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Windows","i-lucide-cpu","/csharp/system-programming-windows","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows",[259,263,267,271,275,279,283,287,291,295,299,303,307,311,315,319,323,327,331,335,339,343,347,351,355,359,363,367,371,375],{"title":260,"path":261,"stem":262},"Як Працює Операційна Система","/csharp/system-programming-windows/how-os-works","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/01.how-os-works",{"title":264,"path":265,"stem":266},"Процеси в .NET — API та Запуск","/csharp/system-programming-windows/processes-in-dotnet","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/02.processes-in-dotnet",{"title":268,"path":269,"stem":270},"Процеси в .NET — IPC та Міжпроцесна Комунікація","/csharp/system-programming-windows/02a.processes-ipc","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/02a.processes-ipc",{"title":272,"path":273,"stem":274},"Application Domains та Збірки — AppDomain і 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Primitives","/csharp/system-programming-windows/synchronization-advanced","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/07.synchronization-advanced",{"title":308,"path":309,"stem":310},"Синхронізація — Interlocked, Volatile та Lock-Free Структури","/csharp/system-programming-windows/07a.synchronization-advanced-walkthrough","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/07a.synchronization-advanced-walkthrough",{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Interlocked, CAS та Lock-Free Структури","/csharp/system-programming-windows/interlocked-cas-lockfree","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/08.interlocked-cas-lockfree",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Volatile, Memory Model та Spinning","/csharp/system-programming-windows/08a.volatile-memory-model","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/08a.volatile-memory-model",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"ThreadPool — Пул Потоків для Ефективного 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DbProviderFactory — провайдер-незалежний код","/csharp/ado-net/provider-factory","01.csharp/09.ado-net/07.provider-factory",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"9.8. Асинхронний доступ до даних","/csharp/ado-net/async-data-access","01.csharp/09.ado-net/08.async-data-access",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"9.9. Від'єднаний режим: DataSet, DataTable, DataRow","/csharp/ado-net/disconnected-mode-dataset","01.csharp/09.ado-net/09.disconnected-mode-dataset",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"9.10. DataAdapter — міст між DataSet та базою даних","/csharp/ado-net/data-adapter","01.csharp/09.ado-net/10.data-adapter",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"9.11. Data Mapper та Repository: Архітектура доступу до даних","/csharp/ado-net/data-mapper-repository","01.csharp/09.ado-net/11.data-mapper-repository",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"9.12. Identity Map, Unit of Work та Specification Pattern","/csharp/ado-net/advanced-patterns","01.csharp/09.ado-net/12.advanced-patterns",{"title":458,"icon":255,"path":459,"stem":460,"children":461,"page":59},"Ef Core","/csharp/ef-core","01.csharp/10.ef-core",[462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,532,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646],{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465},"Що таке ORM? Від SQL до об'єктів","/csharp/ef-core/what-is-orm","01.csharp/10.ef-core/01.what-is-orm",{"title":467,"path":468,"stem":469},"Перший проєкт — від нуля до CRUD","/csharp/ef-core/first-project","01.csharp/10.ef-core/02.first-project",{"title":471,"path":472,"stem":473},"DbContext — Серце EF Core","/csharp/ef-core/dbcontext-deep-dive","01.csharp/10.ef-core/03.dbcontext-deep-dive",{"title":475,"path":476,"stem":477},"Провайдери баз даних — Архітектура та Вибір СУБД","/csharp/ef-core/database-providers","01.csharp/10.ef-core/04.database-providers",{"title":479,"path":480,"stem":481},"Конвенції EF Core — Магія без конфігурації","/csharp/ef-core/conventions","01.csharp/10.ef-core/05.conventions",{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Fluent API та Data Annotations — Явна конфігурація моделі","/csharp/ef-core/fluent-api-vs-annotations","01.csharp/10.ef-core/06.fluent-api-vs-annotations",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Зв'язки — One-to-One та One-to-Many","/csharp/ef-core/relationships-basics","01.csharp/10.ef-core/07.relationships-basics",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Зв'язки Advanced — Many-to-Many та Складні Сценарії","/csharp/ef-core/relationships-advanced","01.csharp/10.ef-core/08.relationships-advanced",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Властивості — Типи, Конвертери, Компаратори (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/property-configuration-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/09.property-configuration-part1",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Властивості — Value Comparers, Generators, Shadow Properties (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/property-configuration-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/09.property-configuration-part2",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Складні типи — Owned Types та Complex Types (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/complex-types-owned-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/10.complex-types-owned-part1",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Складні типи — Complex Types, Keyless Entities, Порівняння (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/complex-types-owned-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/10.complex-types-owned-part2",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"JSON Columns — Складні дані у JSON (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/json-columns-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/11.json-columns-part1",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"JSON Columns — Value Comparers, Індекси, Провайдери (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/json-columns-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/11.json-columns-part2",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Успадкування — Абстрактні класи та TPH (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/inheritance-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/12.inheritance-part1",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Успадкування — TPT, TPC та Порівняння Стратегій (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/inheritance-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/12.inheritance-part2",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"children":530},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/indexes-constraints-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/13.indexes-constraints-part1",[531],{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535,"children":536},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/indexes-constraints-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/13.indexes-constraints-part2",[537],{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},{"title":539,"path":540,"stem":541},"Seed Data — Початкові Дані (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/seeding-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/14.seeding-part1",{"title":543,"path":544,"stem":545},"Seed Data — SQL-скрипти, Bogus та Стратегії (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/seeding-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/14.seeding-part2",{"title":547,"path":548,"stem":549},"Global Query Filters — Глобальні Фільтри (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/global-query-filters-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/15.global-query-filters-part1",{"title":551,"path":552,"stem":553},"Global Query Filters — Підводні камені та Інтеграція (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/global-query-filters-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/15.global-query-filters-part2",{"title":555,"path":556,"stem":557},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/linq-queries-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/16.linq-queries-part1",{"title":559,"path":560,"stem":561},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/linq-queries-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/16.linq-queries-part2",{"title":563,"path":564,"stem":565},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/loading-related-data-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/17.loading-related-data-part1",{"title":567,"path":568,"stem":569},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/loading-related-data-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/17.loading-related-data-part2",{"title":571,"path":572,"stem":573},"Raw SQL, Views та Stored Procedures (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/raw-sql-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/18.raw-sql-part1",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577},"Raw SQL — Stored Procedures, DbFunction та Bulk Operations (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/raw-sql-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/18.raw-sql-part2",{"title":579,"path":580,"stem":581},"Продвинуті Запити — Compiled Queries, Bulk та Оптимізація (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/advanced-queries-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/19.advanced-queries-part1",{"title":583,"path":584,"stem":585},"Продвинуті Запити — Query Tags, Bulk та Interceptors (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/advanced-queries-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/19.advanced-queries-part2",{"title":587,"path":588,"stem":589},"Change Tracker — Відстеження Змін (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/change-tracking-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/20.change-tracking-part1",{"title":591,"path":592,"stem":593},"Change Tracker — Графи Об'єктів та Disconnected (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/change-tracking-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/20.change-tracking-part2",{"title":595,"path":596,"stem":597},"Збереження Даних та Транзакції (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/saving-data-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/21.saving-data-part1",{"title":599,"path":600,"stem":601},"Збереження Даних — Concurrency та Outbox (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/saving-data-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/21.saving-data-part2",{"title":603,"path":604,"stem":605},"Конкурентність та Блокування (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/concurrency-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/22.concurrency-part1",{"title":607,"path":608,"stem":609},"Конкурентність — Дедлоки та Queue Processing (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/concurrency-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/22.concurrency-part2",{"title":611,"path":612,"stem":613},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-basics-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/23.migrations-basics-part1",{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-basics-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/23.migrations-basics-part2",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-advanced-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/24.migrations-advanced-part1",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-advanced-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/24.migrations-advanced-part2",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/schema-management-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/25.schema-management-part1",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/schema-management-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/25.schema-management-part2",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637},"Продуктивність EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/performance-fundamentals-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/26.performance-fundamentals-part1",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641},"Interceptors в EF Core (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/interceptors-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/29.interceptors-part1",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645},"Interceptors в EF Core — Connection, Transaction та Materialization (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/interceptors-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/29.interceptors-part2",{"title":647,"path":648,"stem":649},"План вивчення Entity Framework Core — Повний курс","/csharp/ef-core/implementation_plan","01.csharp/10.ef-core/implementation_plan",{"title":651,"icon":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655,"page":59},"ASP.NET","i-devicon-dotnetcore","/csharp/aspnet","01.csharp/11.aspnet",[656,730,791,869,927,941,967,1057,1111,1182,1212,1289],{"title":657,"icon":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"children":661,"page":59},"Minimal API","i-lucide-network","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api",[662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726],{"title":663,"path":664,"stem":665},"Вступ до ASP.NET та еволюція фреймворку","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/introduction","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/01.introduction",{"title":667,"path":668,"stem":669},"Перший додаток на ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/first-application","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/02.first-application",{"title":671,"path":672,"stem":673},"WebApplication, Builder та Dependency Injection","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/webapplication-builder","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/03.webapplication-builder",{"title":675,"path":676,"stem":677},"Конвеєр запитів та Middleware","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/request-pipeline-middleware","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/04.request-pipeline-middleware",{"title":679,"path":680,"stem":681},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/routing-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/05.routing-basics",{"title":683,"path":684,"stem":685},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Розширені можливості","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/routing-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/06.routing-advanced",{"title":687,"path":688,"stem":689},"Статичні файли в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/static-files","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/07.static-files",{"title":691,"path":692,"stem":693},"Статичні Активи: MapStaticAssets (ASP.NET Core 9.0)","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/static-assets","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/08.static-assets",{"title":695,"path":696,"stem":697},"Конфігурація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/configuration-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/09.configuration-fundamentals",{"title":699,"path":700,"stem":701},"Конфігурація: Паттерн Options","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/configuration-options","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/10.configuration-options",{"title":703,"path":704,"stem":705},"Логування в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/logging-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/11.logging-basics",{"title":707,"path":708,"stem":709},"Логування: Serilog та Middleware","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/logging-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/12.logging-advanced",{"title":711,"path":712,"stem":713},"Управління станом: HttpContext.Items та Cookies","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/state-management","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/13.state-management",{"title":715,"path":716,"stem":717},"Стан сесії: Sessions","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/session-state","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/14.session-state",{"title":719,"path":720,"stem":721},"Структура проєкту: від хаосу до архітектури","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/project-structure","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/15.project-structure",{"title":723,"path":724,"stem":725},"Scalar у Minimal API: повний проєкт і Fluent OpenAPI","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/scalar-openapi-fluent","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/16.scalar-openapi-fluent",{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},"Swagger / Swashbuckle у Minimal API: окремий класичний шлях","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/swagger-swashbuckle","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/17.swagger-swashbuckle",{"title":731,"icon":658,"path":732,"stem":733,"children":734,"page":59},"API","/csharp/aspnet/api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api",[735,739,743,747,751,755,759,763,767,771,775,779,783,787],{"title":736,"path":737,"stem":738},"Що таке API. Клієнт-серверна архітектура","/csharp/aspnet/api/what-is-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/01.what-is-api",{"title":740,"path":741,"stem":742},"Формати даних: JSON, XML, TOML та бінарні формати","/csharp/aspnet/api/data-formats","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/02.data-formats",{"title":744,"path":745,"stem":746},"Парадигми API та концепція REST","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-paradigms-rest","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/03.api-paradigms-rest",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750},"HTTP-методи, статус-коди та заголовки","/csharp/aspnet/api/http-methods-status-codes","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/04.http-methods-status-codes",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754},"Організація HTTP API за принципами REST","/csharp/aspnet/api/rest-organizing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/05.rest-organizing",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758},"Номенклатура URL та CRUD-операції","/csharp/aspnet/api/url-nomenclature-crud","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/06.url-nomenclature-crud",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762},"Правила дизайну: іменування та стандарти","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-naming","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/07.api-design-naming",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766},"Валідація, ліміти та обробка помилок","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/08.api-design-validation",{"title":768,"path":769,"stem":770},"Обробка помилок у Minimal API","/csharp/aspnet/api/error-handling-http","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/09.error-handling-http",{"title":772,"path":773,"stem":774},"Ідемпотентність та синхронізація стану","/csharp/aspnet/api/idempotency-sync","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/10.idempotency-sync",{"title":776,"path":777,"stem":778},"Пагінація та організація списків","/csharp/aspnet/api/pagination-lists","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/11.pagination-lists",{"title":780,"path":781,"stem":782},"Безпека API, кешування та інтернаціоналізація","/csharp/aspnet/api/security-auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/12.security-auth",{"title":784,"path":785,"stem":786},"Процес проєктування API та документування","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-process","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/13.api-design-process",{"title":788,"path":789,"stem":790},"OpenAPI: контракт, специфікація та документація API","/csharp/aspnet/api/openapi","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/14.openapi",{"title":792,"icon":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796,"page":59},"Auth","i-lucide-shield-check","/csharp/aspnet/auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth",[797,801,805,809,813,817,821,825,829,833,837,841,845,849,853,857,861,865],{"title":798,"path":799,"stem":800},"Основи аутентифікації та авторизації","/csharp/aspnet/auth/auth-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/01.auth-fundamentals",{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804},"JWT-аутентифікація","/csharp/aspnet/auth/jwt-authentication","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/02.jwt-authentication",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808},"Авторизація: ролі, політики та resource-based доступ","/csharp/aspnet/auth/authorization-policies","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/03.authorization-policies",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812},"Cookie-аутентифікація та ASP.NET Core Identity","/csharp/aspnet/auth/cookie-auth-identity","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/04.cookie-auth-identity",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816},"JWT + Refresh Tokens (HttpOnly Cookie)","/csharp/aspnet/auth/04b.identity-auth-jwt","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/04b.identity-auth-jwt",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820},"Identity: Підтвердження Email та Скидання Пароля","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-email-confirmation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/05.identity-email-confirmation",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824},"Identity: Двофакторна Аутентифікація (2FA)","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-two-factor","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/06.identity-two-factor",{"title":826,"path":827,"stem":828},"Identity: Внутрішня Архітектура та Кастомізація","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-internals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/07.identity-internals",{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},"OAuth 2.0 та зовнішні провайдери","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oauth-external-providers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/08.oauth-external-providers",{"title":834,"path":835,"stem":836},"Безпека на практиці: CORS, HTTPS та захист від атак","/csharp/aspnet/auth/security-hardening","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/09.security-hardening",{"title":838,"path":839,"stem":840},"Теорія OAuth 2.0: Поняття, Аналогії та Флоу","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oauth-theory","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/10.oauth-theory",{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"OIDC, OAuth 2.0 та Keycloak в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oidc-keycloak","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/10.oidc-keycloak",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"API Keys аутентифікація в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/api-keys","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/11.api-keys",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Rate Limiting та Throttling в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/rate-limiting","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/12.rate-limiting",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Refresh Token Rotation в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/refresh-token-rotation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/13.refresh-token-rotation",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},"Certificate Authentication та mTLS в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/certificate-auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/14.certificate-auth",{"title":862,"path":863,"stem":864},"RBAC, ABAC та ReBAC в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/rbac-abac-rebac","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/15.rbac-abac-rebac",{"title":866,"path":867,"stem":868},"Multi-tenancy та ізоляція даних в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/multi-tenancy","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/16.multi-tenancy",{"title":870,"icon":871,"path":872,"stem":873,"children":874,"page":59},"Нотифікації","i-lucide-bell","/csharp/aspnet/notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications",[875,879,883,887,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,923],{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"In-App нотифікації через базу даних","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/in-app-database-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/01.in-app-database-notifications",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Polling: Регулярний запит оновлень","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/polling","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/02.polling",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},"Server-Sent Events: Однострімовий push від сервера","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/server-sent-events","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/03.server-sent-events",{"title":888,"path":889,"stem":890},"WebSockets: Двостороннє з'єднання в реальному часі","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/websockets","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/04.websockets",{"title":892,"path":893,"stem":894},"SignalR: Абстракція над транспортами реального часу","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/signalr","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/05.signalr",{"title":896,"path":897,"stem":898},"Background Services: Фонові задачі в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/background-services","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/06.background-services",{"title":900,"path":901,"stem":902},"Web Push нотифікації","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/web-push","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/07.web-push",{"title":904,"path":905,"stem":906},"Email нотифікації","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/email-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/08.email-notifications",{"title":908,"path":909,"stem":910},"Порівняння підходів: Як вибрати правильну технологію нотифікацій","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/choosing-the-right-approach","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/09.choosing-the-right-approach",{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Hangfire: Надійне планування фонових задач","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/10.hangfire",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Практика: Конвертація зображень у WebP через Hangfire","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire-image-webp","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/11.hangfire-image-webp",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Практика: Підготовка відео до HLS-стрімінгу через Hangfire","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire-video-hls","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/12.hangfire-video-hls",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Telegram-нотифікації: від одного повідомлення до масових розсилок і мульти-канального підходу","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/telegram-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/13.telegram-notifications",{"title":928,"icon":929,"path":930,"stem":931,"children":932,"page":59},"Інтернаціоналізація","i-lucide-languages","/csharp/aspnet/i18n","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n",[933,937],{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Інтернаціоналізація (i18n) у Minimal API: від A до Я","/csharp/aspnet/i18n/internationalization","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n/01.internationalization",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},"Humanizer: людиномовні рядки у .NET","/csharp/aspnet/i18n/humanizer","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n/02.humanizer",{"title":942,"icon":943,"path":944,"stem":945,"children":946,"page":59},"Кешування","i-lucide-layers","/csharp/aspnet/caching","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching",[947,951,955,959,963],{"title":948,"path":949,"stem":950},"Огляд кешування: чотири рівні і коли що обирати","/csharp/aspnet/caching/caching","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/01.caching",{"title":952,"path":953,"stem":954},"IMemoryCache: кеш в оперативній пам'яті","/csharp/aspnet/caching/memory-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/02.memory-cache",{"title":956,"path":957,"stem":958},"IDistributedCache і Redis: розподілений кеш","/csharp/aspnet/caching/distributed-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/03.distributed-cache",{"title":960,"path":961,"stem":962},"Response Cache: HTTP-кешування через Cache-Control","/csharp/aspnet/caching/response-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/04.response-cache",{"title":964,"path":965,"stem":966},"Output Cache: серверний кеш HTTP-відповідей (.NET 7+)","/csharp/aspnet/caching/output-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/05.output-cache",{"title":968,"icon":969,"path":970,"stem":971,"children":972,"page":59},"Тестування","i-lucide-test-tube","/csharp/aspnet/testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing",[973,977,981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005,1009,1013,1017,1021,1025,1029,1033,1037,1041,1045,1049,1053],{"title":974,"path":975,"stem":976},"Що таке тестування? Від інтуїції до науки","/csharp/aspnet/testing/what-is-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/01.what-is-testing",{"title":978,"path":979,"stem":980},"Піраміда тестування — Стратегія, а не Догма","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-pyramid","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/02.testing-pyramid",{"title":982,"path":983,"stem":984},"Дві Школи Тестування — Лондон проти Детройту","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-schools","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/03.testing-schools",{"title":986,"path":987,"stem":988},"TDD та BDD — Тести як Дизайн-інструмент","/csharp/aspnet/testing/tdd-and-bdd","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/04.tdd-and-bdd",{"title":990,"path":991,"stem":992},"Що саме тестувати — Техніки аналізу та Циклomatична складність","/csharp/aspnet/testing/what-to-test","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/05.what-to-test",{"title":994,"path":995,"stem":996},"Тестові Фреймворки — Навіщо вони і що всередині","/csharp/aspnet/testing/test-frameworks","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/06.test-frameworks",{"title":998,"path":999,"stem":1000},"xUnit — Факти, Теорії та Lifecycle тестів","/csharp/aspnet/testing/xunit-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/07.xunit-basics",{"title":1002,"path":1003,"stem":1004},"xUnit Advanced — Fixtures, Кастомізація та Розширення","/csharp/aspnet/testing/xunit-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/08.xunit-advanced",{"title":1006,"path":1007,"stem":1008},"Moq — Глибоке занурення в мокування","/csharp/aspnet/testing/mocking-with-moq","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/09.mocking-with-moq",{"title":1010,"path":1011,"stem":1012},"Тестування Баз Даних — EF Core, SQLite та Testcontainers","/csharp/aspnet/testing/database-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/10.database-testing",{"title":1014,"path":1015,"stem":1016},"Integration Testing — Частина 1 [Теорія та WebApplicationFactory]","/csharp/aspnet/testing/integration-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/11.integration-testing",{"title":1018,"path":1019,"stem":1020},"Інтеграційне тестування — Практика","/csharp/aspnet/testing/11a.integration-testing-practice","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/11a.integration-testing-practice",{"title":1022,"path":1023,"stem":1024},"Integration Testing — Частина 2 [Просунуті Сценарії та Testcontainers]","/csharp/aspnet/testing/integration-testing-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/12.integration-testing-advanced",{"title":1026,"path":1027,"stem":1028},"Професійний Postman: Колекції, Змінні та GitHub Інтеграція","/csharp/aspnet/testing/postman-professional","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/13.postman-professional",{"title":1030,"path":1031,"stem":1032},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 1: Архітектура та MockHttpMessageHandler","/csharp/aspnet/testing/httpclient-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/14.httpclient-testing",{"title":1034,"path":1035,"stem":1036},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 2: WireMock.Net та Resilience","/csharp/aspnet/testing/wiremock-net","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/15.wiremock-net",{"title":1038,"path":1039,"stem":1040},"Патерни та Анти-патерни Тестування: Test Smells","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-patterns","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/16.testing-patterns",{"title":1042,"path":1043,"stem":1044},"Просунуті інструменти: Time, Snapshots та Властивості","/csharp/aspnet/testing/advanced-testing-tools","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/17.advanced-testing-tools",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},"Тестування Архітектури з NetArchTest","/csharp/aspnet/testing/architecture-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/18.architecture-testing",{"title":1050,"path":1051,"stem":1052},"Тестування Продуктивності: BenchmarkDotNet, NBomber та k6","/csharp/aspnet/testing/performance-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/19.performance-testing",{"title":1054,"path":1055,"stem":1056},"Залишок плану для курсу \"Тестування ASP.NET Minimal API\"","/csharp/aspnet/testing/remaining_plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/remaining_plan",{"title":1058,"icon":1059,"path":1060,"stem":1061,"children":1062,"page":59},"Платежі","i-lucide-credit-card","/csharp/aspnet/payments","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments",[1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1064,"path":1065,"stem":1066},"Основи платіжної інфраструктури","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/01.payment-fundamentals",{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},"Методи оплати в Україні","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-methods-ukraine","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/02.payment-methods-ukraine",{"title":1072,"path":1073,"stem":1074},"PCI DSS та безпека платежів","/csharp/aspnet/payments/pci-dss-security","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/03.pci-dss-security",{"title":1076,"path":1077,"stem":1078},"Архітектура платіжної підсистеми","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-architecture","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/04.payment-architecture",{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"Інтеграція LiqPay (ПриватБанк)","/csharp/aspnet/payments/liqpay-integration","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/05.liqpay-integration",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"Інтеграція Monobank Acquiring API","/csharp/aspnet/payments/monobank-acquiring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/06.monobank-acquiring",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},"Інтеграція Stripe","/csharp/aspnet/payments/stripe-integration","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/07.stripe-integration",{"title":1092,"path":1093,"stem":1094},"Webhooks — глибоке занурення","/csharp/aspnet/payments/webhooks-deep-dive","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/08.webhooks-deep-dive",{"title":1096,"path":1097,"stem":1098},"Підписки та рекурентні платежі","/csharp/aspnet/payments/subscriptions-recurring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/09.subscriptions-recurring",{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"Повернення коштів та диспути","/csharp/aspnet/payments/refunds-disputes","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/10.refunds-disputes",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"Тестування платіжних інтеграцій","/csharp/aspnet/payments/testing-payments","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/11.testing-payments",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"Чекліст виходу в Production","/csharp/aspnet/payments/production-checklist","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/12.production-checklist",{"title":1112,"icon":1113,"items":1114,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129,"page":59},"Популярні бібліотеки","lucide:box",[1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126],"01.fluent-validation","02.mapster","03.erroror-result-pattern","04.serilog","05.mediatr","06.polly","07.health-checks","08.feature-management","09.fluent-email","10.quest-pdf","11.bogus","12.humanizer-guard","/csharp/aspnet/libraries","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries",[1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178],{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Валідація з FluentValidation в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/fluent-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/01.fluent-validation",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Маппінг об","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/mapster","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/02.mapster",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Обробка помилок з ErrorOr та Result Pattern в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/erroror-result-pattern","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/03.erroror-result-pattern",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"Структуроване логування з Serilog в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/serilog","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/04.serilog",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"CQRS та Mediator з MediatR в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/mediatr","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/05.mediatr",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Відмовостійкість з Polly в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/polly","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/06.polly",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Health Checks в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/health-checks","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/07.health-checks",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Feature Management та Feature Flags в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/feature-management","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/08.feature-management",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Відправка Email з FluentEmail в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/fluent-email","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/09.fluent-email",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"Генерація PDF з QuestPDF в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/quest-pdf","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/10.quest-pdf",{"title":1171,"path":1172,"stem":1173},"Генерація тестових даних з Bogus в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/bogus","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/11.bogus",{"title":1175,"path":1176,"stem":1177},"Humanizer та Guard Clauses в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/humanizer-guard","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/12.humanizer-guard",{"title":1179,"path":1180,"stem":1181},"План модуля 10.libraries — Популярні бібліотеки ASP.NET","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/plan",{"title":1183,"icon":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186,"children":1187,"page":59},"Razor Pages","i-lucide-layout-template","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages",[1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},"Від Minimal API до Razor Pages: концептуальний перехід","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/from-minimal-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/01.from-minimal-api",{"title":1193,"path":1194,"stem":1195},"PageModel: логіка сторінки Razor Pages","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/page-model","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/02.page-model",{"title":1197,"path":1198,"stem":1199},"Razor синтаксис: шаблонізатор у .cshtml","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/razor-syntax","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/03.razor-syntax",{"title":1201,"path":1202,"stem":1203},"Tag Helpers: типізований HTML","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/tag-helpers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/04.tag-helpers",{"title":1205,"path":1206,"stem":1207},"Форми і валідація: повний цикл обробки даних","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/forms-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/05.forms-validation",{"title":1209,"path":1210,"stem":1211},"Практичний проєкт: TaskManager на Razor Pages","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/project-task-manager","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/06.project-task-manager",{"title":1213,"path":1214,"stem":1215,"children":1216,"page":59},"ASP.NET Core MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc",[1217,1221,1225,1229,1233,1237,1241,1245,1249,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1218,"path":1219,"stem":1220},"Патерн MVC: архітектура, що змінила веб","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/mvc-pattern","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/01.mvc-pattern",{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"Від Razor Pages до MVC: концептуальний перехід","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/from-razor-pages","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/02.from-razor-pages",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"Controllers та Actions: серце MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/controllers-actions","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/03.controllers-actions",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"Маршрутизація в MVC: Convention vs Attribute Routing","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/routing-mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/04.routing-mvc",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},"Model Binding: від HTTP до C#","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/model-binding","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/05.model-binding",{"title":1238,"path":1239,"stem":1240},"Views, ViewData, ViewBag, TempData і ViewModel","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/views-viewdata-tempdata","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/06.views-viewdata-tempdata",{"title":1242,"path":1243,"stem":1244},"Filters: аспектно-орієнтоване програмування в MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/filters","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/07.filters",{"title":1246,"path":1247,"stem":1248},"Areas: структурування великих застосунків","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/areas","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/08.areas",{"title":1250,"path":1251,"stem":1252},"View Components: повторювані незалежні блоки UI","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/view-components","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/09.view-components",{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"Display та Editor Templates","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/display-editor-templates","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/10.display-editor-templates",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"Валідація: IValidatableObject та FluentValidation","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/validation-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/11.validation-advanced",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"HTMX: інтерактивність через HTML-атрибути","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/htmx","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/12.htmx",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"HTMX у ASP.NET Core MVC: серверна інтеграція","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/ajax-htmx-mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/13.ajax-htmx-mvc",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"Практичний проєкт: Каталог товарів з HTMX","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/htmx-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/14.htmx-project",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"Завантаження та обробка файлів","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/file-upload","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/15.file-upload",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"Глобалізація та Локалізація MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/globalization-localization","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/16.globalization-localization",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"Підсумковий проєкт: Блог-платформа","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/mvc-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/17.mvc-project",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/plan",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293,"page":59},"Web Api","/csharp/aspnet/web-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api",[1294,1298,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342],{"title":1295,"path":1296,"stem":1297},"Від Minimal API до Controller-based API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/from-minimal-api-to-controllers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/01.from-minimal-api-to-controllers",{"title":1299,"path":1300,"stem":1301},"ControllerBase, ActionResult\u003CT> та Response Types","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/controller-base-actionresult","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/02.controller-base-actionresult",{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"Content Negotiation - JSON, XML та власні форматери","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/content-negotiation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/03.content-negotiation",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"Версіонування API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/api-versioning","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/04.api-versioning",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"ProblemDetails та структурована обробка помилок","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/problemdetails-error-handling","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/05.problemdetails-error-handling",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"Фільтри у Web API контексті","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/filters-for-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/06.filters-for-api",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"Пагінація, фільтрація та сортування","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/pagination-filtering-sorting","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/07.pagination-filtering-sorting",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"HATEOAS та Resource Expansion","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/hateoas-resource-expansion","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/08.hateoas-resource-expansion",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"Гібридна архітектура - Minimal API + Controllers","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/09.minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"Документація API - Swashbuckle, NSwag та генерація клієнтів","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/api-documentation-generation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/10.api-documentation-generation",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"Health Checks та моніторинг API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/health-checks-monitoring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/11.health-checks-monitoring",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"Підсумковий проєкт - Production-Ready REST API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/web-api-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/12.web-api-project",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core Web API (Controllers)","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/plan",{"title":1347,"icon":1348,"path":1349,"stem":1350,"children":1351,"page":59},"Desktop UI","i-lucide-app-window","/csharp/desktop-ui","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui",[1352,1356,1360,1364,1368,1372,1376,1380,1384,1388,1392,1396,1400,1404,1408,1412,1416,1420,1424,1428,1432,1436,1440,1444,1448,1452,1456,1460,1464,1468,1472,1476,1480,1484,1488,1492,1496,1500,1504,1508,1512,1516,1520,1524,1528,1532,1536,1540,1544,1548,1552,1556,1560,1564,1568,1572,1576,1580,1584,1588,1592,1596,1600,1604,1608,1612,1616,1620,1624,1628,1632],{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"Що таке десктопна розробка?","/csharp/desktop-ui/what-is-desktop-dev","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/01.what-is-desktop-dev",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"Архітектура WPF — як влаштований графічний інтерфейс","/csharp/desktop-ui/wpf-architecture","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/02.wpf-architecture",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"Перший WPF-проєкт — від нуля до вікна","/csharp/desktop-ui/first-wpf-app","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/03.first-wpf-app",{"title":1365,"path":1366,"stem":1367},"Перший Avalonia-проєкт: WPF для всіх платформ","/csharp/desktop-ui/03a.first-avalonia-app","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/03a.first-avalonia-app",{"title":1369,"path":1370,"stem":1371},"XAML: декларативний інтерфейс","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-basics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04.xaml-basics",{"title":1373,"path":1374,"stem":1375},"Fluent UI у WPF — сучасний дизайн Windows 11","/csharp/desktop-ui/04a.wpf-fluent-ui","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04a.wpf-fluent-ui",{"title":1377,"path":1378,"stem":1379},"WPF UI — сучасна бібліотека Fluent контролів","/csharp/desktop-ui/04b.wpf-ui-library","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04b.wpf-ui-library",{"title":1381,"path":1382,"stem":1383},"HandyControl — велика бібліотека UI контролів для WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/04c.handycontrol-library","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04c.handycontrol-library",{"title":1385,"path":1386,"stem":1387},"Простори імен та ресурси XAML","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-namespaces-resources","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/05.xaml-namespaces-resources",{"title":1389,"path":1390,"stem":1391},"XAML в Avalonia: ключові відмінності від WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/05a.avalonia-xaml-differences","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/05a.avalonia-xaml-differences",{"title":1393,"path":1394,"stem":1395},"Розширення розмітки XAML (Markup Extensions)","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-markup-extensions","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/06.xaml-markup-extensions",{"title":1397,"path":1398,"stem":1399},"Панелі Layout: StackPanel, WrapPanel, DockPanel","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-panels-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/07.layout-panels-part1",{"title":1401,"path":1402,"stem":1403},"Grid, Canvas, UniformGrid","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-panels-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/07.layout-panels-part2",{"title":1405,"path":1406,"stem":1407},"Просунуті техніки Layout","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-advanced","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/08.layout-advanced",{"title":1409,"path":1410,"stem":1411},"Адаптивний Layout та найкращі практики","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-responsive","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/09.layout-responsive",{"title":1413,"path":1414,"stem":1415},"Layout в Avalonia: відмінності та нові можливості","/csharp/desktop-ui/09a.layout-avalonia","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/09a.layout-avalonia",{"title":1417,"path":1418,"stem":1419},"Button, Image, ProgressBar та інші базові контроли","/csharp/desktop-ui/basic-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/10.basic-controls",{"title":1421,"path":1422,"stem":1423},"Контроли в Avalonia: відмінності від WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/10a.controls-avalonia","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/10a.controls-avalonia",{"title":1425,"path":1426,"stem":1427},"Текстові контроли — TextBlock, TextBox, RichTextBox","/csharp/desktop-ui/text-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/11.text-controls",{"title":1429,"path":1430,"stem":1431},"Контроли вибору — CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, ListBox, DatePicker","/csharp/desktop-ui/selection-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/12.selection-controls",{"title":1433,"path":1434,"stem":1435},"Content Model — GroupBox, Expander, TabControl, StatusBar","/csharp/desktop-ui/content-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/13.content-controls",{"title":1437,"path":1438,"stem":1439},"UI/UX принципи десктопних застосунків","/csharp/desktop-ui/13a.ui-ux-principles","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/13a.ui-ux-principles",{"title":1441,"path":1442,"stem":1443},"Dependency Properties — Концепція та Value Resolution","/csharp/desktop-ui/dependency-properties-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/14.dependency-properties-part1",{"title":1445,"path":1446,"stem":1447},"Avalonia Property System — StyledProperty та DirectProperty","/csharp/desktop-ui/14a.avalonia-property-system","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/14a.avalonia-property-system",{"title":1449,"path":1450,"stem":1451},"Attached Properties — Властивості без меж","/csharp/desktop-ui/attached-properties","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/15.attached-properties",{"title":1453,"path":1454,"stem":1455},"Routed Events — Маршрутизація подій у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/routed-events","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/16.routed-events",{"title":1457,"path":1458,"stem":1459},"Data Binding — Від Code-Behind до Декларативності","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-basics-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17.data-binding-basics-part1",{"title":1461,"path":1462,"stem":1463},"INotifyPropertyChanged — Живе оновлення UI","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-basics-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17.data-binding-basics-part2",{"title":1465,"path":1466,"stem":1467},"Compiled Bindings в Avalonia — Безпека на етапі компіляції","/csharp/desktop-ui/17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings",{"title":1469,"path":1470,"stem":1471},"Просунутий Data Binding — ElementName, RelativeSource, MultiBinding","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-advanced","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/18.data-binding-advanced",{"title":1473,"path":1474,"stem":1475},"Value Converters — Перетворення типів даних у Data Binding","/csharp/desktop-ui/value-converters","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/19.value-converters",{"title":1477,"path":1478,"stem":1479},"Data Templates — Візуалізація об'єктів у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-templates","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/20.data-templates",{"title":1481,"path":1482,"stem":1483},"Collections Binding Part 1 — ObservableCollection та ItemsControl","/csharp/desktop-ui/collections-binding-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/21.collections-binding-part1",{"title":1485,"path":1486,"stem":1487},"Collections Binding Part 2 — ICollectionView, Filtering, Sorting та Virtualization","/csharp/desktop-ui/collections-binding-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/21.collections-binding-part2",{"title":1489,"path":1490,"stem":1491},"MVVM Pattern — Від Spaghetti Code до архітектури","/csharp/desktop-ui/mvvm-pattern","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/22.mvvm-pattern",{"title":1493,"path":1494,"stem":1495},"ViewModel Implementation — Від BaseViewModel до валідації","/csharp/desktop-ui/viewmodel-implementation","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/23.viewmodel-implementation",{"title":1497,"path":1498,"stem":1499},"Commands — Від event handlers до декларативних команд","/csharp/desktop-ui/commands","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/24.commands",{"title":1501,"path":1502,"stem":1503},"MVVM Toolkit — MVVM без boilerplate через Source Generators","/csharp/desktop-ui/mvvm-toolkit","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/25.mvvm-toolkit",{"title":1505,"path":1506,"stem":1507},"Messenger Pattern — Комунікація між ViewModel без прямих посилань","/csharp/desktop-ui/messenger-pattern","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/26.messenger-pattern",{"title":1509,"path":1510,"stem":1511},"Стилі WPF — CSS для десктопу","/csharp/desktop-ui/styles-basics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/27.styles-basics",{"title":1513,"path":1514,"stem":1515},"CSS-like стилі Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/27a.avalonia-css-styling","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/27a.avalonia-css-styling",{"title":1517,"path":1518,"stem":1519},"Control Templates — Частина 1. Концепція та TemplateBinding","/csharp/desktop-ui/control-templates-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28.control-templates-part1",{"title":1521,"path":1522,"stem":1523},"Control Templates — Частина 2. Named Parts та ContentPresenter","/csharp/desktop-ui/control-templates-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28.control-templates-part2",{"title":1525,"path":1526,"stem":1527},"Control Themes в Avalonia — нова ера стилізації","/csharp/desktop-ui/28a.avalonia-control-themes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28a.avalonia-control-themes",{"title":1529,"path":1530,"stem":1531},"Triggers та Visual State Manager у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/triggers-visual-states","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/29.triggers-visual-states",{"title":1533,"path":1534,"stem":1535},"Pseudo-classes в Avalonia — замість WPF Triggers","/csharp/desktop-ui/29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes",{"title":1537,"path":1538,"stem":1539},"Теми та ресурсні словники у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/resources-themes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/30.resources-themes",{"title":1541,"path":1542,"stem":1543},"Avalonia Themes — Fluent Design та система тематизації","/csharp/desktop-ui/30a.avalonia-themes-fluent","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/30a.avalonia-themes-fluent",{"title":1545,"path":1546,"stem":1547},"Контроли колекцій — глибоке занурення","/csharp/desktop-ui/collection-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/31.collection-controls",{"title":1549,"path":1550,"stem":1551},"DataGrid — колонки та базове відображення","/csharp/desktop-ui/datagrid-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/32.datagrid-part1",{"title":1553,"path":1554,"stem":1555},"DataGrid — сортування, фільтрація, редагування","/csharp/desktop-ui/datagrid-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/32.datagrid-part2",{"title":1557,"path":1558,"stem":1559},"TreeView та GridView","/csharp/desktop-ui/treeview-listview","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/33.treeview-listview",{"title":1561,"path":1562,"stem":1563},"Меню, Toolbar, ContextMenu, StatusBar","/csharp/desktop-ui/menus-toolbars","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/34.menus-toolbars",{"title":1565,"path":1566,"stem":1567},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 1: вікна та сторінки","/csharp/desktop-ui/navigation-windows-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35.navigation-windows-part1",{"title":1569,"path":1570,"stem":1571},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 2: MVVM-навігація","/csharp/desktop-ui/navigation-windows-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35.navigation-windows-part2",{"title":1573,"path":1574,"stem":1575},"Avalonia — Навігація та діалоги","/csharp/desktop-ui/35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs",{"title":1577,"path":1578,"stem":1579},"Діалоги та File Pickers у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/dialogs-file-pickers","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/36.dialogs-file-pickers",{"title":1581,"path":1582,"stem":1583},"UserControl: компонентний підхід у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/user-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/37.user-controls",{"title":1585,"path":1586,"stem":1587},"Custom Controls: Lookless Controls у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/custom-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/38.custom-controls",{"title":1589,"path":1590,"stem":1591},"Avalonia TemplatedControl — Lookless Controls","/csharp/desktop-ui/38a.avalonia-templated-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/38a.avalonia-templated-controls",{"title":1593,"path":1594,"stem":1595},"Анімації у WPF: Storyboard та Easing Functions","/csharp/desktop-ui/animations-transitions","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/39.animations-transitions",{"title":1597,"path":1598,"stem":1599},"Анімації в Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/39a.avalonia-animations","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/39a.avalonia-animations",{"title":1601,"path":1602,"stem":1603},"2D Графіка та Мультимедіа у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/media-graphics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/40.media-graphics",{"title":1605,"path":1606,"stem":1607},"Dependency Injection у WPF та Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/di-integration","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/41.di-integration",{"title":1609,"path":1610,"stem":1611},"SQLite та EF Core у десктопних додатках","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-persistence-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/42.data-persistence-part1",{"title":1613,"path":1614,"stem":1615},"Repository Pattern та Unit of Work","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-persistence-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/43.data-persistence-part2",{"title":1617,"path":1618,"stem":1619},"Тестування ViewModels","/csharp/desktop-ui/viewmodel-testing","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/44.viewmodel-testing",{"title":1621,"path":1622,"stem":1623},"Avalonia Headless Testing — тестування UI без вікон","/csharp/desktop-ui/44a.avalonia-headless-testing","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/44a.avalonia-headless-testing",{"title":1625,"path":1626,"stem":1627},"Кросплатформна розробка з Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/avalonia-cross-platform","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/45.avalonia-cross-platform",{"title":1629,"path":1630,"stem":1631},"Пакування та розгортання Avalonia додатків","/csharp/desktop-ui/avalonia-packaging-deployment","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/46.avalonia-packaging-deployment",{"title":1633,"path":1634,"stem":1635},"Розгортання WPF застосунків","/csharp/desktop-ui/wpf-packaging-deployment","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/47.wpf-packaging-deployment",{"title":1637,"icon":658,"path":1638,"stem":1639,"children":1640,"page":59},"Network Programming","/csharp/network-programming","01.csharp/13.network-programming",[1641,1645,1649],{"title":1642,"path":1643,"stem":1644},"Основи комп'ютерних мереж","/csharp/network-programming/foundations","01.csharp/13.network-programming/01.foundations",{"title":1646,"path":1647,"stem":1648},"Модель OSI та стек TCP/IP","/csharp/network-programming/osi-model","01.csharp/13.network-programming/02.osi-model",{"title":1650,"path":1651,"stem":1652},"IP-протокол та адресація","/csharp/network-programming/ip-addressing","01.csharp/13.network-programming/03.ip-addressing",{"title":1654,"path":1655,"stem":1656},"C# & .NET: The Ultimate Roadmap","/csharp/roadmap","01.csharp/roadmap",{"title":1658,"icon":1659,"path":1660,"stem":1661,"children":1662,"page":59},"C++","i-devicon-cplusplus","/cpp","02.cpp",[1663,1667,1671,1675,1679,1683,1687,1691,1695,1698,1702,1706,1710,1714,1718,1722,1726,1730,1734,1738,1742,1746,1750,1754,1758,1762,1766,1770,1774,1778,1782,1786,1790,1794,1798,1802,1806],{"title":1664,"path":1665,"stem":1666},"Вступ у програмування та алгоритми","/cpp/intro-algorithms","02.cpp/01.intro-algorithms",{"title":1668,"path":1669,"stem":1670},"Code Style: угоди про оформлення коду","/cpp/code-style","02.cpp/02.code-style",{"title":1672,"path":1673,"stem":1674},"Середовище розробки та перший проєкт","/cpp/ide-setup","02.cpp/03.ide-setup",{"title":1676,"path":1677,"stem":1678},"Вивід даних на екран","/cpp/data-output","02.cpp/04.data-output",{"title":1680,"path":1681,"stem":1682},"Типи даних, змінні та константи","/cpp/data-types-variables","02.cpp/05.data-types-variables",{"title":1684,"path":1685,"stem":1686},"Ввід даних з клавіатури","/cpp/data-input","02.cpp/06.data-input",{"title":1688,"path":1689,"stem":1690},"Оператори, перетворення типів та логічні операції","/cpp/operators-type-conversion","02.cpp/07.operators-type-conversion",{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},"Цикли","/cpp/loops","02.cpp/08.loops",{"title":32,"path":1696,"stem":1697},"/cpp/arrays","02.cpp/09.arrays",{"title":1699,"path":1700,"stem":1701},"Алгоритми сортування та аналіз складності","/cpp/sorting","02.cpp/10.sorting",{"title":1703,"path":1704,"stem":1705},"Алгоритми пошуку","/cpp/searching","02.cpp/11.searching",{"title":1707,"path":1708,"stem":1709},"Функції: основи","/cpp/functions-basics","02.cpp/12.functions-basics",{"title":1711,"path":1712,"stem":1713},"Функції: прототипи, область видимості та додаткові можливості","/cpp/functions-scope","02.cpp/13.functions-scope",{"title":1715,"path":1716,"stem":1717},"Функції: перевантаження та шаблони","/cpp/functions-overloading-templates","02.cpp/14.functions-overloading-templates",{"title":1719,"path":1720,"stem":1721},"Вказівники: основи","/cpp/pointers-basics","02.cpp/15.pointers-basics",{"title":1723,"path":1724,"stem":1725},"Посилання (References)","/cpp/references","02.cpp/16.references",{"title":1727,"path":1728,"stem":1729},"Вказівники, const і масиви","/cpp/pointers-const-arrays","02.cpp/17.pointers-const-arrays",{"title":1731,"path":1732,"stem":1733},"Адресна арифметика","/cpp/pointer-arithmetic","02.cpp/18.pointer-arithmetic",{"title":1735,"path":1736,"stem":1737},"Динамічна пам'ять","/cpp/dynamic-memory","02.cpp/19.dynamic-memory",{"title":1739,"path":1740,"stem":1741},"Вказівники типу void","/cpp/void-pointers","02.cpp/20.void-pointers",{"title":1743,"path":1744,"stem":1745},"Вказівники на вказівники","/cpp/pointers-to-pointers","02.cpp/21.pointers-to-pointers",{"title":1747,"path":1748,"stem":1749},"Оператор доступу до членів через вказівник (->)","/cpp/member-access-operator","02.cpp/22.member-access-operator",{"title":1751,"path":1752,"stem":1753},"Цикл for-each (Range-based for)","/cpp/foreach-loop","02.cpp/23.foreach-loop",{"title":1755,"path":1756,"stem":1757},"Вказівники на функції","/cpp/function-pointers","02.cpp/24.function-pointers",{"title":1759,"path":1760,"stem":1761},"Лямбда-вирази","/cpp/lambdas","02.cpp/25.lambdas",{"title":1763,"path":1764,"stem":1765},"Лямбда-захоплення","/cpp/lambda-captures","02.cpp/26.lambda-captures",{"title":1767,"path":1768,"stem":1769},"Еліпсис","/cpp/ellipsis","02.cpp/27.ellipsis",{"title":1771,"path":1772,"stem":1773},"Аргументи командного рядка","/cpp/command-line-arguments","02.cpp/28.command-line-arguments",{"title":1775,"path":1776,"stem":1777},"Перерахування (enum)","/cpp/enum","02.cpp/29.enum",{"title":1779,"path":1780,"stem":1781},"Класи-перерахування (enum class)","/cpp/enum-class","02.cpp/30.enum-class",{"title":1783,"path":1784,"stem":1785},"Псевдоніми типів (typedef і using)","/cpp/type-aliases","02.cpp/31.type-aliases",{"title":1787,"path":1788,"stem":1789},"Системи числення та двійкова арифметика","/cpp/number-systems","02.cpp/32.number-systems",{"title":1791,"path":1792,"stem":1793},"Структури (struct): агрегування даних","/cpp/struct","02.cpp/33.struct",{"title":1795,"path":1796,"stem":1797},"Структури у функціях","/cpp/struct-functions","02.cpp/34.struct-functions",{"title":1799,"path":1800,"stem":1801},"Масиви структур і вкладені структури","/cpp/struct-arrays","02.cpp/35.struct-arrays",{"title":1803,"path":1804,"stem":1805},"Патерни struct та межі застосування","/cpp/struct-patterns","02.cpp/36.struct-patterns",{"title":1807,"path":1808,"stem":1809},"План навчання: Курс C++ — Продовження (Статті 29–60+)","/cpp/curriculum-plan","02.cpp/curriculum-plan",{"title":1811,"icon":1812,"path":1813,"stem":1814,"children":1815,"page":59},"JavaScript","i-devicon-javascript","/javascript","03.javascript",[1816,1842,1896,1918,2222,2260],{"title":1817,"icon":1818,"path":1819,"stem":1820,"children":1821,"page":59},"Events","i-lucide-mouse-pointer-click","/javascript/events","03.javascript/01.events",[1822,1826,1830,1834,1838],{"title":1823,"path":1824,"stem":1825},"Вступ до подій браузера","/javascript/events/intro","03.javascript/01.events/01.intro",{"title":1827,"path":1828,"stem":1829},"Бульбашковий механізм (Bubbling) та занурення (Capturing)","/javascript/events/bubbling-capturing","03.javascript/01.events/02.bubbling-capturing",{"title":1831,"path":1832,"stem":1833},"Делегування подій (Event Delegation)","/javascript/events/delegate-events","03.javascript/01.events/03.delegate-events",{"title":1835,"path":1836,"stem":1837},"Типові дії браузера та preventDefault()","/javascript/events/prevent-default","03.javascript/01.events/04.prevent-default",{"title":1839,"path":1840,"stem":1841},"Запуск користувацьких подій (Custom Events)","/javascript/events/custom-events","03.javascript/01.events/05.custom-events",{"title":1843,"icon":1844,"path":1845,"stem":1846,"children":1847,"page":59},"Network","i-lucide-globe","/javascript/network","03.javascript/02.network",[1848,1852,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880,1884,1888,1892],{"title":1849,"path":1850,"stem":1851},"Fetch API - Сучасний підхід до HTTP-запитів","/javascript/network/01-fetch-api","03.javascript/02.network/01-fetch-api",{"title":1853,"path":1854,"stem":1855},"FormData - Робота з формами та файлами","/javascript/network/02-formdata","03.javascript/02.network/02-formdata",{"title":1857,"path":1858,"stem":1859},"Відстеження прогресу завантаження","/javascript/network/03-download-progress","03.javascript/02.network/03-download-progress",{"title":1861,"path":1862,"stem":1863},"Переривання fetch-запитів","/javascript/network/04-abort-requests","03.javascript/02.network/04-abort-requests",{"title":1865,"path":1866,"stem":1867},"CORS - Запити між різними джерелами","/javascript/network/05-cors","03.javascript/02.network/05-cors",{"title":1869,"path":1870,"stem":1871},"Fetch API - Повний довідник опцій","/javascript/network/06-fetch-options","03.javascript/02.network/06-fetch-options",{"title":1873,"path":1874,"stem":1875},"URL Objects - Робота з посиланнями","/javascript/network/07-url-objects","03.javascript/02.network/07-url-objects",{"title":1877,"path":1878,"stem":1879},"XMLHttpRequest - AJAX та низькорівневі запити","/javascript/network/08-xmlhttprequest","03.javascript/02.network/08-xmlhttprequest",{"title":1881,"path":1882,"stem":1883},"Відновлюване завантаження файлів","/javascript/network/09-resumable-upload","03.javascript/02.network/09-resumable-upload",{"title":1885,"path":1886,"stem":1887},"Cookies, document.cookie та світ після \"Cookiepocalypse\"","/javascript/network/10-cookies","03.javascript/02.network/10-cookies",{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891},"js-cookie: Керування Cookies без Болю","/javascript/network/11-js-cookie","03.javascript/02.network/11-js-cookie",{"title":1893,"path":1894,"stem":1895},"Axios: Потужний HTTP-клієнт для JavaScript","/javascript/network/12-axios","03.javascript/02.network/12-axios",{"title":1897,"icon":1898,"path":1899,"stem":1900,"children":1901,"page":59},"Bom","i-lucide-monitor","/javascript/bom","03.javascript/03.bom",[1902,1906,1910,1914],{"title":1903,"path":1904,"stem":1905},"LocalStorage, SessionStorage та patterns збереження даних","/javascript/bom/01-localstorage","03.javascript/03.bom/01-localstorage",{"title":1907,"path":1908,"stem":1909},"Location Object - Керування адресою сторінки","/javascript/bom/02-location-object","03.javascript/03.bom/02-location-object",{"title":1911,"path":1912,"stem":1913},"History API - Керування історією браузера","/javascript/bom/03-history-api","03.javascript/03.bom/03-history-api",{"title":1915,"path":1916,"stem":1917},"Navigator Object - Ідентифікація та Можливості Пристрою","/javascript/bom/04-navigator-object","03.javascript/03.bom/04-navigator-object",{"title":1919,"icon":1920,"path":1921,"stem":1922,"children":1923},"React","i-devicon-react","/javascript/react","03.javascript/04.react/index",[1924,1925,1929,1933,1937,1941,2004,2039,2191],{"title":1919,"path":1921,"stem":1922},{"title":1926,"path":1927,"stem":1928},"Робота з Формами в React","/javascript/react/react-forms","03.javascript/04.react/01.react-forms",{"title":1930,"path":1931,"stem":1932},"React Hook Form: Професійна Робота з Формами","/javascript/react/react-hook-form","03.javascript/04.react/02.react-hook-form",{"title":1934,"path":1935,"stem":1936},"React Hook Form: Глибоке Розуміння Архітектури та Оптимізації","/javascript/react/react-hook-form-new","03.javascript/04.react/02.react-hook-form-new",{"title":1938,"path":1939,"stem":1940},"Axios та React: Професійна Архітектура Запитів","/javascript/react/data-fetching-axios","03.javascript/04.react/03.data-fetching-axios",{"title":1942,"icon":132,"path":1943,"stem":1944,"children":1945},"Tanstack Query","/javascript/react/tanstack-query","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/index",[1946,1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996,2000],{"title":1947,"path":1943,"stem":1944},"TanStack Query: Майстерність Керування Станом Сервера",{"title":1949,"path":1950,"stem":1951},"Парадигма Server State: Чому useEffect недостатньо","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/server-state-paradigm","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/01.server-state-paradigm",{"title":1953,"path":1954,"stem":1955},"Встановлення та Налаштування: Фундамент","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/installation-and-devtools","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/02.installation-and-devtools",{"title":1957,"path":1958,"stem":1959},"Основи Запитів та Магія Ключів","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/query-basics-and-keys","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/03.query-basics-and-keys",{"title":1961,"path":1962,"stem":1963},"Синхронізація Даних: Життєвий Цикл Запиту","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/data-synchronization","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/04.data-synchronization",{"title":1965,"path":1966,"stem":1967},"Мутації та Інвалідація: Зміна Даних","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/mutations-and-invalidation","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/05.mutations-and-invalidation",{"title":1969,"path":1970,"stem":1971},"Оптимістичні Оновлення: Швидше за Світло","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/optimistic-updates","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/06.optimistic-updates",{"title":1973,"path":1974,"stem":1975},"Пагінація та Infinite Scroll","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/pagination-and-load-more","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/07.pagination-and-load-more",{"title":1977,"path":1978,"stem":1979},"Просунуті Патерни та Оптимізація","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/advanced-patterns","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/08.advanced-patterns",{"title":1981,"path":1982,"stem":1983},"Архітектура та Best Practices","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/architecture-and-best-practices","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/09.architecture-and-best-practices",{"title":1985,"path":1986,"stem":1987},"Server-Side Rendering (SSR) та Гідратація","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/server-side-rendering","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/10.server-side-rendering",{"title":1989,"path":1990,"stem":1991},"Стратегії Тестування","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/testing-strategies","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/11.testing-strategies",{"title":1993,"path":1994,"stem":1995},"Аутентифікація та Обробка Помилок","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/authentication-and-errors","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/12.authentication-and-errors",{"title":1997,"path":1998,"stem":1999},"React Suspense та Майбутнє","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/react-suspense","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/13.react-suspense",{"title":2001,"path":2002,"stem":2003},"Глибоке Занурення в Продуктивність","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/performance-deep-dive","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/14.performance-deep-dive",{"title":2005,"icon":1920,"path":2006,"stem":2007,"children":2008},"React Router","/javascript/react/react-router","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/index",[2009,2011,2015,2019,2023,2027,2031,2035],{"title":2010,"path":2006,"stem":2007},"React Router: Навігаційна система сучасного вебу",{"title":2012,"path":2013,"stem":2014},"Налаштування та Базовий Роутинг","/javascript/react/react-router/setup-and-basic-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/01.setup-and-basic-routing",{"title":2016,"path":2017,"stem":2018},"Динамічна Навігація","/javascript/react/react-router/navigation-and-links","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/02.navigation-and-links",{"title":2020,"path":2021,"stem":2022},"Вкладені Маршрути та Макети","/javascript/react/react-router/nested-routes-and-layouts","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/03.nested-routes-and-layouts",{"title":2024,"path":2025,"stem":2026},"Динамічні Маршрути та Параметри","/javascript/react/react-router/dynamic-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/04.dynamic-routing",{"title":2028,"path":2029,"stem":2030},"Data APIs: Loaders та Actions","/javascript/react/react-router/data-loading","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/05.data-loading",{"title":2032,"path":2033,"stem":2034},"Просунуті Патерни","/javascript/react/react-router/advanced-patterns","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/06.advanced-patterns",{"title":2036,"path":2037,"stem":2038},"Legacy Routing: Компонентний підхід","/javascript/react/react-router/legacy-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/07.legacy-routing",{"title":2040,"icon":132,"path":2041,"stem":2042,"children":2043},"Redux","/javascript/react/redux","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/index",[2044,2046,2062,2091,2100,2121,2137,2166],{"title":2045,"path":2041,"stem":2042},"Redux: Еволюція управління станом",{"title":14,"icon":15,"path":2047,"stem":2048,"children":2049,"page":59},"/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals",[2050,2054,2058],{"title":2051,"path":2052,"stem":2053},"Вступ до State Management","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/intro-state-management","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/01.intro-state-management",{"title":2055,"path":2056,"stem":2057},"Філософія Redux та Три Принципи","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/redux-philosophy","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/02.redux-philosophy",{"title":2059,"path":2060,"stem":2061},"Чисті функції та Іммутабельність","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/pure-functions-immutability","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/03.pure-functions-immutability",{"title":2063,"icon":132,"path":2064,"stem":2065,"children":2066,"page":59},"Classic Redux","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux",[2067,2071,2075,2079,2083,2087],{"title":2068,"path":2069,"stem":2070},"Створення Store (Classic Redux)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/store-setup","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/01.store-setup",{"title":2072,"path":2073,"stem":2074},"Actions, Constants та Action Creators","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/actions-constants","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/02.actions-constants",{"title":2076,"path":2077,"stem":2078},"Логіка Reducers","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/reducers","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/03.reducers",{"title":2080,"path":2081,"stem":2082},"Комбінування Reducers (Root Reducer)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/data-flow","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/04.data-flow",{"title":2084,"path":2085,"stem":2086},"Підключення до React (React-Redux)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/react-redux-connection","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/05.react-redux-connection",{"title":2088,"path":2089,"stem":2090},"Middleware та Асинхронність (Redux Thunk)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/middleware-thunk","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/06.middleware-thunk",{"title":2092,"icon":132,"path":2093,"stem":2094,"children":2095,"page":59},"Transition To Rtk","/javascript/react/redux/transition-to-rtk","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/03.transition-to-rtk",[2096],{"title":2097,"path":2098,"stem":2099},"Проблеми класичного Redux","/javascript/react/redux/transition-to-rtk/problems-with-classic","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/03.transition-to-rtk/01.problems-with-classic",{"title":2101,"icon":132,"path":2102,"stem":2103,"children":2104,"page":59},"Redux Toolkit","/javascript/react/redux/redux-toolkit","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/04.redux-toolkit",[2105,2109,2113,2117],{"title":2106,"path":2107,"stem":2108},"Налаштування Store з configureStore","/javascript/react/redux/redux-toolkit/configure-store","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/04.redux-toolkit/01.configure-store",{"title":2110,"path":2111,"stem":2112},"createSlice: Революція в Redux","/javascript/react/redux/redux-toolkit/create-slice","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/04.redux-toolkit/02.create-slice",{"title":2114,"path":2115,"stem":2116},"Асинхронність з createAsyncThunk","/javascript/react/redux/redux-toolkit/async-thunks","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/04.redux-toolkit/03.async-thunks",{"title":2118,"path":2119,"stem":2120},"04. 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БД?","/java/pr2/beyond-relational","04.java/pr2/07.beyond-relational",{"title":2326,"path":2327,"stem":2328},"Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch: Два світи, що не хочуть дружити","/java/pr2/impedance-mismatch","04.java/pr2/09.impedance-mismatch",{"title":2330,"path":2331,"stem":2332},"JDBC: Перший контакт із базою даних","/java/pr2/jdbc-fundamentals","04.java/pr2/10.jdbc-fundamentals",{"title":2334,"path":2335,"stem":2336},"Якість коду: Spotless, SpotBugs та SonarQube","/java/pr2/10a.code-quality","04.java/pr2/10a.code-quality",{"title":2338,"path":2339,"stem":2340},"Connection Pool: Патерн Object Pool для JDBC-з'єднань","/java/pr2/connection-pool","04.java/pr2/11.connection-pool",{"title":2342,"path":2343,"stem":2344},"Row Data Gateway: Об'єкт як обгортка рядка таблиці","/java/pr2/row-data-gateway","04.java/pr2/12.row-data-gateway",{"title":2346,"path":2347,"stem":2348},"Table Data Gateway: Фасад таблиці як архітектурний відступ","/java/pr2/table-data-gateway","04.java/pr2/13.table-data-gateway",{"title":2350,"path":2351,"stem":2352},"Repository + Data Mapper: Правильна шарова архітектура з JDBC","/java/pr2/repository-data-mapper","04.java/pr2/14.repository-data-mapper",{"title":2354,"path":2355,"stem":2356},"Identity Map: Кешування сутностей у рамках сесії","/java/pr2/identity-map","04.java/pr2/15.identity-map",{"title":2358,"path":2359,"stem":2360},"Unit of Work: Відстеження змін і координація JDBC-транзакцій","/java/pr2/unit-of-work","04.java/pr2/16.unit-of-work",{"title":2362,"path":2363,"stem":2364},"Strategy: Замінювані SQL-стратегії для підтримки різних СУБД","/java/pr2/strategy-sql","04.java/pr2/17.strategy-sql",{"title":2366,"path":2367,"stem":2368},"Proxy: Lazy Loading для One-To-Many колекцій","/java/pr2/proxy-lazy-loading","04.java/pr2/18.proxy-lazy-loading",{"title":2370,"path":2371,"stem":2372},"Generic Repository через Java Reflection: анотації та динамічний SQL","/java/pr2/generic-repository-reflection","04.java/pr2/19.generic-repository-reflection",{"title":2374,"path":2375,"stem":2376},"Specification Pattern: Композиція бізнес-правил для складних запитів","/java/pr2/specification-pattern","04.java/pr2/20.specification-pattern",{"title":2378,"path":2379,"stem":2380},"Розширені можливості Specification Pattern: підзапити, агрегації та гібридний підхід","/java/pr2/20a.advanced-specifications","04.java/pr2/20a.advanced-specifications",{"title":2382,"path":2383,"stem":2384},"Асинхронність у JDBC: Від блокуючих викликів до CompletableFuture","/java/pr2/asynchronous-jdbc","04.java/pr2/21.asynchronous-jdbc",{"title":2386,"path":2387,"stem":2388},"Інтеграційне тестування JDBC-репозиторіїв: Embedded H2 та патерн AAA","/java/pr2/integration-testing-h2","04.java/pr2/22.integration-testing-h2",{"title":2390,"path":2391,"stem":2392},"Testcontainers: Тестування з реальною PostgreSQL у Docker-контейнерах","/java/pr2/integration-testing-testcontainers","04.java/pr2/23.integration-testing-testcontainers",{"title":2394,"path":2395,"stem":2396},"Google Guice: Впровадження залежностей у JavaFX-проєкті","/java/pr2/dependency-injection-guice","04.java/pr2/24.dependency-injection-guice",{"title":2398,"path":2399,"stem":2400},"JavaFX: Основи побудови графічних інтерфейсів","/java/pr2/javafx-fundamentals","04.java/pr2/25.javafx-fundamentals",{"title":2402,"path":2403,"stem":2404},"Properties та Bindings: Реактивність у JavaFX","/java/pr2/javafx-properties-bindings","04.java/pr2/26.javafx-properties-bindings",{"title":2406,"path":2407,"stem":2408},"MVC vs MVP vs MVVM: Еволюція архітектурних патернів UI","/java/pr2/ui-architecture-patterns","04.java/pr2/27.ui-architecture-patterns",{"title":2410,"path":2411,"stem":2412},"MVVM на практиці: Побудова ViewModel","/java/pr2/mvvm-viewmodel-implementation","04.java/pr2/28.mvvm-viewmodel-implementation",{"title":2414,"path":2415,"stem":2416},"View та Controller: Зв'язування з ViewModel через FXML","/java/pr2/mvvm-view-controller","04.java/pr2/29.mvvm-view-controller",{"title":2418,"path":2419,"stem":2420},"Інтеграція MVVM з Guice: Автоматична ін'єкція залежностей","/java/pr2/mvvm-guice-integration","04.java/pr2/30.mvvm-guice-integration",{"title":2422,"path":2423,"stem":2424},"Валідація та обробка помилок у MVVM","/java/pr2/mvvm-validation-error-handling","04.java/pr2/31.mvvm-validation-error-handling",{"title":2426,"path":2427,"stem":2428},"Навігація та управління екранами у JavaFX MVVM","/java/pr2/mvvm-navigation-screen-management","04.java/pr2/32.mvvm-navigation-screen-management",{"title":2430,"path":2431,"stem":2432},"Тестування JavaFX MVVM-додатків","/java/pr2/mvvm-testing","04.java/pr2/33.mvvm-testing",{"title":2434,"path":2435,"stem":2436},"Стилізація та теми у JavaFX: CSS та User Experience","/java/pr2/javafx-styling-themes","04.java/pr2/34.javafx-styling-themes",{"title":2438,"path":2439,"stem":2440},"AtlantaFX: Сучасні теми для JavaFX додатків","/java/pr2/atlantafx-modern-themes","04.java/pr2/35.atlantafx-modern-themes",{"title":2442,"path":2443,"stem":2444},"Пакування та розповсюдження JavaFX-додатків","/java/pr2/jar-packaging-distribution","04.java/pr2/36.jar-packaging-distribution",{"title":2446,"icon":2447,"path":2448,"stem":2449,"children":2450,"page":59},"Бази даних","i-lucide-database","/databases","06.databases",[2451,2481,2504,2541,2570,2588,2622,2634,2643],{"title":2452,"icon":2453,"path":2454,"stem":2455,"children":2456,"page":59},"Intro","i-lucide-play","/databases/intro","06.databases/01.intro",[2457,2461,2465,2469,2473,2477],{"title":2458,"path":2459,"stem":2460},"Введення в теорію баз даних","/databases/intro/introduction-to-databases","06.databases/01.intro/01.introduction-to-databases",{"title":2462,"path":2463,"stem":2464},"Реляційна модель даних","/databases/intro/relational-model-theory","06.databases/01.intro/02.relational-model-theory",{"title":2466,"path":2467,"stem":2468},"ER-моделювання","/databases/intro/er-modeling","06.databases/01.intro/03.er-modeling",{"title":2470,"path":2471,"stem":2472},"Логічне проектування БД","/databases/intro/logical-schema","06.databases/01.intro/04.logical-schema",{"title":2474,"path":2475,"stem":2476},"Класифікація таблиць","/databases/intro/table-classification","06.databases/01.intro/05.table-classification",{"title":2478,"path":2479,"stem":2480},"PlantUML для баз даних","/databases/intro/plantuml-diagrams","06.databases/01.intro/06.plantuml-diagrams",{"title":2482,"icon":2447,"path":2483,"stem":2484,"children":2485,"page":59},"MS SQL Server Start","/databases/ms-sql-server-start","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start",[2486,2490,2496,2500],{"title":2487,"path":2488,"stem":2489},"Типи даних у MS SQL Server","/databases/ms-sql-server-start/data-types","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start/01.data-types",{"title":2491,"path":2492,"stem":2493,"children":2494},"Індекси у MS SQL Server","/databases/ms-sql-server-start/sql-indexes","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start/02.sql-indexes",[2495],{"title":2491,"path":2492,"stem":2493},{"title":2497,"path":2498,"stem":2499},"Системні бази даних MS SQL Server","/databases/ms-sql-server-start/system-databases","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start/03.system-databases",{"title":2501,"path":2502,"stem":2503},"Огляд мови SQL та запитів","/databases/ms-sql-server-start/sql-queries-overview","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start/04.sql-queries-overview",{"title":2505,"icon":2447,"path":2506,"stem":2507,"children":2508,"page":59},"SQL","/databases/sql","06.databases/03.sql",[2509,2513,2517,2521,2525,2529,2533,2537],{"title":2510,"path":2511,"stem":2512},"Налаштування демонстраційної бази даних","/databases/sql/sample-database-setup","06.databases/03.sql/00.sample-database-setup",{"title":2514,"path":2515,"stem":2516},"DDL - Створення таблиць (CREATE TABLE)","/databases/sql/ddl-create-table","06.databases/03.sql/01.ddl-create-table",{"title":2518,"path":2519,"stem":2520},"DDL - Зміна та видалення таблиць (ALTER, DROP)","/databases/sql/ddl-alter-drop-table","06.databases/03.sql/02.ddl-alter-drop-table",{"title":2522,"path":2523,"stem":2524},"SELECT запити - Основи","/databases/sql/select-queries-fundamentals","06.databases/03.sql/03.select-queries-fundamentals",{"title":2526,"path":2527,"stem":2528},"SELECT запити - Розширені можливості","/databases/sql/select-queries-advanced","06.databases/03.sql/04.select-queries-advanced",{"title":2530,"path":2531,"stem":2532},"INSERT запити - Додавання даних","/databases/sql/insert-queries","06.databases/03.sql/05.insert-queries",{"title":2534,"path":2535,"stem":2536},"UPDATE та DELETE 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Server","/databases/aggregate-functions/introduction-aggregate-functions","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/01.introduction-aggregate-functions",{"title":2581,"path":2582,"stem":2583},"Групування даних в MS SQL Server","/databases/aggregate-functions/grouping-data","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/02.grouping-data",{"title":2585,"path":2586,"stem":2587},"Підзапити з агрегатними функціями","/databases/aggregate-functions/subqueries-aggregates","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/03.subqueries-aggregates",{"title":2589,"icon":2590,"path":2591,"stem":2592,"children":2593,"page":59},"Тригери та зберігаємі процедури","i-lucide-database-zap","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures",[2594,2598,2602,2606,2610,2614,2618],{"title":2595,"path":2596,"stem":2597},"DML-тригери","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/dml-triggers","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/01.dml-triggers",{"title":2599,"path":2600,"stem":2601},"DDL-тригери","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/ddl-triggers","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/02.ddl-triggers",{"title":2603,"path":2604,"stem":2605},"Transact-SQL розширення","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/transact-sql-extensions","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/03.transact-sql-extensions",{"title":2607,"path":2608,"stem":2609},"Транзакції","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/transactions","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/04.transactions",{"title":2611,"path":2612,"stem":2613},"Зберігаємі процедури","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/stored-procedures","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/05.stored-procedures",{"title":2615,"path":2616,"stem":2617},"Користувацькі функції","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/user-defined-functions","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/06.user-defined-functions",{"title":2619,"path":2620,"stem":2621},"Безпека баз даних","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/security","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/08.security",{"title":2619,"icon":793,"path":2623,"stem":2624,"children":2625,"page":59},"/databases/security","06.databases/08.security",[2626,2630],{"title":2627,"path":2628,"stem":2629},"Вступ до безпеки баз даних","/databases/security/introduction","06.databases/08.security/01.introduction",{"title":2631,"path":2632,"stem":2633},"Системні представлення та метадані","/databases/security/system-views","06.databases/08.security/02.system-views",{"title":2635,"icon":2636,"path":2637,"stem":2638,"children":2639,"page":59},"Резервне копіювання та відновлення","i-lucide-database-backup","/databases/backup-recovery","06.databases/09.backup-recovery",[2640],{"title":2635,"path":2641,"stem":2642},"/databases/backup-recovery/backup-restore","06.databases/09.backup-recovery/01.backup-restore",{"title":2644,"icon":2645,"path":2646,"stem":2647,"children":2648,"page":59},"Повнотекстовий пошук","i-lucide-search","/databases/full-text-search","06.databases/10.full-text-search",[2649],{"title":2644,"path":2650,"stem":2651},"/databases/full-text-search/full-text-search","06.databases/10.full-text-search/01.full-text-search",{"title":2653,"icon":2654,"path":2655,"stem":2656,"children":2657,"page":59},"Tools","i-lucide-wrench","/tools","07.tools",[2658,2734],{"title":2659,"icon":2660,"path":2661,"stem":2662,"children":2663},"Docker","i-simple-icons-docker","/tools/docker","07.tools/01.docker/index",[2664,2666,2670,2674,2678,2682,2686,2690,2694,2698,2702,2706,2710,2714,2718,2722,2726,2730],{"title":2665,"path":2661,"stem":2662},"Docker: від нуля до production",{"title":2667,"path":2668,"stem":2669},"Контейнеризація — від проблеми до рішення","/tools/docker/containerization-concept","07.tools/01.docker/01.containerization-concept",{"title":2671,"path":2672,"stem":2673},"Docker — що це і навіщо?","/tools/docker/docker-what-and-why","07.tools/01.docker/02.docker-what-and-why",{"title":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677},"Архітектура Docker Engine","/tools/docker/docker-architecture","07.tools/01.docker/03.docker-architecture",{"title":2679,"path":2680,"stem":2681},"Встановлення Docker","/tools/docker/installation","07.tools/01.docker/04.installation",{"title":2683,"path":2684,"stem":2685},"Перший контейнер — docker run","/tools/docker/first-container","07.tools/01.docker/05.first-container",{"title":2687,"path":2688,"stem":2689},"Життєвий цикл контейнера","/tools/docker/container-lifecycle","07.tools/01.docker/06.container-lifecycle",{"title":2691,"path":2692,"stem":2693},"Docker Images — фундаментальні концепції","/tools/docker/docker-images-fundamentals","07.tools/01.docker/07.docker-images-fundamentals",{"title":2695,"path":2696,"stem":2697},"Dockerfile — основи","/tools/docker/dockerfile-basics","07.tools/01.docker/08.dockerfile-basics",{"title":2699,"path":2700,"stem":2701},"Dockerfile — просунуті техніки","/tools/docker/dockerfile-advanced","07.tools/01.docker/09.dockerfile-advanced",{"title":2703,"path":2704,"stem":2705},"Build Context та кешування шарів","/tools/docker/build-context-and-cache","07.tools/01.docker/10.build-context-and-cache",{"title":2707,"path":2708,"stem":2709},"Реєстри Docker-образів","/tools/docker/image-registries","07.tools/01.docker/11.image-registries",{"title":2711,"path":2712,"stem":2713},"Контейнеризація .NET додатків","/tools/docker/dotnet-containerization","07.tools/01.docker/12.dotnet-containerization",{"title":2715,"path":2716,"stem":2717},"Томи та збереження даних","/tools/docker/volumes-and-data","07.tools/01.docker/13.volumes-and-data",{"title":2719,"path":2720,"stem":2721},"Основи мережі в Docker","/tools/docker/networking-basics","07.tools/01.docker/14.networking-basics",{"title":2723,"path":2724,"stem":2725},"Змінні оточення та конфігурація","/tools/docker/environment-and-configuration","07.tools/01.docker/15.environment-and-configuration",{"title":2727,"path":2728,"stem":2729},"Docker Compose — оркестрація контейнерів","/tools/docker/docker-compose-basics","07.tools/01.docker/16.docker-compose-basics",{"title":2731,"path":2732,"stem":2733},"Docker Compose — Multi-Service застосунки","/tools/docker/compose-multi-service","07.tools/01.docker/17.compose-multi-service",{"title":2735,"icon":2736,"path":2737,"stem":2738,"children":2739},"Kubernetes","simple-icons:kubernetes","/tools/kubernetes","07.tools/02.kubernetes/index",[2740,2742,2746,2750,2754,2758,2762,2766,2770],{"title":2741,"path":2737,"stem":2738},"Kubernetes: від розробки до production",{"title":2743,"path":2744,"stem":2745},"Kubernetes — коли Docker Compose більше не вистачає","/tools/kubernetes/why-kubernetes","07.tools/02.kubernetes/01.why-kubernetes",{"title":2747,"path":2748,"stem":2749},"Архітектура Kubernetes — анатомія кластера","/tools/kubernetes/kubernetes-architecture","07.tools/02.kubernetes/02.kubernetes-architecture",{"title":2751,"path":2752,"stem":2753},"Локальне середовище — minikube, kind та k3s","/tools/kubernetes/local-environment","07.tools/02.kubernetes/03.local-environment",{"title":2755,"path":2756,"stem":2757},"Pod — атомарна одиниця Kubernetes","/tools/kubernetes/pods-and-containers","07.tools/02.kubernetes/04.pods-and-containers",{"title":2759,"path":2760,"stem":2761},"Патерни використання Pod","/tools/kubernetes/pod-patterns","07.tools/02.kubernetes/05.pod-patterns",{"title":2763,"path":2764,"stem":2765},"Deployment — декларативне управління Pod","/tools/kubernetes/deployment-basics","07.tools/02.kubernetes/06.deployment-basics",{"title":2767,"path":2768,"stem":2769},"Rolling Updates та управління життєвим циклом Deployment","/tools/kubernetes/deployment-rolling-updates","07.tools/02.kubernetes/07.deployment-rolling-updates",{"title":2771,"path":2772,"stem":2773},"Service — мережева абстракція для Pod","/tools/kubernetes/services-networking","07.tools/02.kubernetes/08.services-networking",{"title":2775,"icon":2776,"path":2777,"stem":2778,"children":2779,"page":59},"Software Engineering","i-lucide-code-2","/software-engineering","09.software-engineering",[2780,2784,2788,2792,2796,2800,2804,2808,2812,2816,2820],{"title":2781,"path":2782,"stem":2783},"1. Аналіз предметної області. Експертні знання та складність","/software-engineering/intro-subdomains","09.software-engineering/01.intro-subdomains",{"title":2785,"path":2786,"stem":2787},"2. Обмежені контексти. Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","/software-engineering/integrating-limited-contexts","09.software-engineering/02.integrating-limited-contexts",{"title":2789,"path":2790,"stem":2791},"3. Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","/software-engineering/simple","09.software-engineering/03.simple",{"title":2793,"path":2794,"stem":2795},"4. Опрацювання складної бізнес-логіки","/software-engineering/complex-business-logic","09.software-engineering/04.complex-business-logic",{"title":2797,"path":2798,"stem":2799},"5. Моделювання фактора часу. Подієво-орієнтована архітектура.","/software-engineering/modelling-the-time-factor","09.software-engineering/05.modelling-the-time-factor",{"title":2801,"path":2802,"stem":2803},"6. Архітектурні патерни","/software-engineering/architectural-patterns","09.software-engineering/06.architectural-patterns",{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},"Паттерни взаємодії","/software-engineering/patterns-of-interaction","09.software-engineering/07.patterns-of-interaction",{"title":2809,"path":2810,"stem":2811},"Евристика проєктування","/software-engineering/design-heuristics","09.software-engineering/08.design-heuristics",{"title":2813,"path":2814,"stem":2815},"Еволюція проєктних рішень","/software-engineering/evolution-of-design-solutions","09.software-engineering/09.evolution-of-design-solutions",{"title":2817,"path":2818,"stem":2819},"EventStorming","/software-engineering/eventstorming","09.software-engineering/10.eventstorming",{"title":2821,"path":2822,"stem":2823},"DDD на практиці","/software-engineering/ddd-in-practice","09.software-engineering/11.ddd-in-practice",{"title":2825,"icon":943,"path":2826,"stem":2827,"children":2828,"page":59},"DDD","/ddd","10.ddd",[2829,2833,2837,2841,2845,2849,2853,2857,2861,2865,2869,2873,2877],{"title":2830,"path":2831,"stem":2832},"Аналіз предметної області","/ddd/domain-analysis","10.ddd/01.domain-analysis",{"title":2834,"path":2835,"stem":2836},"Експертні знання про предметну область","/ddd/domain-expert-knowledge","10.ddd/02.domain-expert-knowledge",{"title":2838,"path":2839,"stem":2840},"Як осмислити складність предметної області","/ddd/managing-domain-complexity","10.ddd/03.managing-domain-complexity",{"title":2842,"path":2843,"stem":2844},"Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","/ddd/bounded-context-integration","10.ddd/04.bounded-context-integration",{"title":2846,"path":2847,"stem":2848},"Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","/ddd/simple-business-logic","10.ddd/05.simple-business-logic",{"title":2850,"path":2851,"stem":2852},"Обробка складної бізнес-логіки","/ddd/complex-business-logic","10.ddd/06.complex-business-logic",{"title":2854,"path":2855,"stem":2856},"Моделювання фактора часу","/ddd/time-modeling","10.ddd/07.time-modeling",{"title":2858,"path":2859,"stem":2860},"Глава 8. Архітектурні Патерни","/ddd/architectural-patterns","10.ddd/08.architectural-patterns",{"title":2862,"path":2863,"stem":2864},"Глава 9. Патерни Взаємодії","/ddd/interaction-patterns","10.ddd/09.interaction-patterns",{"title":2866,"path":2867,"stem":2868},"Глава 10. Проектні Евристики","/ddd/design-heuristics","10.ddd/10.design-heuristics",{"title":2870,"path":2871,"stem":2872},"Глава 11. Еволюція Проектних Рішень","/ddd/evolution-of-design-decisions","10.ddd/11.evolution-of-design-decisions",{"title":2874,"path":2875,"stem":2876},"Глава 12. EventStorming","/ddd/event-storming","10.ddd/12.event-storming",{"title":2878,"path":2879,"stem":2880},"Глава 13. DDD на Практиці","/ddd/ddd-in-practice","10.ddd/13.ddd-in-practice",{"title":2882,"icon":2883,"path":2884,"stem":2885,"children":2886,"page":59},"Media Streaming","i-lucide-video","/media-streaming","11.media-streaming",[2887,2891,2895,2899,2903,2907,2911],{"title":2888,"path":2889,"stem":2890},"01. Магія Стрімінгу: Що відбувається, коли ви натискаєте \"Play\"","/media-streaming/introduction","11.media-streaming/01.introduction",{"title":2892,"path":2893,"stem":2894},"02. Анатомія Медіа: Кодеки, Контейнери та Стиснення","/media-streaming/audio-video-anatomy","11.media-streaming/02.audio-video-anatomy",{"title":2896,"path":2897,"stem":2898},"03. The Gym: FFmpeg Deep Dive","/media-streaming/ffmpeg-gym","11.media-streaming/03.ffmpeg-gym",{"title":2900,"path":2901,"stem":2902},"04. HLS Protocol: HTTP Live Streaming у Деталях","/media-streaming/hls-protocol","11.media-streaming/04.hls-protocol",{"title":2904,"path":2905,"stem":2906},"05. DASH Protocol: Відкритий Стандарт","/media-streaming/dash-protocol","11.media-streaming/05.dash-protocol",{"title":2908,"path":2909,"stem":2910},"06. Масштабування: CDN та Adaptive Bitrate","/media-streaming/cdn-and-adaptive-bitrate","11.media-streaming/06.cdn-and-adaptive-bitrate",{"title":2912,"path":2913,"stem":2914},"07. Війна із Затримкою (Latency)","/media-streaming/realtime-latency","11.media-streaming/07.realtime-latency",{"title":2916,"icon":2917,"path":2918,"stem":2919,"children":2920,"page":59},"HTML & CSS","i-devicon-html5","/html-css","12.html-css",[2921,2925,2929,2933,2937,2941,2945,2949,2953,2957,2961,2965,2969,2973,2977,2981,2985,2989,2993,2997,3001,3005,3009,3013,3017,3021,3025,3029,3033,3037],{"title":2922,"path":2923,"stem":2924},"Вступ до HTML. Структура документа","/html-css/intro-html-structure","12.html-css/01.intro-html-structure",{"title":2926,"path":2927,"stem":2928},"Форматування тексту в HTML","/html-css/html-text-formatting","12.html-css/02.html-text-formatting",{"title":2930,"path":2931,"stem":2932},"Посилання та зображення в HTML","/html-css/html-links-images","12.html-css/03.html-links-images",{"title":2934,"path":2935,"stem":2936},"Списки та таблиці в HTML","/html-css/html-lists-tables","12.html-css/04.html-lists-tables",{"title":2938,"path":2939,"stem":2940},"Форми в HTML","/html-css/html-forms","12.html-css/05.html-forms",{"title":2942,"path":2943,"stem":2944},"Семантичні елементи HTML5","/html-css/html-semantic-elements","12.html-css/06.html-semantic-elements",{"title":2946,"path":2947,"stem":2948},"Мультимедіа та розширені елементи HTML","/html-css/html-multimedia-advanced","12.html-css/07.html-multimedia-advanced",{"title":2950,"path":2951,"stem":2952},"Мікророзмітка та SEO в HTML","/html-css/html-microdata-seo","12.html-css/08.html-microdata-seo",{"title":2954,"path":2955,"stem":2956},"Вступ до CSS. Селектори та специфічність","/html-css/css-intro-selectors","12.html-css/09.css-intro-selectors",{"title":2958,"path":2959,"stem":2960},"Блокова модель CSS. Відступи. Box Sizing","/html-css/css-box-model","12.html-css/10.css-box-model",{"title":2962,"path":2963,"stem":2964},"Розміри у CSS: повний довідник одиниць і ключових слів","/html-css/10a.css-sizing","12.html-css/10a.css-sizing",{"title":2966,"path":2967,"stem":2968},"Типографіка в CSS. Шрифти та текст","/html-css/css-typography","12.html-css/11.css-typography",{"title":2970,"path":2971,"stem":2972},"Кольори та фони в CSS","/html-css/css-colors-backgrounds","12.html-css/12.css-colors-backgrounds",{"title":2974,"path":2975,"stem":2976},"Тіні та фільтри в CSS","/html-css/12b.css-shadows-filters","12.html-css/12b.css-shadows-filters",{"title":2978,"path":2979,"stem":2980},"CSS Flexbox: Фундамент гнучких макетів","/html-css/css-flexbox-fundamentals","12.html-css/13.css-flexbox-fundamentals",{"title":2982,"path":2983,"stem":2984},"CSS Flexbox: Вирівнювання та Позиціонування","/html-css/css-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns","12.html-css/14.css-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns",{"title":2986,"path":2987,"stem":2988},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 1","/html-css/css-layout-grid","12.html-css/15.css-layout-grid",{"title":2990,"path":2991,"stem":2992},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 2","/html-css/css-layout-grid-advanced","12.html-css/16.css-layout-grid-advanced",{"title":2994,"path":2995,"stem":2996},"Позиціонування в CSS. Z-index. Stacking Context","/html-css/css-positioning","12.html-css/17.css-positioning",{"title":2998,"path":2999,"stem":3000},"CSS Анімації та Переходи","/html-css/css-animations-transitions","12.html-css/18.css-animations-transitions",{"title":3002,"path":3003,"stem":3004},"Адаптивний дизайн. Media Queries. Частина 1","/html-css/css-responsive-media-queries","12.html-css/19.css-responsive-media-queries",{"title":3006,"path":3007,"stem":3008},"Адаптивний дизайн. Частина 2: clamp(), Container Queries, @layer","/html-css/css-responsive-advanced","12.html-css/20.css-responsive-advanced",{"title":3010,"path":3011,"stem":3012},"CSS Custom Properties. Методології. Сучасний CSS","/html-css/css-variables-methodologies","12.html-css/21.css-variables-methodologies",{"title":3014,"path":3015,"stem":3016},"Сучасний CSS 2023–2025: Нові можливості","/html-css/css-modern-features","12.html-css/22.css-modern-features",{"title":3018,"path":3019,"stem":3020},"CSS Nesting, @layer, @scope та @property: нативний препроцесор","/html-css/22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax","12.html-css/22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax",{"title":3022,"path":3023,"stem":3024},"CSS для форм та інтерактивних станів","/html-css/css-forms-interactive-states","12.html-css/23.css-forms-interactive-states",{"title":3026,"path":3027,"stem":3028},"Доступність у CSS (CSS Accessibility)","/html-css/css-accessibility","12.html-css/24.css-accessibility",{"title":3030,"path":3031,"stem":3032},"CSS-функції та сучасні sizing primitives","/html-css/css-functions-sizing","12.html-css/25.css-functions-sizing",{"title":3034,"path":3035,"stem":3036},"Rendering Pipeline і CSS Performance","/html-css/css-rendering-performance","12.html-css/26.css-rendering-performance",{"title":3038,"path":3039,"stem":3040},"CSS Best Practices: типові ситуації та правильні рішення","/html-css/css-best-practices","12.html-css/27.css-best-practices",{"title":3042,"path":3043,"stem":3044,"children":3045,"page":59},"AWS","/aws","13.aws",[3046,3050,3054],{"title":3047,"path":3048,"stem":3049},"Реєстрація AWS акаунту та студентські програми","/aws/account-registration","13.aws/00.account-registration",{"title":3051,"path":3052,"stem":3053},"Вступ до хмарних обчислень та AWS","/aws/introduction-to-cloud","13.aws/01.introduction-to-cloud",{"title":3055,"path":3056,"stem":3057},"AWS IAM — Identity and Access Management","/aws/iam","13.aws/02.iam",{"title":3059,"path":3060,"stem":3061,"children":3062,"page":59},"Tailwind","/tailwind","21.tailwind",[3063,3067,3071,3075,3079,3083,3087,3091],{"title":3064,"path":3065,"stem":3066},"Що таке Tailwind CSS і навіщо він потрібен","/tailwind/tailwind-intro-philosophy","21.tailwind/01.tailwind-intro-philosophy",{"title":3068,"path":3069,"stem":3070},"Встановлення та налаштування Tailwind CSS v4","/tailwind/tailwind-installation-setup","21.tailwind/02.tailwind-installation-setup",{"title":3072,"path":3073,"stem":3074},"Utility-класи: основи та система Tailwind","/tailwind/tailwind-utility-classes-core","21.tailwind/03.tailwind-utility-classes-core",{"title":3076,"path":3077,"stem":3078},"Layout: Flexbox та Grid через Tailwind","/tailwind/tailwind-flexbox-grid","21.tailwind/04.tailwind-flexbox-grid",{"title":3080,"path":3081,"stem":3082},"Кастомізація теми через @theme у Tailwind v4","/tailwind/tailwind-theme-customization","21.tailwind/05.tailwind-theme-customization",{"title":3084,"path":3085,"stem":3086},"Варіанти: hover, focus, responsive, dark mode та нові v4","/tailwind/tailwind-variants-states","21.tailwind/06.tailwind-variants-states",{"title":3088,"path":3089,"stem":3090},"Типографіка та система кольорів у Tailwind v4","/tailwind/tailwind-typography-colors","21.tailwind/07.tailwind-typography-colors",{"title":3092,"path":3093,"stem":3094},"Компоненти та повторюваність: @apply, @utility та патерни","/tailwind/tailwind-components-patterns","21.tailwind/08.tailwind-components-patterns",{"title":3096,"path":3097,"stem":3098},"Тестування компонентів діаграм","/test-components","98.test-components",{"id":3100,"title":2751,"body":3101,"description":10294,"extension":10295,"links":10296,"meta":10297,"navigation":3203,"path":2752,"seo":10298,"stem":2753,"__hash__":10299},"docs/07.tools/02.kubernetes/03.local-environment.md",{"type":3102,"value":3103,"toc":10212},"minimark",[3104,3108,3113,3126,3134,3142,3150,3153,3157,3166,3493,3496,3501,3507,3512,3539,3544,3555,3561,3565,3571,3575,3589,3593,3604,3609,3613,3619,3623,3637,3641,3649,3654,3658,3664,3668,3679,3683,3694,3699,3701,3705,3858,3868,3870,3874,3880,3907,3911,4013,4017,4052,4056,4236,4240,4243,4258,4261,4298,4308,4310,4314,4317,4320,4362,4365,4401,4404,4486,4489,4501,4503,4533,4535,4539,4542,5352,5354,5358,5365,5372,5393,5396,5400,5448,5452,5471,5594,5596,5600,5612,5616,5626,5674,5677,5692,5812,5941,5951,5987,5990,5994,5997,6061,6065,6074,6092,6112,6121,6125,6135,6155,6182,6184,6188,6194,6198,6204,6216,6221,6257,6261,6592,6596,6599,6709,6712,6739,6741,6745,6748,6752,6758,6776,6785,6788,6801,6831,6836,6865,6876,6880,6885,6892,7227,7358,7363,7444,7451,7455,7458,7474,7477,7590,7596,7600,7607,7614,7632,7650,7680,7687,7696,7700,7703,7719,7738,7741,7753,7774,7776,7780,7789,7793,7817,7821,7828,7834,7953,7960,7970,7979,7996,8010,8014,8017,8034,8057,8070,8072,8084,8110,8114,8117,8136,8139,8377,8383,8385,8389,8392,8396,8429,8438,8442,8459,8463,8467,8470,8482,8485,8489,8492,8504,8507,8511,8514,8526,8528,8532,8538,8544,8548,8551,8566,8569,8583,8620,8624,8627,8645,8648,8685,8701,8705,8708,8728,8731,8748,8751,8780,8784,8791,8809,8819,8821,8825,8828,8875,8882,8888,8890,8894,8898,8907,8912,8928,8933,8966,8971,8983,8985,8989,8992,8996,9021,9025,9084,9088,9102,9104,9108,9111,9115,9141,9145,9245,9249,9290,9294,9309,9311,9315,9318,9322,9345,9349,9420,9424,9437,9439,9443,9446,9450,9483,9487,9543,9548,9562,9564,9568,9571,9575,9593,9597,9656,9660,9678,9680,9684,9687,9691,9705,9709,9734,9738,9759,9761,9765,9768,9772,9789,9793,9839,9843,9858,9860,9864,9870,9874,9920,9924,9942,9946,9966,9968,9972,9975,9979,9996,10000,10122,10126,10182,10186,10202,10208],[3105,3106,2751],"h1",{"id":3107},"локальне-середовище-minikube-kind-та-k3s",[3109,3110,3112],"h2",{"id":3111},"від-теорії-до-практики","Від теорії до практики",[3114,3115,3116,3117,3121,3122,3125],"p",{},"У попередніх двох статтях ми розглянули, ",[3118,3119,3120],"em",{},"навіщо"," потрібен Kubernetes і ",[3118,3123,3124],{},"як"," він влаштований зсередини. Тепер настав час перейти від концепцій до реальної роботи: запустити власний кластер, виконати перші команди та побачити, як абстрактні компоненти — API-сервер, scheduler, kubelet — працюють разом.",[3114,3127,3128,3129,3133],{},"Але виникає практичне питання: де взяти кластер для навчання? Розгортати production-кластер у хмарі (GKE, EKS, AKS) для експериментів — дорого і надмірно. Встановлювати повноцінний кластер на кількох серверах через ",[3130,3131,3132],"code",{},"kubeadm"," — складно і вимагає інфраструктури.",[3114,3135,3136,3137,3141],{},"Саме для цього існують ",[3138,3139,3140],"strong",{},"локальні дистрибутиви Kubernetes"," — інструменти, які дозволяють запустити повноцінний кластер на вашому ноутбуці за кілька хвилин. Вони не призначені для production, але ідеально підходять для розробки, тестування та навчання.",[3143,3144,3145,3146,3149],"note",{},"Ця стаття має практичний характер. Ви встановите один з інструментів, запустите кластер і виконаєте перші ",[3130,3147,3148],{},"kubectl","-команди. Рекомендуємо мати під рукою термінал та виконувати команди паралельно з читанням.",[3151,3152],"hr",{},[3109,3154,3156],{"id":3155},"вибір-інструменту-порівняння-варіантів","Вибір інструменту: порівняння варіантів",[3114,3158,3159],{},[3160,3161],"img",{"alt":3162,"className":3163,"src":3165},"kubernetes local development tools comparison minikube kind k3s",[3164],"diagram-img","/images/tools/kubernetes/local-environment/01.png",[3167,3168,3169],"plant-uml",{},[3170,3171,3176],"pre",{"className":3172,"code":3173,"language":3174,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"language-plantuml shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n\npackage \"Локальні Kubernetes інструменти\" {\n    component \"minikube\" as mk #e3f2fd {\n        [VM/Docker Container]\n        [Full K8s Cluster]\n        [Built-in Addons]\n    }\n    \n    component \"kind\" as kd #fff3e0 {\n        [Docker Containers]\n        [Multi-node Support]\n        [Fast Startup]\n    }\n    \n    component \"k3s\" as k3 #f3e5f5 {\n        [Lightweight Binary]\n        [Edge Computing]\n        [Minimal Resources]\n    }\n    \n    component \"Docker Desktop\" as dd #e8f5e9 {\n        [Built-in K8s]\n        [One-click Enable]\n        [Mac/Windows Only]\n    }\n}\n\nnote bottom of mk\n  Час старту: 30-60 сек\n  RAM: 2-4 ГБ\n  Use case: Навчання\nend note\n\nnote bottom of kd\n  Час старту: 10-20 сек\n  RAM: 1-2 ГБ\n  Use case: CI/CD\nend note\n\nnote bottom of k3\n  Час старту: 15-30 сек\n  RAM: 512 МБ - 1 ГБ\n  Use case: Edge/IoT\nend note\n\nnote bottom of dd\n  Час старту: 40-60 сек\n  RAM: 2-3 ГБ\n  Use case: Швидкий старт\nend note\n@enduml\n","plantuml","",[3130,3177,3178,3186,3192,3198,3205,3211,3217,3223,3229,3235,3241,3247,3253,3259,3265,3271,3276,3281,3287,3293,3299,3305,3310,3315,3321,3327,3333,3339,3344,3350,3355,3361,3367,3373,3379,3385,3390,3396,3402,3408,3414,3419,3424,3430,3436,3442,3448,3453,3458,3464,3470,3476,3482,3487],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,3180,3183],"span",{"class":3181,"line":3182},"line",1,[3179,3184,3185],{},"@startuml\n",[3179,3187,3189],{"class":3181,"line":3188},2,[3179,3190,3191],{},"skinparam style plain\n",[3179,3193,3195],{"class":3181,"line":3194},3,[3179,3196,3197],{},"skinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n",[3179,3199,3201],{"class":3181,"line":3200},4,[3179,3202,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},true,"\n",[3179,3206,3208],{"class":3181,"line":3207},5,[3179,3209,3210],{},"package \"Локальні Kubernetes інструменти\" {\n",[3179,3212,3214],{"class":3181,"line":3213},6,[3179,3215,3216],{},"    component \"minikube\" as mk #e3f2fd {\n",[3179,3218,3220],{"class":3181,"line":3219},7,[3179,3221,3222],{},"        [VM/Docker Container]\n",[3179,3224,3226],{"class":3181,"line":3225},8,[3179,3227,3228],{},"        [Full K8s Cluster]\n",[3179,3230,3232],{"class":3181,"line":3231},9,[3179,3233,3234],{},"        [Built-in Addons]\n",[3179,3236,3238],{"class":3181,"line":3237},10,[3179,3239,3240],{},"    }\n",[3179,3242,3244],{"class":3181,"line":3243},11,[3179,3245,3246],{},"    \n",[3179,3248,3250],{"class":3181,"line":3249},12,[3179,3251,3252],{},"    component \"kind\" as kd #fff3e0 {\n",[3179,3254,3256],{"class":3181,"line":3255},13,[3179,3257,3258],{},"        [Docker Containers]\n",[3179,3260,3262],{"class":3181,"line":3261},14,[3179,3263,3264],{},"        [Multi-node Support]\n",[3179,3266,3268],{"class":3181,"line":3267},15,[3179,3269,3270],{},"        [Fast Startup]\n",[3179,3272,3274],{"class":3181,"line":3273},16,[3179,3275,3240],{},[3179,3277,3279],{"class":3181,"line":3278},17,[3179,3280,3246],{},[3179,3282,3284],{"class":3181,"line":3283},18,[3179,3285,3286],{},"    component \"k3s\" as k3 #f3e5f5 {\n",[3179,3288,3290],{"class":3181,"line":3289},19,[3179,3291,3292],{},"        [Lightweight Binary]\n",[3179,3294,3296],{"class":3181,"line":3295},20,[3179,3297,3298],{},"        [Edge Computing]\n",[3179,3300,3302],{"class":3181,"line":3301},21,[3179,3303,3304],{},"        [Minimal Resources]\n",[3179,3306,3308],{"class":3181,"line":3307},22,[3179,3309,3240],{},[3179,3311,3313],{"class":3181,"line":3312},23,[3179,3314,3246],{},[3179,3316,3318],{"class":3181,"line":3317},24,[3179,3319,3320],{},"    component \"Docker Desktop\" as dd #e8f5e9 {\n",[3179,3322,3324],{"class":3181,"line":3323},25,[3179,3325,3326],{},"        [Built-in K8s]\n",[3179,3328,3330],{"class":3181,"line":3329},26,[3179,3331,3332],{},"        [One-click Enable]\n",[3179,3334,3336],{"class":3181,"line":3335},27,[3179,3337,3338],{},"        [Mac/Windows Only]\n",[3179,3340,3342],{"class":3181,"line":3341},28,[3179,3343,3240],{},[3179,3345,3347],{"class":3181,"line":3346},29,[3179,3348,3349],{},"}\n",[3179,3351,3353],{"class":3181,"line":3352},30,[3179,3354,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3356,3358],{"class":3181,"line":3357},31,[3179,3359,3360],{},"note bottom of mk\n",[3179,3362,3364],{"class":3181,"line":3363},32,[3179,3365,3366],{},"  Час старту: 30-60 сек\n",[3179,3368,3370],{"class":3181,"line":3369},33,[3179,3371,3372],{},"  RAM: 2-4 ГБ\n",[3179,3374,3376],{"class":3181,"line":3375},34,[3179,3377,3378],{},"  Use case: Навчання\n",[3179,3380,3382],{"class":3181,"line":3381},35,[3179,3383,3384],{},"end note\n",[3179,3386,3388],{"class":3181,"line":3387},36,[3179,3389,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3391,3393],{"class":3181,"line":3392},37,[3179,3394,3395],{},"note bottom of kd\n",[3179,3397,3399],{"class":3181,"line":3398},38,[3179,3400,3401],{},"  Час старту: 10-20 сек\n",[3179,3403,3405],{"class":3181,"line":3404},39,[3179,3406,3407],{},"  RAM: 1-2 ГБ\n",[3179,3409,3411],{"class":3181,"line":3410},40,[3179,3412,3413],{},"  Use case: CI/CD\n",[3179,3415,3417],{"class":3181,"line":3416},41,[3179,3418,3384],{},[3179,3420,3422],{"class":3181,"line":3421},42,[3179,3423,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3425,3427],{"class":3181,"line":3426},43,[3179,3428,3429],{},"note bottom of k3\n",[3179,3431,3433],{"class":3181,"line":3432},44,[3179,3434,3435],{},"  Час старту: 15-30 сек\n",[3179,3437,3439],{"class":3181,"line":3438},45,[3179,3440,3441],{},"  RAM: 512 МБ - 1 ГБ\n",[3179,3443,3445],{"class":3181,"line":3444},46,[3179,3446,3447],{},"  Use case: Edge/IoT\n",[3179,3449,3451],{"class":3181,"line":3450},47,[3179,3452,3384],{},[3179,3454,3456],{"class":3181,"line":3455},48,[3179,3457,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3459,3461],{"class":3181,"line":3460},49,[3179,3462,3463],{},"note bottom of dd\n",[3179,3465,3467],{"class":3181,"line":3466},50,[3179,3468,3469],{},"  Час старту: 40-60 сек\n",[3179,3471,3473],{"class":3181,"line":3472},51,[3179,3474,3475],{},"  RAM: 2-3 ГБ\n",[3179,3477,3479],{"class":3181,"line":3478},52,[3179,3480,3481],{},"  Use case: Швидкий старт\n",[3179,3483,3485],{"class":3181,"line":3484},53,[3179,3486,3384],{},[3179,3488,3490],{"class":3181,"line":3489},54,[3179,3491,3492],{},"@enduml\n",[3114,3494,3495],{},"Існує кілька популярних інструментів для запуску Kubernetes локально. Кожен має свої переваги та обмеження. Розглянемо чотири основні варіанти.",[3497,3498,3500],"h3",{"id":3499},"minikube-класичний-вибір-для-навчання","minikube — класичний вибір для навчання",[3114,3502,3503,3506],{},[3138,3504,3505],{},"minikube"," — це офіційний інструмент Kubernetes для локальної розробки. Він створює віртуальну машину (або використовує Docker як backend) і розгортає всередині неї повноцінний однонодовий кластер.",[3114,3508,3509],{},[3138,3510,3511],{},"Переваги:",[3513,3514,3515,3519,3522,3525],"ul",{},[3516,3517,3518],"li",{},"Найбільш документований та підтримуваний спільнотою",[3516,3520,3521],{},"Вбудовані addons (dashboard, metrics-server, ingress)",[3516,3523,3524],{},"Підтримка різних драйверів (VirtualBox, Docker, Podman, Hyper-V)",[3516,3526,3527,3528,3531,3532,3531,3535,3538],{},"Команди для роботи з кластером (",[3130,3529,3530],{},"minikube start",", ",[3130,3533,3534],{},"minikube stop",[3130,3536,3537],{},"minikube delete",")",[3114,3540,3541],{},[3138,3542,3543],{},"Недоліки:",[3513,3545,3546,3549,3552],{},[3516,3547,3548],{},"Повільніший старт порівняно з kind (30-60 секунд)",[3516,3550,3551],{},"Споживає більше ресурсів через віртуалізацію",[3516,3553,3554],{},"Один вузол (не можна тестувати multi-node сценарії без додаткових налаштувань)",[3114,3556,3557,3560],{},[3138,3558,3559],{},"Типовий use case:"," Навчання Kubernetes, розробка застосунків, тестування маніфестів перед деплоєм у production.",[3497,3562,3564],{"id":3563},"kind-kubernetes-in-docker","kind — Kubernetes in Docker",[3114,3566,3567,3570],{},[3138,3568,3569],{},"kind"," (Kubernetes IN Docker) — інструмент, який запускає Kubernetes-вузли як Docker-контейнери. Кожен вузол кластера — це окремий контейнер.",[3114,3572,3573],{},[3138,3574,3511],{},[3513,3576,3577,3580,3583,3586],{},[3516,3578,3579],{},"Дуже швидкий старт (10-20 секунд)",[3516,3581,3582],{},"Легко створювати multi-node кластери (кілька control plane + worker вузлів)",[3516,3584,3585],{},"Мінімальне споживання ресурсів",[3516,3587,3588],{},"Ідеальний для CI/CD pipelines (тестування у GitHub Actions, GitLab CI)",[3114,3590,3591],{},[3138,3592,3543],{},[3513,3594,3595,3598,3601],{},[3516,3596,3597],{},"Менше вбудованих addons порівняно з minikube",[3516,3599,3600],{},"Вимагає Docker Desktop або Docker Engine",[3516,3602,3603],{},"Складніша налаштування мережі для доступу ззовні",[3114,3605,3606,3608],{},[3138,3607,3559],{}," CI/CD тестування, розробка Kubernetes-операторів, тестування multi-node сценаріїв.",[3497,3610,3612],{"id":3611},"k3s-легкий-kubernetes-для-edge","k3s — легкий Kubernetes для edge",[3114,3614,3615,3618],{},[3138,3616,3617],{},"k3s"," — це мінімалістичний дистрибутив Kubernetes від Rancher Labs. Він видаляє застарілі компоненти та зменшує бінарник до ~50 МБ (порівняно з ~1 ГБ у повному Kubernetes).",[3114,3620,3621],{},[3138,3622,3511],{},[3513,3624,3625,3628,3631,3634],{},[3516,3626,3627],{},"Найменше споживання ресурсів (працює навіть на Raspberry Pi)",[3516,3629,3630],{},"Швидкий старт",[3516,3632,3633],{},"Вбудований Traefik як Ingress Controller",[3516,3635,3636],{},"Підходить для production на edge-пристроях",[3114,3638,3639],{},[3138,3640,3543],{},[3513,3642,3643,3646],{},[3516,3644,3645],{},"Не 100% сумісний з upstream Kubernetes (деякі компоненти замінені)",[3516,3647,3648],{},"Менша спільнота порівняно з minikube",[3114,3650,3651,3653],{},[3138,3652,3559],{}," IoT, edge computing, локальна розробка на слабких машинах.",[3497,3655,3657],{"id":3656},"docker-desktop-kubernetes","Docker Desktop Kubernetes",[3114,3659,3660,3663],{},[3138,3661,3662],{},"Docker Desktop"," (Windows/macOS) має вбудовану підтримку Kubernetes — можна увімкнути кластер одним чекбоксом у налаштуваннях.",[3114,3665,3666],{},[3138,3667,3511],{},[3513,3669,3670,3673,3676],{},[3516,3671,3672],{},"Нульова конфігурація (якщо Docker Desktop вже встановлено)",[3516,3674,3675],{},"Інтеграція з Docker CLI",[3516,3677,3678],{},"Автоматичне оновлення разом з Docker Desktop",[3114,3680,3681],{},[3138,3682,3543],{},[3513,3684,3685,3688,3691],{},[3516,3686,3687],{},"Доступний лише на Windows та macOS (не Linux)",[3516,3689,3690],{},"Повільніший старт порівняно з kind",[3516,3692,3693],{},"Менше контролю над версією Kubernetes",[3114,3695,3696,3698],{},[3138,3697,3559],{}," Швидкий старт для розробників, які вже використовують Docker Desktop.",[3151,3700],{},[3109,3702,3704],{"id":3703},"порівняльна-таблиця","Порівняльна таблиця",[3706,3707,3708,3726],"table",{},[3709,3710,3711],"thead",{},[3712,3713,3714,3718,3720,3722,3724],"tr",{},[3715,3716,3717],"th",{},"Характеристика",[3715,3719,3505],{},[3715,3721,3569],{},[3715,3723,3617],{},[3715,3725,3662],{},[3727,3728,3729,3749,3768,3787,3804,3822,3840],"tbody",{},[3712,3730,3731,3737,3740,3743,3746],{},[3732,3733,3734],"td",{},[3138,3735,3736],{},"Час старту",[3732,3738,3739],{},"30-60 сек",[3732,3741,3742],{},"10-20 сек",[3732,3744,3745],{},"15-30 сек",[3732,3747,3748],{},"40-60 сек",[3712,3750,3751,3756,3759,3762,3765],{},[3732,3752,3753],{},[3138,3754,3755],{},"Споживання RAM",[3732,3757,3758],{},"2-4 ГБ",[3732,3760,3761],{},"1-2 ГБ",[3732,3763,3764],{},"512 МБ - 1 ГБ",[3732,3766,3767],{},"2-3 ГБ",[3712,3769,3770,3775,3778,3781,3784],{},[3732,3771,3772],{},[3138,3773,3774],{},"Multi-node",[3732,3776,3777],{},"Так (складно)",[3732,3779,3780],{},"Так (легко)",[3732,3782,3783],{},"Так",[3732,3785,3786],{},"Ні",[3712,3788,3789,3794,3797,3799,3801],{},[3732,3790,3791],{},[3138,3792,3793],{},"Платформи",[3732,3795,3796],{},"Win/Mac/Linux",[3732,3798,3796],{},[3732,3800,3796],{},[3732,3802,3803],{},"Win/Mac",[3712,3805,3806,3811,3814,3817,3820],{},[3732,3807,3808],{},[3138,3809,3810],{},"Вбудовані addons",[3732,3812,3813],{},"Багато",[3732,3815,3816],{},"Мало",[3732,3818,3819],{},"Traefik",[3732,3821,3816],{},[3712,3823,3824,3829,3832,3835,3837],{},[3732,3825,3826],{},[3138,3827,3828],{},"Складність",[3732,3830,3831],{},"Низька",[3732,3833,3834],{},"Середня",[3732,3836,3831],{},[3732,3838,3839],{},"Дуже низька",[3712,3841,3842,3847,3850,3853,3856],{},[3732,3843,3844],{},[3138,3845,3846],{},"Рекомендація",[3732,3848,3849],{},"Навчання",[3732,3851,3852],{},"CI/CD, тести",[3732,3854,3855],{},"Edge, слабкі машини",[3732,3857,3630],{},[3859,3860,3861,3864,3865,3867],"tip",{},[3138,3862,3863],{},"Наша рекомендація для цього курсу:"," використовуйте ",[3138,3866,3505],{}," з Docker-драйвером. Він найкраще документований, має найбільшу спільноту та найпростіший для початківців. Якщо у вас вже встановлено Docker Desktop — можете використовувати його вбудований Kubernetes.",[3151,3869],{},[3109,3871,3873],{"id":3872},"встановлення-kubectl","Встановлення kubectl",[3114,3875,3876,3877,3879],{},"Перш ніж встановлювати сам кластер, потрібен інструмент для взаємодії з ним — ",[3138,3878,3148],{},". Це CLI, який ми вже згадували у попередній статті.",[3143,3881,3882,3885,3886,3889,3890,3892,3893,3896,3897,3531,3900,3896,3903,3906],{},[3138,3883,3884],{},"Аналогія з Docker:"," Якщо ",[3130,3887,3888],{},"docker"," CLI — це інструмент для керування контейнерами на одному хості, то ",[3130,3891,3148],{}," — інструмент для керування контейнерами (Podʼами) на цілому кластері. Синтаксис схожий: ",[3130,3894,3895],{},"docker ps"," → ",[3130,3898,3899],{},"kubectl get pods",[3130,3901,3902],{},"docker logs",[3130,3904,3905],{},"kubectl logs",".",[3497,3908,3910],{"id":3909},"встановлення-на-macos","Встановлення на macOS",[3912,3913,3914,3935],"code-group",{},[3170,3915,3920],{"className":3916,"code":3917,"filename":3918,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","brew install kubectl\n","Homebrew (рекомендовано)","bash",[3130,3921,3922],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,3923,3924,3928,3932],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,3925,3927],{"class":3926},"s8Opu","brew",[3179,3929,3931],{"class":3930},"sbdoH"," install",[3179,3933,3934],{"class":3930}," kubectl\n",[3170,3936,3939],{"className":3916,"code":3937,"filename":3938,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Завантажити останню версію\ncurl -LO \"https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl\"\n\n# Зробити виконуваним\nchmod +x ./kubectl\n\n# Перемістити у PATH\nsudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl\n","Офіційний бінарник",[3130,3940,3941,3947,3970,3974,3979,3990,3994,3999],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,3942,3943],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,3944,3946],{"class":3945},"spJ8K","# Завантажити останню версію\n",[3179,3948,3949,3952,3956,3959,3961,3964,3967],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,3950,3951],{"class":3926},"curl",[3179,3953,3955],{"class":3954},"su1O8"," -LO",[3179,3957,3958],{"class":3930}," \"https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(",[3179,3960,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,3962,3963],{"class":3954}," -L",[3179,3965,3966],{"class":3954}," -s",[3179,3968,3969],{"class":3930}," https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl\"\n",[3179,3971,3972],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,3973,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3975,3976],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,3977,3978],{"class":3945},"# Зробити виконуваним\n",[3179,3980,3981,3984,3987],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,3982,3983],{"class":3926},"chmod",[3179,3985,3986],{"class":3930}," +x",[3179,3988,3989],{"class":3930}," ./kubectl\n",[3179,3991,3992],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,3993,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,3995,3996],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,3997,3998],{"class":3945},"# Перемістити у PATH\n",[3179,4000,4001,4004,4007,4010],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,4002,4003],{"class":3926},"sudo",[3179,4005,4006],{"class":3930}," mv",[3179,4008,4009],{"class":3930}," ./kubectl",[3179,4011,4012],{"class":3930}," /usr/local/bin/kubectl\n",[3497,4014,4016],{"id":4015},"встановлення-на-windows","Встановлення на Windows",[3912,4018,4019,4032,4042],{},[3170,4020,4025],{"className":4021,"code":4022,"filename":4023,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"language-powershell shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","choco install kubernetes-cli\n","Chocolatey","powershell",[3130,4026,4027],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4028,4029],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4030,4022],{"class":4031},"sHH4Y",[3170,4033,4036],{"className":4021,"code":4034,"filename":4035,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"scoop install kubectl\n","Scoop",[3130,4037,4038],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4039,4040],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4041,4034],{"class":4031},[3170,4043,4046],{"className":4021,"code":4044,"filename":4045,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"winget install Kubernetes.kubectl\n","Winget",[3130,4047,4048],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4049,4050],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4051,4044],{"class":4031},[3497,4053,4055],{"id":4054},"встановлення-на-linux","Встановлення на Linux",[3912,4057,4058,4176,4195],{},[3170,4059,4062],{"className":3916,"code":4060,"filename":4061,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Додати репозиторій Kubernetes\nsudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl\n\ncurl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg\n\necho 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list\n\nsudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install -y kubectl\n","Debian/Ubuntu",[3130,4063,4064,4069,4079,4099,4103,4130,4134,4152,4156,4164],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4065,4066],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4067,4068],{"class":3945},"# Додати репозиторій Kubernetes\n",[3179,4070,4071,4073,4076],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4072,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4074,4075],{"class":3930}," apt-get",[3179,4077,4078],{"class":3930}," update\n",[3179,4080,4081,4083,4085,4087,4090,4093,4096],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,4082,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4084,4075],{"class":3930},[3179,4086,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4088,4089],{"class":3954}," -y",[3179,4091,4092],{"class":3930}," apt-transport-https",[3179,4094,4095],{"class":3930}," ca-certificates",[3179,4097,4098],{"class":3930}," curl\n",[3179,4100,4101],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,4102,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4104,4105,4107,4110,4113,4116,4118,4121,4124,4127],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,4106,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4108,4109],{"class":3954}," -fsSL",[3179,4111,4112],{"class":3930}," https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key",[3179,4114,4115],{"class":4031}," | ",[3179,4117,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4119,4120],{"class":3930}," gpg",[3179,4122,4123],{"class":3954}," --dearmor",[3179,4125,4126],{"class":3954}," -o",[3179,4128,4129],{"class":3930}," /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg\n",[3179,4131,4132],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,4133,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4135,4136,4139,4142,4144,4146,4149],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,4137,4138],{"class":3926},"echo",[3179,4140,4141],{"class":3930}," 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /'",[3179,4143,4115],{"class":4031},[3179,4145,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4147,4148],{"class":3930}," tee",[3179,4150,4151],{"class":3930}," /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list\n",[3179,4153,4154],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,4155,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4157,4158,4160,4162],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,4159,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4161,4075],{"class":3930},[3179,4163,4078],{"class":3930},[3179,4165,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,4167,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4169,4075],{"class":3930},[3179,4171,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4173,4089],{"class":3954},[3179,4175,3934],{"class":3930},[3170,4177,4180],{"className":3916,"code":4178,"filename":4179,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"snap install kubectl --classic\n","Snap",[3130,4181,4182],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4183,4184,4187,4189,4192],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4185,4186],{"class":3926},"snap",[3179,4188,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4190,4191],{"class":3930}," kubectl",[3179,4193,4194],{"class":3954}," --classic\n",[3170,4196,4199],{"className":3916,"code":4197,"filename":4198,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"curl -LO \"https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl\"\nchmod +x ./kubectl\nsudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl\n","Бінарник",[3130,4200,4201,4218,4226],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4202,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4204,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4206,3955],{"class":3954},[3179,4208,3958],{"class":3930},[3179,4210,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4212,3963],{"class":3954},[3179,4214,3966],{"class":3954},[3179,4216,4217],{"class":3930}," https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl\"\n",[3179,4219,4220,4222,4224],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4221,3983],{"class":3926},[3179,4223,3986],{"class":3930},[3179,4225,3989],{"class":3930},[3179,4227,4228,4230,4232,4234],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,4229,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4231,4006],{"class":3930},[3179,4233,4009],{"class":3930},[3179,4235,4012],{"class":3930},[3497,4237,4239],{"id":4238},"перевірка-встановлення","Перевірка встановлення",[3114,4241,4242],{},"Після встановлення перевірте версію:",[3170,4244,4246],{"className":3916,"code":4245,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl version --client\n",[3130,4247,4248],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4249,4250,4252,4255],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4251,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,4253,4254],{"class":3930}," version",[3179,4256,4257],{"class":3954}," --client\n",[3114,4259,4260],{},"Очікуваний вивід:",[4262,4263,4265,4278,4281,4290],"terminal-preview",{"title":4264},"kubectl version",[4266,4267,4269,4274,4275],"div",{"className":4268},[3181],[3179,4270,4273],{"className":4271},[4272],"opacity-40","$"," ",[3138,4276,4277],{},"kubectl version --client",[4266,4279],{"className":4280},[3181],[4266,4282,4284,4289],{"className":4283},[3181],[3179,4285,4288],{"className":4286},[4287],"text-blue-400","Client Version:"," v1.30.0",[4266,4291,4293,4297],{"className":4292},[3181],[3179,4294,4296],{"className":4295},[4287],"Kustomize Version:"," v5.0.4-0.20230601165947-6ce0bf390ce3",[3859,4299,4300,4301,4304,4305,4307],{},"Прапорець ",[3130,4302,4303],{},"--client"," показує лише версію ",[3130,4306,3148],{},", не намагаючись підключитись до кластера. Це корисно для перевірки встановлення до того, як кластер запущено.",[3151,4309],{},[3109,4311,4313],{"id":4312},"встановлення-minikube","Встановлення minikube",[3114,4315,4316],{},"Тепер встановимо сам minikube — інструмент для запуску локального кластера.",[3497,4318,3910],{"id":4319},"встановлення-на-macos-1",[3912,4321,4322,4336],{},[3170,4323,4325],{"className":3916,"code":4324,"filename":3918,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"brew install minikube\n",[3130,4326,4327],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4328,4329,4331,4333],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4330,3927],{"class":3926},[3179,4332,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4334,4335],{"class":3930}," minikube\n",[3170,4337,4339],{"className":3916,"code":4338,"filename":4198,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-darwin-arm64\nsudo install minikube-darwin-arm64 /usr/local/bin/minikube\n",[3130,4340,4341,4350],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4342,4343,4345,4347],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4344,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4346,3955],{"class":3954},[3179,4348,4349],{"class":3930}," https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-darwin-arm64\n",[3179,4351,4352,4354,4356,4359],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4353,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4355,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4357,4358],{"class":3930}," minikube-darwin-arm64",[3179,4360,4361],{"class":3930}," /usr/local/bin/minikube\n",[3497,4363,4016],{"id":4364},"встановлення-на-windows-1",[3912,4366,4367,4376,4385],{},[3170,4368,4370],{"className":4021,"code":4369,"filename":4023,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"choco install minikube\n",[3130,4371,4372],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4373,4374],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4375,4369],{"class":4031},[3170,4377,4379],{"className":4021,"code":4378,"filename":4045,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"winget install Kubernetes.minikube\n",[3130,4380,4381],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4382,4383],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4384,4378],{"class":4031},[3170,4386,4389],{"className":4021,"code":4387,"filename":4388,"language":4024,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Завантажте .exe з https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/\n# Запустіть інсталятор\n","Інсталятор",[3130,4390,4391,4396],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4392,4393],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4394,4395],{"class":3945},"# Завантажте .exe з https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/\n",[3179,4397,4398],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4399,4400],{"class":3945},"# Запустіть інсталятор\n",[3497,4402,4055],{"id":4403},"встановлення-на-linux-1",[3912,4405,4406,4433,4461],{},[3170,4407,4409],{"className":3916,"code":4408,"filename":4061,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube_latest_amd64.deb\nsudo dpkg -i minikube_latest_amd64.deb\n",[3130,4410,4411,4420],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4412,4413,4415,4417],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4414,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4416,3955],{"class":3954},[3179,4418,4419],{"class":3930}," https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube_latest_amd64.deb\n",[3179,4421,4422,4424,4427,4430],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4423,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4425,4426],{"class":3930}," dpkg",[3179,4428,4429],{"class":3954}," -i",[3179,4431,4432],{"class":3930}," minikube_latest_amd64.deb\n",[3170,4434,4437],{"className":3916,"code":4435,"filename":4436,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-latest.x86_64.rpm\nsudo rpm -Uvh minikube-latest.x86_64.rpm\n","RPM (Fedora/RHEL)",[3130,4438,4439,4448],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4440,4441,4443,4445],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4442,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4444,3955],{"class":3954},[3179,4446,4447],{"class":3930}," https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-latest.x86_64.rpm\n",[3179,4449,4450,4452,4455,4458],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4451,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4453,4454],{"class":3930}," rpm",[3179,4456,4457],{"class":3954}," -Uvh",[3179,4459,4460],{"class":3930}," minikube-latest.x86_64.rpm\n",[3170,4462,4464],{"className":3916,"code":4463,"filename":4198,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64\nsudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube\n",[3130,4465,4466,4475],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4467,4468,4470,4472],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4469,3951],{"class":3926},[3179,4471,3955],{"class":3954},[3179,4473,4474],{"class":3930}," https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64\n",[3179,4476,4477,4479,4481,4484],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4478,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,4480,3931],{"class":3930},[3179,4482,4483],{"class":3930}," minikube-linux-amd64",[3179,4485,4361],{"class":3930},[3497,4487,4239],{"id":4488},"перевірка-встановлення-1",[3170,4490,4492],{"className":3916,"code":4491,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"minikube version\n",[3130,4493,4494],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4495,4496,4498],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4497,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,4499,4500],{"class":3930}," version\n",[3114,4502,4260],{},[4262,4504,4506,4514,4517,4525],{"title":4505},"minikube version",[4266,4507,4509,4274,4512],{"className":4508},[3181],[3179,4510,4273],{"className":4511},[4272],[3138,4513,4505],{},[4266,4515],{"className":4516},[3181],[4266,4518,4520,4524],{"className":4519},[3181],[3179,4521,4523],{"className":4522},[4287],"minikube version:"," v1.33.0",[4266,4526,4528,4532],{"className":4527},[3181],[3179,4529,4531],{"className":4530},[4287],"commit:"," 86fc9d54fca63f295d8737c8eacdbb7987e89c67",[3151,4534],{},[3109,4536,4538],{"id":4537},"запуск-першого-кластера","Запуск першого кластера",[3114,4540,4541],{},"Настав момент істини — запустимо наш перший Kubernetes-кластер.",[4543,4544,4545,4549,4552,4567,4573,4576,4696,4699,4706,4925,4981,4984,5002,5030,5034,5037,5049,5051,5099,5105,5109,5112,5127,5157,5171,5177,5181,5184,5204,5218,5220,5292,5295,5339],"steps",{},[3497,4546,4548],{"id":4547},"крок-1-запуск-кластера","Крок 1: Запуск кластера",[3114,4550,4551],{},"Виконайте команду:",[3170,4553,4555],{"className":3916,"code":4554,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"minikube start --driver=docker\n",[3130,4556,4557],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4558,4559,4561,4564],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4560,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,4562,4563],{"class":3930}," start",[3179,4565,4566],{"class":3954}," --driver=docker\n",[3143,4568,4300,4569,4572],{},[3130,4570,4571],{},"--driver=docker"," вказує minikube використовувати Docker як backend. Це найшвидший та найстабільніший варіант, якщо у вас встановлено Docker Desktop або Docker Engine. Без цього прапорця minikube спробує автоматично визначити найкращий драйвер.",[3114,4574,4575],{},"Процес займе 30-60 секунд. Ви побачите вивід, схожий на цей:",[4262,4577,4578,4587,4590,4598,4606,4614,4622,4630,4638,4646,4655,4662,4669,4677,4685],{"title":3530},[4266,4579,4581,4274,4584],{"className":4580},[3181],[3179,4582,4273],{"className":4583},[4272],[3138,4585,4586],{},"minikube start --driver=docker",[4266,4588],{"className":4589},[3181],[4266,4591,4593,4597],{"className":4592},[3181],[3179,4594,4596],{"className":4595},[4287],"😄"," minikube v1.33.0 on Darwin 14.4.1 (arm64)",[4266,4599,4601,4605],{"className":4600},[3181],[3179,4602,4604],{"className":4603},[4287],"✨"," Using the docker driver based on user configuration",[4266,4607,4609,4613],{"className":4608},[3181],[3179,4610,4612],{"className":4611},[4287],"📌"," Using Docker Desktop driver with root privileges",[4266,4615,4617,4621],{"className":4616},[3181],[3179,4618,4620],{"className":4619},[4287],"👍"," Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube",[4266,4623,4625,4629],{"className":4624},[3181],[3179,4626,4628],{"className":4627},[4287],"🚜"," Pulling base image ...",[4266,4631,4633,4637],{"className":4632},[3181],[3179,4634,4636],{"className":4635},[4287],"🔥"," Creating docker container (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB) ...",[4266,4639,4641,4645],{"className":4640},[3181],[3179,4642,4644],{"className":4643},[4287],"🐳"," Preparing Kubernetes v1.30.0 on Docker 26.0.1 ...",[4266,4647,4649,4650],{"className":4648},[3181],"    ",[3179,4651,4654],{"className":4652},[4653],"opacity-60","▪ Generating certificates and keys ...",[4266,4656,4649,4658],{"className":4657},[3181],[3179,4659,4661],{"className":4660},[4653],"▪ Booting up control plane ...",[4266,4663,4649,4665],{"className":4664},[3181],[3179,4666,4668],{"className":4667},[4653],"▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...",[4266,4670,4672,4676],{"className":4671},[3181],[3179,4673,4675],{"className":4674},[4287],"🔗"," Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...",[4266,4678,4680,4684],{"className":4679},[3181],[3179,4681,4683],{"className":4682},[4287],"🔎"," Verifying Kubernetes components...",[4266,4686,4688,4274,4693],{"className":4687},[3181],[3179,4689,4692],{"className":4690},[4691],"text-green-400","🏄",[3138,4694,4695],{},"Done! kubectl is now configured to use \"minikube\" cluster",[3114,4697,4698],{},"Що відбулося під капотом:",[3114,4700,4701],{},[3160,4702],{"alt":4703,"className":4704,"src":4705},"minikube start process architecture docker container kubernetes components",[3164],"/images/tools/kubernetes/local-environment/02.png",[3167,4707,4708],{},[3170,4709,4711],{"className":3172,"code":4710,"language":3174,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n\nactor \"Користувач\" as user\nparticipant \"minikube CLI\" as mk\nparticipant \"Docker Engine\" as docker\ndatabase \"Docker Container\\n(minikube)\" as container\n\nuser -> mk: minikube start --driver=docker\nactivate mk\n\nmk -> docker: Створити контейнер \"minikube\"\nactivate docker\ndocker -> container: Запустити контейнер\nactivate container\ndocker --> mk: Контейнер створено\ndeactivate docker\n\nmk -> container: Встановити Kubernetes v1.30.0\ncontainer -> container: Завантажити образи компонентів\n\nmk -> container: Запустити Control Plane\ncontainer -> container: ✓ kube-apiserver\ncontainer -> container: ✓ etcd\ncontainer -> container: ✓ kube-scheduler\ncontainer -> container: ✓ kube-controller-manager\n\nmk -> container: Запустити Worker Node компоненти\ncontainer -> container: ✓ kubelet\ncontainer -> container: ✓ kube-proxy\ncontainer -> container: ✓ containerd\n\nmk -> mk: Налаштувати ~/.kube/config\nmk --> user: ✅ Кластер готовий!\ndeactivate mk\ndeactivate container\n\nnote right of container\n  Всередині одного Docker-контейнера\n  працюють всі компоненти Kubernetes:\n  - Control Plane (мозок)\n  - Worker Node (виконавець)\nend note\n@enduml\n",[3130,4712,4713,4717,4721,4725,4729,4734,4739,4744,4749,4753,4758,4763,4767,4772,4777,4782,4787,4792,4797,4801,4806,4811,4815,4820,4825,4830,4835,4840,4844,4849,4854,4859,4864,4868,4873,4878,4883,4888,4892,4897,4902,4907,4912,4917,4921],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4714,4715],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4716,3185],{},[3179,4718,4719],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,4720,3191],{},[3179,4722,4723],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,4724,3197],{},[3179,4726,4727],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,4728,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4730,4731],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,4732,4733],{},"actor \"Користувач\" as user\n",[3179,4735,4736],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,4737,4738],{},"participant \"minikube CLI\" as mk\n",[3179,4740,4741],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,4742,4743],{},"participant \"Docker Engine\" as docker\n",[3179,4745,4746],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,4747,4748],{},"database \"Docker Container\\n(minikube)\" as container\n",[3179,4750,4751],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,4752,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4754,4755],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,4756,4757],{},"user -> mk: minikube start --driver=docker\n",[3179,4759,4760],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,4761,4762],{},"activate mk\n",[3179,4764,4765],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,4766,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4768,4769],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,4770,4771],{},"mk -> docker: Створити контейнер \"minikube\"\n",[3179,4773,4774],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,4775,4776],{},"activate docker\n",[3179,4778,4779],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,4780,4781],{},"docker -> container: Запустити контейнер\n",[3179,4783,4784],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,4785,4786],{},"activate container\n",[3179,4788,4789],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,4790,4791],{},"docker --> mk: Контейнер створено\n",[3179,4793,4794],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,4795,4796],{},"deactivate docker\n",[3179,4798,4799],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,4800,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4802,4803],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,4804,4805],{},"mk -> container: Встановити Kubernetes v1.30.0\n",[3179,4807,4808],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,4809,4810],{},"container -> container: Завантажити образи компонентів\n",[3179,4812,4813],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,4814,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4816,4817],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,4818,4819],{},"mk -> container: Запустити Control Plane\n",[3179,4821,4822],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,4823,4824],{},"container -> container: ✓ kube-apiserver\n",[3179,4826,4827],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,4828,4829],{},"container -> container: ✓ etcd\n",[3179,4831,4832],{"class":3181,"line":3329},[3179,4833,4834],{},"container -> container: ✓ kube-scheduler\n",[3179,4836,4837],{"class":3181,"line":3335},[3179,4838,4839],{},"container -> container: ✓ kube-controller-manager\n",[3179,4841,4842],{"class":3181,"line":3341},[3179,4843,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4845,4846],{"class":3181,"line":3346},[3179,4847,4848],{},"mk -> container: Запустити Worker Node компоненти\n",[3179,4850,4851],{"class":3181,"line":3352},[3179,4852,4853],{},"container -> container: ✓ kubelet\n",[3179,4855,4856],{"class":3181,"line":3357},[3179,4857,4858],{},"container -> container: ✓ kube-proxy\n",[3179,4860,4861],{"class":3181,"line":3363},[3179,4862,4863],{},"container -> container: ✓ containerd\n",[3179,4865,4866],{"class":3181,"line":3369},[3179,4867,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4869,4870],{"class":3181,"line":3375},[3179,4871,4872],{},"mk -> mk: Налаштувати ~/.kube/config\n",[3179,4874,4875],{"class":3181,"line":3381},[3179,4876,4877],{},"mk --> user: ✅ Кластер готовий!\n",[3179,4879,4880],{"class":3181,"line":3387},[3179,4881,4882],{},"deactivate mk\n",[3179,4884,4885],{"class":3181,"line":3392},[3179,4886,4887],{},"deactivate container\n",[3179,4889,4890],{"class":3181,"line":3398},[3179,4891,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,4893,4894],{"class":3181,"line":3404},[3179,4895,4896],{},"note right of container\n",[3179,4898,4899],{"class":3181,"line":3410},[3179,4900,4901],{},"  Всередині одного Docker-контейнера\n",[3179,4903,4904],{"class":3181,"line":3416},[3179,4905,4906],{},"  працюють всі компоненти Kubernetes:\n",[3179,4908,4909],{"class":3181,"line":3421},[3179,4910,4911],{},"  - Control Plane (мозок)\n",[3179,4913,4914],{"class":3181,"line":3426},[3179,4915,4916],{},"  - Worker Node (виконавець)\n",[3179,4918,4919],{"class":3181,"line":3432},[3179,4920,3384],{},[3179,4922,4923],{"class":3181,"line":3438},[3179,4924,3492],{},[4926,4927,4928,4937,4943,4961,4975],"ol",{},[3516,4929,4930,4933,4934,4936],{},[3138,4931,4932],{},"Створено Docker-контейнер"," з іменем ",[3130,4935,3505],{},", який виконує роль єдиного вузла кластера",[3516,4938,4939,4942],{},[3138,4940,4941],{},"Встановлено Kubernetes"," версії 1.30.0 всередині цього контейнера",[3516,4944,4945,4948,4949,3531,4952,3531,4955,3531,4958],{},[3138,4946,4947],{},"Запущено всі компоненти control plane",": ",[3130,4950,4951],{},"kube-apiserver",[3130,4953,4954],{},"etcd",[3130,4956,4957],{},"kube-scheduler",[3130,4959,4960],{},"kube-controller-manager",[3516,4962,4963,4948,4966,3531,4969,3531,4972],{},[3138,4964,4965],{},"Запущено компоненти worker node",[3130,4967,4968],{},"kubelet",[3130,4970,4971],{},"kube-proxy",[3130,4973,4974],{},"containerd",[3516,4976,4977,4980],{},[3138,4978,4979],{},"Налаштовано kubectl"," для підключення до цього кластера",[3114,4982,4983],{},"Перевірити, що контейнер запущено, можна через Docker:",[3170,4985,4987],{"className":3916,"code":4986,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"docker ps --filter name=minikube\n",[3130,4988,4989],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,4990,4991,4993,4996,4999],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,4992,3888],{"class":3926},[3179,4994,4995],{"class":3930}," ps",[3179,4997,4998],{"class":3954}," --filter",[3179,5000,5001],{"class":3930}," name=minikube\n",[4262,5003,5004,5013,5016,5024],{"title":3895},[4266,5005,5007,4274,5010],{"className":5006},[3181],[3179,5008,4273],{"className":5009},[4272],[3138,5011,5012],{},"docker ps --filter name=minikube",[4266,5014],{"className":5015},[3181],[4266,5017,5019],{"className":5018},[3181],[3179,5020,5023],{"className":5021},[5022],"text-gray-400","CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                    STATUS         PORTS                                                                NAMES",[4266,5025,5027,5028],{"className":5026},[3181],"a3f8c9d12e45   gcr.io/k8s-minikube/...  Up 2 minutes   127.0.0.1:32768->22/tcp, 127.0.0.1:32769->2376/tcp, ...             ",[3138,5029,3505],{},[3497,5031,5033],{"id":5032},"крок-2-перевірка-стану-кластера","Крок 2: Перевірка стану кластера",[3114,5035,5036],{},"Тепер перевіримо, що кластер справді працює. Виконайте:",[3170,5038,5040],{"className":3916,"code":5039,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl cluster-info\n",[3130,5041,5042],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5043,5044,5046],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5045,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,5047,5048],{"class":3930}," cluster-info\n",[3114,5050,4260],{},[4262,5052,5054,5062,5065,5078,5089,5092],{"title":5053},"kubectl cluster-info",[4266,5055,5057,4274,5060],{"className":5056},[3181],[3179,5058,4273],{"className":5059},[4272],[3138,5061,5053],{},[4266,5063],{"className":5064},[3181],[4266,5066,5068,5073,5074],{"className":5067},[3181],[3179,5069,5072],{"className":5070},[4691,5071],"font-bold","Kubernetes control plane"," is running at ",[3179,5075,5077],{"className":5076},[4287],"https://127.0.0.1:32769",[4266,5079,5081,5073,5085],{"className":5080},[3181],[3179,5082,5084],{"className":5083},[4691,5071],"CoreDNS",[3179,5086,5088],{"className":5087},[4287],"https://127.0.0.1:32769/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy",[4266,5090],{"className":5091},[3181],[4266,5093,5095],{"className":5094},[3181],[3179,5096,5098],{"className":5097},[4653],"To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.",[3114,5100,5101,5102,5104],{},"Ця команда показує адресу API-сервера та системні сервіси. Зверніть увагу: ",[3130,5103,3148],{}," спілкується з кластером через HTTPS на локальному порту.",[3497,5106,5108],{"id":5107},"крок-3-перегляд-вузлів-кластера","Крок 3: Перегляд вузлів кластера",[3114,5110,5111],{},"Згадайте з попередньої статті: кластер складається з вузлів (nodes). Подивимось, які вузли є у нашому кластері:",[3170,5113,5115],{"className":3916,"code":5114,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get nodes\n",[3130,5116,5117],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5118,5119,5121,5124],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5120,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,5122,5123],{"class":3930}," get",[3179,5125,5126],{"class":3930}," nodes\n",[4262,5128,5130,5138,5141,5148],{"title":5129},"kubectl get nodes",[4266,5131,5133,4274,5136],{"className":5132},[3181],[3179,5134,4273],{"className":5135},[4272],[3138,5137,5129],{},[4266,5139],{"className":5140},[3181],[4266,5142,5144],{"className":5143},[3181],[3179,5145,5147],{"className":5146},[5022],"NAME       STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION",[4266,5149,5151,5152,5156],{"className":5150},[3181],"minikube   ",[3179,5153,5155],{"className":5154},[4691,5071],"Ready","    control-plane   2m    v1.30.0",[3114,5158,5159,5160,5162,5163,5166,5167,5170],{},"Бачимо один вузол з іменем ",[3130,5161,3505],{},". Колонка ",[3130,5164,5165],{},"ROLES"," показує ",[3130,5168,5169],{},"control-plane"," — це означає, що цей вузол виконує роль і control plane, і worker node одночасно. У production-кластерах ці ролі розділені, але для локальної розробки це нормально.",[3114,5172,5173,5174,5176],{},"Статус ",[3130,5175,5155],{}," означає, що вузол справний і готовий приймати Podʼи.",[3497,5178,5180],{"id":5179},"крок-4-перегляд-системних-podʼів","Крок 4: Перегляд системних Podʼів",[3114,5182,5183],{},"Kubernetes сам використовує Podʼи для запуску своїх внутрішніх компонентів. Подивимось на них:",[3170,5185,5187],{"className":3916,"code":5186,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get pods -n kube-system\n",[3130,5188,5189],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5190,5191,5193,5195,5198,5201],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5192,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,5194,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,5196,5197],{"class":3930}," pods",[3179,5199,5200],{"class":3954}," -n",[3179,5202,5203],{"class":3930}," kube-system\n",[3143,5205,4300,5206,5209,5210,5213,5214,5217],{},[3130,5207,5208],{},"-n kube-system"," вказує на ",[3138,5211,5212],{},"namespace"," (простір імен) ",[3130,5215,5216],{},"kube-system",". Це критично важлива концепція ізоляції, яку ми детально розберемо у наступному розділі.",[3114,5219,4260],{},[4262,5221,5223,5231,5234,5241,5250,5257,5264,5271,5278,5285],{"title":5222},"kubectl get pods -n kube-system",[4266,5224,5226,4274,5229],{"className":5225},[3181],[3179,5227,4273],{"className":5228},[4272],[3138,5230,5222],{},[4266,5232],{"className":5233},[3181],[4266,5235,5237],{"className":5236},[3181],[3179,5238,5240],{"className":5239},[5022],"NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE",[4266,5242,5244,5245,5249],{"className":5243},[3181],"coredns-7db6d8ff4d-8xk2p           1/1     ",[3179,5246,5248],{"className":5247},[4691,5071],"Running","   0          3m",[4266,5251,5253,5254,5249],{"className":5252},[3181],"etcd-minikube                      1/1     ",[3179,5255,5248],{"className":5256},[4691,5071],[4266,5258,5260,5261,5249],{"className":5259},[3181],"kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     ",[3179,5262,5248],{"className":5263},[4691,5071],[4266,5265,5267,5268,5249],{"className":5266},[3181],"kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     ",[3179,5269,5248],{"className":5270},[4691,5071],[4266,5272,5274,5275,5249],{"className":5273},[3181],"kube-proxy-vx9qm                   1/1     ",[3179,5276,5248],{"className":5277},[4691,5071],[4266,5279,5281,5282,5249],{"className":5280},[3181],"kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     ",[3179,5283,5248],{"className":5284},[4691,5071],[4266,5286,5288,5289,5249],{"className":5287},[3181],"storage-provisioner                1/1     ",[3179,5290,5248],{"className":5291},[4691,5071],[3114,5293,5294],{},"Впізнаєте ці імена? Це саме ті компоненти, які ми розглядали у попередній статті:",[3513,5296,5297,5303,5309,5315,5321,5327,5333],{},[3516,5298,5299,5302],{},[3130,5300,5301],{},"etcd-minikube"," — розподілена база даних стану",[3516,5304,5305,5308],{},[3130,5306,5307],{},"kube-apiserver-minikube"," — API-сервер",[3516,5310,5311,5314],{},[3130,5312,5313],{},"kube-controller-manager-minikube"," — менеджер контролерів",[3516,5316,5317,5320],{},[3130,5318,5319],{},"kube-scheduler-minikube"," — планувальник",[3516,5322,5323,5326],{},[3130,5324,5325],{},"kube-proxy-vx9qm"," — мережевий проксі",[3516,5328,5329,5332],{},[3130,5330,5331],{},"coredns-*"," — DNS-сервер для service discovery",[3516,5334,5335,5338],{},[3130,5336,5337],{},"storage-provisioner"," — компонент для автоматичного створення volumes",[3114,5340,5341,5342,5166,5345,5348,5349,5351],{},"Колонка ",[3130,5343,5344],{},"READY",[3130,5346,5347],{},"1/1"," — це означає, що у Podʼі один контейнер і він готовий до роботи. Статус ",[3130,5350,5248],{}," підтверджує, що контейнер виконується.",[3151,5353],{},[3109,5355,5357],{"id":5356},"namespace-логічні-кімнати-кластера","Namespace — логічні кімнати кластера",[3114,5359,5360,5361,5364],{},"Коли ви вперше заходите в кластер, він може здатися безкраїм полем. Але насправді Kubernetes розділений на \"віртуальні зони\", які називаються ",[3138,5362,5363],{},"Namespaces"," (простори імен).",[3114,5366,5367,5368,5371],{},"Уявіть кластер як велику ",[3138,5369,5370],{},"офісну будівлю",". Будівля одна (один кластер), але в ній багато кімнат:",[3513,5373,5374,5381,5387],{},[3516,5375,5376,5377,5380],{},"У ",[3138,5378,5379],{},"кімнаті 1"," працює бухгалтерія.",[3516,5382,5376,5383,5386],{},[3138,5384,5385],{},"кімнаті 2"," — відділ розробки.",[3516,5388,5376,5389,5392],{},[3138,5390,5391],{},"кімнаті 3"," — серверна з обладнанням самої будівлі (вентиляція, ліфти).",[3114,5394,5395],{},"Співробітники розробки не заважають бухгалтерам, хоча всі вони знаходяться під одним дахом.",[3497,5397,5399],{"id":5398},"навіщо-потрібні-namespace","Навіщо потрібні Namespace?",[4926,5401,5402,5425,5438],{},[3516,5403,5404,5407,5408,5411,5412,5415,5416,5411,5418,5421,5422,3906],{},[3138,5405,5406],{},"Ізоляція імен",": Ви можете мати Pod з іменем ",[3130,5409,5410],{},"web-server"," у namespace ",[3130,5413,5414],{},"project-a"," і ще один ",[3130,5417,5410],{},[3130,5419,5420],{},"project-b",". Вони не будуть конфліктувати. Це працює як ",[3138,5423,5424],{},"папки на вашому комп'ютері",[3516,5426,5427,5430,5431,5434,5435,3906],{},[3138,5428,5429],{},"Безпека та доступ",": Ви можете дозволити розробникам створювати що завгодно у namespace ",[3130,5432,5433],{},"dev",", але заборонити їм навіть дивитися, що відбувається у ",[3130,5436,5437],{},"production",[3516,5439,5440,5443,5444,5447],{},[3138,5441,5442],{},"Обмеження ресурсів (Quotas)",": Можна сказати: \"Namespace ",[3130,5445,5446],{},"testing"," не може споживати більше 10 ГБ оперативної пам'яті кластера\", щоб тести не \"з'їли\" ресурси всього офісу.",[3497,5449,5451],{"id":5450},"стандартні-namespace-які-ви-побачите-завжди","Стандартні Namespace, які ви побачите завжди:",[3513,5453,5454,5460,5465],{},[3516,5455,5456,5459],{},[3130,5457,5458],{},"default"," — \"вітальня\". Якщо ви створюєте об'єкт і не вказуєте namespace, він потрапляє сюди.",[3516,5461,5462,5464],{},[3130,5463,5216],{}," — \"серверна\". Тут живуть компоненти самого Kubernetes (API-сервер, планувальник тощо). Краще сюди нічого свого не ставити.",[3516,5466,5467,5470],{},[3130,5468,5469],{},"kube-public"," — \"хол\". Ресурси, які мають бути видимі всім (навіть без автентифікації).",[3167,5472,5473],{},[3170,5474,5476],{"className":3172,"code":5475,"language":3174,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n\npackage \"Kubernetes Cluster\" {\n    package \"namespace: kube-system\" #e9ecef {\n        [API Server]\n        [Scheduler]\n    }\n    \n    package \"namespace: project-alpha\" #f8f9fa {\n        [Frontend]\n        [Backend]\n    }\n    \n    package \"namespace: project-beta\" #f8f9fa {\n        [Frontend]\n        [Database]\n    }\n}\n\nnote bottom of \"namespace: project-alpha\"\n  Два ресурси з однаковим ім'ям 'Frontend'\n  можуть співіснувати у різних namespace.\nend note\n@enduml\n",[3130,5477,5478,5482,5486,5490,5494,5499,5504,5509,5514,5518,5522,5527,5532,5537,5541,5545,5550,5554,5559,5563,5567,5571,5576,5581,5586,5590],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5479,5480],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5481,3185],{},[3179,5483,5484],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,5485,3191],{},[3179,5487,5488],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,5489,3197],{},[3179,5491,5492],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,5493,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,5495,5496],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,5497,5498],{},"package \"Kubernetes Cluster\" {\n",[3179,5500,5501],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,5502,5503],{},"    package \"namespace: kube-system\" #e9ecef {\n",[3179,5505,5506],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,5507,5508],{},"        [API Server]\n",[3179,5510,5511],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,5512,5513],{},"        [Scheduler]\n",[3179,5515,5516],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,5517,3240],{},[3179,5519,5520],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,5521,3246],{},[3179,5523,5524],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,5525,5526],{},"    package \"namespace: project-alpha\" #f8f9fa {\n",[3179,5528,5529],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,5530,5531],{},"        [Frontend]\n",[3179,5533,5534],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,5535,5536],{},"        [Backend]\n",[3179,5538,5539],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,5540,3240],{},[3179,5542,5543],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,5544,3246],{},[3179,5546,5547],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,5548,5549],{},"    package \"namespace: project-beta\" #f8f9fa {\n",[3179,5551,5552],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,5553,5531],{},[3179,5555,5556],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,5557,5558],{},"        [Database]\n",[3179,5560,5561],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,5562,3240],{},[3179,5564,5565],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,5566,3349],{},[3179,5568,5569],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,5570,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,5572,5573],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,5574,5575],{},"note bottom of \"namespace: project-alpha\"\n",[3179,5577,5578],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,5579,5580],{},"  Два ресурси з однаковим ім'ям 'Frontend'\n",[3179,5582,5583],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,5584,5585],{},"  можуть співіснувати у різних namespace.\n",[3179,5587,5588],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,5589,3384],{},[3179,5591,5592],{"class":3181,"line":3329},[3179,5593,3492],{},[3151,5595],{},[3109,5597,5599],{"id":5598},"розуміння-kubeconfig-як-kubectl-знає-куди-підключатись","Розуміння kubeconfig — як kubectl знає, куди підключатись",[3114,5601,5602,5603,5605,5606,5608,5609,3906],{},"Коли ви виконуєте ",[3130,5604,5129],{},", як ",[3130,5607,3148],{}," знає, до якого кластера звертатись? Відповідь — через файл конфігурації ",[3138,5610,5611],{},"kubeconfig",[3497,5613,5615],{"id":5614},"структура-kubeconfig","Структура kubeconfig",[3114,5617,5618,5619,5621,5622,5625],{},"За замовчуванням ",[3130,5620,3148],{}," читає конфігурацію з файлу ",[3130,5623,5624],{},"~/.kube/config",". Цей файл містить три основні секції:",[5627,5628,5629,5642,5646,5666],"field-group",{},[5630,5631,5634,5635,5637,5638,5641],"field",{"name":5632,"type":5633},"clusters","масив","Список кластерів, до яких ви можете підключатись. Хоча кластер — це сукупність багатьох серверів, для ",[3130,5636,3148],{}," він завжди представлений ",[3138,5639,5640],{},"однією точкою входу"," (адресою API-сервера). Це як «ресепшн» у великому готелі: вам не потрібно знати розташування всіх кімнат, ви просто звертаєтесь до адміністратора, а він сам керує процесами всередині.",[5630,5643,5645],{"name":5644,"type":5633},"users","Список облікових записів (credentials) для автентифікації у кластерах. Може містити сертифікати, токени або інші методи автентифікації.",[5630,5647,5649,5650,5653,5654,5657,5658,5661,5662,5665],{"name":5648,"type":5633},"contexts","Контекст — це «готовий набір» налаштувань, який поєднує кластер, користувача та namespace. Замість того, щоб щоразу вказувати адресу сервера та логін, ви просто перемикаєте контекст, який каже: «Зараз я хочу працювати в ",[3138,5651,5652],{},"Кластері А"," від імені ",[3138,5655,5656],{},"Користувача Б"," у ",[3138,5659,5660],{},"Namespace В","». Це як ",[3138,5663,5664],{},"кнопка пам'яті в кріслі авто",": один раз налаштували положення сидіння та дзеркал під себе, і далі просто активуєте свій профіль однією дією.",[5630,5667,5670,5671,5673],{"name":5668,"type":5669},"current-context","рядок","Ім'я активного контексту. Саме цей контекст використовується для всіх ",[3130,5672,3148],{},"-команд.",[3114,5675,5676],{},"Подивимось на структуру файлу:",[3170,5678,5680],{"className":3916,"code":5679,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl config view\n",[3130,5681,5682],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5683,5684,5686,5689],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5685,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,5687,5688],{"class":3930}," config",[3179,5690,5691],{"class":3930}," view\n",[4262,5693,5695,5703,5706,5714,5721,5729,5733,5737,5746,5753,5760,5764,5768,5774,5784,5791,5797,5804,5808],{"title":5694},"kubectl config view",[4266,5696,5698,4274,5701],{"className":5697},[3181],[3179,5699,4273],{"className":5700},[4272],[3138,5702,5694],{},[4266,5704],{"className":5705},[3181],[4266,5707,5709,5713],{"className":5708},[3181],[3179,5710,5712],{"className":5711},[4287],"apiVersion:"," v1",[4266,5715,5717],{"className":5716},[3181],[3179,5718,5720],{"className":5719},[4287],"clusters:",[4266,5722,5724,5725],{"className":5723},[3181],"- ",[3179,5726,5728],{"className":5727},[4287],"cluster:",[4266,5730,5732],{"className":5731},[3181],"    certificate-authority: /Users/user/.minikube/ca.crt",[4266,5734,5736],{"className":5735},[3181],"    server: https://127.0.0.1:32769",[4266,5738,5740,5741,5745],{"className":5739},[3181],"  ",[3179,5742,5744],{"className":5743},[4287],"name:"," minikube",[4266,5747,5749],{"className":5748},[3181],[3179,5750,5752],{"className":5751},[4287],"contexts:",[4266,5754,5724,5756],{"className":5755},[3181],[3179,5757,5759],{"className":5758},[4287],"context:",[4266,5761,5763],{"className":5762},[3181],"    cluster: minikube",[4266,5765,5767],{"className":5766},[3181],"    user: minikube",[4266,5769,5740,5771,5745],{"className":5770},[3181],[3179,5772,5744],{"className":5773},[4287],[4266,5775,5777,4274,5781],{"className":5776},[3181],[3179,5778,5780],{"className":5779},[4287],"current-context:",[3179,5782,3505],{"className":5783},[4691,5071],[4266,5785,5787],{"className":5786},[3181],[3179,5788,5790],{"className":5789},[4287],"users:",[4266,5792,5724,5794,5745],{"className":5793},[3181],[3179,5795,5744],{"className":5796},[4287],[4266,5798,5740,5800],{"className":5799},[3181],[3179,5801,5803],{"className":5802},[4287],"user:",[4266,5805,5807],{"className":5806},[3181],"    client-certificate: /Users/user/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crt",[4266,5809,5811],{"className":5810},[3181],"    client-key: /Users/user/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key",[3167,5813,5814],{},[3170,5815,5817],{"className":3172,"code":5816,"language":3174,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n\npackage \"kubeconfig (~/.kube/config)\" #f8f9fa {\n    component \"Clusters\" as C #e9ecef {\n        [Local (minikube)]\n        [Production (GKE)]\n    }\n    \n    component \"Users\" as U #e9ecef {\n        [minikube-user]\n        [prod-admin]\n    }\n    \n    component \"Contexts (Профілі)\" as CX #fff {\n        [context: minikube]\n        [context: prod-admin]\n    }\n}\n\n[context: minikube] -up-> [Local (minikube)] : \"Куди?\"\n[context: minikube] -up-> [minikube-user] : \"Хто?\"\n\n[context: prod-admin] -up-> [Production (GKE)] : \"Куди?\"\n[context: prod-admin] -up-> [prod-admin] : \"Хто?\"\n@enduml\n",[3130,5818,5819,5823,5827,5831,5835,5840,5845,5850,5855,5859,5863,5868,5873,5878,5882,5886,5891,5896,5901,5905,5909,5913,5918,5923,5927,5932,5937],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,5820,5821],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,5822,3185],{},[3179,5824,5825],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,5826,3191],{},[3179,5828,5829],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,5830,3197],{},[3179,5832,5833],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,5834,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,5836,5837],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,5838,5839],{},"package \"kubeconfig (~/.kube/config)\" #f8f9fa {\n",[3179,5841,5842],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,5843,5844],{},"    component \"Clusters\" as C #e9ecef {\n",[3179,5846,5847],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,5848,5849],{},"        [Local (minikube)]\n",[3179,5851,5852],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,5853,5854],{},"        [Production (GKE)]\n",[3179,5856,5857],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,5858,3240],{},[3179,5860,5861],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,5862,3246],{},[3179,5864,5865],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,5866,5867],{},"    component \"Users\" as U #e9ecef {\n",[3179,5869,5870],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,5871,5872],{},"        [minikube-user]\n",[3179,5874,5875],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,5876,5877],{},"        [prod-admin]\n",[3179,5879,5880],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,5881,3240],{},[3179,5883,5884],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,5885,3246],{},[3179,5887,5888],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,5889,5890],{},"    component \"Contexts (Профілі)\" as CX #fff {\n",[3179,5892,5893],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,5894,5895],{},"        [context: minikube]\n",[3179,5897,5898],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,5899,5900],{},"        [context: prod-admin]\n",[3179,5902,5903],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,5904,3240],{},[3179,5906,5907],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,5908,3349],{},[3179,5910,5911],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,5912,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,5914,5915],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,5916,5917],{},"[context: minikube] -up-> [Local (minikube)] : \"Куди?\"\n",[3179,5919,5920],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,5921,5922],{},"[context: minikube] -up-> [minikube-user] : \"Хто?\"\n",[3179,5924,5925],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,5926,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,5928,5929],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,5930,5931],{},"[context: prod-admin] -up-> [Production (GKE)] : \"Куди?\"\n",[3179,5933,5934],{"class":3181,"line":3329},[3179,5935,5936],{},"[context: prod-admin] -up-> [prod-admin] : \"Хто?\"\n",[3179,5938,5939],{"class":3181,"line":3335},[3179,5940,3492],{},[3114,5942,5943,5944,5946,5947,5950],{},"Команда ",[3130,5945,3530],{}," працює як ",[3138,5948,5949],{},"автоматичний налаштувальник",". Вона сама заповнює всі складні технічні поля у вашому файлі конфігурації:",[4926,5952,5953,5961,5969,5978],{},[3516,5954,5955,5958,5959,3906],{},[3138,5956,5957],{},"Реєструє адресу",": додає URL-адресу вашого локального кластера в розділ ",[3130,5960,5632],{},[3516,5962,5963,5966,5967,3906],{},[3138,5964,5965],{},"Створює \"ключі\"",": додає ваші сертифікати (перепустки) до списку ",[3130,5968,5644],{},[3516,5970,5971,5974,5975,5977],{},[3138,5972,5973],{},"Створює профіль",": створює контекст ",[3130,5976,3505],{},", який автоматично пов'язує цей кластер з цими ключами.",[3516,5979,5980,5983,5984,5986],{},[3138,5981,5982],{},"Робить його активним",": встановлює цей профіль як ",[3130,5985,5668],{},", щоб ви могли відразу почати роботу.",[3114,5988,5989],{},"Тобто Minikube повністю готує \"міст\" між вашим терміналом та кластером, позбавляючи вас ручної рутини.",[3497,5991,5993],{"id":5992},"перемикання-між-контекстами","Перемикання між контекстами",[3114,5995,5996],{},"Якщо у вас кілька кластерів (наприклад, локальний minikube та production у GKE), ви можете перемикатись між ними:",[3170,5998,6000],{"className":3916,"code":5999,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Переглянути всі доступні контексти\nkubectl config get-contexts\n\n# Перемкнутись на інший контекст\nkubectl config use-context \u003Cназва-контексту>\n\n# Подивитись поточний контекст\nkubectl config current-context\n",[3130,6001,6002,6007,6016,6020,6025,6043,6047,6052],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6003,6004],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6005,6006],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути всі доступні контексти\n",[3179,6008,6009,6011,6013],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6010,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6012,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,6014,6015],{"class":3930}," get-contexts\n",[3179,6017,6018],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6019,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6021,6022],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6023,6024],{"class":3945},"# Перемкнутись на інший контекст\n",[3179,6026,6027,6029,6031,6034,6037,6040],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6028,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6030,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,6032,6033],{"class":3930}," use-context",[3179,6035,6036],{"class":4031}," \u003C",[3179,6038,6039],{"class":3930},"назва-контекст",[3179,6041,6042],{"class":4031},"у>\n",[3179,6044,6045],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,6046,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6048,6049],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,6050,6051],{"class":3945},"# Подивитись поточний контекст\n",[3179,6053,6054,6056,6058],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,6055,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6057,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,6059,6060],{"class":3930}," current-context\n",[3497,6062,6064],{"id":6063},"сценарій-де-мої-pod-и-та-магія-namespace","Сценарій: \"Де мої Pod-и?\" та магія Namespace",[3114,6066,6067,6068,6070,6071,3906],{},"Одна з найпоширеніших проблем новачків — ви створили Pod у контексті ",[3130,6069,3505],{},", а потім не можете його знайти. Чому? Тому що в контексті можна задати ",[3138,6072,6073],{},"namespace за замовчуванням",[3114,6075,6076,6079,6080,6083,6084,6087,6088,6091],{},[3138,6077,6078],{},"Приклад робочого сценарію:","\nУ вас є контекст ",[3130,6081,6082],{},"prod",", але ви працюєте лише з сервісом замовлень у namespace ",[3130,6085,6086],{},"orders",". Ви можете налаштувати контекст так, щоб не писати кожного разу ",[3130,6089,6090],{},"-n orders",":",[3170,6093,6095],{"className":3916,"code":6094,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=orders\n",[3130,6096,6097],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6098,6099,6101,6103,6106,6109],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6100,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6102,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,6104,6105],{"class":3930}," set-context",[3179,6107,6108],{"class":3954}," --current",[3179,6110,6111],{"class":3954}," --namespace=orders\n",[3114,6113,6114,6115,6117,6118,6120],{},"Тепер команда ",[3130,6116,3899],{}," буде автоматично показувати лише Pod-и з ",[3130,6119,6086],{},". Це дуже зручно, але небезпечно, якщо ви забули, у якому namespace зараз знаходитесь!",[3497,6122,6124],{"id":6123},"як-це-виглядає-на-реальній-роботі","Як це виглядає на реальній роботі?",[3114,6126,6127,6128,6130,6131,6134],{},"У досвідченого DevOps-інженера файл ",[3130,6129,5624],{}," може містити десятки контекстів. Оскільки перемикатись через довгі команди ",[3130,6132,6133],{},"kubectl config use-context ..."," незручно, у спільноті використовують два \"must-have\" інструменти:",[6136,6137,6138,6147],"card-group",{},[6139,6140,6143,6144,3906],"card",{"icon":6141,"title":6142},"i-heroicons-arrows-right-left","kubectx","Дозволяє перемикати кластери (контексти) однією короткою командою. Наприклад: ",[3130,6145,6146],{},"kubectx minikube",[6139,6148,6151,6152,3906],{"icon":6149,"title":6150},"i-heroicons-tag","kubens","Дозволяє миттєво перемикати namespace всередині поточного контексту. Наприклад: ",[3130,6153,6154],{},"kubens monitoring",[3859,6156,6157,6162],{},[3114,6158,6159],{},[3138,6160,6161],{},"Аналогія з автомобілем:",[3513,6163,6164,6170,6176],{},[3516,6165,6166,6169],{},[3138,6167,6168],{},"Clusters"," — це різні автомобілі у вашому гаражі (джип для гір, седан для міста).",[3516,6171,6172,6175],{},[3138,6173,6174],{},"Users"," — це різні ключі або водійські права.",[3516,6177,6178,6181],{},[3138,6179,6180],{},"Contexts"," — це збережені налаштування сидіння та дзеркал: один раз натиснули кнопку \"Профіль 1\", і машина сама підлаштувалась під водія та маршрут.",[3151,6183],{},[3109,6185,6187],{"id":6186},"перші-команди-kubectl","Перші команди kubectl",[3114,6189,6190,6191,6193],{},"Тепер, коли кластер запущено і ",[3130,6192,3148],{}," налаштовано, розглянемо базові команди для роботи з Kubernetes.",[3497,6195,6197],{"id":6196},"структура-команд-kubectl","Структура команд kubectl",[3114,6199,6200,6201,6203],{},"Як ми згадували у попередній статті, команди ",[3130,6202,3148],{}," мають чітку структуру:",[3170,6205,6207],{"className":3916,"code":6206,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl [дієслово] [тип-ресурсу] [імʼя] [прапорці]\n",[3130,6208,6209],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6210,6211,6213],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6212,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6214,6215],{"class":4031}," [дієслово] [тип-ресурсу] [імʼя] [прапорці]\n",[3114,6217,6218],{},[3138,6219,6220],{},"Основні дієслова:",[6136,6222,6223,6228,6233,6238,6243,6248],{},[6139,6224,6227],{"icon":6225,"title":6226},"i-heroicons-eye","get","Отримати список ресурсів або деталі конкретного ресурсу. Найчастіша команда для перегляду стану.",[6139,6229,6232],{"icon":6230,"title":6231},"i-heroicons-document-text","describe","Детальна інформація про ресурс: події, стан, конфігурація. Використовується для діагностики.",[6139,6234,6237],{"icon":6235,"title":6236},"i-heroicons-arrow-up-tray","apply","Створити або оновити ресурс з YAML/JSON файлу. Декларативний підхід.",[6139,6239,6242],{"icon":6240,"title":6241},"i-heroicons-trash","delete","Видалити ресурс з кластера.",[6139,6244,6247],{"icon":6245,"title":6246},"i-heroicons-document-magnifying-glass","logs","Переглянути логи контейнера у Podʼі.",[6139,6249,6252,6253,6256],{"icon":6250,"title":6251},"i-heroicons-command-line","exec","Виконати команду всередині контейнера у Podʼі (аналог ",[3130,6254,6255],{},"docker exec",").",[3497,6258,6260],{"id":6259},"приклади-базових-команд","Приклади базових команд",[3912,6262,6263,6367,6461,6524],{},[3170,6264,6267],{"className":3916,"code":6265,"filename":6266,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Переглянути всі Podʼи у поточному namespace (default)\nkubectl get pods\n\n# Переглянути Podʼи у всіх namespace\nkubectl get pods --all-namespaces\n# або скорочено:\nkubectl get pods -A\n\n# Переглянути вузли кластера\nkubectl get nodes\n\n# Переглянути сервіси\nkubectl get services\n# або скорочено:\nkubectl get svc\n","Перегляд ресурсів",[3130,6268,6269,6274,6283,6287,6292,6303,6308,6319,6323,6328,6336,6340,6345,6354,6358],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6270,6271],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6272,6273],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути всі Podʼи у поточному namespace (default)\n",[3179,6275,6276,6278,6280],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6277,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6279,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6281,6282],{"class":3930}," pods\n",[3179,6284,6285],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6286,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6288,6289],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6290,6291],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути Podʼи у всіх namespace\n",[3179,6293,6294,6296,6298,6300],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6295,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6297,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6299,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,6301,6302],{"class":3954}," --all-namespaces\n",[3179,6304,6305],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,6306,6307],{"class":3945},"# або скорочено:\n",[3179,6309,6310,6312,6314,6316],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,6311,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6313,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6315,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,6317,6318],{"class":3954}," -A\n",[3179,6320,6321],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,6322,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6324,6325],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,6326,6327],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути вузли кластера\n",[3179,6329,6330,6332,6334],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,6331,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6333,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6335,5126],{"class":3930},[3179,6337,6338],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,6339,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6341,6342],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,6343,6344],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути сервіси\n",[3179,6346,6347,6349,6351],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,6348,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6350,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6352,6353],{"class":3930}," services\n",[3179,6355,6356],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,6357,6307],{"class":3945},[3179,6359,6360,6362,6364],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,6361,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6363,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6365,6366],{"class":3930}," svc\n",[3170,6368,6371],{"className":3916,"code":6369,"filename":6370,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Детальна інформація про вузол\nkubectl describe node minikube\n\n# Детальна інформація про Pod\nkubectl describe pod \u003Cназва-podʼу>\n\n# Переглянути логи Podʼу\nkubectl logs \u003Cназва-podʼу>\n\n# Переглянути логи у реальному часі (аналог docker logs -f)\nkubectl logs -f \u003Cназва-podʼу>\n","Детальна інформація",[3130,6372,6373,6378,6390,6394,6399,6415,6419,6424,6437,6441,6446],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6374,6375],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6376,6377],{"class":3945},"# Детальна інформація про вузол\n",[3179,6379,6380,6382,6385,6388],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6381,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6383,6384],{"class":3930}," describe",[3179,6386,6387],{"class":3930}," node",[3179,6389,4335],{"class":3930},[3179,6391,6392],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6393,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6395,6396],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6397,6398],{"class":3945},"# Детальна інформація про Pod\n",[3179,6400,6401,6403,6405,6408,6410,6413],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6402,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6404,6384],{"class":3930},[3179,6406,6407],{"class":3930}," pod",[3179,6409,6036],{"class":4031},[3179,6411,6412],{"class":3930},"назва-podʼ",[3179,6414,6042],{"class":4031},[3179,6416,6417],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,6418,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6420,6421],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,6422,6423],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути логи Podʼу\n",[3179,6425,6426,6428,6431,6433,6435],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,6427,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6429,6430],{"class":3930}," logs",[3179,6432,6036],{"class":4031},[3179,6434,6412],{"class":3930},[3179,6436,6042],{"class":4031},[3179,6438,6439],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,6440,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6442,6443],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,6444,6445],{"class":3945},"# Переглянути логи у реальному часі (аналог docker logs -f)\n",[3179,6447,6448,6450,6452,6455,6457,6459],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,6449,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6451,6430],{"class":3930},[3179,6453,6454],{"class":3954}," -f",[3179,6456,6036],{"class":4031},[3179,6458,6412],{"class":3930},[3179,6460,6042],{"class":4031},[3170,6462,6465],{"className":3916,"code":6463,"filename":6464,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Виконати команду у контейнері\nkubectl exec \u003Cназва-podʼу> -- ls /app\n\n# Відкрити інтерактивну оболонку (аналог docker exec -it)\nkubectl exec -it \u003Cназва-podʼу> -- /bin/bash\n","Виконання команд",[3130,6466,6467,6472,6495,6499,6504],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6468,6469],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6470,6471],{"class":3945},"# Виконати команду у контейнері\n",[3179,6473,6474,6476,6479,6481,6483,6486,6489,6492],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6475,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6477,6478],{"class":3930}," exec",[3179,6480,6036],{"class":4031},[3179,6482,6412],{"class":3930},[3179,6484,6485],{"class":4031},"у> ",[3179,6487,6488],{"class":3954},"--",[3179,6490,6491],{"class":3930}," ls",[3179,6493,6494],{"class":3930}," /app\n",[3179,6496,6497],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6498,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6500,6501],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6502,6503],{"class":3945},"# Відкрити інтерактивну оболонку (аналог docker exec -it)\n",[3179,6505,6506,6508,6510,6513,6515,6517,6519,6521],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6507,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6509,6478],{"class":3930},[3179,6511,6512],{"class":3954}," -it",[3179,6514,6036],{"class":4031},[3179,6516,6412],{"class":3930},[3179,6518,6485],{"class":4031},[3179,6520,6488],{"class":3954},[3179,6522,6523],{"class":3930}," /bin/bash\n",[3170,6525,6528],{"className":3916,"code":6526,"filename":6527,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Вивести у форматі YAML\nkubectl get pods -o yaml\n\n# Вивести у форматі JSON\nkubectl get pods -o json\n\n# Вивести з додатковими колонками\nkubectl get pods -o wide\n","Різні формати виводу",[3130,6529,6530,6535,6548,6552,6557,6570,6574,6579],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6531,6532],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6533,6534],{"class":3945},"# Вивести у форматі YAML\n",[3179,6536,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6538,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6540,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6542,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,6544,4126],{"class":3954},[3179,6546,6547],{"class":3930}," yaml\n",[3179,6549,6550],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6551,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6553,6554],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6555,6556],{"class":3945},"# Вивести у форматі JSON\n",[3179,6558,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6560,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6562,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6564,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,6566,4126],{"class":3954},[3179,6568,6569],{"class":3930}," json\n",[3179,6571,6572],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,6573,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6575,6576],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,6577,6578],{"class":3945},"# Вивести з додатковими колонками\n",[3179,6580,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,6582,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6584,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6586,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,6588,4126],{"class":3954},[3179,6590,6591],{"class":3930}," wide\n",[3497,6593,6595],{"id":6594},"скорочення-назв-ресурсів","Скорочення назв ресурсів",[3114,6597,6598],{},"Kubernetes підтримує скорочення для типів ресурсів:",[3706,6600,6601,6611],{},[3709,6602,6603],{},[3712,6604,6605,6608],{},[3715,6606,6607],{},"Повна назва",[3715,6609,6610],{},"Скорочення",[3727,6612,6613,6625,6637,6649,6661,6673,6685,6697],{},[3712,6614,6615,6620],{},[3732,6616,6617],{},[3130,6618,6619],{},"pods",[3732,6621,6622],{},[3130,6623,6624],{},"po",[3712,6626,6627,6632],{},[3732,6628,6629],{},[3130,6630,6631],{},"services",[3732,6633,6634],{},[3130,6635,6636],{},"svc",[3712,6638,6639,6644],{},[3732,6640,6641],{},[3130,6642,6643],{},"deployments",[3732,6645,6646],{},[3130,6647,6648],{},"deploy",[3712,6650,6651,6656],{},[3732,6652,6653],{},[3130,6654,6655],{},"replicasets",[3732,6657,6658],{},[3130,6659,6660],{},"rs",[3712,6662,6663,6668],{},[3732,6664,6665],{},[3130,6666,6667],{},"namespaces",[3732,6669,6670],{},[3130,6671,6672],{},"ns",[3712,6674,6675,6680],{},[3732,6676,6677],{},[3130,6678,6679],{},"nodes",[3732,6681,6682],{},[3130,6683,6684],{},"no",[3712,6686,6687,6692],{},[3732,6688,6689],{},[3130,6690,6691],{},"persistentvolumes",[3732,6693,6694],{},[3130,6695,6696],{},"pv",[3712,6698,6699,6704],{},[3732,6700,6701],{},[3130,6702,6703],{},"persistentvolumeclaims",[3732,6705,6706],{},[3130,6707,6708],{},"pvc",[3114,6710,6711],{},"Приклад:",[3170,6713,6715],{"className":3916,"code":6714,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Ці команди еквівалентні:\nkubectl get pods\nkubectl get po\n",[3130,6716,6717,6722,6730],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6718,6719],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6720,6721],{"class":3945},"# Ці команди еквівалентні:\n",[3179,6723,6724,6726,6728],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6725,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6727,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6729,6282],{"class":3930},[3179,6731,6732,6734,6736],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6733,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6735,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6737,6738],{"class":3930}," po\n",[3151,6740],{},[3109,6742,6744],{"id":6743},"запуск-першого-podʼу","Запуск першого Podʼу",[3114,6746,6747],{},"Настав час запустити наш перший застосунок у Kubernetes. Почнемо з найпростішого — одного Podʼу з Nginx.",[3497,6749,6751],{"id":6750},"імперативний-спосіб-швидкий-тест","Імперативний спосіб (швидкий тест)",[3114,6753,6754,6755,6091],{},"Найшвидший спосіб запустити Pod — використати команду ",[3130,6756,6757],{},"kubectl run",[3170,6759,6761],{"className":3916,"code":6760,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:1.25\n",[3130,6762,6763],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6764,6765,6767,6770,6773],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6766,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6768,6769],{"class":3930}," run",[3179,6771,6772],{"class":3930}," nginx",[3179,6774,6775],{"class":3954}," --image=nginx:1.25\n",[3143,6777,6778,6780,6781,6784],{},[3138,6779,3884],{}," Ця команда схожа на ",[3130,6782,6783],{},"docker run nginx:1.25",", але замість запуску контейнера напряму, вона створює Pod у кластері. Kubernetes сам вирішує, на якому вузлі його розмістити.",[3114,6786,6787],{},"Перевіримо, що Pod створено:",[3170,6789,6791],{"className":3916,"code":6790,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get pods\n",[3130,6792,6793],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6794,6795,6797,6799],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6796,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,6798,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,6800,6282],{"class":3930},[4262,6802,6803,6811,6814,6821],{"title":3899},[4266,6804,6806,4274,6809],{"className":6805},[3181],[3179,6807,4273],{"className":6808},[4272],[3138,6810,3899],{},[4266,6812],{"className":6813},[3181],[4266,6815,6817],{"className":6816},[3181],[3179,6818,6820],{"className":6819},[5022],"NAME    READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE",[4266,6822,6824,6825,6830],{"className":6823},[3181],"nginx   0/1     ",[3179,6826,6829],{"className":6827},[6828,5071],"text-yellow-400","ContainerCreating","   0          3s",[3114,6832,5173,6833,6835],{},[3130,6834,6829],{}," означає, що Kubernetes завантажує образ та запускає контейнер. Зачекайте кілька секунд і виконайте команду знову:",[4262,6837,6839,6847,6850,6857],{"title":6838},"kubectl get pods (після завантаження)",[4266,6840,6842,4274,6845],{"className":6841},[3181],[3179,6843,4273],{"className":6844},[4272],[3138,6846,3899],{},[4266,6848],{"className":6849},[3181],[4266,6851,6853],{"className":6852},[3181],[3179,6854,6856],{"className":6855},[5022],"NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE",[4266,6858,6860,6861,6864],{"className":6859},[3181],"nginx   1/1     ",[3179,6862,5248],{"className":6863},[4691,5071],"   0          45s",[3114,6866,6867,6868,6870,6871,5166,6873,6875],{},"Статус змінився на ",[3130,6869,5248],{},", а колонка ",[3130,6872,5344],{},[3130,6874,5347],{}," — один контейнер з одного готовий.",[3497,6877,6879],{"id":6878},"що-відбулося-під-капотом","Що відбулося під капотом?",[3114,6881,6882,6883,6091],{},"Розглянемо покроково, що сталося після виконання ",[3130,6884,6757],{},[3114,6886,6887],{},[3160,6888],{"alt":6889,"className":6890,"src":6891},"kubernetes pod creation workflow kubectl apiserver scheduler kubelet",[3164],"/images/tools/kubernetes/local-environment/03.jpg",[3167,6893,6894],{},[3170,6895,6897],{"className":3172,"code":6896,"language":3174,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"@startuml\nskinparam style plain\nskinparam backgroundColor #ffffff\n\nparticipant \"kubectl\" as kubectl\nparticipant \"API Server\" as api\ndatabase \"etcd\" as etcd\nparticipant \"Scheduler\" as scheduler\nparticipant \"Kubelet\" as kubelet\nparticipant \"containerd\" as containerd\n\nkubectl -> api: POST /api/v1/pods\\n(Pod: nginx)\nactivate api\napi -> api: Authentication ✓\\nAuthorization ✓\napi -> etcd: Зберегти Pod\\n(status: Pending)\nactivate etcd\netcd --> api: Збережено\ndeactivate etcd\napi --> kubectl: Pod створено ✓\ndeactivate api\n\nscheduler -> api: Watch: Pod без nodeName?\nactivate api\napi --> scheduler: Pod \"nginx\"\\n(nodeName: null)\ndeactivate api\n\nactivate scheduler\nscheduler -> scheduler: Фільтрація вузлів\\nОцінювання\\nВибір: minikube\nscheduler -> api: PATCH Pod\\n(nodeName: minikube)\nactivate api\napi -> etcd: Оновити Pod\nactivate etcd\netcd --> api: Оновлено\ndeactivate etcd\ndeactivate api\ndeactivate scheduler\n\nkubelet -> api: Watch: Pod для minikube?\nactivate api\napi --> kubelet: Pod \"nginx\"\\n(nodeName: minikube)\ndeactivate api\n\nactivate kubelet\nkubelet -> containerd: PullImage(nginx:1.25)\nactivate containerd\ncontainerd --> kubelet: Image завантажено\nkubelet -> containerd: CreateContainer(nginx)\ncontainerd --> kubelet: Container створено\nkubelet -> containerd: StartContainer(nginx)\ncontainerd --> kubelet: Container запущено ✓\ndeactivate containerd\n\nkubelet -> api: PATCH Pod\\n(status: Running)\nactivate api\napi -> etcd: Оновити стан\nactivate etcd\netcd --> api: Оновлено\ndeactivate etcd\ndeactivate api\ndeactivate kubelet\n\nnote right of scheduler\n  Reconciliation Loop:\n  Система постійно порівнює\n  бажаний стан з поточним\n  і усуває розбіжності\nend note\n@enduml\n",[3130,6898,6899,6903,6907,6911,6915,6920,6925,6930,6935,6940,6945,6949,6954,6959,6964,6969,6974,6979,6984,6989,6994,6998,7003,7007,7012,7016,7020,7025,7030,7035,7039,7044,7048,7053,7057,7061,7066,7070,7075,7079,7084,7088,7092,7097,7102,7107,7112,7117,7122,7127,7132,7137,7141,7146,7150,7156,7161,7166,7171,7176,7182,7187,7193,7199,7205,7211,7217,7222],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,6900,6901],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,6902,3185],{},[3179,6904,6905],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,6906,3191],{},[3179,6908,6909],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,6910,3197],{},[3179,6912,6913],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,6914,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6916,6917],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,6918,6919],{},"participant \"kubectl\" as kubectl\n",[3179,6921,6922],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,6923,6924],{},"participant \"API Server\" as api\n",[3179,6926,6927],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,6928,6929],{},"database \"etcd\" as etcd\n",[3179,6931,6932],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,6933,6934],{},"participant \"Scheduler\" as scheduler\n",[3179,6936,6937],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,6938,6939],{},"participant \"Kubelet\" as kubelet\n",[3179,6941,6942],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,6943,6944],{},"participant \"containerd\" as containerd\n",[3179,6946,6947],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,6948,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6950,6951],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,6952,6953],{},"kubectl -> api: POST /api/v1/pods\\n(Pod: nginx)\n",[3179,6955,6956],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,6957,6958],{},"activate api\n",[3179,6960,6961],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,6962,6963],{},"api -> api: Authentication ✓\\nAuthorization ✓\n",[3179,6965,6966],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,6967,6968],{},"api -> etcd: Зберегти Pod\\n(status: Pending)\n",[3179,6970,6971],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,6972,6973],{},"activate etcd\n",[3179,6975,6976],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,6977,6978],{},"etcd --> api: Збережено\n",[3179,6980,6981],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,6982,6983],{},"deactivate etcd\n",[3179,6985,6986],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,6987,6988],{},"api --> kubectl: Pod створено ✓\n",[3179,6990,6991],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,6992,6993],{},"deactivate api\n",[3179,6995,6996],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,6997,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,6999,7000],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,7001,7002],{},"scheduler -> api: Watch: Pod без nodeName?\n",[3179,7004,7005],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,7006,6958],{},[3179,7008,7009],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,7010,7011],{},"api --> scheduler: Pod \"nginx\"\\n(nodeName: null)\n",[3179,7013,7014],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,7015,6993],{},[3179,7017,7018],{"class":3181,"line":3329},[3179,7019,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7021,7022],{"class":3181,"line":3335},[3179,7023,7024],{},"activate scheduler\n",[3179,7026,7027],{"class":3181,"line":3341},[3179,7028,7029],{},"scheduler -> scheduler: Фільтрація вузлів\\nОцінювання\\nВибір: minikube\n",[3179,7031,7032],{"class":3181,"line":3346},[3179,7033,7034],{},"scheduler -> api: PATCH Pod\\n(nodeName: minikube)\n",[3179,7036,7037],{"class":3181,"line":3352},[3179,7038,6958],{},[3179,7040,7041],{"class":3181,"line":3357},[3179,7042,7043],{},"api -> etcd: Оновити Pod\n",[3179,7045,7046],{"class":3181,"line":3363},[3179,7047,6973],{},[3179,7049,7050],{"class":3181,"line":3369},[3179,7051,7052],{},"etcd --> api: Оновлено\n",[3179,7054,7055],{"class":3181,"line":3375},[3179,7056,6983],{},[3179,7058,7059],{"class":3181,"line":3381},[3179,7060,6993],{},[3179,7062,7063],{"class":3181,"line":3387},[3179,7064,7065],{},"deactivate scheduler\n",[3179,7067,7068],{"class":3181,"line":3392},[3179,7069,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7071,7072],{"class":3181,"line":3398},[3179,7073,7074],{},"kubelet -> api: Watch: Pod для minikube?\n",[3179,7076,7077],{"class":3181,"line":3404},[3179,7078,6958],{},[3179,7080,7081],{"class":3181,"line":3410},[3179,7082,7083],{},"api --> kubelet: Pod \"nginx\"\\n(nodeName: minikube)\n",[3179,7085,7086],{"class":3181,"line":3416},[3179,7087,6993],{},[3179,7089,7090],{"class":3181,"line":3421},[3179,7091,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7093,7094],{"class":3181,"line":3426},[3179,7095,7096],{},"activate kubelet\n",[3179,7098,7099],{"class":3181,"line":3432},[3179,7100,7101],{},"kubelet -> containerd: PullImage(nginx:1.25)\n",[3179,7103,7104],{"class":3181,"line":3438},[3179,7105,7106],{},"activate containerd\n",[3179,7108,7109],{"class":3181,"line":3444},[3179,7110,7111],{},"containerd --> kubelet: Image завантажено\n",[3179,7113,7114],{"class":3181,"line":3450},[3179,7115,7116],{},"kubelet -> containerd: CreateContainer(nginx)\n",[3179,7118,7119],{"class":3181,"line":3455},[3179,7120,7121],{},"containerd --> kubelet: Container створено\n",[3179,7123,7124],{"class":3181,"line":3460},[3179,7125,7126],{},"kubelet -> containerd: StartContainer(nginx)\n",[3179,7128,7129],{"class":3181,"line":3466},[3179,7130,7131],{},"containerd --> kubelet: Container запущено ✓\n",[3179,7133,7134],{"class":3181,"line":3472},[3179,7135,7136],{},"deactivate containerd\n",[3179,7138,7139],{"class":3181,"line":3478},[3179,7140,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7142,7143],{"class":3181,"line":3484},[3179,7144,7145],{},"kubelet -> api: PATCH Pod\\n(status: Running)\n",[3179,7147,7148],{"class":3181,"line":3489},[3179,7149,6958],{},[3179,7151,7153],{"class":3181,"line":7152},55,[3179,7154,7155],{},"api -> etcd: Оновити стан\n",[3179,7157,7159],{"class":3181,"line":7158},56,[3179,7160,6973],{},[3179,7162,7164],{"class":3181,"line":7163},57,[3179,7165,7052],{},[3179,7167,7169],{"class":3181,"line":7168},58,[3179,7170,6983],{},[3179,7172,7174],{"class":3181,"line":7173},59,[3179,7175,6993],{},[3179,7177,7179],{"class":3181,"line":7178},60,[3179,7180,7181],{},"deactivate kubelet\n",[3179,7183,7185],{"class":3181,"line":7184},61,[3179,7186,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7188,7190],{"class":3181,"line":7189},62,[3179,7191,7192],{},"note right of scheduler\n",[3179,7194,7196],{"class":3181,"line":7195},63,[3179,7197,7198],{},"  Reconciliation Loop:\n",[3179,7200,7202],{"class":3181,"line":7201},64,[3179,7203,7204],{},"  Система постійно порівнює\n",[3179,7206,7208],{"class":3181,"line":7207},65,[3179,7209,7210],{},"  бажаний стан з поточним\n",[3179,7212,7214],{"class":3181,"line":7213},66,[3179,7215,7216],{},"  і усуває розбіжності\n",[3179,7218,7220],{"class":3181,"line":7219},67,[3179,7221,3384],{},[3179,7223,7225],{"class":3181,"line":7224},68,[3179,7226,3492],{},[7228,7229,7230],"mermaid",{},[3170,7231,7234],{"className":7232,"code":7233,"language":7228,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"language-mermaid shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","sequenceDiagram\n    participant U as kubectl\n    participant API as kube-apiserver\n    participant E as etcd\n    participant S as kube-scheduler\n    participant K as kubelet\n    participant C as containerd\n\n    U->>API: \"POST /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods\u003Cbr/>(Pod spec: nginx)\"\n    API->>API: \"Аутентифікація + Авторизація\"\n    API->>E: \"Зберегти Pod (status: Pending)\"\n    API-->>U: \"Pod створено ✓\"\n    \n    S->>API: \"Watch: нові Podʼи без nodeName?\"\n    API-->>S: \"Pod \\\"nginx\\\" (nodeName: null)\"\n    S->>S: \"Вибрати вузол (minikube)\"\n    S->>API: \"PATCH: nodeName = \\\"minikube\\\"\"\n    API->>E: \"Оновити Pod\"\n    \n    K->>API: \"Watch: Podʼи для мого вузла?\"\n    API-->>K: \"Pod \\\"nginx\\\" (nodeName: minikube)\"\n    K->>C: \"Запустити контейнер nginx:1.25\"\n    C-->>K: \"Контейнер запущено\"\n    K->>API: \"PATCH: status = Running\"\n    API->>E: \"Оновити стан\"\n",[3130,7235,7236,7241,7246,7251,7256,7261,7266,7271,7275,7280,7285,7290,7295,7299,7304,7309,7314,7319,7324,7328,7333,7338,7343,7348,7353],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7237,7238],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7239,7240],{},"sequenceDiagram\n",[3179,7242,7243],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,7244,7245],{},"    participant U as kubectl\n",[3179,7247,7248],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,7249,7250],{},"    participant API as kube-apiserver\n",[3179,7252,7253],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,7254,7255],{},"    participant E as etcd\n",[3179,7257,7258],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,7259,7260],{},"    participant S as kube-scheduler\n",[3179,7262,7263],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,7264,7265],{},"    participant K as kubelet\n",[3179,7267,7268],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,7269,7270],{},"    participant C as containerd\n",[3179,7272,7273],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,7274,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,7276,7277],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,7278,7279],{},"    U->>API: \"POST /api/v1/namespaces/default/pods\u003Cbr/>(Pod spec: nginx)\"\n",[3179,7281,7282],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,7283,7284],{},"    API->>API: \"Аутентифікація + Авторизація\"\n",[3179,7286,7287],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,7288,7289],{},"    API->>E: \"Зберегти Pod (status: Pending)\"\n",[3179,7291,7292],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,7293,7294],{},"    API-->>U: \"Pod створено ✓\"\n",[3179,7296,7297],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,7298,3246],{},[3179,7300,7301],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,7302,7303],{},"    S->>API: \"Watch: нові Podʼи без nodeName?\"\n",[3179,7305,7306],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,7307,7308],{},"    API-->>S: \"Pod \\\"nginx\\\" (nodeName: null)\"\n",[3179,7310,7311],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,7312,7313],{},"    S->>S: \"Вибрати вузол (minikube)\"\n",[3179,7315,7316],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,7317,7318],{},"    S->>API: \"PATCH: nodeName = \\\"minikube\\\"\"\n",[3179,7320,7321],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,7322,7323],{},"    API->>E: \"Оновити Pod\"\n",[3179,7325,7326],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,7327,3246],{},[3179,7329,7330],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,7331,7332],{},"    K->>API: \"Watch: Podʼи для мого вузла?\"\n",[3179,7334,7335],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,7336,7337],{},"    API-->>K: \"Pod \\\"nginx\\\" (nodeName: minikube)\"\n",[3179,7339,7340],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,7341,7342],{},"    K->>C: \"Запустити контейнер nginx:1.25\"\n",[3179,7344,7345],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,7346,7347],{},"    C-->>K: \"Контейнер запущено\"\n",[3179,7349,7350],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,7351,7352],{},"    K->>API: \"PATCH: status = Running\"\n",[3179,7354,7355],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,7356,7357],{},"    API->>E: \"Оновити стан\"\n",[3114,7359,7360],{},[3138,7361,7362],{},"Покрокове пояснення:",[4926,7364,7365,7373,7386,7394,7407,7418,7433],{},[3516,7366,7367,4948,7370,7372],{},[3138,7368,7369],{},"kubectl → API-сервер",[3130,7371,3148],{}," надсилає HTTP POST-запит до API-сервера з специфікацією Podʼу",[3516,7374,7375,7378,7379,7381,7382,7385],{},[3138,7376,7377],{},"API-сервер → etcd",": Після валідації API-сервер зберігає Pod у ",[3130,7380,4954],{}," зі статусом ",[3130,7383,7384],{},"Pending"," (очікує призначення вузла)",[3516,7387,7388,4948,7391,7393],{},[3138,7389,7390],{},"Scheduler спостерігає",[3130,7392,4957],{}," постійно відстежує (watch) нові Podʼи без призначеного вузла",[3516,7395,7396,7399,7400,7402,7403,7406],{},[3138,7397,7398],{},"Scheduler призначає вузол",": Scheduler аналізує доступні вузли та обирає ",[3130,7401,3505],{},", оновлює поле ",[3130,7404,7405],{},"nodeName"," через API-сервер",[3516,7408,7409,4948,7412,7414,7415,7417],{},[3138,7410,7411],{},"Kubelet спостерігає",[3130,7413,4968],{}," на вузлі ",[3130,7416,3505],{}," відстежує Podʼи, призначені його вузлу",[3516,7419,7420,4948,7423,7425,7426,7428,7429,7432],{},[3138,7421,7422],{},"Kubelet запускає контейнер",[3130,7424,4968],{}," інструктує ",[3130,7427,4974],{}," завантажити образ ",[3130,7430,7431],{},"nginx:1.25"," та запустити контейнер",[3516,7434,7435,7438,7439,7441,7442],{},[3138,7436,7437],{},"Kubelet звітує",": Після успішного запуску ",[3130,7440,4968],{}," оновлює статус Podʼу на ",[3130,7443,5248],{},[3114,7445,7446,7447,7450],{},"Це і є ",[3138,7448,7449],{},"reconciliation loop"," у дії: система безперервно порівнює бажаний стан (Pod має бути запущений) з поточним (Pod ще не існує) і усуває розбіжності.",[3497,7452,7454],{"id":7453},"детальна-інформація-про-pod","Детальна інформація про Pod",[3114,7456,7457],{},"Подивимось детальніше на створений Pod:",[3170,7459,7461],{"className":3916,"code":7460,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl describe pod nginx\n",[3130,7462,7463],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7464,7465,7467,7469,7471],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7466,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,7468,6384],{"class":3930},[3179,7470,6407],{"class":3930},[3179,7472,7473],{"class":3930}," nginx\n",[3114,7475,7476],{},"Вивід буде великим, але найважливіші секції:",[4262,7478,7480,7488,7496,7504,7512,7520,7523,7530,7534,7538,7542,7549,7553,7556,7563,7570,7574,7578,7582,7586],{"title":7479},"kubectl describe pod nginx (фрагмент)",[4266,7481,7483,7487],{"className":7482},[3181],[3179,7484,7486],{"className":7485},[4287,5071],"Name:","         nginx",[4266,7489,7491,7495],{"className":7490},[3181],[3179,7492,7494],{"className":7493},[4287,5071],"Namespace:","    default",[4266,7497,7499,7503],{"className":7498},[3181],[3179,7500,7502],{"className":7501},[4287,5071],"Node:","         minikube/192.168.49.2",[4266,7505,7507,7511],{"className":7506},[3181],[3179,7508,7510],{"className":7509},[4287,5071],"Status:","       Running",[4266,7513,7515,7519],{"className":7514},[3181],[3179,7516,7518],{"className":7517},[4287,5071],"IP:","           10.244.0.5",[4266,7521],{"className":7522},[3181],[4266,7524,7526],{"className":7525},[3181],[3179,7527,7529],{"className":7528},[4287,5071],"Containers:",[4266,7531,7533],{"className":7532},[3181],"  nginx:",[4266,7535,7537],{"className":7536},[3181],"    Image:          nginx:1.25",[4266,7539,7541],{"className":7540},[3181],"    Port:           \u003Cnone>",[4266,7543,7545,7546],{"className":7544},[3181],"    State:          ",[3179,7547,5248],{"className":7548},[4691,5071],[4266,7550,7552],{"className":7551},[3181],"      Started:      Thu, 07 May 2026 10:02:15 +0000",[4266,7554],{"className":7555},[3181],[4266,7557,7559],{"className":7558},[3181],[3179,7560,7562],{"className":7561},[4287,5071],"Events:",[4266,7564,5740,7566],{"className":7565},[3181],[3179,7567,7569],{"className":7568},[4653],"Type    Reason     Age   From               Message",[4266,7571,7573],{"className":7572},[3181],"  Normal  Scheduled  2m    default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx to minikube",[4266,7575,7577],{"className":7576},[3181],"  Normal  Pulling    2m    kubelet            Pulling image \"nginx:1.25\"",[4266,7579,7581],{"className":7580},[3181],"  Normal  Pulled     90s   kubelet            Successfully pulled image \"nginx:1.25\"",[4266,7583,7585],{"className":7584},[3181],"  Normal  Created    90s   kubelet            Created container nginx",[4266,7587,7589],{"className":7588},[3181],"  Normal  Started    90s   kubelet            Started container nginx",[3114,7591,7592,7593,7595],{},"Секція ",[3138,7594,1817],{}," показує хронологію подій — це найкорисніша частина для діагностики проблем.",[3497,7597,7599],{"id":7598},"доступ-до-застосунку","Доступ до застосунку",[3114,7601,7602,7603,7606],{},"Pod запущено, але як до нього звернутись? У Podʼа є внутрішня IP-адреса (",[3130,7604,7605],{},"10.244.0.5"," у прикладі вище), але вона доступна лише всередині кластера.",[3114,7608,7609,7610,7613],{},"Для тестування можна використати ",[3138,7611,7612],{},"port-forward"," — тунель між вашою локальною машиною та Podʼом.",[3114,7615,7616,7617,7620,7621,7624,7625,4933,7628,7631],{},"Зверніть увагу на синтаксис: ",[3130,7618,7619],{},"pod/nginx",". У Kubernetes команди часто будуються за принципом ",[3130,7622,7623],{},"тип/імʼя",". Це дозволяє чітко сказати: \"Я хочу перенаправити порти саме для ",[3138,7626,7627],{},"пода",[3138,7629,7630],{},"nginx","\".",[3170,7633,7635],{"className":3916,"code":7634,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl port-forward pod/nginx 8080:80\n",[3130,7636,7637],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7638,7639,7641,7644,7647],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7640,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,7642,7643],{"class":3930}," port-forward",[3179,7645,7646],{"class":3930}," pod/nginx",[3179,7648,7649],{"class":3930}," 8080:80\n",[4262,7651,7653,7662,7665,7669,7673],{"title":7652},"kubectl port-forward",[4266,7654,7656,4274,7659],{"className":7655},[3181],[3179,7657,4273],{"className":7658},[4272],[3138,7660,7661],{},"kubectl port-forward pod/nginx 8080:80",[4266,7663],{"className":7664},[3181],[4266,7666,7668],{"className":7667},[3181],"Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80",[4266,7670,7672],{"className":7671},[3181],"Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80",[4266,7674,7676],{"className":7675},[3181],[3179,7677,7679],{"className":7678},[4691],"Handling connection for 8080",[3114,7681,7682,7683,7686],{},"Тепер відкрийте браузер та перейдіть на ",[3130,7684,7685],{},"http://localhost:8080"," — ви побачите стандартну сторінку Nginx.",[3143,7688,7689,7691,7692,7695],{},[3130,7690,7612],{}," — це інструмент для розробки та діагностики, не для production. У наступних статтях ми розглянемо ",[3138,7693,7694],{},"Service"," — правильний спосіб надати доступ до застосунків у Kubernetes.",[3497,7697,7699],{"id":7698},"видалення-podʼу","Видалення Podʼу",[3114,7701,7702],{},"Видалимо створений Pod:",[3170,7704,7706],{"className":3916,"code":7705,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl delete pod nginx\n",[3130,7707,7708],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7709,7710,7712,7715,7717],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7711,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,7713,7714],{"class":3930}," delete",[3179,7716,6407],{"class":3930},[3179,7718,7473],{"class":3930},[4262,7720,7722,7731,7734],{"title":7721},"kubectl delete pod",[4266,7723,7725,4274,7728],{"className":7724},[3181],[3179,7726,4273],{"className":7727},[4272],[3138,7729,7730],{},"kubectl delete pod nginx",[4266,7732],{"className":7733},[3181],[4266,7735,7737],{"className":7736},[3181],"pod \"nginx\" deleted",[3114,7739,7740],{},"Перевіримо:",[3170,7742,7743],{"className":3916,"code":6790,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},[3130,7744,7745],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7746,7747,7749,7751],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7748,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,7750,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,7752,6282],{"class":3930},[4262,7754,7756,7764,7767],{"title":7755},"kubectl get pods (після видалення)",[4266,7757,7759,4274,7762],{"className":7758},[3181],[3179,7760,4273],{"className":7761},[4272],[3138,7763,3899],{},[4266,7765],{"className":7766},[3181],[4266,7768,7770],{"className":7769},[3181],[3179,7771,7773],{"className":7772},[4653],"No resources found in default namespace.",[3151,7775],{},[3109,7777,7779],{"id":7778},"декларативний-підхід-yaml-маніфести","Декларативний підхід: YAML-маніфести",[3114,7781,5943,7782,7784,7785,7788],{},[3130,7783,6757],{}," зручна для швидких тестів, але у реальних проєктах використовується ",[3138,7786,7787],{},"декларативний підхід"," — опис ресурсів у YAML-файлах.",[3497,7790,7792],{"id":7791},"чому-yaml-а-не-команди","Чому YAML, а не команди?",[6136,7794,7795,7800,7805,7809],{},[6139,7796,7799],{"icon":7797,"title":7798},"i-heroicons-code-bracket","Версіонування","YAML-файли зберігаються у Git разом з кодом. Ви бачите історію змін інфраструктури так само, як історію коду.",[6139,7801,7804],{"icon":7802,"title":7803},"i-heroicons-arrow-path","Відтворюваність","Один файл можна застосувати у dev, staging та production. Немає ризику забути прапорець у команді.",[6139,7806,7808],{"icon":6225,"title":7807},"Code Review","Зміни в інфраструктурі проходять через Pull Request, як і зміни у коді. Команда бачить, що саме змінюється.",[6139,7810,7813,7814,7816],{"icon":7811,"title":7812},"i-heroicons-cog","Автоматизація","CI/CD pipeline може автоматично застосовувати маніфести. Команди ",[3130,7815,6757],{}," не підходять для автоматизації.",[3497,7818,7820],{"id":7819},"створення-першого-маніфесту","Створення першого маніфесту",[3114,7822,7823,7824,7827],{},"YAML-маніфест — це ",[3138,7825,7826],{},"декларація бажаного стану",". Ви не даєте команду \"запусти\", ви кажете: \"Ось опис того, як має виглядати мій ідеальний світ, зроби так, щоб воно працювало\".",[3114,7829,7830,7831,6091],{},"Створимо файл ",[3130,7832,7833],{},"nginx-pod.yaml",[3170,7835,7839],{"className":7836,"code":7837,"language":7838,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"language-yaml shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","apiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: nginx\n  labels:\n    app: nginx\nspec:\n  containers:\n  - name: nginx\n    image: nginx:1.25\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n","yaml",[3130,7840,7841,7853,7862,7870,7880,7887,7896,7903,7910,7922,7932,7939],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,7842,7843,7847,7849],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,7844,7846],{"class":7845},"sKtos","apiVersion",[3179,7848,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7850,7852],{"class":7851},"su9tN","v1\n",[3179,7854,7855,7857,7859],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,7856,3569],{"class":7845},[3179,7858,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7860,7861],{"class":7851},"Pod\n",[3179,7863,7864,7867],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,7865,7866],{"class":7845},"metadata",[3179,7868,7869],{"class":4031},":\n",[3179,7871,7872,7875,7877],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,7873,7874],{"class":7845},"  name",[3179,7876,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7878,7879],{"class":7851},"nginx\n",[3179,7881,7882,7885],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,7883,7884],{"class":7845},"  labels",[3179,7886,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,7888,7889,7892,7894],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,7890,7891],{"class":7845},"    app",[3179,7893,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7895,7879],{"class":7851},[3179,7897,7898,7901],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,7899,7900],{"class":7845},"spec",[3179,7902,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,7904,7905,7908],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,7906,7907],{"class":7845},"  containers",[3179,7909,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,7911,7912,7915,7918,7920],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,7913,7914],{"class":4031},"  - ",[3179,7916,7917],{"class":7845},"name",[3179,7919,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7921,7879],{"class":7851},[3179,7923,7924,7927,7929],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,7925,7926],{"class":7845},"    image",[3179,7928,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7930,7931],{"class":7851},"nginx:1.25\n",[3179,7933,7934,7937],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,7935,7936],{"class":7845},"    ports",[3179,7938,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,7940,7941,7944,7947,7949],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,7942,7943],{"class":4031},"    - ",[3179,7945,7946],{"class":7845},"containerPort",[3179,7948,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,7950,7952],{"class":7951},"sJj4R","80\n",[3114,7954,7955,7956,7959],{},"Уявіть цей файл як ",[3138,7957,7958],{},"анкету для реєстрації нового мешканця"," в готелі (кластері). Розберемо її поля:",[5630,7961,7963,7966,7967,3906],{"name":7846,"type":7962},"string",[3138,7964,7965],{},"Версія правил."," Це як версія закону або словника. Для різних об'єктів вона різна. Для Podʼів — це завжди ",[3130,7968,7969],{},"v1",[5630,7971,7972,7975,7976,3906],{"name":3569,"type":7962},[3138,7973,7974],{},"Тип об'єкта."," Що ми будуємо? Будинок? Машину? У нашому випадку — ",[3130,7977,7978],{},"Pod",[5630,7980,7982,7985,7986,7988,7989,7992,7993,3906],{"name":7866,"type":7981},"object",[3138,7983,7984],{},"Паспорт об'єкта."," Тут ми вказуємо ім'я (",[3130,7987,7917],{},"), за яким Kubernetes буде відрізняти цей Pod від інших. Також тут живуть ",[3138,7990,7991],{},"мітки (labels)"," — це як кольорові наклейки на коробці, щоб потім легко було знайти всі коробки з \"написом\" ",[3130,7994,7995],{},"app: nginx",[5630,7997,7998,8001,8002,8005,8006,8009],{"name":7900,"type":7981},[3138,7999,8000],{},"Технічне завдання (Специфікація)."," Найважливіша частина. Тут ми описуємо, що має бути всередині. Для Podʼу — це перелік контейнерів (",[3130,8003,8004],{},"containers","), їхні образи (",[3130,8007,8008],{},"image",") та порти. Це і є \"бажаний стан\", який Kubernetes буде підтримувати.",[3497,8011,8013],{"id":8012},"застосування-маніфесту","Застосування маніфесту",[3114,8015,8016],{},"Застосуємо створений файл:",[3170,8018,8020],{"className":3916,"code":8019,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml\n",[3130,8021,8022],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8023,8024,8026,8029,8031],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8025,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8027,8028],{"class":3930}," apply",[3179,8030,6454],{"class":3954},[3179,8032,8033],{"class":3930}," nginx-pod.yaml\n",[4262,8035,8037,8046,8049],{"title":8036},"kubectl apply",[4266,8038,8040,4274,8043],{"className":8039},[3181],[3179,8041,4273],{"className":8042},[4272],[3138,8044,8045],{},"kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml",[4266,8047],{"className":8048},[3181],[4266,8050,8052,8053],{"className":8051},[3181],"pod/nginx ",[3179,8054,8056],{"className":8055},[4691,5071],"created",[3114,8058,5943,8059,8061,8062,8065,8066,8069],{},[3130,8060,8036],{}," є ",[3138,8063,8064],{},"ідемпотентною",". Уявіть це як кнопку ",[3138,8067,8068],{},"\"Зберегти\""," у текстовому редакторі: якщо файлу ще немає — він створиться, якщо він уже є — він просто оновиться новими даними. Ви можете запускати цю команду скільки завгодно разів — Kubernetes просто переконається, що реальний стан кластера відповідає вашому файлу.",[3114,8071,7740],{},[3170,8073,8074],{"className":3916,"code":6790,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},[3130,8075,8076],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8077,8078,8080,8082],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8079,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8081,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8083,6282],{"class":3930},[4262,8085,8086,8094,8097,8103],{"title":3899},[4266,8087,8089,4274,8092],{"className":8088},[3181],[3179,8090,4273],{"className":8091},[4272],[3138,8093,3899],{},[4266,8095],{"className":8096},[3181],[4266,8098,8100],{"className":8099},[3181],[3179,8101,6856],{"className":8102},[5022],[4266,8104,6860,8106,8109],{"className":8105},[3181],[3179,8107,5248],{"className":8108},[4691,5071],"   0          10s",[3497,8111,8113],{"id":8112},"отримання-yaml-існуючого-ресурсу","Отримання YAML існуючого ресурсу",[3114,8115,8116],{},"Якщо ви хочете побачити повну специфікацію Podʼу (включно з полями, які Kubernetes додав автоматично):",[3170,8118,8120],{"className":3916,"code":8119,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get pod nginx -o yaml\n",[3130,8121,8122],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8123,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8125,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8127,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8129,6407],{"class":3930},[3179,8131,6772],{"class":3930},[3179,8133,4126],{"class":3954},[3179,8135,6547],{"class":3930},[3114,8137,8138],{},"Вивід буде містити набагато більше полів, ніж ми задали у маніфесті:",[3170,8140,8142],{"className":7836,"code":8141,"language":7838,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"apiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: nginx\n  namespace: default\n  uid: a3f8c9d1-2e45-4b6c-8d7e-9f0a1b2c3d4e\n  creationTimestamp: \"2026-05-07T10:02:15Z\"\n  labels:\n    app: nginx\nspec:\n  containers:\n  - name: nginx\n    image: nginx:1.25\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n      protocol: TCP\n    resources: {}\n    volumeMounts:\n    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount\n      name: kube-api-access-xxxxx\n      readOnly: true\n  nodeName: minikube\n  # ... багато інших полів\nstatus:\n  phase: Running\n  podIP: 10.244.0.5\n  startTime: \"2026-05-07T10:02:15Z\"\n  # ... детальний статус контейнерів\n",[3130,8143,8144,8152,8160,8166,8174,8184,8194,8204,8210,8218,8224,8230,8240,8248,8254,8264,8274,8282,8289,8301,8311,8321,8331,8336,8343,8353,8363,8372],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8145,8146,8148,8150],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8147,7846],{"class":7845},[3179,8149,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8151,7852],{"class":7851},[3179,8153,8154,8156,8158],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8155,3569],{"class":7845},[3179,8157,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8159,7861],{"class":7851},[3179,8161,8162,8164],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,8163,7866],{"class":7845},[3179,8165,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8167,8168,8170,8172],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,8169,7874],{"class":7845},[3179,8171,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8173,7879],{"class":7851},[3179,8175,8176,8179,8181],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,8177,8178],{"class":7845},"  namespace",[3179,8180,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8182,8183],{"class":7851},"default\n",[3179,8185,8186,8189,8191],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,8187,8188],{"class":7845},"  uid",[3179,8190,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8192,8193],{"class":7851},"a3f8c9d1-2e45-4b6c-8d7e-9f0a1b2c3d4e\n",[3179,8195,8196,8199,8201],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,8197,8198],{"class":7845},"  creationTimestamp",[3179,8200,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8202,8203],{"class":3930},"\"2026-05-07T10:02:15Z\"\n",[3179,8205,8206,8208],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,8207,7884],{"class":7845},[3179,8209,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8211,8212,8214,8216],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,8213,7891],{"class":7845},[3179,8215,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8217,7879],{"class":7851},[3179,8219,8220,8222],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,8221,7900],{"class":7845},[3179,8223,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8225,8226,8228],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,8227,7907],{"class":7845},[3179,8229,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8231,8232,8234,8236,8238],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,8233,7914],{"class":4031},[3179,8235,7917],{"class":7845},[3179,8237,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8239,7879],{"class":7851},[3179,8241,8242,8244,8246],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,8243,7926],{"class":7845},[3179,8245,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8247,7931],{"class":7851},[3179,8249,8250,8252],{"class":3181,"line":3261},[3179,8251,7936],{"class":7845},[3179,8253,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8255,8256,8258,8260,8262],{"class":3181,"line":3267},[3179,8257,7943],{"class":4031},[3179,8259,7946],{"class":7845},[3179,8261,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8263,7952],{"class":7951},[3179,8265,8266,8269,8271],{"class":3181,"line":3273},[3179,8267,8268],{"class":7845},"      protocol",[3179,8270,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8272,8273],{"class":7851},"TCP\n",[3179,8275,8276,8279],{"class":3181,"line":3278},[3179,8277,8278],{"class":7845},"    resources",[3179,8280,8281],{"class":4031},": {}\n",[3179,8283,8284,8287],{"class":3181,"line":3283},[3179,8285,8286],{"class":7845},"    volumeMounts",[3179,8288,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8290,8291,8293,8296,8298],{"class":3181,"line":3289},[3179,8292,7943],{"class":4031},[3179,8294,8295],{"class":7845},"mountPath",[3179,8297,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8299,8300],{"class":7851},"/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount\n",[3179,8302,8303,8306,8308],{"class":3181,"line":3295},[3179,8304,8305],{"class":7845},"      name",[3179,8307,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8309,8310],{"class":7851},"kube-api-access-xxxxx\n",[3179,8312,8313,8316,8318],{"class":3181,"line":3301},[3179,8314,8315],{"class":7845},"      readOnly",[3179,8317,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8319,8320],{"class":3954},"true\n",[3179,8322,8323,8326,8328],{"class":3181,"line":3307},[3179,8324,8325],{"class":7845},"  nodeName",[3179,8327,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8329,8330],{"class":7851},"minikube\n",[3179,8332,8333],{"class":3181,"line":3312},[3179,8334,8335],{"class":3945},"  # ... багато інших полів\n",[3179,8337,8338,8341],{"class":3181,"line":3317},[3179,8339,8340],{"class":7845},"status",[3179,8342,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8344,8345,8348,8350],{"class":3181,"line":3323},[3179,8346,8347],{"class":7845},"  phase",[3179,8349,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8351,8352],{"class":7851},"Running\n",[3179,8354,8355,8358,8360],{"class":3181,"line":3329},[3179,8356,8357],{"class":7845},"  podIP",[3179,8359,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8361,8362],{"class":7951},"10.244.0.5\n",[3179,8364,8365,8368,8370],{"class":3181,"line":3335},[3179,8366,8367],{"class":7845},"  startTime",[3179,8369,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8371,8203],{"class":3930},[3179,8373,8374],{"class":3181,"line":3341},[3179,8375,8376],{"class":3945},"  # ... детальний статус контейнерів\n",[3114,8378,8379,8380,8382],{},"Зверніть увагу на секцію ",[3130,8381,8340],{}," — вона не задається оператором, а заповнюється Kubernetes автоматично і відображає поточний стан ресурсу.",[3151,8384],{},[3109,8386,8388],{"id":8387},"управління-кластером-minikube","Управління кластером minikube",[3114,8390,8391],{},"Розглянемо корисні команди для управління локальним кластером.",[3497,8393,8395],{"id":8394},"зупинка-та-запуск-кластера","Зупинка та запуск кластера",[3170,8397,8399],{"className":3916,"code":8398,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Зупинити кластер (зберігає стан)\nminikube stop\n\n# Запустити знову\nminikube start\n",[3130,8400,8401,8406,8413,8417,8422],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8402,8403],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8404,8405],{"class":3945},"# Зупинити кластер (зберігає стан)\n",[3179,8407,8408,8410],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8409,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8411,8412],{"class":3930}," stop\n",[3179,8414,8415],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,8416,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,8418,8419],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,8420,8421],{"class":3945},"# Запустити знову\n",[3179,8423,8424,8426],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,8425,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8427,8428],{"class":3930}," start\n",[3114,8430,8431,8432,8434,8435,8437],{},"Після ",[3130,8433,3534],{}," всі Podʼи зупиняються, але їхні дані зберігаються. При наступному ",[3130,8436,3530],{}," кластер відновлюється у тому ж стані.",[3497,8439,8441],{"id":8440},"видалення-кластера","Видалення кластера",[3170,8443,8445],{"className":3916,"code":8444,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Повністю видалити кластер\nminikube delete\n",[3130,8446,8447,8452],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8448,8449],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8450,8451],{"class":3945},"# Повністю видалити кластер\n",[3179,8453,8454,8456],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8455,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8457,8458],{"class":3930}," delete\n",[8460,8461,8462],"caution",{},"Ця команда видаляє всі дані кластера безповоротно. Використовуйте її, коли хочете почати з чистого аркуша або звільнити ресурси.",[3497,8464,8466],{"id":8465},"доступ-до-dashboard","Доступ до Dashboard",[3114,8468,8469],{},"Kubernetes має вбудований веб-інтерфейс для перегляду ресурсів кластера:",[3170,8471,8473],{"className":3916,"code":8472,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"minikube dashboard\n",[3130,8474,8475],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8476,8477,8479],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8478,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8480,8481],{"class":3930}," dashboard\n",[3114,8483,8484],{},"Ця команда автоматично відкриє браузер з Dashboard. Там ви можете переглядати Podʼи, логи, події — все через графічний інтерфейс.",[3497,8486,8488],{"id":8487},"ssh-до-вузла","SSH до вузла",[3114,8490,8491],{},"Іноді потрібно зайти всередину вузла кластера (наприклад, для діагностики мережі):",[3170,8493,8495],{"className":3916,"code":8494,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"minikube ssh\n",[3130,8496,8497],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8498,8499,8501],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8500,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8502,8503],{"class":3930}," ssh\n",[3114,8505,8506],{},"Ви опинитесь у оболонці всередині Docker-контейнера, який є вузлом кластера.",[3497,8508,8510],{"id":8509},"перегляд-логів-кластера","Перегляд логів кластера",[3114,8512,8513],{},"Якщо щось йде не так з самим кластером (не з вашими Podʼами, а з компонентами Kubernetes):",[3170,8515,8517],{"className":3916,"code":8516,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"minikube logs\n",[3130,8518,8519],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8520,8521,8523],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8522,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8524,8525],{"class":3930}," logs\n",[3151,8527],{},[3109,8529,8531],{"id":8530},"namespace-логічна-ізоляція-ресурсів","Namespace — логічна ізоляція ресурсів",[3114,8533,8534,8535,8537],{},"Ми вже кілька разів згадували ",[3138,8536,5212],{},". Настав час розглянути цю концепцію детальніше.",[3114,8539,8540,8543],{},[3138,8541,8542],{},"Namespace"," (простір імен) — це механізм логічної ізоляції ресурсів у кластері. Один кластер може містити кілька namespace, і ресурси в одному namespace не бачать ресурси в іншому (якщо це не налаштовано явно).",[3497,8545,8547],{"id":8546},"системні-namespace","Системні namespace",[3114,8549,8550],{},"Kubernetes створює кілька namespace автоматично:",[5627,8552,8553,8556,8559,8562],{},[5630,8554,8555],{"name":5458,"type":5212},"Namespace за замовчуванням. Якщо ви не вказуєте namespace явно — ресурси створюються тут.",[5630,8557,8558],{"name":5216,"type":5212},"Системні компоненти Kubernetes (API-сервер, scheduler, CoreDNS тощо). Не чіпайте ресурси тут без необхідності.",[5630,8560,8561],{"name":5469,"type":5212},"Публічний namespace, доступний для читання всім користувачам (навіть неавтентифікованим). Рідко використовується.",[5630,8563,8565],{"name":8564,"type":5212},"kube-node-lease","Технічний namespace для heartbeat-повідомлень від вузлів. Не для ручного використання.",[3114,8567,8568],{},"Переглянути всі namespace:",[3170,8570,8572],{"className":3916,"code":8571,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get namespaces\n",[3130,8573,8574],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8575,8576,8578,8580],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8577,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8579,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8581,8582],{"class":3930}," namespaces\n",[4262,8584,8586,8594,8597,8604,8608,8612,8616],{"title":8585},"kubectl get namespaces",[4266,8587,8589,4274,8592],{"className":8588},[3181],[3179,8590,4273],{"className":8591},[4272],[3138,8593,8585],{},[4266,8595],{"className":8596},[3181],[4266,8598,8600],{"className":8599},[3181],[3179,8601,8603],{"className":8602},[5022],"NAME              STATUS   AGE",[4266,8605,8607],{"className":8606},[3181],"default           Active   15m",[4266,8609,8611],{"className":8610},[3181],"kube-node-lease   Active   15m",[4266,8613,8615],{"className":8614},[3181],"kube-public       Active   15m",[4266,8617,8619],{"className":8618},[3181],"kube-system       Active   15m",[3497,8621,8623],{"id":8622},"створення-власного-namespace","Створення власного namespace",[3114,8625,8626],{},"Створимо namespace для нашого проєкту:",[3170,8628,8630],{"className":3916,"code":8629,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl create namespace myapp\n",[3130,8631,8632],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8633,8634,8636,8639,8642],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8635,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8637,8638],{"class":3930}," create",[3179,8640,8641],{"class":3930}," namespace",[3179,8643,8644],{"class":3930}," myapp\n",[3114,8646,8647],{},"Або через YAML-маніфест:",[3170,8649,8651],{"className":7836,"code":8650,"language":7838,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"apiVersion: v1\nkind: Namespace\nmetadata:\n  name: myapp\n",[3130,8652,8653,8661,8670,8676],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8654,8655,8657,8659],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8656,7846],{"class":7845},[3179,8658,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8660,7852],{"class":7851},[3179,8662,8663,8665,8667],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8664,3569],{"class":7845},[3179,8666,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8668,8669],{"class":7851},"Namespace\n",[3179,8671,8672,8674],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,8673,7866],{"class":7845},[3179,8675,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,8677,8678,8680,8682],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,8679,7874],{"class":7845},[3179,8681,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,8683,8684],{"class":7851},"myapp\n",[3170,8686,8688],{"className":3916,"code":8687,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml\n",[3130,8689,8690],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8691,8692,8694,8696,8698],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8693,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8695,8028],{"class":3930},[3179,8697,6454],{"class":3954},[3179,8699,8700],{"class":3930}," namespace.yaml\n",[3497,8702,8704],{"id":8703},"робота-з-ресурсами-у-namespace","Робота з ресурсами у namespace",[3114,8706,8707],{},"Створимо Pod у новому namespace:",[3170,8709,8711],{"className":3916,"code":8710,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml -n myapp\n",[3130,8712,8713],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8714,8715,8717,8719,8721,8724,8726],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8716,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8718,8028],{"class":3930},[3179,8720,6454],{"class":3954},[3179,8722,8723],{"class":3930}," nginx-pod.yaml",[3179,8725,5200],{"class":3954},[3179,8727,8644],{"class":3930},[3114,8729,8730],{},"Переглянути Podʼи у конкретному namespace:",[3170,8732,8734],{"className":3916,"code":8733,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get pods -n myapp\n",[3130,8735,8736],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8737,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8739,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8741,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8743,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,8745,5200],{"class":3954},[3179,8747,8644],{"class":3930},[3114,8749,8750],{},"Переглянути Podʼи у всіх namespace:",[3170,8752,8754],{"className":3916,"code":8753,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl get pods --all-namespaces\n# або скорочено:\nkubectl get pods -A\n",[3130,8755,8756,8766,8770],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8757,8758,8760,8762,8764],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8759,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8761,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8763,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,8765,6302],{"class":3954},[3179,8767,8768],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8769,6307],{"class":3945},[3179,8771,8772,8774,8776,8778],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,8773,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8775,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8777,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,8779,6318],{"class":3954},[3497,8781,8783],{"id":8782},"зміна-namespace-за-замовчуванням","Зміна namespace за замовчуванням",[3114,8785,8786,8787,8790],{},"Щоб не вказувати ",[3130,8788,8789],{},"-n myapp"," у кожній команді, можна змінити namespace за замовчуванням для поточного контексту:",[3170,8792,8794],{"className":3916,"code":8793,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=myapp\n",[3130,8795,8796],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8797,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8799,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8801,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,8803,6105],{"class":3930},[3179,8805,6108],{"class":3954},[3179,8807,8808],{"class":3954}," --namespace=myapp\n",[3114,8810,8811,8812,8814,8815,8818],{},"Тепер всі команди ",[3130,8813,3148],{}," працюватимуть з namespace ",[3130,8816,8817],{},"myapp"," за замовчуванням.",[3151,8820],{},[3109,8822,8824],{"id":8823},"резюме","Резюме",[3114,8826,8827],{},"У цій статті ми перейшли від теорії до практики:",[3513,8829,8830,8836,8842,8848,8854,8860,8869],{},[3516,8831,8832,8835],{},[3138,8833,8834],{},"Встановили kubectl"," — інструмент для взаємодії з Kubernetes-кластерами",[3516,8837,8838,8841],{},[3138,8839,8840],{},"Встановили minikube"," — локальний дистрибутив Kubernetes для розробки",[3516,8843,8844,8847],{},[3138,8845,8846],{},"Запустили перший кластер"," і побачили, як компоненти з попередньої статті працюють разом",[3516,8849,8850,8853],{},[3138,8851,8852],{},"Розібрали kubeconfig"," — механізм підключення до кластерів",[3516,8855,8856,8859],{},[3138,8857,8858],{},"Виконали базові команди kubectl"," для перегляду ресурсів",[3516,8861,8862,8865,8866,8868],{},[3138,8863,8864],{},"Запустили перший Pod"," двома способами: імперативно (",[3130,8867,6757],{},") та декларативно (YAML-маніфест)",[3516,8870,8871,8874],{},[3138,8872,8873],{},"Познайомились з namespace"," — логічною ізоляцією ресурсів",[3114,8876,8877,8878,8881],{},"Ключовий висновок: Kubernetes працює за принципом ",[3138,8879,8880],{},"декларативної конфігурації",". Ви описуєте бажаний стан у YAML-файлах, а система сама приводить реальний стан до бажаного через reconciliation loop.",[3114,8883,8884,8885,8887],{},"У наступній статті ми детально розглянемо ",[3138,8886,7978],{}," — найменшу розгортану одиницю Kubernetes: його життєвий цикл, патерни використання (sidecar, init-контейнери) та обмеження, які призводять до необхідності вищих абстракцій.",[3151,8889],{},[3109,8891,8893],{"id":8892},"практичні-завдання","Практичні завдання",[3497,8895,8897],{"id":8896},"завдання-1-встановлення-та-запуск-локального-кластера","Завдання 1: Встановлення та запуск локального кластера",[3114,8899,8900,8901,8903,8904,8906],{},"Встановіть необхідні інструменти (",[3130,8902,3505],{}," та ",[3130,8905,3148],{},") на вашій локальній машині, запустіть однонодовий кластер та перевірте його статус.",[3114,8908,8909],{},[3138,8910,8911],{},"Вимоги:",[3513,8913,8914,8922,8925],{},[3516,8915,8916,8917,8903,8919,8921],{},"Встановіть ",[3130,8918,3148],{},[3130,8920,3505],{}," відповідно до інструкцій для вашої операційної системи.",[3516,8923,8924],{},"Запустіть локальний кластер.",[3516,8926,8927],{},"Виконайте команду перевірки підключення та стану вузлів (nodes).",[3114,8929,8930],{},[3138,8931,8932],{},"Команди:",[3170,8934,8936],{"className":3916,"code":8935,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Запуск кластера\nminikube start\n\n# Перевірка підключення та стану вузлів\nkubectl get nodes\n",[3130,8937,8938,8943,8949,8953,8958],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,8939,8940],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,8941,8942],{"class":3945},"# Запуск кластера\n",[3179,8944,8945,8947],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,8946,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,8948,8428],{"class":3930},[3179,8950,8951],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,8952,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,8954,8955],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,8956,8957],{"class":3945},"# Перевірка підключення та стану вузлів\n",[3179,8959,8960,8962,8964],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,8961,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,8963,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,8965,5126],{"class":3930},[3114,8967,8968],{},[3138,8969,8970],{},"Завдання:",[3513,8972,8973,8978],{},[3516,8974,8975,8976,3906],{},"Переконайтеся, що статус вузла — ",[3130,8977,5155],{},[3516,8979,8980,8981,3906],{},"Зробіть скріншот виводу терміналу з успішним виконанням команди ",[3130,8982,5129],{},[3151,8984],{},[3497,8986,8988],{"id":8987},"завдання-2-імперативний-запуск-та-прокидання-портів","Завдання 2: Імперативний запуск та прокидання портів",[3114,8990,8991],{},"Створіть свій перший Pod в імперативному стилі, перевірте його стан та налаштуйте локальний доступ до вебсервера всередині контейнера.",[3114,8993,8994],{},[3138,8995,8911],{},[3513,8997,8998,9011,9016],{},[3516,8999,9000,9001,9004,9005,9008,9009,3906],{},"Запустіть Pod з назвою ",[3130,9002,9003],{},"apache-web"," та образом ",[3130,9006,9007],{},"httpd:2.4"," (Apache HTTP Server) за допомогою команди ",[3130,9010,6757],{},[3516,9012,9013,9014,3906],{},"Переконайтеся, що Pod перейшов у стан ",[3130,9015,5248],{},[3516,9017,9018,9019,3906],{},"Створіть тунель для доступу до вебсервера з локальної машини за допомогою ",[3130,9020,7652],{},[3114,9022,9023],{},[3138,9024,8932],{},[3170,9026,9028],{"className":3916,"code":9027,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Імперативний запуск Pod'у\nkubectl run apache-web --image=httpd:2.4\n\n# Перевірка стану Pod'у\nkubectl get pods\n\n# Прокидання портів (локальний 8080 -> 80 всередині Pod'у)\nkubectl port-forward pod/apache-web 8080:80\n",[3130,9029,9030,9035,9047,9051,9056,9064,9068,9073],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9031,9032],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9033,9034],{"class":3945},"# Імперативний запуск Pod'у\n",[3179,9036,9037,9039,9041,9044],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9038,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9040,6769],{"class":3930},[3179,9042,9043],{"class":3930}," apache-web",[3179,9045,9046],{"class":3954}," --image=httpd:2.4\n",[3179,9048,9049],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9050,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9052,9053],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9054,9055],{"class":3945},"# Перевірка стану Pod'у\n",[3179,9057,9058,9060,9062],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9059,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9061,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,9063,6282],{"class":3930},[3179,9065,9066],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,9067,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9069,9070],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,9071,9072],{"class":3945},"# Прокидання портів (локальний 8080 -> 80 всередині Pod'у)\n",[3179,9074,9075,9077,9079,9082],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,9076,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9078,7643],{"class":3930},[3179,9080,9081],{"class":3930}," pod/apache-web",[3179,9083,7649],{"class":3930},[3114,9085,9086],{},[3138,9087,8970],{},[3513,9089,9090,9096],{},[3516,9091,9092,9093,9095],{},"Відкрийте веббраузер за адресою ",[3130,9094,7685],{}," та переконайтеся, що відображається стандартна сторінка Apache (\"It works!\").",[3516,9097,9098,9099,3906],{},"Перегляньте логи Pod'у під час надсилання запитів за допомогою команди ",[3130,9100,9101],{},"kubectl logs apache-web",[3151,9103],{},[3497,9105,9107],{"id":9106},"завдання-3-декларативне-створення-podу-через-yaml","Завдання 3: Декларативне створення Pod'у через YAML",[3114,9109,9110],{},"Створіть декларативний опис (маніфест) для Pod'у з базою даних Redis, налаштуйте метадані (мітки) та застосуйте його до кластера.",[3114,9112,9113],{},[3138,9114,8911],{},[3513,9116,9117,9124,9138],{},[3516,9118,9119,9120,9123],{},"Створіть файл ",[3130,9121,9122],{},"redis-pod.yaml"," з описом конфігурації Pod'у.",[3516,9125,9126,9127,9130,9131,9134,9135,3906],{},"Визначіть назву Pod'у ",[3130,9128,9129],{},"redis-cache",", образ ",[3130,9132,9133],{},"redis:7"," та мітку ",[3130,9136,9137],{},"app: cache",[3516,9139,9140],{},"Застосуйте конфігурацію до кластера.",[3114,9142,9143,6091],{},[3130,9144,9122],{},[3170,9146,9148],{"className":7836,"code":9147,"language":7838,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"apiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: redis-cache\n  labels:\n    app: cache\nspec:\n  containers:\n  - name: redis\n    image: redis:7\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 6379\n",[3130,9149,9150,9158,9166,9172,9181,9187,9196,9202,9208,9219,9228,9234],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9151,9152,9154,9156],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9153,7846],{"class":7845},[3179,9155,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9157,7852],{"class":7851},[3179,9159,9160,9162,9164],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9161,3569],{"class":7845},[3179,9163,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9165,7861],{"class":7851},[3179,9167,9168,9170],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9169,7866],{"class":7845},[3179,9171,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,9173,9174,9176,9178],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9175,7874],{"class":7845},[3179,9177,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9179,9180],{"class":7851},"redis-cache\n",[3179,9182,9183,9185],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9184,7884],{"class":7845},[3179,9186,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,9188,9189,9191,9193],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,9190,7891],{"class":7845},[3179,9192,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9194,9195],{"class":7851},"cache\n",[3179,9197,9198,9200],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,9199,7900],{"class":7845},[3179,9201,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,9203,9204,9206],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,9205,7907],{"class":7845},[3179,9207,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,9209,9210,9212,9214,9216],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,9211,7914],{"class":4031},[3179,9213,7917],{"class":7845},[3179,9215,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9217,9218],{"class":7851},"redis\n",[3179,9220,9221,9223,9225],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,9222,7926],{"class":7845},[3179,9224,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9226,9227],{"class":7851},"redis:7\n",[3179,9229,9230,9232],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,9231,7936],{"class":7845},[3179,9233,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,9235,9236,9238,9240,9242],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,9237,7943],{"class":4031},[3179,9239,7946],{"class":7845},[3179,9241,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,9243,9244],{"class":7951},"6379\n",[3114,9246,9247],{},[3138,9248,8932],{},[3170,9250,9252],{"className":3916,"code":9251,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Застосування маніфесту\nkubectl apply -f redis-pod.yaml\n\n# Перевірка Pod'ів разом з їхніми мітками\nkubectl get pods --show-labels\n",[3130,9253,9254,9259,9270,9274,9279],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9255,9256],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9257,9258],{"class":3945},"# Застосування маніфесту\n",[3179,9260,9261,9263,9265,9267],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9262,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9264,8028],{"class":3930},[3179,9266,6454],{"class":3954},[3179,9268,9269],{"class":3930}," redis-pod.yaml\n",[3179,9271,9272],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9273,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9275,9276],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9277,9278],{"class":3945},"# Перевірка Pod'ів разом з їхніми мітками\n",[3179,9280,9281,9283,9285,9287],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9282,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9284,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,9286,5197],{"class":3930},[3179,9288,9289],{"class":3954}," --show-labels\n",[3114,9291,9292],{},[3138,9293,8970],{},[3513,9295,9296,9303],{},[3516,9297,9298,9299,9302],{},"Переконайтеся, що мітка ",[3130,9300,9301],{},"app=cache"," успішно присвоєна Pod'у.",[3516,9304,9305,9306,3906],{},"Видаліть створений Pod за допомогою YAML-файлу: ",[3130,9307,9308],{},"kubectl delete -f redis-pod.yaml",[3151,9310],{},[3497,9312,9314],{"id":9313},"завдання-4-логічна-ізоляція-через-namespaces","Завдання 4: Логічна ізоляція через Namespaces",[3114,9316,9317],{},"Створіть два ізольованих середовища за допомогою Namespaces та запустіть у них Pod'и з однаковими іменами без виникнення конфліктів.",[3114,9319,9320],{},[3138,9321,8911],{},[3513,9323,9324,9332,9342],{},[3516,9325,9326,9327,8903,9330,3906],{},"Створіть простори назв ",[3130,9328,9329],{},"development",[3130,9331,5437],{},[3516,9333,9334,9335,9338,9339,9341],{},"Запустіть по одному Pod'у з ім'ям ",[3130,9336,9337],{},"api"," (образ ",[3130,9340,7431],{},") у кожному з цих просторів.",[3516,9343,9344],{},"Перевірте список Pod'ів у кожному окремому namespace та в усьому кластері глобально.",[3114,9346,9347],{},[3138,9348,8932],{},[3170,9350,9352],{"className":3916,"code":9351,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Створення просторів назв\nkubectl create namespace development\nkubectl create namespace production\n\n# Запуск Pod'ів у відповідних namespace\nkubectl run api --image=nginx:1.25 -n development\nkubectl run api --image=nginx:1.25 -n production\n",[3130,9353,9354,9359,9370,9381,9385,9390,9406],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9355,9356],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9357,9358],{"class":3945},"# Створення просторів назв\n",[3179,9360,9361,9363,9365,9367],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9362,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9364,8638],{"class":3930},[3179,9366,8641],{"class":3930},[3179,9368,9369],{"class":3930}," development\n",[3179,9371,9372,9374,9376,9378],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9373,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9375,8638],{"class":3930},[3179,9377,8641],{"class":3930},[3179,9379,9380],{"class":3930}," production\n",[3179,9382,9383],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9384,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9386,9387],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9388,9389],{"class":3945},"# Запуск Pod'ів у відповідних namespace\n",[3179,9391,9392,9394,9396,9399,9402,9404],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,9393,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9395,6769],{"class":3930},[3179,9397,9398],{"class":3930}," api",[3179,9400,9401],{"class":3954}," --image=nginx:1.25",[3179,9403,5200],{"class":3954},[3179,9405,9369],{"class":3930},[3179,9407,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,9409,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9411,6769],{"class":3930},[3179,9413,9398],{"class":3930},[3179,9415,9401],{"class":3954},[3179,9417,5200],{"class":3954},[3179,9419,9380],{"class":3930},[3114,9421,9422],{},[3138,9423,8970],{},[3513,9425,9426,9431],{},[3516,9427,9428,9429,3906],{},"Виведіть список усіх Pod'ів у просторі назв ",[3130,9430,9329],{},[3516,9432,9433,9434,9436],{},"Виведіть глобальний список усіх Pod'ів у кластері (у всіх просторах назв одночасно) та переконайтеся, що обидва Pod'и ",[3130,9435,9337],{}," працюють паралельно. Яка команда дозволяє це зробити?",[3151,9438],{},[3497,9440,9442],{"id":9441},"завдання-5-перевірка-dns-та-виконання-команд-через-kubectl-exec","Завдання 5: Перевірка DNS та виконання команд через kubectl exec",[3114,9444,9445],{},"Запустіть службовий Pod в інтерактивному режимі, підключіться до нього та виконайте мережеву діагностику вбудованого DNS-сервісу Kubernetes.",[3114,9447,9448],{},[3138,9449,8911],{},[3513,9451,9452,9462,9473],{},[3516,9453,9454,9455,9458,9459,3906],{},"Створіть Pod ",[3130,9456,9457],{},"dns-tools"," на базі образу ",[3130,9460,9461],{},"busybox:1.36",[3516,9463,9464,9465,9468,9469,9472],{},"Оскільки за замовчуванням ",[3130,9466,9467],{},"busybox"," одразу завершує роботу, передайте йому команду ",[3130,9470,9471],{},"sleep 3600",", щоб тримати контейнер активним.",[3516,9474,9475,9476,9479,9480,3906],{},"Виконайте команду ",[3130,9477,9478],{},"nslookup"," всередині контейнера для резолву внутрішнього сервісу ",[3130,9481,9482],{},"kubernetes.default",[3114,9484,9485],{},[3138,9486,8932],{},[3170,9488,9490],{"className":3916,"code":9489,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Запуск Pod'у з передачею аргументів командного рядка\nkubectl run dns-tools --image=busybox:1.36 -- sleep 3600\n\n# Виконання команди nslookup всередині запущеного контейнера\nkubectl exec dns-tools -- nslookup kubernetes.default\n",[3130,9491,9492,9497,9518,9522,9527],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9493,9494],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9495,9496],{"class":3945},"# Запуск Pod'у з передачею аргументів командного рядка\n",[3179,9498,9499,9501,9503,9506,9509,9512,9515],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9500,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9502,6769],{"class":3930},[3179,9504,9505],{"class":3930}," dns-tools",[3179,9507,9508],{"class":3954}," --image=busybox:1.36",[3179,9510,9511],{"class":3954}," --",[3179,9513,9514],{"class":3930}," sleep",[3179,9516,9517],{"class":7951}," 3600\n",[3179,9519,9520],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9521,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9523,9524],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9525,9526],{"class":3945},"# Виконання команди nslookup всередині запущеного контейнера\n",[3179,9528,9529,9531,9533,9535,9537,9540],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9530,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9532,6478],{"class":3930},[3179,9534,9505],{"class":3930},[3179,9536,9511],{"class":3954},[3179,9538,9539],{"class":3930}," nslookup",[3179,9541,9542],{"class":3930}," kubernetes.default\n",[3114,9544,9545],{},[3138,9546,9547],{},"Питання:",[3513,9549,9550,9559],{},[3516,9551,9552,9553,9555,9556,9558],{},"Яку IP-адресу повернув ",[3130,9554,9478],{}," для імені ",[3130,9557,9482],{},"? Що це за адреса та якому компоненту вона належить?",[3516,9560,9561],{},"Як підключитися до оболонки (shell) цього Pod'у в інтерактивному режимі (TTY)?",[3151,9563],{},[3497,9565,9567],{"id":9566},"завдання-6-діагностика-помилок-та-аналіз-подій-events","Завдання 6: Діагностика помилок та аналіз подій (Events)",[3114,9569,9570],{},"Навчіться знаходити причини проблем у роботі ресурсів, навмисно створивши несправний Pod із некоректними параметрами.",[3114,9572,9573],{},[3138,9574,8911],{},[3513,9576,9577,9587,9590],{},[3516,9578,9579,9580,9583,9584,3906],{},"Запустіть Pod ",[3130,9581,9582],{},"broken-pod"," з неіснуючим тегом образу, наприклад ",[3130,9585,9586],{},"nginx:nonexistent-tag",[3516,9588,9589],{},"Дочекайтеся, поки стан Pod'у зміниться на помилковий.",[3516,9591,9592],{},"Використайте команду детального опису ресурсу для діагностики проблеми.",[3114,9594,9595],{},[3138,9596,8932],{},[3170,9598,9600],{"className":3916,"code":9599,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Створення несправного Pod'у\nkubectl run broken-pod --image=nginx:nonexistent-tag\n\n# Перевірка статусу Pod'ів\nkubectl get pods\n\n# Отримання детальної інформації про Pod та його життєвий цикл\nkubectl describe pod broken-pod\n",[3130,9601,9602,9607,9619,9623,9628,9636,9640,9645],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9603,9604],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9605,9606],{"class":3945},"# Створення несправного Pod'у\n",[3179,9608,9609,9611,9613,9616],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9610,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9612,6769],{"class":3930},[3179,9614,9615],{"class":3930}," broken-pod",[3179,9617,9618],{"class":3954}," --image=nginx:nonexistent-tag\n",[3179,9620,9621],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9622,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9624,9625],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9626,9627],{"class":3945},"# Перевірка статусу Pod'ів\n",[3179,9629,9630,9632,9634],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9631,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9633,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,9635,6282],{"class":3930},[3179,9637,9638],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,9639,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9641,9642],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,9643,9644],{"class":3945},"# Отримання детальної інформації про Pod та його життєвий цикл\n",[3179,9646,9647,9649,9651,9653],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,9648,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9650,6384],{"class":3930},[3179,9652,6407],{"class":3930},[3179,9654,9655],{"class":3930}," broken-pod\n",[3114,9657,9658],{},[3138,9659,9547],{},[3513,9661,9662,9668],{},[3516,9663,9664,9665,9667],{},"Який статус отримав Pod ",[3130,9666,9582],{}," через кілька хвилин після створення?",[3516,9669,9670,9671,9674,9675,9677],{},"Знайдіть у виводі ",[3130,9672,9673],{},"kubectl describe"," секцію ",[3130,9676,1817],{},". Які події (Events) вказують на конкретну помилку та що саме пішло не так?",[3151,9679],{},[3497,9681,9683],{"id":9682},"завдання-7-експорт-живої-конфігурації-та-автозгенеровані-поля","Завдання 7: Експорт живої конфігурації та автозгенеровані поля",[3114,9685,9686],{},"Дослідіть, як Kubernetes доповнює ваші декларативні маніфести службовою та системною інформацією після їх застосування в кластері.",[3114,9688,9689],{},[3138,9690,8911],{},[3513,9692,9693,9699,9702],{},[3516,9694,9695,9696,9698],{},"Візьміть будь-який запущений Pod (наприклад, ",[3130,9697,9129],{}," з Завдання 3).",[3516,9700,9701],{},"Експортуйте його повну поточну конфігурацію з кластера у форматі YAML.",[3516,9703,9704],{},"Порівняйте отриманий файл із вашим початковим маніфестом.",[3114,9706,9707],{},[3138,9708,8932],{},[3170,9710,9712],{"className":3916,"code":9711,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Отримання повної живої специфікації Pod'у у форматі YAML\nkubectl get pod redis-cache -o yaml\n",[3130,9713,9714,9719],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9715,9716],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9717,9718],{"class":3945},"# Отримання повної живої специфікації Pod'у у форматі YAML\n",[3179,9720,9721,9723,9725,9727,9730,9732],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9722,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9724,5123],{"class":3930},[3179,9726,6407],{"class":3930},[3179,9728,9729],{"class":3930}," redis-cache",[3179,9731,4126],{"class":3954},[3179,9733,6547],{"class":3930},[3114,9735,9736],{},[3138,9737,9547],{},[3513,9739,9740,9756],{},[3516,9741,9742,9743,3531,9746,3531,9749,9752,9753,6256],{},"Знайдіть у згенерованому YAML-файлі щонайменше три поля, які ви не описували вручну (наприклад, ",[3130,9744,9745],{},"metadata.uid",[3130,9747,9748],{},"spec.nodeName",[3130,9750,9751],{},"status.podIP"," або ",[3130,9754,9755],{},"metadata.resourceVersion",[3516,9757,9758],{},"За що відповідає кожне з цих полів та яке їхнє призначення з точки зору Kubernetes?",[3151,9760],{},[3497,9762,9764],{"id":9763},"завдання-8-дослідження-середовища-вузла-через-ssh","Завдання 8: Дослідження середовища вузла через SSH",[3114,9766,9767],{},"Загляньте \"під капот\" локального Kubernetes-вузла, щоб побачити реальні контейнери, які запускаються низькорівневим рушієм (CRI).",[3114,9769,9770],{},[3138,9771,8911],{},[3513,9773,9774,9777,9786],{},[3516,9775,9776],{},"Підключіться до віртуальної машини (або контейнера) minikube через вбудований SSH-клієнт.",[3516,9778,9779,9780,9752,9782,9785],{},"Використайте утиліту контейнерного середовища виконання (",[3130,9781,3888],{},[3130,9783,9784],{},"crictl","), щоб переглянути список запущених контейнерів на рівні ОС вузла.",[3516,9787,9788],{},"Знайдіть контейнери, що відповідають вашим Pod'ам, а також системні контейнери Kubernetes.",[3114,9790,9791],{},[3138,9792,8932],{},[3170,9794,9796],{"className":3916,"code":9795,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Підключення до оболонки вузла minikube\nminikube ssh\n\n# Всередині SSH-сесії вузла: перегляд процесів контейнерів\ndocker ps\n# або якщо minikube використовує containerd:\nsudo crictl ps\n",[3130,9797,9798,9803,9809,9813,9818,9825,9830],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9799,9800],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9801,9802],{"class":3945},"# Підключення до оболонки вузла minikube\n",[3179,9804,9805,9807],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9806,3505],{"class":3926},[3179,9808,8503],{"class":3930},[3179,9810,9811],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,9812,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,9814,9815],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,9816,9817],{"class":3945},"# Всередині SSH-сесії вузла: перегляд процесів контейнерів\n",[3179,9819,9820,9822],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,9821,3888],{"class":3926},[3179,9823,9824],{"class":3930}," ps\n",[3179,9826,9827],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,9828,9829],{"class":3945},"# або якщо minikube використовує containerd:\n",[3179,9831,9832,9834,9837],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,9833,4003],{"class":3926},[3179,9835,9836],{"class":3930}," crictl",[3179,9838,9824],{"class":3930},[3114,9840,9841],{},[3138,9842,9547],{},[3513,9844,9845,9855],{},[3516,9846,9847,9848,9850,9851,9854],{},"Чому кількість фізичних контейнерів у виводі ",[3130,9849,3895],{}," / ",[3130,9852,9853],{},"crictl ps"," значно більша, ніж кількість створених вами Pod'ів у кластері?",[3516,9856,9857],{},"Які системні компоненти Kubernetes (з тих, що ми вивчали в попередній статті) ви помітили у виводі команди?",[3151,9859],{},[3497,9861,9863],{"id":9862},"завдання-9-анатомія-kubeconfig-та-криптографічний-доступ","Завдання 9: Анатомія kubeconfig та криптографічний доступ",[3114,9865,9866,9867,9869],{},"Дослідіть структуру конфігураційного файлу, за допомогою якого ",[3130,9868,3148],{}," автентифікується в API-сервері Kubernetes.",[3114,9871,9872],{},[3138,9873,8911],{},[3513,9875,9876,9911],{},[3516,9877,9878,9879,9882,9883,9886,9887],{},"Відкрийте файл конфігурації ",[3130,9880,9881],{},"config",", який знаходиться в директорії ",[3130,9884,9885],{},".kube"," у вашій домашній директорії, у текстовому редакторі:\n",[3513,9888,9889,9900],{},[3516,9890,9891,4274,9894,9896,9897,3538],{},[3138,9892,9893],{},"macOS/Linux:",[3130,9895,5624],{}," (або ",[3130,9898,9899],{},"/Users/\u003Cім'я_користувача>/.kube/config",[3516,9901,9902,4274,9905,9896,9908,3538],{},[3138,9903,9904],{},"Windows:",[3130,9906,9907],{},"C:\\Users\\\u003Cім'я_користувача>\\.kube\\config",[3130,9909,9910],{},"%USERPROFILE%\\.kube\\config",[3516,9912,9913,9914,3531,9916,8903,9918,3906],{},"Вивчіть його структуру: знайдіть секції ",[3130,9915,5632],{},[3130,9917,5644],{},[3130,9919,5648],{},[3114,9921,9922],{},[3138,9923,8932],{},[3170,9925,9927],{"className":3916,"code":9926,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Перегляд поточної конфігурації через kubectl (безпечний спосіб без виводу приватних ключів)\nkubectl config view\n",[3130,9928,9929,9934],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,9930,9931],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,9932,9933],{"class":3945},"# Перегляд поточної конфігурації через kubectl (безпечний спосіб без виводу приватних ключів)\n",[3179,9935,9936,9938,9940],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,9937,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,9939,5688],{"class":3930},[3179,9941,5691],{"class":3930},[3114,9943,9944],{},[3138,9945,9547],{},[3513,9947,9948,9963],{},[3516,9949,9950,9951,9752,9953,9955,9956,9752,9959,9962],{},"Знайдіть у секції ",[3130,9952,5632],{},[3130,9954,5644],{}," посилання на сертифікати (наприклад, ",[3130,9957,9958],{},"certificate-authority",[3130,9960,9961],{},"client-certificate","). Навіщо вони потрібні?",[3516,9964,9965],{},"Чому Kubernetes використовує сертифікати (mTLS) та токени для взаємодії з API, а не традиційні пари логін/пароль? Які переваги це надає для розподіленої системи з точки зору безпеки та автоматизації?",[3151,9967],{},[3497,9969,9971],{"id":9970},"завдання-10-спільний-мережевий-простір-у-багатоконтейнерному-podі","Завдання 10: Спільний мережевий простір у багатоконтейнерному Pod'і",[3114,9973,9974],{},"Реалізуйте патерн багатоконтейнерного Pod'у (Multi-container Pod) та перевірте, як контейнери всередині одного Pod'у взаємодіють між собою через локальну мережу.",[3114,9976,9977],{},[3138,9978,8911],{},[3513,9980,9981,9987,9990],{},[3516,9982,9119,9983,9986],{},[3130,9984,9985],{},"multi-container.yaml"," для Pod'у з двома контейнерами: вебсервером Nginx та утилітою Busybox.",[3516,9988,9989],{},"Переконайтеся, що обидва контейнери успішно запускаються в межах одного Pod'у.",[3516,9991,9992,9993,3906],{},"Підключіться до контейнера з Busybox та виконайте HTTP-запит до Nginx за адресою ",[3130,9994,9995],{},"localhost",[3114,9997,9998,6091],{},[3130,9999,9985],{},[3170,10001,10003],{"className":7836,"code":10002,"language":7838,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"apiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: multi-app\nspec:\n  containers:\n  - name: web-server\n    image: nginx:1.25\n    ports:\n    - containerPort: 80\n  - name: helper-tools\n    image: busybox:1.36\n    command: [\"sleep\", \"3600\"]\n",[3130,10004,10005,10013,10021,10027,10036,10042,10048,10059,10067,10073,10083,10094,10103],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,10006,10007,10009,10011],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,10008,7846],{"class":7845},[3179,10010,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10012,7852],{"class":7851},[3179,10014,10015,10017,10019],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,10016,3569],{"class":7845},[3179,10018,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10020,7861],{"class":7851},[3179,10022,10023,10025],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,10024,7866],{"class":7845},[3179,10026,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,10028,10029,10031,10033],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,10030,7874],{"class":7845},[3179,10032,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10034,10035],{"class":7851},"multi-app\n",[3179,10037,10038,10040],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,10039,7900],{"class":7845},[3179,10041,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,10043,10044,10046],{"class":3181,"line":3213},[3179,10045,7907],{"class":7845},[3179,10047,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,10049,10050,10052,10054,10056],{"class":3181,"line":3219},[3179,10051,7914],{"class":4031},[3179,10053,7917],{"class":7845},[3179,10055,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10057,10058],{"class":7851},"web-server\n",[3179,10060,10061,10063,10065],{"class":3181,"line":3225},[3179,10062,7926],{"class":7845},[3179,10064,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10066,7931],{"class":7851},[3179,10068,10069,10071],{"class":3181,"line":3231},[3179,10070,7936],{"class":7845},[3179,10072,7869],{"class":4031},[3179,10074,10075,10077,10079,10081],{"class":3181,"line":3237},[3179,10076,7943],{"class":4031},[3179,10078,7946],{"class":7845},[3179,10080,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10082,7952],{"class":7951},[3179,10084,10085,10087,10089,10091],{"class":3181,"line":3243},[3179,10086,7914],{"class":4031},[3179,10088,7917],{"class":7845},[3179,10090,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10092,10093],{"class":7851},"helper-tools\n",[3179,10095,10096,10098,10100],{"class":3181,"line":3249},[3179,10097,7926],{"class":7845},[3179,10099,4948],{"class":4031},[3179,10101,10102],{"class":7851},"busybox:1.36\n",[3179,10104,10105,10108,10111,10114,10116,10119],{"class":3181,"line":3255},[3179,10106,10107],{"class":7845},"    command",[3179,10109,10110],{"class":4031},": [",[3179,10112,10113],{"class":3930},"\"sleep\"",[3179,10115,3531],{"class":4031},[3179,10117,10118],{"class":3930},"\"3600\"",[3179,10120,10121],{"class":4031},"]\n",[3114,10123,10124],{},[3138,10125,8932],{},[3170,10127,10129],{"className":3916,"code":10128,"language":3919,"meta":3175,"style":3175},"# Застосування маніфесту багатоконтейнерного Pod'у\nkubectl apply -f multi-container.yaml\n\n# Виконання запиту з контейнера helper-tools до сусіднього контейнера web-server\nkubectl exec multi-app -c helper-tools -- wget -O- http://localhost:80\n",[3130,10130,10131,10136,10147,10151,10156],{"__ignoreMap":3175},[3179,10132,10133],{"class":3181,"line":3182},[3179,10134,10135],{"class":3945},"# Застосування маніфесту багатоконтейнерного Pod'у\n",[3179,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144],{"class":3181,"line":3188},[3179,10139,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,10141,8028],{"class":3930},[3179,10143,6454],{"class":3954},[3179,10145,10146],{"class":3930}," multi-container.yaml\n",[3179,10148,10149],{"class":3181,"line":3194},[3179,10150,3204],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3203},[3179,10152,10153],{"class":3181,"line":3200},[3179,10154,10155],{"class":3945},"# Виконання запиту з контейнера helper-tools до сусіднього контейнера web-server\n",[3179,10157,10158,10160,10162,10165,10168,10171,10173,10176,10179],{"class":3181,"line":3207},[3179,10159,3148],{"class":3926},[3179,10161,6478],{"class":3930},[3179,10163,10164],{"class":3930}," multi-app",[3179,10166,10167],{"class":3954}," -c",[3179,10169,10170],{"class":3930}," helper-tools",[3179,10172,9511],{"class":3954},[3179,10174,10175],{"class":3930}," wget",[3179,10177,10178],{"class":3954}," -O-",[3179,10180,10181],{"class":3930}," http://localhost:80\n",[3114,10183,10184],{},[3138,10185,9547],{},[3513,10187,10188,10199],{},[3516,10189,10190,10191,10194,10195,10198],{},"Чому контейнер ",[3130,10192,10193],{},"helper-tools"," (Busybox) зміг успішно звернутися до Nginx через ",[3130,10196,10197],{},"localhost:80",", якщо це абсолютно різні, ізольовані контейнери з різними образами?",[3516,10200,10201],{},"Яка концепція побудови мережі в Kubernetes (Network Namespace / Pod Network) забезпечує таку поведінку?",[3143,10203,10204,10205,10207],{},"Ці практичні завдання допоможуть вам освоїти базові команди ",[3130,10206,3148],{}," та роботу з локальним середовищем Minikube, заклавши фундамент для глибшого вивчення ресурсів Kubernetes.",[10209,10210,10211],"style",{},"html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: 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та налаштування локального Kubernetes-кластера для розробки та навчання","md",null,{},{"title":2751,"description":10294},"DRaYqYJkPyGJKljxYAV1piKQXyw7O_xgGnCmM5aMFDI",[10301,10303],{"title":2747,"path":2748,"stem":2749,"description":10302,"children":-1},"Внутрішня будова Kubernetes-кластера — control plane, worker nodes, ключові компоненти та їхня взаємодія",{"title":2755,"path":2756,"stem":2757,"description":10304,"children":-1},"Глибоке розуміння Pod — від базових концепцій до повної специфікації YAML, життєвого циклу та практичних прикладів з .NET",1778489423096]