CLI, PostCSS та інтеграція з фреймворками","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-cli-tooling","21.tailwind\u002F12.tailwind-cli-tooling",{"title":3725,"path":3726,"stem":3727},"Тестування компонентів діаграм","\u002Ftest-components","98.test-components",{"id":3729,"title":3556,"body":3730,"description":9152,"extension":9153,"links":9154,"meta":9155,"navigation":4574,"path":3557,"seo":9156,"stem":3558,"__hash__":9157},"docs\u002F18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F06.dns-system.md",{"type":3731,"value":3732,"toc":9083},"minimark",[3733,3737,3840,3843,3848,3853,3861,3871,3877,3894,3904,3910,3914,3932,3939,3945,3950,4000,4008,4012,4018,4023,4030,4036,4042,4048,4054,4060,4062,4066,4073,4077,4084,4087,4093,4098,4247,4251,4257,4265,4271,4280,4282,4286,4292,4296,4306,4312,4319,4323,4334,4341,4347,4358,4363,4374,4381,4385,4391,4396,4402,4404,4408,4413,4417,4422,4427,4433,4438,4444,4448,4451,4457,4462,4468,4472,4475,4481,4485,4491,4497,4503,4509,4515,4517,4521,4531,4535,4541,4548,4762,4769,4773,4778,4792,4797,4817,4822,4828,4830,4834,4837,4841,4847,4852,4867,4872,4880,4885,4905,4908,4912,4917,4921,4930,4936,4942,4946,4951,4955,4970,4975,4981,4986,5021,5025,5039,5043,5048,5052,5067,5073,5081,5087,5097,5102,5132,5136,5141,5145,5154,5159,5164,5173,5176,5181,5190,5195,5204,5209,5218,5224,5228,5233,5237,5252,5257,5272,5279,5283,5288,5292,5332,5337,5396,5400,5405,5409,5418,5422,5433,5438,5444,5449,5455,5459,5464,5468,5492,5496,5522,5526,5540,5544,5549,5553,5573,5578,5602,5608,5610,5614,5620,5624,5634,5640,5650,5656,5660,5667,5672,5678,5927,5929,5933,5939,5943,5946,5966,5971,5977,5981,5987,5993,6000,6005,6011,6015,6020,6026,6031,6037,6042,6068,6072,6075,6081,6087,6092,6094,6098,6102,6108,6113,6139,6145,6149,6156,6161,6167,6172,6183,6188,6194,6204,6229,6232,6237,6243,6245,6249,6253,6258,6264,6269,6275,6280,6286,6290,6296,6301,6307,6312,6317,6338,6341,6347,6351,6361,6365,6371,6376,6382,6422,6428,6447,6453,6472,6477,6483,6489,6495,6502,6506,6516,6520,6526,6531,6753,6759,6765,6770,6776,6783,6787,6793,6798,6804,6810,6816,6818,6822,6826,6830,6835,6909,6914,6929,6934,7007,7012,7062,7066,7072,7077,7111,7116,7166,7171,7194,7199,7227,7235,7241,7248,7253,7286,7291,7324,7329,7343,7347,7353,7421,7425,7430,7468,7473,7505,7510,7540,7544,7548,7553,7569,7574,7668,7673,7687,7691,7695,7711,7715,7841,7845,7859,7863,7867,7885,7889,7974,7978,7992,7994,7998,8002,8019,8024,8030,8034,8041,8046,8117,8122,8201,8205,8213,8218,8227,8232,8238,8242,8253,8258,8292,8294,8298,8301,8306,8311,8325,8330,8386,8391,8402,8406,8423,8427,8447,8452,8466,8469,8471,8475,8564,8566,8570,9079],[3734,3735,3556],"h1",{"id":3736},"система-доменних-імен-dns",[3738,3739,3740,3770],"card-group",{},[3741,3742,3745],"card",{"icon":3743,"title":3744},"i-lucide-target","🎯 Мета розділу",[3746,3747,3748,3752,3755,3758,3761,3764,3767],"ul",{},[3749,3750,3751],"li",{},"Глибоко зрозуміти роль DNS як \"телефонної книги\" Інтернету.",[3749,3753,3754],{},"Опанувати ієрархічну структуру DNS: root, TLD, authoritative серверів.",[3749,3756,3757],{},"Вивчити процес резолвінгу доменних імен: рекурсивні та ітеративні запити.",[3749,3759,3760],{},"Освоїти типи DNS-записів (A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA) та їх застосування.",[3749,3762,3763],{},"Зрозуміти механізми кешування та TTL для оптимізації продуктивності.",[3749,3765,3766],{},"Навчитися діагностувати проблеми DNS через утиліти командного рядка.",[3749,3768,3769],{},"Застосовувати знання DNS для конфігурації доменів та вирішення мережевих проблем.",[3741,3771,3774],{"icon":3772,"title":3773},"i-lucide-key","🔑 Ключові терміни",[3746,3775,3776,3783,3794,3810,3816,3822,3828,3834],{},[3749,3777,3778,3782],{},[3779,3780,3781],"strong",{},"DNS (Domain Name System):"," розподілена ієрархічна система для перекладу доменних імен у IP-адреси.",[3749,3784,3785,3788,3789,3793],{},[3779,3786,3787],{},"FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name):"," повне доменне ім'я (наприклад, ",[3790,3791,3792],"code",{},"www.example.com.",").",[3749,3795,3796,3799,3800,3803,3804,3803,3807,3793],{},[3779,3797,3798],{},"TLD (Top-Level Domain):"," домен верхнього рівня (",[3790,3801,3802],{},".com",", ",[3790,3805,3806],{},".org",[3790,3808,3809],{},".ua",[3749,3811,3812,3815],{},[3779,3813,3814],{},"Authoritative Name Server:"," офіційний DNS-сервер, що володіє записами для конкретної зони.",[3749,3817,3818,3821],{},[3779,3819,3820],{},"Recursive Resolver:"," DNS-сервер, що виконує повний процес резолвінгу від імені клієнта.",[3749,3823,3824,3827],{},[3779,3825,3826],{},"DNS Record:"," запис у DNS (A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT тощо).",[3749,3829,3830,3833],{},[3779,3831,3832],{},"TTL (Time To Live):"," час, протягом якого DNS-запис може зберігатися у кеші.",[3749,3835,3836,3839],{},[3779,3837,3838],{},"Zone File:"," файл, що містить DNS-записи для конкретної зони (домену).",[3841,3842],"hr",{},[3844,3845,3847],"h2",{"id":3846},"навіщо-потрібен-dns","Навіщо потрібен DNS",[3849,3850,3852],"h3",{"id":3851},"проблема-ip-адреси-незручні-для-людей","Проблема: IP-адреси незручні для людей",[3854,3855,3856,3857,3860],"p",{},"Комп'ютери ідентифікують один одного через ",[3779,3858,3859],{},"IP-адреси",":",[3862,3863,3868],"pre",{"className":3864,"code":3866,"language":3867},[3865],"language-text","IPv4: 142.250.185.78\nIPv6: 2a00:1450:4001:82f::200e\n","text",[3790,3869,3866],{"__ignoreMap":3870},"",[3854,3872,3873,3874,3860],{},"Проте людям ",[3779,3875,3876],{},"незручно запам'ятовувати числа",[3746,3878,3879,3885,3891],{},[3749,3880,3881,3882],{},"Важко запам'ятати ",[3790,3883,3884],{},"142.250.185.78",[3749,3886,3887,3888],{},"Неможливо запам'ятати ",[3790,3889,3890],{},"2a00:1450:4001:82f::200e",[3749,3892,3893],{},"IP-адреси можуть змінюватися (сервер переїжджає, балансування навантаження)",[3854,3895,3896,3899,3900,3903],{},[3779,3897,3898],{},"Рішення:"," Використовувати ",[3779,3901,3902],{},"доменні імена"," (domain names):",[3862,3905,3908],{"className":3906,"code":3907,"language":3867},[3865],"google.com        → легко запам'ятати\nfacebook.com      → зрозуміло, що це\nstackoverflow.com → описове\n",[3790,3909,3907],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,3911,3913],{"id":3912},"рання-спроба-файл-etchosts","Рання спроба: файл \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts",[3854,3915,3916,3919,3920,3923,3924,3927,3928,3931],{},[3779,3917,3918],{},"До DNS (до 1980-х):"," Кожен комп'ютер мав ",[3779,3921,3922],{},"локальний файл"," ",[3790,3925,3926],{},"\u002Fetc\u002Fhosts"," (Unix) або ",[3790,3929,3930],{},"C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts"," (Windows) з відповідностями імен та IP.",[3854,3933,3934],{},[3779,3935,3936,3937,3860],{},"Приклад ",[3790,3938,3926],{},[3862,3940,3943],{"className":3941,"code":3942,"language":3867},[3865],"127.0.0.1       localhost\n192.168.1.1     router.local\n142.250.185.78  google.com www.google.com\n",[3790,3944,3942],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,3946,3947],{},[3779,3948,3949],{},"Проблеми цього підходу:",[3951,3952,3953,3970,3983],"ol",{},[3749,3954,3955,3958],{},[3779,3956,3957],{},"Не масштабується:",[3746,3959,3960,3963],{},[3749,3961,3962],{},"Кожен комп'ютер повинен мати повний список усіх імен Інтернету",[3749,3964,3965,3966,3969],{},"У 1980-х це був один файл ",[3790,3967,3968],{},"HOSTS.TXT",", що розповсюджувався вручну",[3749,3971,3972,3975],{},[3779,3973,3974],{},"Складність оновлення:",[3746,3976,3977,3980],{},[3749,3978,3979],{},"Якщо IP змінюється → треба оновити файл на всіх комп'ютерах",[3749,3981,3982],{},"У ранньому Інтернеті це робилося раз на тиждень через FTP",[3749,3984,3985,3988],{},[3779,3986,3987],{},"Конфлікти імен:",[3746,3989,3990,3997],{},[3749,3991,3992,3993,3996],{},"Хто вирішує, що ",[3790,3994,3995],{},"apple.com"," належить саме Apple Inc.?",[3749,3998,3999],{},"Немає централізованого управління",[3854,4001,4002,3923,4004,4007],{},[3779,4003,3898],{},[3779,4005,4006],{},"Domain Name System (DNS)"," — розподілена, ієрархічна, масштабована система.",[3849,4009,4011],{"id":4010},"dns-як-розподілена-база-даних","DNS як розподілена база даних",[3854,4013,4014,4017],{},[3779,4015,4016],{},"DNS"," — це глобальна розподілена база даних, що перекладає доменні імена у IP-адреси та інші ресурсні записи.",[3854,4019,4020],{},[3779,4021,4022],{},"Ключові властивості:",[3854,4024,4025,4026,4029],{},"✓ ",[3779,4027,4028],{},"Розподілена:"," Немає одного центрального сервера. Дані розподілені між мільйонами DNS-серверів по всьому світу.",[3854,4031,4025,4032,4035],{},[3779,4033,4034],{},"Ієрархічна:"," Домени організовані у дерево (root → TLD → domain → subdomain).",[3854,4037,4025,4038,4041],{},[3779,4039,4040],{},"Кешована:"," Результати запитів кешуються на різних рівнях для швидкості.",[3854,4043,4025,4044,4047],{},[3779,4045,4046],{},"Надлишкова:"," Множина серверів для кожної зони (відмовостійкість).",[3854,4049,4025,4050,4053],{},[3779,4051,4052],{},"Масштабована:"," Обслуговує мільярди запитів на секунду глобально.",[3854,4055,4056,4059],{},[3779,4057,4058],{},"Аналогія:"," DNS — це як глобальна телефонна книга, де замість пошуку номера телефону за іменем людини, ми шукаємо IP-адресу за доменним ім'ям.",[3841,4061],{},[3844,4063,4065],{"id":4064},"ієрархія-dns","Ієрархія DNS",[3854,4067,4068,4069,4072],{},"DNS організовано як ",[3779,4070,4071],{},"дерево"," з root на вершині та доменами, що розгалужуються вниз.",[3849,4074,4076],{"id":4075},"структура-fqdn-fully-qualified-domain-name","Структура FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)",[3854,4078,4079,3923,4082],{},[3779,4080,4081],{},"Приклад:",[3790,4083,3792],{},[3854,4085,4086],{},"Розберемо по частинах (справа наліво):",[3862,4088,4091],{"className":4089,"code":4090,"language":3867},[3865],"www.example.com.\n│   │       │   │\n│   │       │   └─── Root (порожній, але присутній)\n│   │       └─────── Top-Level Domain (TLD)\n│   └─────────────── Second-Level Domain (SLD)\n└─────────────────── Subdomain (або hostname)\n",[3790,4092,4090],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4094,4095],{},[3779,4096,4097],{},"Детальніше:",[3951,4099,4100,4122,4192,4216],{},[3749,4101,4102,4108],{},[3779,4103,4104,4107],{},[3790,4105,4106],{},"."," (Root\u002FКорінь):",[3746,4109,4110,4113,4119],{},[3749,4111,4112],{},"Верхівка ієрархії DNS",[3749,4114,4115,4116,4118],{},"Зазвичай не пишеться, але технічно присутня (",[3790,4117,3792],{}," ← крапка в кінці)",[3749,4120,4121],{},"13 root name servers по всьому світу (a.root-servers.net до m.root-servers.net)",[3749,4123,4124,4130],{},[3779,4125,4126,4129],{},[3790,4127,4128],{},"com"," (TLD — Top-Level Domain):",[3746,4131,4132,4135],{},[3749,4133,4134],{},"Домен верхнього рівня",[3749,4136,4137,4138],{},"Типи TLD:\n",[3746,4139,4140,4158,4174],{},[3749,4141,4142,3923,4145,3803,4147,3803,4149,3803,4152,3803,4155],{},[3779,4143,4144],{},"gTLD (Generic):",[3790,4146,3802],{},[3790,4148,3806],{},[3790,4150,4151],{},".net",[3790,4153,4154],{},".edu",[3790,4156,4157],{},".gov",[3749,4159,4160,3923,4163,4165,4166,4169,4170,4173],{},[3779,4161,4162],{},"ccTLD (Country Code):",[3790,4164,3809],{}," (Україна), ",[3790,4167,4168],{},".us"," (США), ",[3790,4171,4172],{},".uk"," (Велика Британія)",[3749,4175,4176,3923,4179,3803,4182,3803,4185,3803,4188,4191],{},[3779,4177,4178],{},"New gTLD:",[3790,4180,4181],{},".app",[3790,4183,4184],{},".dev",[3790,4186,4187],{},".blog",[3790,4189,4190],{},".shop"," (з 2013 року)",[3749,4193,4194,4200],{},[3779,4195,4196,4199],{},[3790,4197,4198],{},"example"," (SLD — Second-Level Domain):",[3746,4201,4202,4205],{},[3749,4203,4204],{},"Ім'я домену, що реєструється користувачем",[3749,4206,4207,4208,4211,4212,4215],{},"Унікальне в межах TLD (може існувати ",[3790,4209,4210],{},"example.com"," та ",[3790,4213,4214],{},"example.org"," окремо)",[3749,4217,4218,4224],{},[3779,4219,4220,4223],{},[3790,4221,4222],{},"www"," (Subdomain\u002FHostname):",[3746,4225,4226,4229,4241],{},[3749,4227,4228],{},"Піддомен або ім'я хоста",[3749,4230,4231,4232,3803,4235,3803,4238],{},"Може бути будь-яким: ",[3790,4233,4234],{},"mail.example.com",[3790,4236,4237],{},"ftp.example.com",[3790,4239,4240],{},"api.example.com",[3749,4242,4243,4244],{},"Можна мати багаторівневі піддомени: ",[3790,4245,4246],{},"api.v2.staging.example.com",[3849,4248,4250],{"id":4249},"візуалізація-ієрархії-dns","Візуалізація ієрархії DNS",[3862,4252,4255],{"className":4253,"code":4254,"language":3867},[3865],"                      . (Root)\n                     \u002F│\\\n        ┌───────────┘ │ └───────────┐\n        │             │             │\n       com           org           ua (ccTLD)\n      \u002F│\\            │            \u002F│\\\n   ┌─┘ │ └─┐        │         ┌─┘ │ └─┐\ngoogle example apple wikipedia gov co  com\n   │     │     │       │       │   │    │\n  www   www   www     www     www www  www\n        \u002F│\\\n       \u002F │ \\\n     api mail ftp\n",[3790,4256,4254],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4258,4259],{},[3779,4260,4261,4262,3860],{},"Приклад резолвінгу ",[3790,4263,4264],{},"www.example.com",[3862,4266,4269],{"className":4267,"code":4268,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Root (.)         → \"Де знайти .com?\"\n2. .com TLD         → \"Де знайти example.com?\"\n3. example.com NS   → \"Де знайти www.example.com?\"\n4. Authoritative    → \"www.example.com = 93.184.216.34\"\n",[3790,4270,4268],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4272,4273],{},[4274,4275],"img",{"alt":4276,"className":4277,"src":4279},"Деревоподібна ієрархія системи доменних імен DNS",[4278],"diagram-img","\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F01.png",[3841,4281],{},[3844,4283,4285],{"id":4284},"root-серверів-dns","Root серверів DNS",[3854,4287,4288,4291],{},[3779,4289,4290],{},"Root name servers"," — це вершина ієрархії DNS, що знають, де знайти TLD name servers.",[3849,4293,4295],{"id":4294},"_13-root-серверів-логічних","13 Root серверів (логічних)",[3854,4297,4298,4299,4302,4303,3860],{},"Існує ",[3779,4300,4301],{},"13 логічних root серверів",", позначених літерами ",[3779,4304,4305],{},"a-m",[3862,4307,4310],{"className":4308,"code":4309,"language":3867},[3865],"a.root-servers.net (Verisign, США)\nb.root-servers.net (USC-ISI, США)\nc.root-servers.net (Cogent, США)\nd.root-servers.net (University of Maryland, США)\ne.root-servers.net (NASA, США)\nf.root-servers.net (ISC, США)\ng.root-servers.net (US DoD, США)\nh.root-servers.net (US Army, США)\ni.root-servers.net (Netnod, Швеція)\nj.root-servers.net (Verisign, США)\nk.root-servers.net (RIPE NCC, Нідерланди)\nl.root-servers.net (ICANN, США)\nm.root-servers.net (WIDE Project, Японія)\n",[3790,4311,4309],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4313,4314,4315,4318],"note",{},[3779,4316,4317],{},"Чому саме 13?","\nІсторично це обмеження UDP-пакету розміром 512 байт (без EDNS0). У такий пакет поміщається 13 NS записів з IPv4 адресами. Сучасні реалізації використовують EDNS0 та можуть передавати більше.",[3849,4320,4322],{"id":4321},"anycast-багато-фізичних-серверів","Anycast: багато фізичних серверів",[3854,4324,4325,4326,4329,4330,4333],{},"Кожен з 13 логічних root серверів насправді — це ",[3779,4327,4328],{},"сотні фізичних серверів"," по всьому світу через ",[3779,4331,4332],{},"Anycast"," (одна IP-адреса, багато серверів).",[3854,4335,4336],{},[3779,4337,3936,4338,3860],{},[3790,4339,4340],{},"a.root-servers.net",[3862,4342,4345],{"className":4343,"code":4344,"language":3867},[3865],"IPv4: 198.41.0.4\nIPv6: 2001:503:ba3e::2:30\n\nФізичні локації: 100+ дата-центрів по всьому світу\n",[3790,4346,4344],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4348,4349,4350,4353,4354,4357],{},"Коли ви надсилаєте запит до ",[3790,4351,4352],{},"198.41.0.4",", він автоматично направляється до ",[3779,4355,4356],{},"найближчого"," фізичного сервера через маршрутизацію Anycast.",[3854,4359,4360],{},[3779,4361,4362],{},"Переваги Anycast:",[3746,4364,4365,4368,4371],{},[3749,4366,4367],{},"Низька затримка (запит йде до найближчого сервера)",[3749,4369,4370],{},"Відмовостійкість (якщо один сервер падає, трафік йде до іншого)",[3749,4372,4373],{},"Розподіл навантаження",[3854,4375,4376],{},[4274,4377],{"alt":4378,"className":4379,"src":4380},"Глобальне географічне розташування екземплярів кореневих серверів DNS Anycast",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F02.png",[3849,4382,4384],{"id":4383},"що-знають-root-серверів","Що знають root серверів",[3854,4386,4387,4388,4106],{},"Root серверів НЕ знають IP-адреси всіх доменів у світі. Вони знають тільки ",[3779,4389,4390],{},"TLD name servers",[3854,4392,4393],{},[3779,4394,4395],{},"Приклад запиту до root:",[3862,4397,4400],{"className":4398,"code":4399,"language":3867},[3865],"Запит: \"Де знайти www.example.com?\"\nВідповідь root: \"Запитай TLD сервери для .com:\n  a.gtld-servers.net (192.5.6.30)\n  b.gtld-servers.net (192.33.14.30)\n  ...\"\n",[3790,4401,4399],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3841,4403],{},[3844,4405,4407],{"id":4406},"tld-name-servers","TLD Name Servers",[3854,4409,4410,4412],{},[3779,4411,4390],{}," знають, де знайти authoritative name servers для доменів другого рівня.",[3849,4414,4416],{"id":4415},"типи-tld","Типи TLD",[4418,4419,4421],"h4",{"id":4420},"_1-generic-tld-gtld","1. Generic TLD (gTLD)",[3854,4423,4424],{},[3779,4425,4426],{},"Оригінальні gTLD (з 1985):",[3862,4428,4431],{"className":4429,"code":4430,"language":3867},[3865],".com — комерційні (найпопулярніший, 150+ млн доменів)\n.org — організації\n.net — мережеві провайдери\n.edu — освітні установи (США)\n.gov — урядові установи (США)\n.mil — військові (США)\n.int — міжнародні організації\n",[3790,4432,4430],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4434,4435],{},[3779,4436,4437],{},"New gTLD (з 2013):",[3862,4439,4442],{"className":4440,"code":4441,"language":3867},[3865],".app — застосунки (Google)\n.dev — розробники (Google)\n.blog — блоги\n.shop — інтернет-магазини\n.tech — технології\n.io — популярний серед стартапів (British Indian Ocean Territory ccTLD)\n",[3790,4443,4441],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4418,4445,4447],{"id":4446},"_2-country-code-tld-cctld","2. Country Code TLD (ccTLD)",[3854,4449,4450],{},"Двобуквені коди країн відповідно до ISO 3166:",[3862,4452,4455],{"className":4453,"code":4454,"language":3867},[3865],".ua — Україна\n.us — США\n.uk — Велика Британія (технічно .gb, але .uk використовується)\n.de — Німеччина (Deutschland)\n.fr — Франція (France)\n.jp — Японія (Japan)\n.cn — Китай\n.ru — Росія\n",[3790,4456,4454],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4458,4459],{},[3779,4460,4461],{},"Спеціальні ccTLD:",[3862,4463,4466],{"className":4464,"code":4465,"language":3867},[3865],".tv — Тувалу (продається для відео-сайтів)\n.io — Британська територія в Індійському океані (популярна для стартапів)\n.me — Чорногорія (Montenegro) (популярна для особистих сайтів)\n.ai — Ангілья (популярна для AI-компаній)\n",[3790,4467,4465],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4418,4469,4471],{"id":4470},"_3-sponsored-tld-stld","3. Sponsored TLD (sTLD)",[3854,4473,4474],{},"TLD з спеціальними вимогами:",[3862,4476,4479],{"className":4477,"code":4478,"language":3867},[3865],".aero — авіаційна індустрія\n.museum — музеї\n.coop — кооперативи\n.travel — туристична індустрія\n",[3790,4480,4478],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,4482,4484],{"id":4483},"хто-управляє-tld","Хто управляє TLD",[3854,4486,4487,4490],{},[3779,4488,4489],{},"ICANN"," (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) — некомерційна організація, що координує DNS та розподіл TLD.",[3854,4492,4493,4496],{},[3779,4494,4495],{},"Registry operators"," управляють конкретними TLD:",[3862,4498,4501],{"className":4499,"code":4500,"language":3867},[3865],".com, .net — Verisign\n.org — Public Interest Registry (PIR)\n.ua — Українська Асоціація Інтернет Провайдерів (UA-IX)\n.app, .dev — Google Registry\n",[3790,4502,4500],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4504,4505,4508],{},[3779,4506,4507],{},"Registrars"," (реєстратори) — компанії, через які користувачі реєструють домени:",[3862,4510,4513],{"className":4511,"code":4512,"language":3867},[3865],"GoDaddy, Namecheap, Google Domains, Cloudflare Registrar тощо\n",[3790,4514,4512],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3841,4516],{},[3844,4518,4520],{"id":4519},"authoritative-name-servers","Authoritative Name Servers",[3854,4522,4523,4526,4527,4530],{},[3779,4524,4525],{},"Authoritative name servers"," — це офіційні DNS-сервери, що володіють ",[3779,4528,4529],{},"zone file"," (файлом зони) для конкретного домену.",[3849,4532,4534],{"id":4533},"що-таке-zone-file","Що таке Zone File",[3854,4536,4537,4540],{},[3779,4538,4539],{},"Zone file"," — це текстовий файл з DNS-записами для домену.",[3854,4542,4543],{},[3779,4544,4545,4546,3860],{},"Приклад zone file для ",[3790,4547,4210],{},[3862,4549,4553],{"className":4550,"code":4551,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"language-dns shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","$ORIGIN example.com.\n$TTL 86400    ; 24 години за замовчуванням\n\n; SOA запис (Start of Authority)\n@       IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (\n                        2024010101  ; Serial (YYYYMMDDNN)\n                        3600        ; Refresh (1 година)\n                        1800        ; Retry (30 хвилин)\n                        604800      ; Expire (7 днів)\n                        86400       ; Minimum TTL (24 години)\n                        )\n\n; NS записи (Name Servers)\n@       IN      NS      ns1.example.com.\n@       IN      NS      ns2.example.com.\n\n; A записи (IPv4)\n@       IN      A       93.184.216.34\nwww     IN      A       93.184.216.34\nmail    IN      A       93.184.216.35\n\n; AAAA записи (IPv6)\n@       IN      AAAA    2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946\n\n; CNAME записи (Alias)\nftp     IN      CNAME   www.example.com.\nblog    IN      CNAME   hosting-provider.com.\n\n; MX записи (Mail Exchange)\n@       IN      MX      10 mail.example.com.\n@       IN      MX      20 mail2.example.com.\n\n; TXT записи (Text)\n@       IN      TXT     \"v=spf1 include:_spf.example.com ~all\"\n_dmarc  IN      TXT     \"v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com\"\n","dns",[3790,4554,4555,4563,4569,4576,4582,4588,4594,4600,4606,4612,4618,4624,4629,4635,4641,4647,4652,4658,4664,4670,4676,4681,4687,4693,4698,4704,4710,4716,4721,4727,4733,4739,4744,4750,4756],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4557,4560],"span",{"class":4558,"line":4559},"line",1,[4556,4561,4562],{},"$ORIGIN example.com.\n",[4556,4564,4566],{"class":4558,"line":4565},2,[4556,4567,4568],{},"$TTL 86400    ; 24 години за замовчуванням\n",[4556,4570,4572],{"class":4558,"line":4571},3,[4556,4573,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},true,"\n",[4556,4577,4579],{"class":4558,"line":4578},4,[4556,4580,4581],{},"; SOA запис (Start of Authority)\n",[4556,4583,4585],{"class":4558,"line":4584},5,[4556,4586,4587],{},"@       IN      SOA     ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (\n",[4556,4589,4591],{"class":4558,"line":4590},6,[4556,4592,4593],{},"                        2024010101  ; Serial (YYYYMMDDNN)\n",[4556,4595,4597],{"class":4558,"line":4596},7,[4556,4598,4599],{},"                        3600        ; Refresh (1 година)\n",[4556,4601,4603],{"class":4558,"line":4602},8,[4556,4604,4605],{},"                        1800        ; Retry (30 хвилин)\n",[4556,4607,4609],{"class":4558,"line":4608},9,[4556,4610,4611],{},"                        604800      ; Expire (7 днів)\n",[4556,4613,4615],{"class":4558,"line":4614},10,[4556,4616,4617],{},"                        86400       ; Minimum TTL (24 години)\n",[4556,4619,4621],{"class":4558,"line":4620},11,[4556,4622,4623],{},"                        )\n",[4556,4625,4627],{"class":4558,"line":4626},12,[4556,4628,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4630,4632],{"class":4558,"line":4631},13,[4556,4633,4634],{},"; NS записи (Name Servers)\n",[4556,4636,4638],{"class":4558,"line":4637},14,[4556,4639,4640],{},"@       IN      NS      ns1.example.com.\n",[4556,4642,4644],{"class":4558,"line":4643},15,[4556,4645,4646],{},"@       IN      NS      ns2.example.com.\n",[4556,4648,4650],{"class":4558,"line":4649},16,[4556,4651,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4653,4655],{"class":4558,"line":4654},17,[4556,4656,4657],{},"; A записи (IPv4)\n",[4556,4659,4661],{"class":4558,"line":4660},18,[4556,4662,4663],{},"@       IN      A       93.184.216.34\n",[4556,4665,4667],{"class":4558,"line":4666},19,[4556,4668,4669],{},"www     IN      A       93.184.216.34\n",[4556,4671,4673],{"class":4558,"line":4672},20,[4556,4674,4675],{},"mail    IN      A       93.184.216.35\n",[4556,4677,4679],{"class":4558,"line":4678},21,[4556,4680,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4682,4684],{"class":4558,"line":4683},22,[4556,4685,4686],{},"; AAAA записи (IPv6)\n",[4556,4688,4690],{"class":4558,"line":4689},23,[4556,4691,4692],{},"@       IN      AAAA    2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946\n",[4556,4694,4696],{"class":4558,"line":4695},24,[4556,4697,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4699,4701],{"class":4558,"line":4700},25,[4556,4702,4703],{},"; CNAME записи (Alias)\n",[4556,4705,4707],{"class":4558,"line":4706},26,[4556,4708,4709],{},"ftp     IN      CNAME   www.example.com.\n",[4556,4711,4713],{"class":4558,"line":4712},27,[4556,4714,4715],{},"blog    IN      CNAME   hosting-provider.com.\n",[4556,4717,4719],{"class":4558,"line":4718},28,[4556,4720,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4722,4724],{"class":4558,"line":4723},29,[4556,4725,4726],{},"; MX записи (Mail Exchange)\n",[4556,4728,4730],{"class":4558,"line":4729},30,[4556,4731,4732],{},"@       IN      MX      10 mail.example.com.\n",[4556,4734,4736],{"class":4558,"line":4735},31,[4556,4737,4738],{},"@       IN      MX      20 mail2.example.com.\n",[4556,4740,4742],{"class":4558,"line":4741},32,[4556,4743,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,4745,4747],{"class":4558,"line":4746},33,[4556,4748,4749],{},"; TXT записи (Text)\n",[4556,4751,4753],{"class":4558,"line":4752},34,[4556,4754,4755],{},"@       IN      TXT     \"v=spf1 include:_spf.example.com ~all\"\n",[4556,4757,4759],{"class":4558,"line":4758},35,[4556,4760,4761],{},"_dmarc  IN      TXT     \"v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com\"\n",[3854,4763,4764],{},[4274,4765],{"alt":4766,"className":4767,"src":4768},"Структура ресурсних записів у файлі зони DNS (Zone File)",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F03.png",[3849,4770,4772],{"id":4771},"primary-vs-secondary-name-servers","Primary vs Secondary Name Servers",[3854,4774,4775],{},[3779,4776,4777],{},"Primary (Master) NS:",[3746,4779,4780,4783,4786],{},[3749,4781,4782],{},"Містить оригінальний zone file",[3749,4784,4785],{},"Зміни робляться тут",[3749,4787,4788,4789],{},"Зазвичай ",[3790,4790,4791],{},"ns1.example.com",[3854,4793,4794],{},[3779,4795,4796],{},"Secondary (Slave) NS:",[3746,4798,4799,4806,4809],{},[3749,4800,4801,4802,4805],{},"Отримує копію zone file з primary через ",[3779,4803,4804],{},"zone transfer"," (AXFR\u002FIXFR)",[3749,4807,4808],{},"Надає відмовостійкість",[3749,4810,4788,4811,3803,4814],{},[3790,4812,4813],{},"ns2.example.com",[3790,4815,4816],{},"ns3.example.com",[3854,4818,4819],{},[3779,4820,4821],{},"Як працює zone transfer:",[3862,4823,4826],{"className":4824,"code":4825,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Secondary періодично запитує Primary (відповідно до SOA Refresh)\n2. Порівнює Serial number у SOA\n3. Якщо Serial збільшився → запитує повний zone transfer (AXFR)\n   або інкрементальний (IXFR — тільки зміни)\n4. Оновлює свою копію zone file\n",[3790,4827,4825],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3841,4829],{},[3844,4831,4833],{"id":4832},"типи-dns-записів","Типи DNS-записів",[3854,4835,4836],{},"DNS підтримує багато типів записів (resource records), кожен з яких має специфічне призначення.",[3849,4838,4840],{"id":4839},"_1-a-address-ipv4-адреса","1. A (Address) — IPv4 адреса",[3854,4842,4843,4846],{},[3779,4844,4845],{},"Призначення:"," Переклад доменного імені у IPv4-адресу.",[3854,4848,4849],{},[3779,4850,4851],{},"Формат:",[3862,4853,4855],{"className":4550,"code":4854,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    A    93.184.216.34\nwww.example.com. IN   A    93.184.216.34\n",[3790,4856,4857,4862],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4858,4859],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,4860,4861],{},"example.com.    IN    A    93.184.216.34\n",[4556,4863,4864],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,4865,4866],{},"www.example.com. IN   A    93.184.216.34\n",[3854,4868,4869],{},[3779,4870,4871],{},"Використання:",[3746,4873,4874,4877],{},[3749,4875,4876],{},"Основний запис для доступу до вебсайтів",[3749,4878,4879],{},"Можна мати кілька A записів для балансування навантаження (Round-Robin DNS)",[3854,4881,4882],{},[3779,4883,4884],{},"Приклад з кількома A записами:",[3862,4886,4888],{"className":4550,"code":4887,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.1\nexample.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.2\nexample.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.3\n",[3790,4889,4890,4895,4900],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4891,4892],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,4893,4894],{},"example.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.1\n",[4556,4896,4897],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,4898,4899],{},"example.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.2\n",[4556,4901,4902],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,4903,4904],{},"example.com.    IN    A    192.0.2.3\n",[3854,4906,4907],{},"DNS-сервер повертає всі три, клієнт вибирає випадково (або за порядком).",[3849,4909,4911],{"id":4910},"_2-aaaa-ipv6-address","2. AAAA (IPv6 Address)",[3854,4913,4914,4916],{},[3779,4915,4845],{}," Переклад доменного імені у IPv6-адресу.",[3854,4918,4919],{},[3779,4920,4851],{},[3862,4922,4924],{"className":4550,"code":4923,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    AAAA    2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946\n",[3790,4925,4926],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4927,4928],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,4929,4923],{},[3854,4931,4932,4935],{},[3779,4933,4934],{},"Чому \"AAAA\"?"," IPv6 адреса у 4 рази довша за IPv4 (128 біт проти 32 біт), тому \"AAAA\" = A × 4.",[3854,4937,4938,4941],{},[3779,4939,4940],{},"Dual-stack:"," Домени часто мають і A, і AAAA записи для підтримки IPv4 та IPv6 клієнтів.",[3849,4943,4945],{"id":4944},"_3-cname-canonical-name-alias","3. CNAME (Canonical Name) — Alias",[3854,4947,4948,4950],{},[3779,4949,4845],{}," Створює псевдонім (alias) для іншого доменного імені.",[3854,4952,4953],{},[3779,4954,4851],{},[3862,4956,4958],{"className":4550,"code":4957,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"www.example.com.    IN    CNAME    example.com.\nftp.example.com.    IN    CNAME    files.hosting.com.\n",[3790,4959,4960,4965],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4961,4962],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,4963,4964],{},"www.example.com.    IN    CNAME    example.com.\n",[4556,4966,4967],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,4968,4969],{},"ftp.example.com.    IN    CNAME    files.hosting.com.\n",[3854,4971,4972],{},[3779,4973,4974],{},"Як працює:",[3862,4976,4979],{"className":4977,"code":4978,"language":3867},[3865],"Запит: www.example.com\n  ↓\nDNS: \"www.example.com це CNAME для example.com\"\n  ↓\nЗапит: example.com\n  ↓\nDNS: \"example.com = 93.184.216.34\"\n  ↓\nРезультат: 93.184.216.34\n",[3790,4980,4978],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,4982,4983],{},[3779,4984,4985],{},"Обмеження CNAME:",[3746,4987,4988,5004],{},[3749,4989,4990,4991,5000,5003],{},"НЕ може існувати на рівні root домену (apex)",[3862,4992,4994],{"className":4550,"code":4993,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    CNAME    other.com.    ❌ Заборонено!\n",[3790,4995,4996],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,4997,4998],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,4999,4993],{},[5001,5002],"br",{},"Причина: SOA та NS записи повинні існувати на apex, а CNAME виключає інші записи.",[3749,5005,5006,5007],{},"НЕ може співіснувати з іншими записами того самого імені",[3862,5008,5010],{"className":4550,"code":5009,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"www.example.com.    IN    CNAME    example.com.\nwww.example.com.    IN    A        93.184.216.34    ❌ Конфлікт!\n",[3790,5011,5012,5016],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5013,5014],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5015,4964],{},[4556,5017,5018],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5019,5020],{},"www.example.com.    IN    A        93.184.216.34    ❌ Конфлікт!\n",[3854,5022,5023],{},[3779,5024,4871],{},[3746,5026,5027,5033,5036],{},[3749,5028,5029,5030],{},"Піддомени, що вказують на CDN: ",[3790,5031,5032],{},"cdn.example.com CNAME xyz.cloudfront.net",[3749,5034,5035],{},"Редирект між доменами",[3749,5037,5038],{},"Спрощення управління (змінюєте A запис в одному місці, всі CNAME автоматично оновлюються)",[3849,5040,5042],{"id":5041},"_4-mx-mail-exchange-поштові-сервери","4. MX (Mail Exchange) — Поштові сервери",[3854,5044,5045,5047],{},[3779,5046,4845],{}," Вказує поштові сервери для домену.",[3854,5049,5050],{},[3779,5051,4851],{},[3862,5053,5055],{"className":4550,"code":5054,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    MX    10 mail1.example.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    20 mail2.example.com.\n",[3790,5056,5057,5062],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5058,5059],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5060,5061],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    10 mail1.example.com.\n",[4556,5063,5064],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5065,5066],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    20 mail2.example.com.\n",[3854,5068,5069,5072],{},[3779,5070,5071],{},"Priority (пріоритет):"," Число перед ім'ям сервера. Менше число = вищий пріоритет.",[3854,5074,5075],{},[3779,5076,5077,5078,3860],{},"Як працює надсилання email до ",[3790,5079,5080],{},"user@example.com",[3862,5082,5085],{"className":5083,"code":5084,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Поштовий сервер запитує MX записи для example.com\n2. Отримує:\n   - mail1.example.com (priority 10)\n   - mail2.example.com (priority 20)\n3. Намагається з'єднатися з mail1.example.com (вищий пріоритет)\n4. Якщо mail1 недоступний → пробує mail2.example.com\n",[3790,5086,5084],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,5088,5089,5092,5093,5096],{},[3779,5090,5091],{},"Важливо:"," MX запис вказує на ",[3779,5094,5095],{},"доменне ім'я",", а не на IP. Потім виконується додатковий запит для A\u002FAAAA запису поштового сервера.",[3854,5098,5099],{},[3779,5100,5101],{},"Приклад конфігурації з Gmail:",[3862,5103,5105],{"className":4550,"code":5104,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    MX    1  aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    5  alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    5  alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    10 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    10 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[3790,5106,5107,5112,5117,5122,5127],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5108,5109],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5110,5111],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    1  aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[4556,5113,5114],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5115,5116],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    5  alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[4556,5118,5119],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5120,5121],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    5  alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[4556,5123,5124],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,5125,5126],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    10 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[4556,5128,5129],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,5130,5131],{},"example.com.    IN    MX    10 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.\n",[3849,5133,5135],{"id":5134},"_5-txt-text-текстові-записи","5. TXT (Text) — Текстові записи",[3854,5137,5138,5140],{},[3779,5139,4845],{}," Зберігання довільного тексту. Використовується для різних цілей.",[3854,5142,5143],{},[3779,5144,4851],{},[3862,5146,5148],{"className":4550,"code":5147,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all\"\n",[3790,5149,5150],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5151,5152],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5153,5147],{},[3854,5155,5156],{},[3779,5157,5158],{},"Поширені використання:",[3854,5160,5161],{},[3779,5162,5163],{},"a) SPF (Sender Policy Framework) — захист від підробки email:",[3862,5165,5167],{"className":4550,"code":5166,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=spf1 ip4:93.184.216.0\u002F24 include:_spf.google.com ~all\"\n",[3790,5168,5169],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5170,5171],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5172,5166],{},[3854,5174,5175],{},"Вказує, які сервери мають право надсилати email від імені домену.",[3854,5177,5178],{},[3779,5179,5180],{},"b) DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) — цифровий підпис email:",[3862,5182,5184],{"className":4550,"code":5183,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"default._domainkey.example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSq...\"\n",[3790,5185,5186],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5187,5188],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5189,5183],{},[3854,5191,5192],{},[3779,5193,5194],{},"c) DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication) — політика email:",[3862,5196,5198],{"className":4550,"code":5197,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"_dmarc.example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com\"\n",[3790,5199,5200],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5201,5202],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5203,5197],{},[3854,5205,5206],{},[3779,5207,5208],{},"d) Верифікація домену для сервісів:",[3862,5210,5212],{"className":4550,"code":5211,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    TXT    \"google-site-verification=abc123...\"\n",[3790,5213,5214],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5215,5216],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5217,5211],{},[3854,5219,5220,5223],{},[3779,5221,5222],{},"e) CAA (Certification Authority Authorization) — через TXT (хоча має окремий тип):","\nВказує, які certificate authorities можуть видавати SSL-сертифікати для домену.",[3849,5225,5227],{"id":5226},"_6-ns-name-server","6. NS (Name Server)",[3854,5229,5230,5232],{},[3779,5231,4845],{}," Вказує authoritative name servers для домену або піддомену.",[3854,5234,5235],{},[3779,5236,4851],{},[3862,5238,5240],{"className":4550,"code":5239,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    NS    ns1.example.com.\nexample.com.    IN    NS    ns2.example.com.\n",[3790,5241,5242,5247],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5243,5244],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5245,5246],{},"example.com.    IN    NS    ns1.example.com.\n",[4556,5248,5249],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5250,5251],{},"example.com.    IN    NS    ns2.example.com.\n",[3854,5253,5254],{},[3779,5255,5256],{},"Делегування піддомену:",[3862,5258,5260],{"className":4550,"code":5259,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"subdomain.example.com.    IN    NS    ns1.hosting-provider.com.\nsubdomain.example.com.    IN    NS    ns2.hosting-provider.com.\n",[3790,5261,5262,5267],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5263,5264],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5265,5266],{},"subdomain.example.com.    IN    NS    ns1.hosting-provider.com.\n",[4556,5268,5269],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5270,5271],{},"subdomain.example.com.    IN    NS    ns2.hosting-provider.com.\n",[3854,5273,5274,5275,5278],{},"Тепер ",[3790,5276,5277],{},"subdomain.example.com"," управляється окремими name servers.",[3849,5280,5282],{"id":5281},"_7-soa-start-of-authority","7. SOA (Start of Authority)",[3854,5284,5285,5287],{},[3779,5286,4845],{}," Містить адміністративну інформацію про зону.",[3854,5289,5290],{},[3779,5291,4851],{},[3862,5293,5295],{"className":4550,"code":5294,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (\n                             2024010101  ; Serial\n                             3600        ; Refresh\n                             1800        ; Retry\n                             604800      ; Expire\n                             86400       ; Minimum TTL\n                             )\n",[3790,5296,5297,5302,5307,5312,5317,5322,5327],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5298,5299],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5300,5301],{},"example.com.    IN    SOA    ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. (\n",[4556,5303,5304],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5305,5306],{},"                             2024010101  ; Serial\n",[4556,5308,5309],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5310,5311],{},"                             3600        ; Refresh\n",[4556,5313,5314],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,5315,5316],{},"                             1800        ; Retry\n",[4556,5318,5319],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,5320,5321],{},"                             604800      ; Expire\n",[4556,5323,5324],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,5325,5326],{},"                             86400       ; Minimum TTL\n",[4556,5328,5329],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,5330,5331],{},"                             )\n",[3854,5333,5334],{},[3779,5335,5336],{},"Поля:",[3746,5338,5339,5347,5362,5372,5378,5384,5390],{},[3749,5340,5341,3923,5344,5346],{},[3779,5342,5343],{},"Primary NS:",[3790,5345,4791],{}," — primary name server",[3749,5348,5349,3923,5352,5355,5356,5358,5359],{},[3779,5350,5351],{},"Admin email:",[3790,5353,5354],{},"admin.example.com."," — email адміністратора (@ замінено на ",[3790,5357,4106],{},")\nРеальний email: ",[3790,5360,5361],{},"admin@example.com",[3749,5363,5364,5367,5368,5371],{},[3779,5365,5366],{},"Serial:"," Номер версії zone file (зазвичай ",[3790,5369,5370],{},"YYYYMMDDNN","). Збільшується при кожній зміні.",[3749,5373,5374,5377],{},[3779,5375,5376],{},"Refresh:"," Як часто secondary NS перевіряє оновлення (3600 с = 1 год)",[3749,5379,5380,5383],{},[3779,5381,5382],{},"Retry:"," Якщо refresh невдалий, як довго чекати перед повтором (1800 с = 30 хв)",[3749,5385,5386,5389],{},[3779,5387,5388],{},"Expire:"," Якщо secondary не може зв'язатися з primary, як довго тримати стару копію (604800 с = 7 днів)",[3749,5391,5392,5395],{},[3779,5393,5394],{},"Minimum TTL:"," Мінімальний TTL для негативних відповідей (NXDOMAIN)",[3849,5397,5399],{"id":5398},"_8-ptr-pointer-reverse-dns","8. PTR (Pointer) — Reverse DNS",[3854,5401,5402,5404],{},[3779,5403,4845],{}," Переклад IP-адреси у доменне ім'я (зворотний lookup).",[3854,5406,5407],{},[3779,5408,4851],{},[3862,5410,5412],{"className":4550,"code":5411,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"34.216.184.93.in-addr.arpa.    IN    PTR    example.com.\n",[3790,5413,5414],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5415,5416],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5417,5411],{},[3854,5419,5420],{},[3779,5421,4871],{},[3746,5423,5424,5427,5430],{},[3749,5425,5426],{},"Верифікація поштових серверів (багато серверів перевіряють reverse DNS)",[3749,5428,5429],{},"Логування (показувати доменне ім'я замість IP)",[3749,5431,5432],{},"Діагностика",[3854,5434,5435],{},[3779,5436,5437],{},"Як працює reverse DNS:",[3862,5439,5442],{"className":5440,"code":5441,"language":3867},[3865],"IP: 93.184.216.34\n  ↓ Перевертається та додається .in-addr.arpa\n34.216.184.93.in-addr.arpa.\n  ↓ PTR запит\nexample.com.\n",[3790,5443,5441],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,5445,5446],{},[3779,5447,5448],{},"Для IPv6:",[3862,5450,5453],{"className":5451,"code":5452,"language":3867},[3865],"2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946\n  ↓ Кожна hex цифра окремо, перевернуто, .ip6.arpa\n6.4.9.1.8.c.5.2.3.9.8.1.8.4.2.0.1.0.0.0.0.2.2.0.0.0.8.2.6.0.6.2.ip6.arpa.\n  ↓ PTR запит\nexample.com.\n",[3790,5454,5452],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,5456,5458],{"id":5457},"_9-srv-service-локація-сервісів","9. SRV (Service) — Локація сервісів",[3854,5460,5461,5463],{},[3779,5462,4845],{}," Вказує hostname та port для конкретного сервісу.",[3854,5465,5466],{},[3779,5467,4851],{},[3862,5469,5471],{"className":4550,"code":5470,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"_service._proto.name.    TTL    IN    SRV    priority weight port target.\n\n_xmpp._tcp.example.com.    IN    SRV    10 5 5222 xmpp1.example.com.\n_sip._tcp.example.com.     IN    SRV    10 60 5060 sip.example.com.\n",[3790,5472,5473,5478,5482,5487],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5474,5475],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5476,5477],{},"_service._proto.name.    TTL    IN    SRV    priority weight port target.\n",[4556,5479,5480],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5481,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5483,5484],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5485,5486],{},"_xmpp._tcp.example.com.    IN    SRV    10 5 5222 xmpp1.example.com.\n",[4556,5488,5489],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,5490,5491],{},"_sip._tcp.example.com.     IN    SRV    10 60 5060 sip.example.com.\n",[3854,5493,5494],{},[3779,5495,5336],{},[3746,5497,5498,5504,5510,5516],{},[3749,5499,5500,5503],{},[3779,5501,5502],{},"Priority:"," Пріоритет (як у MX)",[3749,5505,5506,5509],{},[3779,5507,5508],{},"Weight:"," Вага для балансування навантаження між серверами з однаковим пріоритетом",[3749,5511,5512,5515],{},[3779,5513,5514],{},"Port:"," Порт сервісу",[3749,5517,5518,5521],{},[3779,5519,5520],{},"Target:"," Hostname сервера",[3854,5523,5524],{},[3779,5525,4871],{},[3746,5527,5528,5531,5534,5537],{},[3749,5529,5530],{},"VoIP (SIP)",[3749,5532,5533],{},"Instant messaging (XMPP\u002FJabber)",[3749,5535,5536],{},"Minecraft серверів",[3749,5538,5539],{},"Microsoft Active Directory",[3849,5541,5543],{"id":5542},"_10-caa-certification-authority-authorization","10. CAA (Certification Authority Authorization)",[3854,5545,5546,5548],{},[3779,5547,4845],{}," Вказує, які Certificate Authorities можуть видавати SSL-сертифікати.",[3854,5550,5551],{},[3779,5552,4851],{},[3862,5554,5556],{"className":4550,"code":5555,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    IN    CAA    0 issue \"letsencrypt.org\"\nexample.com.    IN    CAA    0 issuewild \"letsencrypt.org\"\nexample.com.    IN    CAA    0 iodef \"mailto:security@example.com\"\n",[3790,5557,5558,5563,5568],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5559,5560],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5561,5562],{},"example.com.    IN    CAA    0 issue \"letsencrypt.org\"\n",[4556,5564,5565],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5566,5567],{},"example.com.    IN    CAA    0 issuewild \"letsencrypt.org\"\n",[4556,5569,5570],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5571,5572],{},"example.com.    IN    CAA    0 iodef \"mailto:security@example.com\"\n",[3854,5574,5575],{},[3779,5576,5577],{},"Flags та Tags:",[3746,5579,5580,5586,5596],{},[3749,5581,5582,5585],{},[3790,5583,5584],{},"issue"," — CA може видавати сертифікат",[3749,5587,5588,5591,5592,5595],{},[3790,5589,5590],{},"issuewild"," — CA може видавати wildcard сертифікат (",[3790,5593,5594],{},"*.example.com",")",[3749,5597,5598,5601],{},[3790,5599,5600],{},"iodef"," — email для повідомлень про порушення",[3854,5603,5604,5607],{},[3779,5605,5606],{},"Безпека:"," Запобігає неавторизованому видачі сертифікатів (phishing, man-in-the-middle).",[3841,5609],{},[3844,5611,5613],{"id":5612},"процес-резолвінгу-dns","Процес резолвінгу DNS",[3854,5615,5616,5617,5619],{},"Коли ви вводите ",[3790,5618,4264],{}," у браузер, відбувається складний процес резолвінгу доменного імені.",[3849,5621,5623],{"id":5622},"рекурсивний-vs-ітеративний-запит","Рекурсивний vs Ітеративний запит",[3854,5625,5626,5629,5630,5633],{},[3779,5627,5628],{},"Рекурсивний запит (Recursive Query):","\nКлієнт надсилає запит DNS-серверу, і сервер ",[3779,5631,5632],{},"робить всю роботу"," від імені клієнта.",[3862,5635,5638],{"className":5636,"code":5637,"language":3867},[3865],"Клієнт → Recursive Resolver: \"Дай мені IP для www.example.com\"\nRecursive Resolver: \"Почекай, я з'ясую...\"\n  → Запитує Root\n  → Запитує TLD\n  → Запитує Authoritative\nRecursive Resolver → Клієнт: \"Ось: 93.184.216.34\"\n",[3790,5639,5637],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,5641,5642,5645,5646,5649],{},[3779,5643,5644],{},"Ітеративний запит (Iterative Query):","\nDNS-сервер повертає ",[3779,5647,5648],{},"найкращу відповідь, яку він має",", але не виконує додаткові запити.",[3862,5651,5654],{"className":5652,"code":5653,"language":3867},[3865],"Recursive Resolver → Root: \"Де www.example.com?\"\nRoot → Recursive Resolver: \"Я не знаю, але запитай .com TLD: a.gtld-servers.net\"\n\nRecursive Resolver → a.gtld-servers.net: \"Де www.example.com?\"\nTLD → Recursive Resolver: \"Я не знаю, але запитай example.com NS: ns1.example.com\"\n\nRecursive Resolver → ns1.example.com: \"Де www.example.com?\"\nAuthoritative → Recursive Resolver: \"www.example.com = 93.184.216.34\"\n",[3790,5655,5653],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,5657,5659],{"id":5658},"повний-процес-резолвінгу-з-кешуванням","Повний процес резолвінгу з кешуванням",[3854,5661,5662],{},[4274,5663],{"alt":5664,"className":5665,"src":5666},"Покрокова схема процесу рекурсивного та ітеративного резолвінгу DNS",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F04.jpeg",[3854,5668,5669],{},[3779,5670,5671],{},"Крок за кроком:",[3862,5673,5676],{"className":5674,"code":5675,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Браузер перевіряє свій кеш\n   → Якщо є і не застарів (TTL) → готово!\n\n2. Операційна система перевіряє свій кеш\n   → Якщо є → готово!\n\n3. ОС перевіряє \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts (або C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts)\n   → Якщо є запис → готово!\n\n4. ОС надсилає запит до налаштованого DNS-сервера (Recursive Resolver)\n   Зазвичай це:\n   - DNS провайдера (наприклад, 8.8.8.8 Google, 1.1.1.1 Cloudflare)\n   - Корпоративний DNS\n\n5. Recursive Resolver перевіряє свій кеш\n   → Якщо є і не застарів → повертає відповідь\n\n6. Recursive Resolver починає ітеративні запити:\n\n   a) Запит до Root Server:\n      Запит: \"Де www.example.com?\"\n      Відповідь: \"Запитай .com TLD: a.gtld-servers.net (192.5.6.30)\"\n\n   b) Запит до TLD Server (.com):\n      Запит: \"Де www.example.com?\"\n      Відповідь: \"Запитай NS для example.com: ns1.example.com (93.184.216.10)\"\n\n   c) Запит до Authoritative Name Server (example.com):\n      Запит: \"Де www.example.com?\"\n      Відповідь: \"www.example.com A 93.184.216.34, TTL=3600\"\n\n7. Recursive Resolver кешує відповідь на 3600 секунд (TTL)\n\n8. Recursive Resolver повертає відповідь клієнту\n\n9. ОС кешує відповідь\n\n10. Браузер кешує відповідь\n\n11. Браузер встановлює TCP-з'єднання з 93.184.216.34:80\n",[3790,5677,5675],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[5679,5680,5682],"plant-uml",{"alt":5681},"DNS Resolution Process",[3862,5683,5687],{"className":5684,"code":5685,"language":5686,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"language-plantuml shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #FFFFFF\n\nparticipant \"Браузер\" as Browser #DBEAFE\nparticipant \"ОС кеш\" as OSCache #E2E8F0\nparticipant \"Recursive\\nResolver\\n(8.8.8.8)\" as Resolver #FEF3C7\nparticipant \"Root\\nServer\" as Root #DCFCE7\nparticipant \".com TLD\\nServer\" as TLD #DCFCE7\nparticipant \"example.com\\nAuthoritative\\nNS\" as Auth #BBF7D0\n\nBrowser -> OSCache : 1. Резолв www.example.com\nnote right of OSCache\n  Перевіряє кеш ОС\n  та \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts\nend note\n\nOSCache -> Resolver : 2. DNS запит\\nwww.example.com?\n\nnote right of Resolver\n  Перевіряє власний кеш\n  Немає → починає ітеративні запити\nend note\n\nResolver -> Root : 3. Де www.example.com?\nRoot -> Resolver : 4. Запитай .com TLD\\na.gtld-servers.net\n\nResolver -> TLD : 5. Де www.example.com?\nTLD -> Resolver : 6. Запитай example.com NS\\nns1.example.com\n\nResolver -> Auth : 7. Де www.example.com?\nAuth -> Resolver : 8. www.example.com\\nA 93.184.216.34\\nTTL=3600\n\nnote right of Resolver\n  Кешує відповідь\n  на 3600 секунд\nend note\n\nResolver -> OSCache : 9. 93.184.216.34\nOSCache -> Browser : 10. 93.184.216.34\n\nnote right of Browser\n  Браузер кешує\n  та встановлює\n  TCP-з'єднання\nend note\n\n@enduml\n","plantuml",[3790,5688,5689,5694,5699,5704,5708,5713,5718,5723,5728,5733,5738,5742,5747,5752,5757,5762,5767,5771,5776,5780,5785,5790,5795,5799,5803,5808,5813,5817,5822,5827,5831,5836,5841,5845,5849,5854,5860,5865,5870,5876,5882,5887,5893,5899,5905,5911,5916,5921],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5690,5691],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5692,5693],{},"@startuml\n",[4556,5695,5696],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5697,5698],{},"skinparam style plain\n",[4556,5700,5701],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5702,5703],{},"skinparam backgroundColor #FFFFFF\n",[4556,5705,5706],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,5707,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5709,5710],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,5711,5712],{},"participant \"Браузер\" as Browser #DBEAFE\n",[4556,5714,5715],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,5716,5717],{},"participant \"ОС кеш\" as OSCache #E2E8F0\n",[4556,5719,5720],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,5721,5722],{},"participant \"Recursive\\nResolver\\n(8.8.8.8)\" as Resolver #FEF3C7\n",[4556,5724,5725],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,5726,5727],{},"participant \"Root\\nServer\" as Root #DCFCE7\n",[4556,5729,5730],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,5731,5732],{},"participant \".com TLD\\nServer\" as TLD #DCFCE7\n",[4556,5734,5735],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,5736,5737],{},"participant \"example.com\\nAuthoritative\\nNS\" as Auth #BBF7D0\n",[4556,5739,5740],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,5741,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5743,5744],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,5745,5746],{},"Browser -> OSCache : 1. Резолв www.example.com\n",[4556,5748,5749],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,5750,5751],{},"note right of OSCache\n",[4556,5753,5754],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,5755,5756],{},"  Перевіряє кеш ОС\n",[4556,5758,5759],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,5760,5761],{},"  та \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts\n",[4556,5763,5764],{"class":4558,"line":4649},[4556,5765,5766],{},"end note\n",[4556,5768,5769],{"class":4558,"line":4654},[4556,5770,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5772,5773],{"class":4558,"line":4660},[4556,5774,5775],{},"OSCache -> Resolver : 2. DNS запит\\nwww.example.com?\n",[4556,5777,5778],{"class":4558,"line":4666},[4556,5779,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5781,5782],{"class":4558,"line":4672},[4556,5783,5784],{},"note right of Resolver\n",[4556,5786,5787],{"class":4558,"line":4678},[4556,5788,5789],{},"  Перевіряє власний кеш\n",[4556,5791,5792],{"class":4558,"line":4683},[4556,5793,5794],{},"  Немає → починає ітеративні запити\n",[4556,5796,5797],{"class":4558,"line":4689},[4556,5798,5766],{},[4556,5800,5801],{"class":4558,"line":4695},[4556,5802,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5804,5805],{"class":4558,"line":4700},[4556,5806,5807],{},"Resolver -> Root : 3. Де www.example.com?\n",[4556,5809,5810],{"class":4558,"line":4706},[4556,5811,5812],{},"Root -> Resolver : 4. Запитай .com TLD\\na.gtld-servers.net\n",[4556,5814,5815],{"class":4558,"line":4712},[4556,5816,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5818,5819],{"class":4558,"line":4718},[4556,5820,5821],{},"Resolver -> TLD : 5. Де www.example.com?\n",[4556,5823,5824],{"class":4558,"line":4723},[4556,5825,5826],{},"TLD -> Resolver : 6. Запитай example.com NS\\nns1.example.com\n",[4556,5828,5829],{"class":4558,"line":4729},[4556,5830,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5832,5833],{"class":4558,"line":4735},[4556,5834,5835],{},"Resolver -> Auth : 7. Де www.example.com?\n",[4556,5837,5838],{"class":4558,"line":4741},[4556,5839,5840],{},"Auth -> Resolver : 8. www.example.com\\nA 93.184.216.34\\nTTL=3600\n",[4556,5842,5843],{"class":4558,"line":4746},[4556,5844,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5846,5847],{"class":4558,"line":4752},[4556,5848,5784],{},[4556,5850,5851],{"class":4558,"line":4758},[4556,5852,5853],{},"  Кешує відповідь\n",[4556,5855,5857],{"class":4558,"line":5856},36,[4556,5858,5859],{},"  на 3600 секунд\n",[4556,5861,5863],{"class":4558,"line":5862},37,[4556,5864,5766],{},[4556,5866,5868],{"class":4558,"line":5867},38,[4556,5869,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5871,5873],{"class":4558,"line":5872},39,[4556,5874,5875],{},"Resolver -> OSCache : 9. 93.184.216.34\n",[4556,5877,5879],{"class":4558,"line":5878},40,[4556,5880,5881],{},"OSCache -> Browser : 10. 93.184.216.34\n",[4556,5883,5885],{"class":4558,"line":5884},41,[4556,5886,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5888,5890],{"class":4558,"line":5889},42,[4556,5891,5892],{},"note right of Browser\n",[4556,5894,5896],{"class":4558,"line":5895},43,[4556,5897,5898],{},"  Браузер кешує\n",[4556,5900,5902],{"class":4558,"line":5901},44,[4556,5903,5904],{},"  та встановлює\n",[4556,5906,5908],{"class":4558,"line":5907},45,[4556,5909,5910],{},"  TCP-з'єднання\n",[4556,5912,5914],{"class":4558,"line":5913},46,[4556,5915,5766],{},[4556,5917,5919],{"class":4558,"line":5918},47,[4556,5920,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,5922,5924],{"class":4558,"line":5923},48,[4556,5925,5926],{},"@enduml\n",[3841,5928],{},[3844,5930,5932],{"id":5931},"ttl-та-кешування","TTL та кешування",[3854,5934,5935,5938],{},[3779,5936,5937],{},"TTL (Time To Live)"," визначає, скільки часу DNS-запис може зберігатися у кеші перед тим, як стати застарілим.",[3849,5940,5942],{"id":5941},"як-працює-ttl","Як працює TTL",[3854,5944,5945],{},"Кожен DNS-запис має TTL (у секундах):",[3862,5947,5949],{"className":4550,"code":5948,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"www.example.com.    3600    IN    A    93.184.216.34\n                     │\n                     └─ TTL = 3600 секунд (1 година)\n",[3790,5950,5951,5956,5961],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,5952,5953],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,5954,5955],{},"www.example.com.    3600    IN    A    93.184.216.34\n",[4556,5957,5958],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,5959,5960],{},"                     │\n",[4556,5962,5963],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,5964,5965],{},"                     └─ TTL = 3600 секунд (1 година)\n",[3854,5967,5968],{},[3779,5969,5970],{},"Процес:",[3862,5972,5975],{"className":5973,"code":5974,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Resolver запитує DNS-запис\n2. Authoritative NS відповідає з TTL=3600\n3. Resolver кешує запис на 3600 секунд\n4. Наступні запити протягом 1 години → відповідь з кешу (швидко!)\n5. Через 3600 секунд запис застаріває\n6. Наступний запит → знову запитує Authoritative NS\n",[3790,5976,5974],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,5978,5980],{"id":5979},"рівні-кешування","Рівні кешування",[3854,5982,5983,5984,3860],{},"DNS-записи кешуються на ",[3779,5985,5986],{},"кількох рівнях",[3862,5988,5991],{"className":5989,"code":5990,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Браузер                → Кеш на 60 секунд (зазвичай)\n2. Операційна система     → Кеш на TTL (контролюється DNS)\n3. Recursive Resolver     → Кеш на TTL\n4. ISP DNS сервери        → Кеш на TTL\n",[3790,5992,5990],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,5994,5995],{},[4274,5996],{"alt":5997,"className":5998,"src":5999},"Рівні кешування DNS: браузер, операційна система, роутер та рекурсивний резолвер",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F05.png",[3854,6001,6002],{},[3779,6003,6004],{},"Приклад затримки поширення змін:",[3862,6006,6009],{"className":6007,"code":6008,"language":3867},[3865],"Ви змінили A запис:\n  example.com.    300    IN    A    192.0.2.1  (старий)\n                                     ↓\n  example.com.    300    IN    A    203.0.113.5  (новий)\n\nЧерез скільки всі побачать зміну?\n  - Максимум: TTL + час поширення до всіх resolver\n  - У цьому випадку: 300 секунд (5 хвилин)\n  - Але: якщо хтось запитав за 1 секунду до зміни,\n    він бачитиме старий запис ще 299 секунд\n",[3790,6010,6008],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,6012,6014],{"id":6013},"вибір-правильного-ttl","Вибір правильного TTL",[3854,6016,6017],{},[3779,6018,6019],{},"Короткий TTL (60-300 секунд):",[3862,6021,6024],{"className":6022,"code":6023,"language":3867},[3865],"✓ Швидке поширення змін\n✓ Корисно перед міграцією сервера\n✗ Більше навантаження на DNS-сервери\n✗ Повільніше для кінцевих користувачів (частіші запити)\n",[3790,6025,6023],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6027,6028],{},[3779,6029,6030],{},"Довгий TTL (3600-86400 секунд):",[3862,6032,6035],{"className":6033,"code":6034,"language":3867},[3865],"✓ Менше навантаження на DNS\n✓ Швидше для користувачів (кешовані відповіді)\n✗ Повільне поширення змін\n✗ Проблематично при аварійних переключеннях\n",[3790,6036,6034],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6038,6039],{},[3779,6040,6041],{},"Рекомендації:",[3746,6043,6044,6050,6056,6062],{},[3749,6045,6046,6049],{},[3779,6047,6048],{},"Стабільні записи:"," TTL = 86400 (24 години) або більше",[3749,6051,6052,6055],{},[3779,6053,6054],{},"Записи, що можуть змінюватися:"," TTL = 3600 (1 година)",[3749,6057,6058,6061],{},[3779,6059,6060],{},"Перед міграцією:"," Зменшити TTL до 300 (5 хвилин) за 24-48 годин до зміни",[3749,6063,6064,6067],{},[3779,6065,6066],{},"Після міграції:"," Повернути TTL до нормального значення",[3849,6069,6071],{"id":6070},"негативне-кешування-nxdomain","Негативне кешування (NXDOMAIN)",[3854,6073,6074],{},"Коли домен НЕ існує, DNS також кешує цю інформацію.",[3862,6076,6079],{"className":6077,"code":6078,"language":3867},[3865],"Запит: nonexistent.example.com\nВідповідь: NXDOMAIN (домен не існує)\n  → Кешується на Minimum TTL з SOA (зазвичай 300-3600 секунд)\n",[3790,6080,6078],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6082,6083,6086],{},[3779,6084,6085],{},"Проблема:"," Якщо ви створили новий піддомен, деякі resolver можуть ще мати негативний кеш.",[3854,6088,6089,6091],{},[3779,6090,3898],{}," Зачекати, поки негативний кеш застаріє, або очистити кеш вручну.",[3841,6093],{},[3844,6095,6097],{"id":6096},"dns-та-udptcp","DNS та UDP\u002FTCP",[3849,6099,6101],{"id":6100},"чому-dns-використовує-udp","Чому DNS використовує UDP",[3854,6103,6104,6107],{},[3779,6105,6106],{},"За замовчуванням DNS використовує UDP"," на порті 53:",[3854,6109,6110],{},[3779,6111,6112],{},"Причини:",[3951,6114,6115,6127,6133],{},[3749,6116,6117,6120,6121],{},[3779,6118,6119],{},"Швидкість:"," Немає handshake (TCP = 1.5 RTT, UDP = 1 RTT)",[3862,6122,6125],{"className":6123,"code":6124,"language":3867},[3865],"TCP DNS: Handshake (1.5 RTT) + Запит\u002FВідповідь (1 RTT) = 2.5 RTT\nUDP DNS: Запит\u002FВідповідь (1 RTT) = 1 RTT\n",[3790,6126,6124],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3749,6128,6129,6132],{},[3779,6130,6131],{},"Stateless сервер:"," DNS-сервер НЕ тримає стан з'єднань → масштабується краще",[3749,6134,6135,6138],{},[3779,6136,6137],{},"Короткі повідомлення:"," Більшість DNS запитів\u002Fвідповідей \u003C 512 байт",[3854,6140,6141,6144],{},[3779,6142,6143],{},"Обмеження UDP:"," Максимум 512 байт без EDNS0.",[3849,6146,6148],{"id":6147},"коли-dns-використовує-tcp","Коли DNS використовує TCP",[3854,6150,6151,6152,6155],{},"DNS переключається на ",[3779,6153,6154],{},"TCP"," у таких випадках:",[3854,6157,6158],{},[3779,6159,6160],{},"1. Великі відповіді (> 512 байт):",[3862,6162,6165],{"className":6163,"code":6164,"language":3867},[3865],"Запит через UDP → відповідь > 512 байт\nDNS сервер встановлює TC (Truncated) flag\nКлієнт повторює запит через TCP\n",[3790,6166,6164],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6168,6169],{},[3779,6170,6171],{},"Приклади великих відповідей:",[3746,6173,6174,6177,6180],{},[3749,6175,6176],{},"Багато A записів (Round-Robin DNS)",[3749,6178,6179],{},"DNSSEC підписи (додають багато даних)",[3749,6181,6182],{},"Велика кількість MX записів",[3854,6184,6185],{},[3779,6186,6187],{},"2. Zone Transfer (AXFR\u002FIXFR):",[3862,6189,6192],{"className":6190,"code":6191,"language":3867},[3865],"Secondary NS завантажує zone file з Primary NS\n  → Використовує TCP (може бути мегабайти даних)\n",[3790,6193,6191],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6195,6196,6199,6200,6203],{},[3779,6197,6198],{},"3. EDNS0 (Extension Mechanisms for DNS):","\nДозволяє UDP-пакети до ",[3779,6201,6202],{},"4096 байт"," (або більше):",[3862,6205,6207],{"className":4550,"code":6206,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"; EDNS0 псевдо-запис у запиті\n; UDP payload size = 4096\nOPT PSEUDOSECTION:\n; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096\n",[3790,6208,6209,6214,6219,6224],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6210,6211],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6212,6213],{},"; EDNS0 псевдо-запис у запиті\n",[4556,6215,6216],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6217,6218],{},"; UDP payload size = 4096\n",[4556,6220,6221],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6222,6223],{},"OPT PSEUDOSECTION:\n",[4556,6225,6226],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,6227,6228],{},"; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096\n",[3854,6230,6231],{},"Якщо відповідь не вміщається навіть у 4096 байт → TCP.",[3854,6233,6234],{},[3779,6235,6236],{},"Порівняння:",[3862,6238,6241],{"className":6239,"code":6240,"language":3867},[3865],"Класичний DNS: UDP, max 512 байт, TC flag → retry через TCP\nСучасний DNS: UDP з EDNS0, max 4096 байт, рідко потребує TCP\n",[3790,6242,6240],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3841,6244],{},[3844,6246,6248],{"id":6247},"безпека-dns","Безпека DNS",[3849,6250,6252],{"id":6251},"проблеми-безпеки-традиційного-dns","Проблеми безпеки традиційного DNS",[3854,6254,6255],{},[3779,6256,6257],{},"1. Немає шифрування:",[3862,6259,6262],{"className":6260,"code":6261,"language":3867},[3865],"DNS запити\u002Fвідповіді передаються у відкритому вигляді\n→ ISP, уряди, злочинці можуть бачити, які сайти ви відвідуєте\n",[3790,6263,6261],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6265,6266],{},[3779,6267,6268],{},"2. Немає автентифікації:",[3862,6270,6273],{"className":6271,"code":6272,"language":3867},[3865],"Немає гарантії, що відповідь прийшла від легітимного DNS-сервера\n→ Man-in-the-Middle атаки, DNS spoofing\n",[3790,6274,6272],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6276,6277],{},[3779,6278,6279],{},"3. Немає цілісності:",[3862,6281,6284],{"className":6282,"code":6283,"language":3867},[3865],"Відповіді можуть бути модифіковані у русі\n→ Редирект на фішингові сайти\n",[3790,6285,6283],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,6287,6289],{"id":6288},"dns-spoofing-cache-poisoning","DNS Spoofing (Cache Poisoning)",[3854,6291,6292,6295],{},[3779,6293,6294],{},"Сутність атаки:"," Злочинець відправляє фальшиві DNS-відповіді, щоб \"отруїти\" кеш resolver.",[3854,6297,6298],{},[3779,6299,6300],{},"Приклад атаки:",[3862,6302,6305],{"className":6303,"code":6304,"language":3867},[3865],"Жертва → Resolver: \"Де bank.com?\"\n  │\n  ↓ Запит відправлено\n  │\nАтакуючий швидко надсилає багато фальшивих відповідей:\n  \"bank.com A 203.0.113.66\" (IP атакуючого)\n  \"bank.com A 203.0.113.66\" (з різними Transaction ID)\n  ...\n\nResolver отримує фальшиву відповідь РАНІШЕ ніж легітимну\n  → Кешує фальшиву відповідь\n  → Всі наступні запити до bank.com йдуть на фішинговий сайт!\n",[3790,6306,6304],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6308,6309],{},[3779,6310,6311],{},"Захист:",[3854,6313,6314],{},[3779,6315,6316],{},"a) Randomization:",[3746,6318,6319,6326,6332],{},[3749,6320,6321,6322,6325],{},"Випадковий ",[3779,6323,6324],{},"Transaction ID"," (16 біт у DNS заголовку)",[3749,6327,6321,6328,6331],{},[3779,6329,6330],{},"Source Port"," (16 біт додатково)",[3749,6333,6334,6337],{},[3779,6335,6336],{},"0x20 encoding"," (випадкова капіталізація літер у доменному імені)",[3854,6339,6340],{},"Загалом: 2^32 можливих комбінацій → складніше вгадати.",[3854,6342,6343,6346],{},[3779,6344,6345],{},"b) DNSSEC"," (детальніше далі)",[3849,6348,6350],{"id":6349},"dnssec-dns-security-extensions","DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions)",[3854,6352,6353,6356,6357,6360],{},[3779,6354,6355],{},"DNSSEC"," додає ",[3779,6358,6359],{},"цифрові підписи"," до DNS-записів для гарантування автентичності та цілісності.",[3854,6362,6363],{},[3779,6364,4974],{},[3862,6366,6369],{"className":6367,"code":6368,"language":3867},[3865],"1. Кожна DNS-зона має пару ключів (публічний\u002Fприватний)\n2. Zone owner підписує всі DNS-записи приватним ключем\n3. Публічний ключ публікується у DNS (DNSKEY запис)\n4. Клієнт перевіряє підпис публічним ключем\n5. Якщо підпис валідний → запис достовірний\n",[3790,6370,6368],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6372,6373],{},[3779,6374,6375],{},"Нові типи записів:",[3854,6377,6378,6381],{},[3779,6379,6380],{},"RRSIG (Resource Record Signature):","\nЦифровий підпис для DNS-записів.",[3862,6383,6385],{"className":4550,"code":6384,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    3600    IN    A        93.184.216.34\nexample.com.    3600    IN    RRSIG    A 8 2 3600 (\n                                        20240201000000\n                                        20240101000000\n                                        12345 example.com.\n                                        base64EncodedSignature...\n                                        )\n",[3790,6386,6387,6392,6397,6402,6407,6412,6417],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6388,6389],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6390,6391],{},"example.com.    3600    IN    A        93.184.216.34\n",[4556,6393,6394],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6395,6396],{},"example.com.    3600    IN    RRSIG    A 8 2 3600 (\n",[4556,6398,6399],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6400,6401],{},"                                        20240201000000\n",[4556,6403,6404],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,6405,6406],{},"                                        20240101000000\n",[4556,6408,6409],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,6410,6411],{},"                                        12345 example.com.\n",[4556,6413,6414],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,6415,6416],{},"                                        base64EncodedSignature...\n",[4556,6418,6419],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,6420,6421],{},"                                        )\n",[3854,6423,6424,6427],{},[3779,6425,6426],{},"DNSKEY:","\nПублічний ключ зони.",[3862,6429,6431],{"className":4550,"code":6430,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    3600    IN    DNSKEY   256 3 8 (\n                                        base64EncodedPublicKey...\n                                        )\n",[3790,6432,6433,6438,6443],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6434,6435],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6436,6437],{},"example.com.    3600    IN    DNSKEY   256 3 8 (\n",[4556,6439,6440],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6441,6442],{},"                                        base64EncodedPublicKey...\n",[4556,6444,6445],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6446,6421],{},[3854,6448,6449,6452],{},[3779,6450,6451],{},"DS (Delegation Signer):","\nХеш DNSKEY, публікується у батьківській зоні (.com для example.com).",[3862,6454,6456],{"className":4550,"code":6455,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"example.com.    86400   IN    DS       12345 8 2 (\n                                        hexEncodedHash...\n                                        )\n",[3790,6457,6458,6463,6468],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6459,6460],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6461,6462],{},"example.com.    86400   IN    DS       12345 8 2 (\n",[4556,6464,6465],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6466,6467],{},"                                        hexEncodedHash...\n",[4556,6469,6470],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6471,6421],{},[3854,6473,6474],{},[3779,6475,6476],{},"Ланцюг довіри:",[3862,6478,6481],{"className":6479,"code":6480,"language":3867},[3865],". (Root) — підписаний Root Key Signing Key\n  ↓ DS запис у Root для .com\n.com — підписаний ключем .com\n  ↓ DS запис у .com для example.com\nexample.com — підписаний ключем example.com\n  ↓ RRSIG для www.example.com A запису\nwww.example.com A 93.184.216.34 ← валідний запис!\n",[3790,6482,6480],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6484,6485,6488],{},[3779,6486,6487],{},"Переваги DNSSEC:","\n✓ Гарантує автентичність (відповідь від справжнього власника домену)\n✓ Гарантує цілісність (відповідь не модифікована)\n✓ Запобігає cache poisoning",[3854,6490,6491,6494],{},[3779,6492,6493],{},"Недоліки DNSSEC:","\n✗ НЕ шифрує дані (запити\u002Fвідповіді все ще у відкритому вигляді)\n✗ Складніше налаштування\n✗ Збільшує розмір відповідей (RRSIG, DNSKEY додають багато байтів)\n✗ Не широко впроваджено (станом на 2024: ~30% доменів)",[3854,6496,6497],{},[4274,6498],{"alt":6499,"className":6500,"src":6501},"Ієрархічний ланцюг довіри та автентифікації записів у DNSSEC",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F06.png",[3849,6503,6505],{"id":6504},"dns-over-https-doh","DNS over HTTPS (DoH)",[3854,6507,6508,6511,6512,6515],{},[3779,6509,6510],{},"DoH"," — це DNS через HTTPS (порт 443), що ",[3779,6513,6514],{},"шифрує"," DNS-запити\u002Fвідповіді.",[3854,6517,6518],{},[3779,6519,4974],{},[3862,6521,6524],{"className":6522,"code":6523,"language":3867},[3865],"Замість:\n  UDP пакет до 8.8.8.8:53 (незашифрований)\n\nВикористовується:\n  HTTPS запит до https:\u002F\u002Fdns.google\u002Fdns-query (зашифрований)\n",[3790,6525,6523],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6527,6528],{},[3779,6529,6530],{},"Приклад запиту:",[3862,6532,6536],{"className":6533,"code":6534,"language":6535,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"language-http shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","GET \u002Fdns-query?name=example.com&type=A HTTP\u002F2\nHost: dns.google\nAccept: application\u002Fdns-json\n\nВідповідь (JSON):\n{\n  \"Status\": 0,\n  \"TC\": false,\n  \"RD\": true,\n  \"RA\": true,\n  \"AD\": true,\n  \"CD\": false,\n  \"Question\": [\n    {\"name\": \"example.com.\", \"type\": 1}\n  ],\n  \"Answer\": [\n    {\"name\": \"example.com.\", \"type\": 1, \"TTL\": 3600, \"data\": \"93.184.216.34\"}\n  ]\n}\n","http",[3790,6537,6538,6548,6561,6571,6575,6580,6585,6601,6613,6625,6636,6647,6658,6666,6692,6697,6704,6744,6749],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6539,6540,6544],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6541,6543],{"class":6542},"s8xlr","GET",[4556,6545,6547],{"class":6546},"sHH4Y"," \u002Fdns-query?name=example.com&type=A HTTP\u002F2\n",[4556,6549,6550,6554,6557],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6551,6553],{"class":6552},"sKtos","Host",[4556,6555,3860],{"class":6556},"su1O8",[4556,6558,6560],{"class":6559},"sbdoH"," dns.google\n",[4556,6562,6563,6566,6568],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6564,6565],{"class":6552},"Accept",[4556,6567,3860],{"class":6556},[4556,6569,6570],{"class":6559}," application\u002Fdns-json\n",[4556,6572,6573],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,6574,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6576,6577],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,6578,6579],{"class":6546},"Відповідь (JSON):\n",[4556,6581,6582],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,6583,6584],{"class":6546},"{\n",[4556,6586,6587,6591,6594,6598],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,6588,6590],{"class":6589},"sLwNe","  \"Status\"",[4556,6592,6593],{"class":6546},": ",[4556,6595,6597],{"class":6596},"sJj4R","0",[4556,6599,6600],{"class":6546},",\n",[4556,6602,6603,6606,6608,6611],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,6604,6605],{"class":6589},"  \"TC\"",[4556,6607,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6609,6610],{"class":6556},"false",[4556,6612,6600],{"class":6546},[4556,6614,6615,6618,6620,6623],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,6616,6617],{"class":6589},"  \"RD\"",[4556,6619,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6621,6622],{"class":6556},"true",[4556,6624,6600],{"class":6546},[4556,6626,6627,6630,6632,6634],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,6628,6629],{"class":6589},"  \"RA\"",[4556,6631,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6633,6622],{"class":6556},[4556,6635,6600],{"class":6546},[4556,6637,6638,6641,6643,6645],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,6639,6640],{"class":6589},"  \"AD\"",[4556,6642,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6644,6622],{"class":6556},[4556,6646,6600],{"class":6546},[4556,6648,6649,6652,6654,6656],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,6650,6651],{"class":6589},"  \"CD\"",[4556,6653,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6655,6610],{"class":6556},[4556,6657,6600],{"class":6546},[4556,6659,6660,6663],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,6661,6662],{"class":6589},"  \"Question\"",[4556,6664,6665],{"class":6546},": [\n",[4556,6667,6668,6671,6674,6676,6679,6681,6684,6686,6689],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,6669,6670],{"class":6546},"    {",[4556,6672,6673],{"class":6589},"\"name\"",[4556,6675,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6677,6678],{"class":6559},"\"example.com.\"",[4556,6680,3803],{"class":6546},[4556,6682,6683],{"class":6589},"\"type\"",[4556,6685,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6687,6688],{"class":6596},"1",[4556,6690,6691],{"class":6546},"}\n",[4556,6693,6694],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,6695,6696],{"class":6546},"  ],\n",[4556,6698,6699,6702],{"class":4558,"line":4649},[4556,6700,6701],{"class":6589},"  \"Answer\"",[4556,6703,6665],{"class":6546},[4556,6705,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6727,6729,6732,6734,6737,6739,6742],{"class":4558,"line":4654},[4556,6707,6670],{"class":6546},[4556,6709,6673],{"class":6589},[4556,6711,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6713,6678],{"class":6559},[4556,6715,3803],{"class":6546},[4556,6717,6683],{"class":6589},[4556,6719,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6721,6688],{"class":6596},[4556,6723,3803],{"class":6546},[4556,6725,6726],{"class":6589},"\"TTL\"",[4556,6728,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6730,6731],{"class":6596},"3600",[4556,6733,3803],{"class":6546},[4556,6735,6736],{"class":6589},"\"data\"",[4556,6738,6593],{"class":6546},[4556,6740,6741],{"class":6559},"\"93.184.216.34\"",[4556,6743,6691],{"class":6546},[4556,6745,6746],{"class":4558,"line":4660},[4556,6747,6748],{"class":6546},"  ]\n",[4556,6750,6751],{"class":4558,"line":4666},[4556,6752,6691],{"class":6546},[3854,6754,6755,6758],{},[3779,6756,6757],{},"Переваги DoH:","\n✓ Шифрування (ISP не бачить запити)\n✓ Використовує стандартний порт 443 (складніше блокувати)\n✓ Інтегрується з веббраузерами (Firefox, Chrome підтримують)",[3854,6760,6761,6764],{},[3779,6762,6763],{},"Недоліки DoH:","\n✗ Більший overhead (HTTPS handshake, HTTP заголовки)\n✗ Обхід корпоративних DNS-фільтрів (контроверсійно)\n✗ Централізація (більшість користувачів може використовувати 2-3 великі DoH провайдери)",[3854,6766,6767],{},[3779,6768,6769],{},"Популярні DoH провайдери:",[3862,6771,6774],{"className":6772,"code":6773,"language":3867},[3865],"Cloudflare: https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-dns.com\u002Fdns-query (1.1.1.1)\nGoogle:     https:\u002F\u002Fdns.google\u002Fdns-query (8.8.8.8)\nQuad9:      https:\u002F\u002Fdns.quad9.net\u002Fdns-query (9.9.9.9)\n",[3790,6775,6773],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6777,6778],{},[4274,6779],{"alt":6780,"className":6781,"src":6782},"Порівняння відкритого протоколу DNS та шифрованого тунелю DNS over HTTPS (DoH)",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F07.jpg",[3849,6784,6786],{"id":6785},"dns-over-tls-dot","DNS over TLS (DoT)",[3854,6788,6789,6792],{},[3779,6790,6791],{},"DoT"," — це DNS через TLS (порт 853), альтернатива DoH.",[3854,6794,6795],{},[3779,6796,6797],{},"Відмінності від DoH:",[3862,6799,6802],{"className":6800,"code":6801,"language":3867},[3865],"DoH: DNS через HTTPS (порт 443), виглядає як звичайний HTTPS трафік\nDoT: DNS через TLS (порт 853), виділений порт для DNS\n",[3790,6803,6801],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,6805,6806,6809],{},[3779,6807,6808],{},"Переваги DoT:","\n✓ Шифрування (як DoH)\n✓ Менший overhead (немає HTTP, тільки TLS + DNS)\n✓ Легше фільтрувати мережевими адміністраторами (порт 853)",[3854,6811,6812,6815],{},[3779,6813,6814],{},"Недоліки DoT:","\n✗ Легше блокувати (порт 853 специфічний для DNS)\n✗ Менша підтримка у браузерах (більше у ОС та apps)",[3841,6817],{},[3844,6819,6821],{"id":6820},"діагностика-dns","Діагностика DNS",[3849,6823,6825],{"id":6824},"утиліти-командного-рядка","Утиліти командного рядка",[4418,6827,6829],{"id":6828},"_1-nslookup-name-server-lookup","1. nslookup (Name Server Lookup)",[3854,6831,6832],{},[3779,6833,6834],{},"Базове використання:",[3862,6836,6840],{"className":6837,"code":6838,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","# Простий A запит\nnslookup example.com\n\n# Результат:\nServer:         8.8.8.8\nAddress:        8.8.8.8#53\n\nNon-authoritative answer:\nName:   example.com\nAddress: 93.184.216.34\n","bash",[3790,6841,6842,6848,6857,6861,6866,6874,6882,6886,6894,6902],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6843,6844],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6845,6847],{"class":6846},"spJ8K","# Простий A запит\n",[4556,6849,6850,6854],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6851,6853],{"class":6852},"s8Opu","nslookup",[4556,6855,6856],{"class":6559}," example.com\n",[4556,6858,6859],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6860,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6862,6863],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,6864,6865],{"class":6846},"# Результат:\n",[4556,6867,6868,6871],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,6869,6870],{"class":6852},"Server:",[4556,6872,6873],{"class":6596},"         8.8.8.8\n",[4556,6875,6876,6879],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,6877,6878],{"class":6852},"Address:",[4556,6880,6881],{"class":6559},"        8.8.8.8#53\n",[4556,6883,6884],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,6885,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6887,6888,6891],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,6889,6890],{"class":6852},"Non-authoritative",[4556,6892,6893],{"class":6559}," answer:\n",[4556,6895,6896,6899],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,6897,6898],{"class":6852},"Name:",[4556,6900,6901],{"class":6559},"   example.com\n",[4556,6903,6904,6906],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,6905,6878],{"class":6852},[4556,6907,6908],{"class":6596}," 93.184.216.34\n",[3854,6910,6911],{},[3779,6912,6913],{},"Вказати конкретний DNS-сервер:",[3862,6915,6917],{"className":6837,"code":6916,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"nslookup example.com 1.1.1.1\n",[3790,6918,6919],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6920,6921,6923,6926],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6922,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,6924,6925],{"class":6559}," example.com",[4556,6927,6928],{"class":6596}," 1.1.1.1\n",[3854,6930,6931],{},[3779,6932,6933],{},"Запит конкретного типу запису:",[3862,6935,6937],{"className":6837,"code":6936,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# MX записи\nnslookup -type=MX example.com\n\n# NS записи\nnslookup -type=NS example.com\n\n# TXT записи\nnslookup -type=TXT example.com\n\n# Всі записи\nnslookup -type=ANY example.com\n",[3790,6938,6939,6944,6953,6957,6962,6971,6975,6980,6989,6993,6998],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,6940,6941],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,6942,6943],{"class":6846},"# MX записи\n",[4556,6945,6946,6948,6951],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,6947,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,6949,6950],{"class":6556}," -type=MX",[4556,6952,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,6954,6955],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,6956,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6958,6959],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,6960,6961],{"class":6846},"# NS записи\n",[4556,6963,6964,6966,6969],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,6965,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,6967,6968],{"class":6556}," -type=NS",[4556,6970,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,6972,6973],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,6974,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6976,6977],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,6978,6979],{"class":6846},"# TXT записи\n",[4556,6981,6982,6984,6987],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,6983,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,6985,6986],{"class":6556}," -type=TXT",[4556,6988,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,6990,6991],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,6992,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,6994,6995],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,6996,6997],{"class":6846},"# Всі записи\n",[4556,6999,7000,7002,7005],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,7001,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,7003,7004],{"class":6556}," -type=ANY",[4556,7006,6856],{"class":6559},[3854,7008,7009],{},[3779,7010,7011],{},"Інтерактивний режим:",[3862,7013,7015],{"className":6837,"code":7014,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"nslookup\n> set type=A\n> example.com\n> set type=MX\n> example.com\n> exit\n",[3790,7016,7017,7022,7037,7042,7053,7057],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7018,7019],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7020,7021],{"class":6852},"nslookup\n",[4556,7023,7024,7027,7031,7034],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7025,7026],{"class":6546},"> set ",[4556,7028,7030],{"class":7029},"siwwj","type",[4556,7032,7033],{"class":6546},"=",[4556,7035,7036],{"class":6559},"A\n",[4556,7038,7039],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7040,7041],{"class":6546},"> example.com\n",[4556,7043,7044,7046,7048,7050],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7045,7026],{"class":6546},[4556,7047,7030],{"class":7029},[4556,7049,7033],{"class":6546},[4556,7051,7052],{"class":6559},"MX\n",[4556,7054,7055],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7056,7041],{"class":6546},[4556,7058,7059],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,7060,7061],{"class":6546},"> exit\n",[4418,7063,7065],{"id":7064},"_2-dig-domain-information-groper","2. dig (Domain Information Groper)",[3854,7067,7068,7071],{},[3779,7069,7070],{},"dig"," — більш потужна та гнучка утиліта (Linux\u002FmacOS).",[3854,7073,7074],{},[3779,7075,7076],{},"Базовий запит:",[3862,7078,7080],{"className":6837,"code":7079,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig example.com\n\n# Скорочений вивід (тільки відповідь)\ndig example.com +short\n# Результат: 93.184.216.34\n",[3790,7081,7082,7088,7092,7097,7106],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7083,7084,7086],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7085,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7087,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7089,7090],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7091,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7093,7094],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7095,7096],{"class":6846},"# Скорочений вивід (тільки відповідь)\n",[4556,7098,7099,7101,7103],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7100,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7102,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7104,7105],{"class":6559}," +short\n",[4556,7107,7108],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7109,7110],{"class":6846},"# Результат: 93.184.216.34\n",[3854,7112,7113],{},[3779,7114,7115],{},"Вказати тип запису:",[3862,7117,7119],{"className":6837,"code":7118,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig example.com A\ndig example.com AAAA\ndig example.com MX\ndig example.com TXT\ndig example.com NS\n",[3790,7120,7121,7130,7139,7148,7157],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7122,7123,7125,7127],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7124,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7126,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7128,7129],{"class":6559}," A\n",[4556,7131,7132,7134,7136],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7133,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7135,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7137,7138],{"class":6559}," AAAA\n",[4556,7140,7141,7143,7145],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7142,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7144,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7146,7147],{"class":6559}," MX\n",[4556,7149,7150,7152,7154],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7151,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7153,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7155,7156],{"class":6559}," TXT\n",[4556,7158,7159,7161,7163],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7160,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7162,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7164,7165],{"class":6559}," NS\n",[3854,7167,7168],{},[3779,7169,7170],{},"Вказати DNS-сервер:",[3862,7172,7174],{"className":6837,"code":7173,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig @8.8.8.8 example.com\ndig @1.1.1.1 example.com\n",[3790,7175,7176,7185],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7177,7178,7180,7183],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7179,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7181,7182],{"class":6559}," @8.8.8.8",[4556,7184,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7186,7187,7189,7192],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7188,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7190,7191],{"class":6559}," @1.1.1.1",[4556,7193,6856],{"class":6559},[3854,7195,7196],{},[3779,7197,7198],{},"Детальний вивід з трасуванням:",[3862,7200,7202],{"className":6837,"code":7201,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig +trace example.com\n\n# Показує весь шлях резолвінгу:\n# Root → TLD → Authoritative\n",[3790,7203,7204,7213,7217,7222],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7205,7206,7208,7211],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7207,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7209,7210],{"class":6559}," +trace",[4556,7212,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7214,7215],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7216,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7218,7219],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7220,7221],{"class":6846},"# Показує весь шлях резолвінгу:\n",[4556,7223,7224],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7225,7226],{"class":6846},"# Root → TLD → Authoritative\n",[3854,7228,7229],{},[3779,7230,7231,7232,3860],{},"Приклад виводу ",[3790,7233,7234],{},"dig +trace",[3862,7236,7239],{"className":7237,"code":7238,"language":3867},[3865],"; \u003C\u003C>> DiG 9.10.6 \u003C\u003C>> +trace example.com\n;; global options: +cmd\n.                       518400  IN      NS      a.root-servers.net.\n... (всі root servers)\n\ncom.                    172800  IN      NS      a.gtld-servers.net.\n... (всі .com TLD servers)\n\nexample.com.            172800  IN      NS      a.iana-servers.net.\nexample.com.            172800  IN      NS      b.iana-servers.net.\n\nexample.com.            86400   IN      A       93.184.216.34\n",[3790,7240,7238],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,7242,7243],{},[4274,7244],{"alt":7245,"className":7246,"src":7247},"Вивід результатів трасування маршруту DNS-резолвінгу в утиліті dig",[4278],"\u002Fimages\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system\u002F08.png",[3854,7249,7250],{},[3779,7251,7252],{},"Reverse DNS lookup:",[3862,7254,7256],{"className":6837,"code":7255,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig -x 93.184.216.34\n\n# Або\ndig 34.216.184.93.in-addr.arpa PTR\n",[3790,7257,7258,7267,7271,7276],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7259,7260,7262,7265],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7261,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7263,7264],{"class":6556}," -x",[4556,7266,6908],{"class":6596},[4556,7268,7269],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7270,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7272,7273],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7274,7275],{"class":6846},"# Або\n",[4556,7277,7278,7280,7283],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7279,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7281,7282],{"class":6559}," 34.216.184.93.in-addr.arpa",[4556,7284,7285],{"class":6559}," PTR\n",[3854,7287,7288],{},[3779,7289,7290],{},"Перевірка DNSSEC:",[3862,7292,7294],{"className":6837,"code":7293,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig example.com +dnssec\n\n# Шукайте у відповіді:\n# - RRSIG записи (підписи)\n# - ad flag (authenticated data)\n",[3790,7295,7296,7305,7309,7314,7319],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7297,7298,7300,7302],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7299,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7301,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7303,7304],{"class":6559}," +dnssec\n",[4556,7306,7307],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7308,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7310,7311],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7312,7313],{"class":6846},"# Шукайте у відповіді:\n",[4556,7315,7316],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7317,7318],{"class":6846},"# - RRSIG записи (підписи)\n",[4556,7320,7321],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7322,7323],{"class":6846},"# - ad flag (authenticated data)\n",[3854,7325,7326],{},[3779,7327,7328],{},"Запит всіх типів:",[3862,7330,7332],{"className":6837,"code":7331,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"dig example.com ANY\n",[3790,7333,7334],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7335,7336,7338,7340],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7337,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7339,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7341,7342],{"class":6559}," ANY\n",[4418,7344,7346],{"id":7345},"_3-host","3. host",[3854,7348,7349,7352],{},[3779,7350,7351],{},"host"," — проста утиліта для швидких запитів.",[3862,7354,7356],{"className":6837,"code":7355,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# A запит\nhost example.com\n\n# MX записи\nhost -t MX example.com\n\n# Reverse DNS\nhost 93.184.216.34\n\n# Всі записи\nhost -a example.com\n",[3790,7357,7358,7363,7369,7373,7377,7389,7393,7398,7404,7408,7412],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7359,7360],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7361,7362],{"class":6846},"# A запит\n",[4556,7364,7365,7367],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7366,7351],{"class":6852},[4556,7368,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7370,7371],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7372,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7374,7375],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7376,6943],{"class":6846},[4556,7378,7379,7381,7384,7387],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7380,7351],{"class":6852},[4556,7382,7383],{"class":6556}," -t",[4556,7385,7386],{"class":6559}," MX",[4556,7388,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7390,7391],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,7392,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7394,7395],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,7396,7397],{"class":6846},"# Reverse DNS\n",[4556,7399,7400,7402],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,7401,7351],{"class":6852},[4556,7403,6908],{"class":6596},[4556,7405,7406],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,7407,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7409,7410],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,7411,6997],{"class":6846},[4556,7413,7414,7416,7419],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,7415,7351],{"class":6852},[4556,7417,7418],{"class":6556}," -a",[4556,7420,6856],{"class":6559},[4418,7422,7424],{"id":7423},"_4-перевірка-локального-кешу","4. Перевірка локального кешу",[3854,7426,7427],{},[3779,7428,7429],{},"Linux (systemd-resolved):",[3862,7431,7433],{"className":6837,"code":7432,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# Статистика кешу\nsystemd-resolve --statistics\n\n# Очистити кеш\nsudo systemd-resolve --flush-caches\n",[3790,7434,7435,7440,7448,7452,7457],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7436,7437],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7438,7439],{"class":6846},"# Статистика кешу\n",[4556,7441,7442,7445],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7443,7444],{"class":6852},"systemd-resolve",[4556,7446,7447],{"class":6556}," --statistics\n",[4556,7449,7450],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7451,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7453,7454],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7455,7456],{"class":6846},"# Очистити кеш\n",[4556,7458,7459,7462,7465],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7460,7461],{"class":6852},"sudo",[4556,7463,7464],{"class":6559}," systemd-resolve",[4556,7466,7467],{"class":6556}," --flush-caches\n",[3854,7469,7470],{},[3779,7471,7472],{},"macOS:",[3862,7474,7476],{"className":6837,"code":7475,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# Очистити кеш\nsudo dscacheutil -flushcache\nsudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder\n",[3790,7477,7478,7482,7492],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7479,7480],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7481,7456],{"class":6846},[4556,7483,7484,7486,7489],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7485,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,7487,7488],{"class":6559}," dscacheutil",[4556,7490,7491],{"class":6556}," -flushcache\n",[4556,7493,7494,7496,7499,7502],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7495,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,7497,7498],{"class":6559}," killall",[4556,7500,7501],{"class":6556}," -HUP",[4556,7503,7504],{"class":6559}," mDNSResponder\n",[3854,7506,7507],{},[3779,7508,7509],{},"Windows:",[3862,7511,7515],{"className":7512,"code":7513,"language":7514,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"language-powershell shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","# Показати кеш\nipconfig \u002Fdisplaydns\n\n# Очистити кеш\nipconfig \u002Fflushdns\n","powershell",[3790,7516,7517,7522,7527,7531,7535],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7518,7519],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7520,7521],{"class":6846},"# Показати кеш\n",[4556,7523,7524],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7525,7526],{"class":6546},"ipconfig \u002Fdisplaydns\n",[4556,7528,7529],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7530,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7532,7533],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7534,7456],{"class":6846},[4556,7536,7537],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7538,7539],{"class":6546},"ipconfig \u002Fflushdns\n",[3849,7541,7543],{"id":7542},"діагностика-типових-проблем","Діагностика типових проблем",[4418,7545,7547],{"id":7546},"проблема-1-домен-не-резолвиться","Проблема 1: Домен не резолвиться",[3854,7549,7550],{},[3779,7551,7552],{},"Симптоми:",[3862,7554,7556],{"className":6837,"code":7555,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"nslookup example.com\n# Server can't find example.com: NXDOMAIN\n",[3790,7557,7558,7564],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7559,7560,7562],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7561,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,7563,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7565,7566],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7567,7568],{"class":6846},"# Server can't find example.com: NXDOMAIN\n",[3854,7570,7571],{},[3779,7572,7573],{},"Діагностика:",[3862,7575,7577],{"className":6837,"code":7576,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# 1. Перевірити, чи домен існує\nwhois example.com\n\n# 2. Перевірити NS записи\ndig example.com NS\n\n# 3. Перевірити, чи NS серверів доступні\ndig @ns1.example.com example.com\n\n# 4. Трасування резолвінгу\ndig +trace example.com\n\n# 5. Спробувати різні DNS-сервери\ndig @8.8.8.8 example.com\ndig @1.1.1.1 example.com\n",[3790,7578,7579,7584,7591,7595,7600,7608,7612,7617,7626,7630,7635,7643,7647,7652,7660],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7580,7581],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7582,7583],{"class":6846},"# 1. Перевірити, чи домен існує\n",[4556,7585,7586,7589],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7587,7588],{"class":6852},"whois",[4556,7590,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7592,7593],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7594,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7596,7597],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7598,7599],{"class":6846},"# 2. Перевірити NS записи\n",[4556,7601,7602,7604,7606],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7603,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7605,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7607,7165],{"class":6559},[4556,7609,7610],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,7611,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7613,7614],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,7615,7616],{"class":6846},"# 3. Перевірити, чи NS серверів доступні\n",[4556,7618,7619,7621,7624],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,7620,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7622,7623],{"class":6559}," @ns1.example.com",[4556,7625,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7627,7628],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,7629,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7631,7632],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,7633,7634],{"class":6846},"# 4. Трасування резолвінгу\n",[4556,7636,7637,7639,7641],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,7638,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7640,7210],{"class":6559},[4556,7642,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7644,7645],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,7646,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7648,7649],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,7650,7651],{"class":6846},"# 5. Спробувати різні DNS-сервери\n",[4556,7653,7654,7656,7658],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,7655,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7657,7182],{"class":6559},[4556,7659,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7661,7662,7664,7666],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,7663,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7665,7191],{"class":6559},[4556,7667,6856],{"class":6559},[3854,7669,7670],{},[3779,7671,7672],{},"Можливі причини:",[3746,7674,7675,7678,7681,7684],{},[3749,7676,7677],{},"Домен не зареєстрований",[3749,7679,7680],{},"NS записи неправильні у registrar",[3749,7682,7683],{},"Authoritative NS серверів недоступні",[3749,7685,7686],{},"Проблема з TTL (негативне кешування)",[4418,7688,7690],{"id":7689},"проблема-2-dns-резолвиться-неправильно","Проблема 2: DNS резолвиться неправильно",[3854,7692,7693],{},[3779,7694,7552],{},[3862,7696,7698],{"className":6837,"code":7697,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"nslookup example.com\n# Address: 203.0.113.50  ← неправильний IP\n",[3790,7699,7700,7706],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7701,7702,7704],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7703,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,7705,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7707,7708],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7709,7710],{"class":6846},"# Address: 203.0.113.50  ← неправильний IP\n",[3854,7712,7713],{},[3779,7714,7573],{},[3862,7716,7718],{"className":6837,"code":7717,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# 1. Перевірити на різних DNS-серверах\ndig @8.8.8.8 example.com +short\ndig @1.1.1.1 example.com +short\ndig @208.67.222.222 example.com +short  # OpenDNS\n\n# 2. Запитати authoritative NS прямо\ndig example.com NS +short  # Отримати NS\ndig @ns1.example.com example.com +short  # Запитати напряму\n\n# 3. Перевірити TTL\ndig example.com\n# Якщо TTL великий → очікувати, поки застаріє\n\n# 4. Перевірити \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts | grep example.com\n",[3790,7719,7720,7725,7735,7745,7760,7764,7769,7783,7796,7800,7805,7811,7816,7820,7825],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7721,7722],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7723,7724],{"class":6846},"# 1. Перевірити на різних DNS-серверах\n",[4556,7726,7727,7729,7731,7733],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7728,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7730,7182],{"class":6559},[4556,7732,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7734,7105],{"class":6559},[4556,7736,7737,7739,7741,7743],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7738,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7740,7191],{"class":6559},[4556,7742,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7744,7105],{"class":6559},[4556,7746,7747,7749,7752,7754,7757],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7748,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7750,7751],{"class":6559}," @208.67.222.222",[4556,7753,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7755,7756],{"class":6559}," +short",[4556,7758,7759],{"class":6846},"  # OpenDNS\n",[4556,7761,7762],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7763,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7765,7766],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,7767,7768],{"class":6846},"# 2. Запитати authoritative NS прямо\n",[4556,7770,7771,7773,7775,7778,7780],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,7772,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7774,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7776,7777],{"class":6559}," NS",[4556,7779,7756],{"class":6559},[4556,7781,7782],{"class":6846},"  # Отримати NS\n",[4556,7784,7785,7787,7789,7791,7793],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,7786,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7788,7623],{"class":6559},[4556,7790,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,7792,7756],{"class":6559},[4556,7794,7795],{"class":6846},"  # Запитати напряму\n",[4556,7797,7798],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,7799,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7801,7802],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,7803,7804],{"class":6846},"# 3. Перевірити TTL\n",[4556,7806,7807,7809],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,7808,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,7810,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,7812,7813],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,7814,7815],{"class":6846},"# Якщо TTL великий → очікувати, поки застаріє\n",[4556,7817,7818],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,7819,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7821,7822],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,7823,7824],{"class":6846},"# 4. Перевірити \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts\n",[4556,7826,7827,7830,7833,7836,7839],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,7828,7829],{"class":6852},"cat",[4556,7831,7832],{"class":6559}," \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts",[4556,7834,7835],{"class":6546}," | ",[4556,7837,7838],{"class":6852},"grep",[4556,7840,6856],{"class":6559},[3854,7842,7843],{},[3779,7844,7672],{},[3746,7846,7847,7850,7853,7856],{},[3749,7848,7849],{},"Застарілий кеш (великий TTL)",[3749,7851,7852],{},"Запис у \u002Fetc\u002Fhosts перевизначає DNS",[3749,7854,7855],{},"DNS hijacking (провайдер або malware)",[3749,7857,7858],{},"Неправильна конфігурація на authoritative NS",[4418,7860,7862],{"id":7861},"проблема-3-повільний-dns-резолвінг","Проблема 3: Повільний DNS резолвінг",[3854,7864,7865],{},[3779,7866,7552],{},[3862,7868,7870],{"className":6837,"code":7869,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"time dig example.com\n# Query time: 2000 msec  ← дуже повільно!\n",[3790,7871,7872,7880],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7873,7874,7877],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7875,7876],{"class":6556},"time",[4556,7878,7879],{"class":6546}," dig example.com\n",[4556,7881,7882],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7883,7884],{"class":6846},"# Query time: 2000 msec  ← дуже повільно!\n",[3854,7886,7887],{},[3779,7888,7573],{},[3862,7890,7892],{"className":6837,"code":7891,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# 1. Перевірити затримку до DNS-сервера\nping 8.8.8.8\n\n# 2. Порівняти різні DNS-сервери\ntime dig @8.8.8.8 example.com\ntime dig @1.1.1.1 example.com\n\n# 3. Перевірити, чи працює UDP 53\nsudo tcpdump -i any port 53\n\n# 4. Перевірити timeout у \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\ncat \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n",[3790,7893,7894,7899,7907,7911,7916,7923,7930,7934,7939,7958,7962,7967],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,7895,7896],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,7897,7898],{"class":6846},"# 1. Перевірити затримку до DNS-сервера\n",[4556,7900,7901,7904],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,7902,7903],{"class":6852},"ping",[4556,7905,7906],{"class":6596}," 8.8.8.8\n",[4556,7908,7909],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,7910,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7912,7913],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,7914,7915],{"class":6846},"# 2. Порівняти різні DNS-сервери\n",[4556,7917,7918,7920],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,7919,7876],{"class":6556},[4556,7921,7922],{"class":6546}," dig @8.8.8.8 example.com\n",[4556,7924,7925,7927],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,7926,7876],{"class":6556},[4556,7928,7929],{"class":6546}," dig @1.1.1.1 example.com\n",[4556,7931,7932],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,7933,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7935,7936],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,7937,7938],{"class":6846},"# 3. Перевірити, чи працює UDP 53\n",[4556,7940,7941,7943,7946,7949,7952,7955],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,7942,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,7944,7945],{"class":6559}," tcpdump",[4556,7947,7948],{"class":6556}," -i",[4556,7950,7951],{"class":6559}," any",[4556,7953,7954],{"class":6559}," port",[4556,7956,7957],{"class":6596}," 53\n",[4556,7959,7960],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,7961,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,7963,7964],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,7965,7966],{"class":6846},"# 4. Перевірити timeout у \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n",[4556,7968,7969,7971],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,7970,7829],{"class":6852},[4556,7972,7973],{"class":6559}," \u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf\n",[3854,7975,7976],{},[3779,7977,7672],{},[3746,7979,7980,7983,7986,7989],{},[3749,7981,7982],{},"Велика затримка до DNS-сервера",[3749,7984,7985],{},"DNS-сервер перевантажений",[3749,7987,7988],{},"Firewall блокує UDP 53 → fallback на TCP (повільніше)",[3749,7990,7991],{},"Authoritative NS повільні або недоступні",[3841,7993],{},[3844,7995,7997],{"id":7996},"практичні-сценарії","Практичні сценарії",[3849,7999,8001],{"id":8000},"сценарій-1-міграція-сайту-на-новий-сервер","Сценарій 1: Міграція сайту на новий сервер",[3854,8003,8004,8007,8008,8010,8011,8014,8015,8018],{},[3779,8005,8006],{},"Завдання:"," Перенести ",[3790,8009,4210],{}," з ",[3790,8012,8013],{},"old-server.com"," (93.184.216.34) на ",[3790,8016,8017],{},"new-server.com"," (203.0.113.50).",[3854,8020,8021],{},[3779,8022,8023],{},"Покрокова інструкція:",[3862,8025,8028],{"className":8026,"code":8027,"language":3867},[3865],"Крок 1: Зменшити TTL (за 24-48 годин до міграції)\n  example.com.    300    IN    A    93.184.216.34\n                  └─ TTL зменшено до 5 хвилин\n\nКрок 2: Підготувати новий сервер\n  - Налаштувати веб-сервер на 203.0.113.50\n  - Перевірити, що сайт працює: http:\u002F\u002F203.0.113.50\n\nКрок 3: Оновити DNS-запис\n  example.com.    300    IN    A    203.0.113.50\n                                    └─ Новий IP\n\nКрок 4: Перевірити поширення\n  dig @8.8.8.8 example.com +short  # Перевірити Google DNS\n  dig @1.1.1.1 example.com +short  # Перевірити Cloudflare DNS\n  \n  # Онлайн інструменти:\n  # https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whatsmydns.net\u002F\n\nКрок 5: Моніторити логи обох серверів\n  - Трафік поступово перейде на новий сервер\n  - Старий сервер ще отримуватиме запити (застарілий кеш)\n\nКрок 6: Через 24-48 годин повернути TTL\n  example.com.    3600   IN    A    203.0.113.50\n                  └─ TTL повернуто до 1 години\n\nКрок 7: Вимкнути старий сервер (через кілька днів)\n",[3790,8029,8027],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3849,8031,8033],{"id":8032},"сценарій-2-налаштування-email-для-домену","Сценарій 2: Налаштування email для домену",[3854,8035,8036,8038,8039,4106],{},[3779,8037,8006],{}," Налаштувати Google Workspace (Gmail) для ",[3790,8040,4210],{},[3854,8042,8043],{},[3779,8044,8045],{},"DNS записи:",[3862,8047,8049],{"className":4550,"code":8048,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"; MX записи для Gmail\nexample.com.    IN    MX    1  aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    5  alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    5  alt2.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    10 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.\nexample.com.    IN    MX    10 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.\n\n; SPF запис (дозволити Gmail надсилати email)\nexample.com.    IN    TXT   \"v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all\"\n\n; DKIM запис (цифровий підпис)\ngoogle._domainkey.example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0...\"\n\n; DMARC запис (політика)\n_dmarc.example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com\"\n",[3790,8050,8051,8056,8060,8064,8068,8072,8076,8080,8085,8090,8094,8099,8104,8108,8113],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8052,8053],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8054,8055],{},"; MX записи для Gmail\n",[4556,8057,8058],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8059,5111],{},[4556,8061,8062],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8063,5116],{},[4556,8065,8066],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8067,5121],{},[4556,8069,8070],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,8071,5126],{},[4556,8073,8074],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,8075,5131],{},[4556,8077,8078],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,8079,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8081,8082],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,8083,8084],{},"; SPF запис (дозволити Gmail надсилати email)\n",[4556,8086,8087],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,8088,8089],{},"example.com.    IN    TXT   \"v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all\"\n",[4556,8091,8092],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,8093,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8095,8096],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,8097,8098],{},"; DKIM запис (цифровий підпис)\n",[4556,8100,8101],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,8102,8103],{},"google._domainkey.example.com.    IN    TXT    \"v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0...\"\n",[4556,8105,8106],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,8107,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8109,8110],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,8111,8112],{},"; DMARC запис (політика)\n",[4556,8114,8115],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,8116,5197],{},[3854,8118,8119],{},[3779,8120,8121],{},"Перевірка:",[3862,8123,8125],{"className":6837,"code":8124,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# MX записи\ndig example.com MX +short\n\n# SPF запис\ndig example.com TXT +short\n\n# DKIM запис\ndig google._domainkey.example.com TXT +short\n\n# DMARC запис\ndig _dmarc.example.com TXT +short\n",[3790,8126,8127,8131,8141,8145,8150,8161,8165,8170,8181,8185,8190],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8128,8129],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8130,6943],{"class":6846},[4556,8132,8133,8135,8137,8139],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8134,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8136,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,8138,7386],{"class":6559},[4556,8140,7105],{"class":6559},[4556,8142,8143],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8144,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8146,8147],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8148,8149],{"class":6846},"# SPF запис\n",[4556,8151,8152,8154,8156,8159],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,8153,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8155,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,8157,8158],{"class":6559}," TXT",[4556,8160,7105],{"class":6559},[4556,8162,8163],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,8164,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8166,8167],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,8168,8169],{"class":6846},"# DKIM запис\n",[4556,8171,8172,8174,8177,8179],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,8173,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8175,8176],{"class":6559}," google._domainkey.example.com",[4556,8178,8158],{"class":6559},[4556,8180,7105],{"class":6559},[4556,8182,8183],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,8184,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8186,8187],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,8188,8189],{"class":6846},"# DMARC запис\n",[4556,8191,8192,8194,8197,8199],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,8193,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8195,8196],{"class":6559}," _dmarc.example.com",[4556,8198,8158],{"class":6559},[4556,8200,7105],{"class":6559},[3849,8202,8204],{"id":8203},"сценарій-3-wildcard-dns","Сценарій 3: Wildcard DNS",[3854,8206,8207,8209,8210,8212],{},[3779,8208,8006],{}," Всі піддомени ",[3790,8211,5594],{}," вказують на один IP.",[3854,8214,8215],{},[3779,8216,8217],{},"DNS запис:",[3862,8219,8221],{"className":4550,"code":8220,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"*.example.com.    3600    IN    A    93.184.216.34\n",[3790,8222,8223],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8224,8225],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8226,8220],{},[3854,8228,8229],{},[3779,8230,8231],{},"Результат:",[3862,8233,8236],{"className":8234,"code":8235,"language":3867},[3865],"anything.example.com    → 93.184.216.34\ntest.example.com        → 93.184.216.34\napi.example.com         → 93.184.216.34\n",[3790,8237,8235],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,8239,8240],{},[3779,8241,4871],{},[3746,8243,8244,8247,8250],{},[3749,8245,8246],{},"Багатобічні SaaS застосунки (кожен клієнт має піддомен)",[3749,8248,8249],{},"Динамічні піддомени",[3749,8251,8252],{},"Catch-all для всіх піддоменів",[3854,8254,8255,8257],{},[3779,8256,5091],{}," Конкретні записи мають пріоритет над wildcard:",[3862,8259,8261],{"className":4550,"code":8260,"language":4552,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"*.example.com.        IN    A       93.184.216.34\nwww.example.com.      IN    A       203.0.113.50\n\nРезультат:\n  www.example.com       → 203.0.113.50 (конкретний запис)\n  anything-else.example.com → 93.184.216.34 (wildcard)\n",[3790,8262,8263,8268,8273,8277,8282,8287],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8264,8265],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8266,8267],{},"*.example.com.        IN    A       93.184.216.34\n",[4556,8269,8270],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8271,8272],{},"www.example.com.      IN    A       203.0.113.50\n",[4556,8274,8275],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8276,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8278,8279],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8280,8281],{},"Результат:\n",[4556,8283,8284],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,8285,8286],{},"  www.example.com       → 203.0.113.50 (конкретний запис)\n",[4556,8288,8289],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,8290,8291],{},"  anything-else.example.com → 93.184.216.34 (wildcard)\n",[3841,8293],{},[3844,8295,8297],{"id":8296},"підсумок","Підсумок",[3854,8299,8300],{},"DNS є критичною інфраструктурою Інтернету, що перекладає зрозумілі людині доменні імена у IP-адреси, необхідні для маршрутизації.",[3854,8302,8303],{},[3779,8304,8305],{},"Ключові висновки:",[3854,8307,8308],{},[3779,8309,8310],{},"Ієрархія DNS:",[3746,8312,8313,8316,8319,8322],{},[3749,8314,8315],{},"Root серверів (13 логічних, сотні фізичних через Anycast)",[3749,8317,8318],{},"TLD name servers (.com, .org, .ua тощо)",[3749,8320,8321],{},"Authoritative name servers (власники доменів)",[3749,8323,8324],{},"Recursive resolvers (виконують резолвінг від імені клієнтів)",[3854,8326,8327],{},[3779,8328,8329],{},"Типи DNS-записів:",[3746,8331,8332,8338,8344,8350,8356,8362,8368,8374,8380],{},[3749,8333,8334,8337],{},[3779,8335,8336],{},"A\u002FAAAA:"," IP-адреси (IPv4\u002FIPv6)",[3749,8339,8340,8343],{},[3779,8341,8342],{},"CNAME:"," Псевдоніми (alias)",[3749,8345,8346,8349],{},[3779,8347,8348],{},"MX:"," Поштові сервери",[3749,8351,8352,8355],{},[3779,8353,8354],{},"TXT:"," Текстові дані (SPF, DKIM, DMARC, верифікація)",[3749,8357,8358,8361],{},[3779,8359,8360],{},"NS:"," Name servers для зони",[3749,8363,8364,8367],{},[3779,8365,8366],{},"SOA:"," Адміністративна інформація зони",[3749,8369,8370,8373],{},[3779,8371,8372],{},"PTR:"," Reverse DNS (IP → ім'я)",[3749,8375,8376,8379],{},[3779,8377,8378],{},"SRV:"," Локація сервісів",[3749,8381,8382,8385],{},[3779,8383,8384],{},"CAA:"," Авторизація certificate authorities",[3854,8387,8388],{},[3779,8389,8390],{},"Процес резолвінгу:",[3746,8392,8393,8396,8399],{},[3749,8394,8395],{},"Кешування на кількох рівнях (браузер, ОС, resolver)",[3749,8397,8398],{},"Ітеративні запити від resolver до Root → TLD → Authoritative",[3749,8400,8401],{},"TTL контролює час зберігання у кеші",[3854,8403,8404],{},[3779,8405,5606],{},[3746,8407,8408,8414,8420],{},[3749,8409,8410,8413],{},[3779,8411,8412],{},"DNSSEC:"," Автентичність та цілісність через цифрові підписи",[3749,8415,8416,8419],{},[3779,8417,8418],{},"DoH\u002FDoT:"," Шифрування DNS-запитів через HTTPS\u002FTLS",[3749,8421,8422],{},"Захист від cache poisoning через randomization",[3854,8424,8425],{},[3779,8426,7573],{},[3746,8428,8429,8434,8439,8444],{},[3749,8430,8431,8433],{},[3790,8432,6853],{}," — базові запити",[3749,8435,8436,8438],{},[3790,8437,7070],{}," — детальна інформація, трасування (+trace), DNSSEC",[3749,8440,8441,8443],{},[3790,8442,7351],{}," — швидкі запити",[3749,8445,8446],{},"Перевірка кешу та очищення (systemd-resolve, dscacheutil, ipconfig)",[3854,8448,8449],{},[3779,8450,8451],{},"Практичне застосування:",[3746,8453,8454,8457,8460,8463],{},[3749,8455,8456],{},"Міграція серверів (зменшення TTL перед зміною)",[3749,8458,8459],{},"Налаштування email (MX, SPF, DKIM, DMARC)",[3749,8461,8462],{},"Wildcard DNS для динамічних піддоменів",[3749,8464,8465],{},"Балансування навантаження (кілька A записів)",[3854,8467,8468],{},"DNS є розподіленою системою, що обслуговує мільярди запитів щодня, забезпечуючи доступність та продуктивність Інтернету.",[3841,8470],{},[3844,8472,8474],{"id":8473},"контрольні-питання-для-самоперевірки","Контрольні питання для самоперевірки",[3951,8476,8477,8483,8486,8492,8495,8498,8501,8504,8507,8513,8516,8519,8525,8528,8531,8534,8537,8540,8543,8546,8549,8552,8558,8561],{},[3749,8478,8479,8480,8482],{},"Яку проблему вирішує DNS? Чому не використовується файл ",[3790,8481,3926],{}," для всього Інтернету?",[3749,8484,8485],{},"Опишіть ієрархічну структуру DNS. Що таке Root, TLD, та Authoritative name servers?",[3749,8487,8488,8489,8491],{},"Розберіть FQDN ",[3790,8490,3792],{}," по частинах. Що означає кожна частина?",[3749,8493,8494],{},"Скільки існує root name servers? Чому саме ця кількість? Що таке Anycast?",[3749,8496,8497],{},"Які типи TLD існують? Наведіть приклади gTLD, ccTLD, та new gTLD.",[3749,8499,8500],{},"Що таке zone file? Які основні типи записів він містить?",[3749,8502,8503],{},"Яка різниця між Primary та Secondary name servers? Як працює zone transfer?",[3749,8505,8506],{},"Опишіть призначення кожного типу DNS-запису: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SOA, PTR, SRV, CAA.",[3749,8508,8509,8510,8512],{},"Чому CNAME не може існувати на apex домену (наприклад, ",[3790,8511,4210],{},")?",[3749,8514,8515],{},"Як працює MX запис? Що означає priority у MX записі?",[3749,8517,8518],{},"Для чого використовуються TXT записи? Наведіть приклади (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).",[3749,8520,8521,8522,8524],{},"Опишіть повний процес резолвінгу ",[3790,8523,4264],{}," від браузера до отримання IP-адреси.",[3749,8526,8527],{},"Яка різниця між рекурсивним та ітеративним DNS-запитом?",[3749,8529,8530],{},"Що таке TTL? Як він впливає на швидкість поширення DNS-змін?",[3749,8532,8533],{},"На яких рівнях кешуються DNS-записи? Як це впливає на продуктивність?",[3749,8535,8536],{},"Як вибрати правильний TTL? Коли використовувати короткий, а коли довгий TTL?",[3749,8538,8539],{},"Чому DNS зазвичай використовує UDP? Коли DNS переключається на TCP?",[3749,8541,8542],{},"Що таке EDNS0? Яку проблему він вирішує?",[3749,8544,8545],{},"Що таке DNS spoofing (cache poisoning)? Як працює ця атака?",[3749,8547,8548],{},"Як DNSSEC захищає від DNS-атак? Які нові типи записів він додає?",[3749,8550,8551],{},"Яка різниця між DoH (DNS over HTTPS) та DoT (DNS over TLS)? Переваги та недоліки кожного.",[3749,8553,8554,8555,8557],{},"Як використовувати ",[3790,8556,7070],{}," для трасування повного шляху резолвінгу (+trace)?",[3749,8559,8560],{},"Як діагностувати проблему, коли домен не резолвиться або резолвиться неправильно?",[3749,8562,8563],{},"Опишіть процес міграції домену на новий сервер з мінімальним downtime.",[3841,8565],{},[3844,8567,8569],{"id":8568},"додаткові-матеріали-для-поглибленого-вивчення","Додаткові матеріали для поглибленого вивчення",[3738,8571,8572,8625,8827,9021],{},[3741,8573,8575,8580,8597,8602],{"icon":15,"title":8574},"📖 Рекомендована література",[3854,8576,8577],{},[3779,8578,8579],{},"Книги:",[3746,8581,8582,8590],{},[3749,8583,8584,8585,8589],{},"Paul Albitz, Cricket Liu. ",[8586,8587,8588],"em",{},"DNS and BIND."," — O'Reilly, 2006. (Класична книга про DNS).",[3749,8591,8592,8593,8596],{},"W. Richard Stevens. ",[8586,8594,8595],{},"TCP\u002FIP Illustrated, Volume 1."," — Розділ 14: DNS.",[3854,8598,8599],{},[3779,8600,8601],{},"RFC документи:",[3746,8603,8604,8607,8610,8613,8616,8619,8622],{},[3749,8605,8606],{},"RFC 1034 — Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities",[3749,8608,8609],{},"RFC 1035 — Domain Names - Implementation and Specification",[3749,8611,8612],{},"RFC 2181 — Clarifications to the DNS Specification",[3749,8614,8615],{},"RFC 4033-4035 — DNS Security (DNSSEC)",[3749,8617,8618],{},"RFC 7858 — DNS over TLS (DoT)",[3749,8620,8621],{},"RFC 8484 — DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)",[3749,8623,8624],{},"RFC 6891 — EDNS0",[3741,8626,8628,8633,8764,8769,8805,8810,8816,8821],{"icon":2882,"title":8627},"🛠️ Практичні інструменти",[3854,8629,8630],{},[3779,8631,8632],{},"Діагностика DNS:",[3862,8634,8636],{"className":6837,"code":8635,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# Базові запити\nnslookup example.com\ndig example.com\nhost example.com\n\n# Детальна діагностика\ndig example.com +trace        # Трасування резолвінгу\ndig example.com +dnssec       # Перевірка DNSSEC\ndig @8.8.8.8 example.com      # Конкретний DNS-сервер\n\n# Reverse DNS\ndig -x 93.184.216.34\n\n# Очищення кешу\nsudo systemd-resolve --flush-caches   # Linux\nsudo dscacheutil -flushcache          # macOS\nipconfig \u002Fflushdns                    # Windows\n",[3790,8637,8638,8643,8649,8655,8661,8665,8670,8681,8693,8704,8708,8712,8720,8724,8729,8741,8753],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8639,8640],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8641,8642],{"class":6846},"# Базові запити\n",[4556,8644,8645,8647],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8646,6853],{"class":6852},[4556,8648,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,8650,8651,8653],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8652,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8654,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,8656,8657,8659],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8658,7351],{"class":6852},[4556,8660,6856],{"class":6559},[4556,8662,8663],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,8664,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8666,8667],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,8668,8669],{"class":6846},"# Детальна діагностика\n",[4556,8671,8672,8674,8676,8678],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,8673,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8675,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,8677,7210],{"class":6559},[4556,8679,8680],{"class":6846},"        # Трасування резолвінгу\n",[4556,8682,8683,8685,8687,8690],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,8684,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8686,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,8688,8689],{"class":6559}," +dnssec",[4556,8691,8692],{"class":6846},"       # Перевірка DNSSEC\n",[4556,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701],{"class":4558,"line":4608},[4556,8696,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8698,7182],{"class":6559},[4556,8700,6925],{"class":6559},[4556,8702,8703],{"class":6846},"      # Конкретний DNS-сервер\n",[4556,8705,8706],{"class":4558,"line":4614},[4556,8707,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8709,8710],{"class":4558,"line":4620},[4556,8711,7397],{"class":6846},[4556,8713,8714,8716,8718],{"class":4558,"line":4626},[4556,8715,7070],{"class":6852},[4556,8717,7264],{"class":6556},[4556,8719,6908],{"class":6596},[4556,8721,8722],{"class":4558,"line":4631},[4556,8723,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8725,8726],{"class":4558,"line":4637},[4556,8727,8728],{"class":6846},"# Очищення кешу\n",[4556,8730,8731,8733,8735,8738],{"class":4558,"line":4643},[4556,8732,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,8734,7464],{"class":6559},[4556,8736,8737],{"class":6556}," --flush-caches",[4556,8739,8740],{"class":6846},"   # Linux\n",[4556,8742,8743,8745,8747,8750],{"class":4558,"line":4649},[4556,8744,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,8746,7488],{"class":6559},[4556,8748,8749],{"class":6556}," -flushcache",[4556,8751,8752],{"class":6846},"          # macOS\n",[4556,8754,8755,8758,8761],{"class":4558,"line":4654},[4556,8756,8757],{"class":6852},"ipconfig",[4556,8759,8760],{"class":6559}," \u002Fflushdns",[4556,8762,8763],{"class":6846},"                    # Windows\n",[3854,8765,8766],{},[3779,8767,8768],{},"Онлайн інструменти:",[3746,8770,8771,8781,8789,8797],{},[3749,8772,8773,8780],{},[8774,8775,8779],"a",{"href":8776,"rel":8777},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whatsmydns.net\u002F",[8778],"nofollow","whatsmydns.net"," — перевірка DNS по всьому світу",[3749,8782,8783,8788],{},[8774,8784,8787],{"href":8785,"rel":8786},"https:\u002F\u002Fmxtoolbox.com\u002F",[8778],"mxtoolbox.com"," — перевірка MX, SPF, DMARC",[3749,8790,8791,8796],{},[8774,8792,8795],{"href":8793,"rel":8794},"https:\u002F\u002Fdnschecker.org\u002F",[8778],"dnschecker.org"," — глобальна перевірка DNS",[3749,8798,8799,8804],{},[8774,8800,8803],{"href":8801,"rel":8802},"https:\u002F\u002Fdnsviz.net\u002F",[8778],"dnsviz.net"," — візуалізація DNSSEC",[3854,8806,8807],{},[3779,8808,8809],{},"Публічні DNS-сервери:",[3862,8811,8814],{"className":8812,"code":8813,"language":3867},[3865],"Google:      8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4\nCloudflare:  1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1\nQuad9:       9.9.9.9, 149.112.112.112\nOpenDNS:     208.67.222.222, 208.67.220.220\n",[3790,8815,8813],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3854,8817,8818],{},[3779,8819,8820],{},"DoH провайдери:",[3862,8822,8825],{"className":8823,"code":8824,"language":3867},[3865],"Cloudflare: https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-dns.com\u002Fdns-query\nGoogle:     https:\u002F\u002Fdns.google\u002Fdns-query\nQuad9:      https:\u002F\u002Fdns.quad9.net\u002Fdns-query\n",[3790,8826,8824],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[3741,8828,8831,8836,8870,8875,8934,8938,8972,8976],{"icon":8829,"title":8830},"i-lucide-settings","🔧 Налаштування DNS",[3854,8832,8833],{},[3779,8834,8835],{},"Linux (\u002Fetc\u002Fresolv.conf):",[3862,8837,8839],{"className":6837,"code":8838,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# Вказати DNS-сервери\nnameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\noptions timeout:2 attempts:3\n",[3790,8840,8841,8846,8853,8859],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8842,8843],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8844,8845],{"class":6846},"# Вказати DNS-сервери\n",[4556,8847,8848,8851],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8849,8850],{"class":6852},"nameserver",[4556,8852,7906],{"class":6596},[4556,8854,8855,8857],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8856,8850],{"class":6852},[4556,8858,6928],{"class":6596},[4556,8860,8861,8864,8867],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8862,8863],{"class":6852},"options",[4556,8865,8866],{"class":6559}," timeout:2",[4556,8868,8869],{"class":6559}," attempts:3\n",[3854,8871,8872],{},[3779,8873,8874],{},"systemd-resolved (сучасний Linux):",[3862,8876,8878],{"className":6837,"code":8877,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# Перевірити налаштування\nresolvectl status\n\n# Встановити DNS\nsudo resolvectl dns eth0 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1\n\n# Конфігураційний файл\n\u002Fetc\u002Fsystemd\u002Fresolved.conf\n",[3790,8879,8880,8885,8893,8897,8902,8920,8924,8929],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8881,8882],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8883,8884],{"class":6846},"# Перевірити налаштування\n",[4556,8886,8887,8890],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8888,8889],{"class":6852},"resolvectl",[4556,8891,8892],{"class":6559}," status\n",[4556,8894,8895],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8896,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8898,8899],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8900,8901],{"class":6846},"# Встановити DNS\n",[4556,8903,8904,8906,8909,8912,8915,8918],{"class":4558,"line":4584},[4556,8905,7461],{"class":6852},[4556,8907,8908],{"class":6559}," resolvectl",[4556,8910,8911],{"class":6559}," dns",[4556,8913,8914],{"class":6559}," eth0",[4556,8916,8917],{"class":6596}," 8.8.8.8",[4556,8919,6928],{"class":6596},[4556,8921,8922],{"class":4558,"line":4590},[4556,8923,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8925,8926],{"class":4558,"line":4596},[4556,8927,8928],{"class":6846},"# Конфігураційний файл\n",[4556,8930,8931],{"class":4558,"line":4602},[4556,8932,8933],{"class":6852},"\u002Fetc\u002Fsystemd\u002Fresolved.conf\n",[3854,8935,8936],{},[3779,8937,7472],{},[3862,8939,8941],{"className":6837,"code":8940,"language":6839,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# GUI: System Preferences → Network → Advanced → DNS\n\n# Командний рядок\nnetworksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1\n",[3790,8942,8943,8948,8952,8957],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8944,8945],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8946,8947],{"class":6846},"# GUI: System Preferences → Network → Advanced → DNS\n",[4556,8949,8950],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8951,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8953,8954],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8955,8956],{"class":6846},"# Командний рядок\n",[4556,8958,8959,8962,8965,8968,8970],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8960,8961],{"class":6852},"networksetup",[4556,8963,8964],{"class":6556}," -setdnsservers",[4556,8966,8967],{"class":6559}," Wi-Fi",[4556,8969,8917],{"class":6596},[4556,8971,6928],{"class":6596},[3854,8973,8974],{},[3779,8975,7509],{},[3862,8977,8979],{"className":7512,"code":8978,"language":7514,"meta":3870,"style":3870},"# GUI: Network Adapter Properties → IPv4 → DNS\n\n# PowerShell\nSet-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias \"Ethernet\" -ServerAddresses (\"8.8.8.8\",\"1.1.1.1\")\n",[3790,8980,8981,8986,8990,8995],{"__ignoreMap":3870},[4556,8982,8983],{"class":4558,"line":4559},[4556,8984,8985],{"class":6846},"# GUI: Network Adapter Properties → IPv4 → DNS\n",[4556,8987,8988],{"class":4558,"line":4565},[4556,8989,4575],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4574},[4556,8991,8992],{"class":4558,"line":4571},[4556,8993,8994],{"class":6846},"# PowerShell\n",[4556,8996,8997,9000,9003,9006,9009,9012,9015,9018],{"class":4558,"line":4578},[4556,8998,8999],{"class":6852},"Set-DnsClientServerAddress",[4556,9001,9002],{"class":6546}," -InterfaceAlias ",[4556,9004,9005],{"class":6559},"\"Ethernet\"",[4556,9007,9008],{"class":6546}," -ServerAddresses (",[4556,9010,9011],{"class":6559},"\"8.8.8.8\"",[4556,9013,9014],{"class":6546},",",[4556,9016,9017],{"class":6559},"\"1.1.1.1\"",[4556,9019,9020],{"class":6546},")\n",[3741,9022,9025,9030,9046,9051,9066,9071],{"icon":9023,"title":9024},"i-lucide-graduation-cap","🎓 Онлайн ресурси та курси",[3854,9026,9027],{},[3779,9028,9029],{},"Навчальні матеріали:",[3746,9031,9032,9035,9043],{},[3749,9033,9034],{},"Cloudflare Learning Center: What is DNS?",[3749,9036,9037,9042],{},[8774,9038,9041],{"href":9039,"rel":9040},"https:\u002F\u002Fsupport.dnsimple.com\u002F",[8778],"DNSimple DNS Guide"," — зрозумілі пояснення",[3749,9044,9045],{},"ICANN Learn: DNS Basics",[3854,9047,9048],{},[3779,9049,9050],{},"Інтерактивні інструменти:",[3746,9052,9053,9059],{},[3749,9054,9055],{},[8774,9056,9058],{"href":8776,"rel":9057},[8778],"DNS Propagation Checker",[3749,9060,9061],{},[8774,9062,9065],{"href":9063,"rel":9064},"https:\u002F\u002Ftoolbox.googleapps.com\u002Fapps\u002Fdig\u002F",[8778],"DNS Lookup Tool",[3854,9067,9068],{},[3779,9069,9070],{},"Відео:",[3746,9072,9073,9076],{},[3749,9074,9075],{},"Computerphile: How DNS Works",[3749,9077,9078],{},"PowerCert: DNS Explained",[9080,9081,9082],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s8xlr, html code.shiki .s8xlr{--shiki-light:#AF00DB;--shiki-default:#C586C0;--shiki-dark:#C586C0}html pre.shiki code .sHH4Y, html code.shiki .sHH4Y{--shiki-light:#000000;--shiki-default:#D4D4D4;--shiki-dark:#D4D4D4}html pre.shiki code .sKtos, html code.shiki .sKtos{--shiki-light:#800000;--shiki-default:#569CD6;--shiki-dark:#569CD6}html pre.shiki code .su1O8, html code.shiki .su1O8{--shiki-light:#0000FF;--shiki-default:#569CD6;--shiki-dark:#569CD6}html pre.shiki code .sbdoH, html code.shiki .sbdoH{--shiki-light:#A31515;--shiki-default:#CE9178;--shiki-dark:#CE9178}html pre.shiki code .sLwNe, html code.shiki .sLwNe{--shiki-light:#0451A5;--shiki-default:#9CDCFE;--shiki-dark:#9CDCFE}html pre.shiki code .sJj4R, html code.shiki .sJj4R{--shiki-light:#098658;--shiki-default:#B5CEA8;--shiki-dark:#B5CEA8}html pre.shiki code .spJ8K, html code.shiki .spJ8K{--shiki-light:#008000;--shiki-default:#6A9955;--shiki-dark:#6A9955}html pre.shiki code .s8Opu, html code.shiki .s8Opu{--shiki-light:#795E26;--shiki-default:#DCDCAA;--shiki-dark:#DCDCAA}html pre.shiki code .siwwj, html code.shiki .siwwj{--shiki-light:#001080;--shiki-default:#9CDCFE;--shiki-dark:#9CDCFE}",{"title":3870,"searchDepth":4565,"depth":4565,"links":9084},[9085,9090,9094,9099,9103,9107,9119,9123,9129,9133,9140,9144,9149,9150,9151],{"id":3846,"depth":4565,"text":3847,"children":9086},[9087,9088,9089],{"id":3851,"depth":4571,"text":3852},{"id":3912,"depth":4571,"text":3913},{"id":4010,"depth":4571,"text":4011},{"id":4064,"depth":4565,"text":4065,"children":9091},[9092,9093],{"id":4075,"depth":4571,"text":4076},{"id":4249,"depth":4571,"text":4250},{"id":4284,"depth":4565,"text":4285,"children":9095},[9096,9097,9098],{"id":4294,"depth":4571,"text":4295},{"id":4321,"depth":4571,"text":4322},{"id":4383,"depth":4571,"text":4384},{"id":4406,"depth":4565,"text":4407,"children":9100},[9101,9102],{"id":4415,"depth":4571,"text":4416},{"id":4483,"depth":4571,"text":4484},{"id":4519,"depth":4565,"text":4520,"children":9104},[9105,9106],{"id":4533,"depth":4571,"text":4534},{"id":4771,"depth":4571,"text":4772},{"id":4832,"depth":4565,"text":4833,"children":9108},[9109,9110,9111,9112,9113,9114,9115,9116,9117,9118],{"id":4839,"depth":4571,"text":4840},{"id":4910,"depth":4571,"text":4911},{"id":4944,"depth":4571,"text":4945},{"id":5041,"depth":4571,"text":5042},{"id":5134,"depth":4571,"text":5135},{"id":5226,"depth":4571,"text":5227},{"id":5281,"depth":4571,"text":5282},{"id":5398,"depth":4571,"text":5399},{"id":5457,"depth":4571,"text":5458},{"id":5542,"depth":4571,"text":5543},{"id":5612,"depth":4565,"text":5613,"children":9120},[9121,9122],{"id":5622,"depth":4571,"text":5623},{"id":5658,"depth":4571,"text":5659},{"id":5931,"depth":4565,"text":5932,"children":9124},[9125,9126,9127,9128],{"id":5941,"depth":4571,"text":5942},{"id":5979,"depth":4571,"text":5980},{"id":6013,"depth":4571,"text":6014},{"id":6070,"depth":4571,"text":6071},{"id":6096,"depth":4565,"text":6097,"children":9130},[9131,9132],{"id":6100,"depth":4571,"text":6101},{"id":6147,"depth":4571,"text":6148},{"id":6247,"depth":4565,"text":6248,"children":9134},[9135,9136,9137,9138,9139],{"id":6251,"depth":4571,"text":6252},{"id":6288,"depth":4571,"text":6289},{"id":6349,"depth":4571,"text":6350},{"id":6504,"depth":4571,"text":6505},{"id":6785,"depth":4571,"text":6786},{"id":6820,"depth":4565,"text":6821,"children":9141},[9142,9143],{"id":6824,"depth":4571,"text":6825},{"id":7542,"depth":4571,"text":7543},{"id":7996,"depth":4565,"text":7997,"children":9145},[9146,9147,9148],{"id":8000,"depth":4571,"text":8001},{"id":8032,"depth":4571,"text":8033},{"id":8203,"depth":4571,"text":8204},{"id":8296,"depth":4565,"text":8297},{"id":8473,"depth":4565,"text":8474},{"id":8568,"depth":4565,"text":8569},"Детальний розгляд DNS: ієрархія, типи записів, процес резолвінгу, кешування, безпека, діагностика та практичне використання системи доменних імен","md",null,{},{"title":3556,"description":9152},"HEphZ8ewBROj7mUwdD0lC1gx9p93JqSe3HqAw3BzTSA",[9159,9161],{"title":3552,"path":3553,"stem":3554,"description":9160,"children":-1},"Детальний розгляд транспортних протоколів TCP і UDP: структура, механізми роботи, контроль потоку, виявлення помилок, three-way handshake, порівняння та практичне застосування",{"title":3560,"path":3561,"stem":3562,"description":9162,"children":-1},"Архітектура електронної пошти, SMTP для надсилання, POP3 та IMAP для отримання, MIME, безпека email",1788069974332]