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ОС","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fwindows-hooks-services","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002F20.windows-hooks-services",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Системне Програмування C# (Windows) — 07.system-programming-windows","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":380,"icon":132,"path":381,"stem":382,"children":383,"page":59},"Io","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio","01.csharp\u002F08.io",[384,388,392,396,400],{"title":385,"path":386,"stem":387},"8.1.1. Основи роботи з файловою системою","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Ffile-system-basics","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F01.file-system-basics",{"title":389,"path":390,"stem":391},"8.1.2. Потоки (Streams) та Серіалізація Даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fstreams-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F02.streams-serialization",{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395},"8.2.1. JSON Serialization з System.Text.Json","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fjson-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F03.json-serialization",{"title":397,"path":398,"stem":399},"8.2.2. XML Serialization та LINQ to XML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fxml-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F04.xml-serialization",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},"8.2.3. Binary Serialization: MessagePack та Protocol Buffers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fbinary-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F05.binary-serialization",{"title":405,"icon":132,"path":406,"stem":407,"children":408,"page":59},"Ado Net","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net",[409,413,417,421,425,429,433,437,441,445,449,453],{"title":410,"path":411,"stem":412},"9.1. Введення в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fintroduction-to-adonet","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F01.introduction-to-adonet",{"title":414,"path":415,"stem":416},"9.2. Клас DbConnection — з'єднання з базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fconnection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F02.connection",{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},"9.3. Клас DbCommand — виконання SQL-запитів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fcommand-and-queries","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F03.command-and-queries",{"title":422,"path":423,"stem":424},"9.4. Клас DbDataReader — ефективне читання даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdatareader","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F04.datareader",{"title":426,"path":427,"stem":428},"9.5. Параметризовані запити та захист від SQL Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fparameters-and-sql-injection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F05.parameters-and-sql-injection",{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},"9.6. Транзакції в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Ftransactions","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F06.transactions",{"title":434,"path":435,"stem":436},"9.7. DbProviderFactory — провайдер-незалежний код","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fprovider-factory","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F07.provider-factory",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"9.8. Асинхронний доступ до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fasync-data-access","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F08.async-data-access",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"9.9. Від'єднаний режим: DataSet, DataTable, DataRow","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdisconnected-mode-dataset","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F09.disconnected-mode-dataset",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"9.10. DataAdapter — міст між DataSet та базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-adapter","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F10.data-adapter",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"9.11. Data Mapper та Repository: Архітектура доступу до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-mapper-repository","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F11.data-mapper-repository",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"9.12. Identity Map, Unit of Work та Specification Pattern","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fadvanced-patterns","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F12.advanced-patterns",{"title":458,"icon":255,"path":459,"stem":460,"children":461,"page":59},"Ef Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core",[462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,532,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646],{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465},"Що таке ORM? Від SQL до об'єктів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fwhat-is-orm","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F01.what-is-orm",{"title":467,"path":468,"stem":469},"Перший проєкт — від нуля до CRUD","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffirst-project","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F02.first-project",{"title":471,"path":472,"stem":473},"DbContext — Серце EF Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdbcontext-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F03.dbcontext-deep-dive",{"title":475,"path":476,"stem":477},"Провайдери баз даних — Архітектура та Вибір СУБД","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdatabase-providers","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F04.database-providers",{"title":479,"path":480,"stem":481},"Конвенції EF Core — Магія без конфігурації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconventions","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F05.conventions",{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Fluent API та Data Annotations — Явна конфігурація моделі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffluent-api-vs-annotations","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F06.fluent-api-vs-annotations",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Зв'язки — One-to-One та One-to-Many","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-basics","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F07.relationships-basics",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Зв'язки Advanced — Many-to-Many та Складні Сценарії","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-advanced","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F08.relationships-advanced",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Властивості — Типи, Конвертери, Компаратори (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part1",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Властивості — Value Comparers, Generators, Shadow Properties (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part2",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Складні типи — Owned Types та Complex Types (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part1",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Складні типи — Complex Types, Keyless Entities, Порівняння (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part2",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"JSON Columns — Складні дані у JSON (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part1",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"JSON Columns — Value Comparers, Індекси, Провайдери (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part2",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Успадкування — Абстрактні класи та TPH (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part1",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Успадкування — TPT, TPC та Порівняння Стратегій (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part2",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"children":530},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part1",[531],{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535,"children":536},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part2",[537],{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},{"title":539,"path":540,"stem":541},"Seed Data — Початкові Дані (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part1",{"title":543,"path":544,"stem":545},"Seed Data — SQL-скрипти, Bogus та Стратегії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part2",{"title":547,"path":548,"stem":549},"Global Query Filters — Глобальні Фільтри (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part1",{"title":551,"path":552,"stem":553},"Global Query Filters — Підводні камені та Інтеграція (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part2",{"title":555,"path":556,"stem":557},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part1",{"title":559,"path":560,"stem":561},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part2",{"title":563,"path":564,"stem":565},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part1",{"title":567,"path":568,"stem":569},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part2",{"title":571,"path":572,"stem":573},"Raw SQL, Views та Stored Procedures (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part1",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577},"Raw SQL — Stored Procedures, DbFunction та Bulk Operations (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part2",{"title":579,"path":580,"stem":581},"Продвинуті Запити — Compiled Queries, Bulk та Оптимізація (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part1",{"title":583,"path":584,"stem":585},"Продвинуті Запити — Query Tags, Bulk та Interceptors (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part2",{"title":587,"path":588,"stem":589},"Change Tracker — Відстеження Змін (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part1",{"title":591,"path":592,"stem":593},"Change Tracker — Графи Об'єктів та Disconnected (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part2",{"title":595,"path":596,"stem":597},"Збереження Даних та Транзакції (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part1",{"title":599,"path":600,"stem":601},"Збереження Даних — Concurrency та Outbox (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part2",{"title":603,"path":604,"stem":605},"Конкурентність та Блокування (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part1",{"title":607,"path":608,"stem":609},"Конкурентність — Дедлоки та Queue Processing (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part2",{"title":611,"path":612,"stem":613},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part1",{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part2",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part1",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part2",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part1",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part2",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637},"Продуктивність EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fperformance-fundamentals-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F26.performance-fundamentals-part1",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641},"Interceptors в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part1",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645},"Interceptors в EF Core — Connection, Transaction та Materialization (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part2",{"title":647,"path":648,"stem":649},"План вивчення Entity Framework Core — Повний курс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":651,"icon":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655,"page":59},"ASP.NET","i-devicon-dotnetcore","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet",[656,730,791,869,927,941,967,1057,1111,1182,1212,1289,1346],{"title":657,"icon":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"children":661,"page":59},"Minimal API","i-lucide-network","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api",[662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726],{"title":663,"path":664,"stem":665},"Вступ до ASP.NET та еволюція фреймворку","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fintroduction","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F01.introduction",{"title":667,"path":668,"stem":669},"Перший додаток на ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Ffirst-application","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F02.first-application",{"title":671,"path":672,"stem":673},"WebApplication, Builder та Dependency Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fwebapplication-builder","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F03.webapplication-builder",{"title":675,"path":676,"stem":677},"Конвеєр запитів та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frequest-pipeline-middleware","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F04.request-pipeline-middleware",{"title":679,"path":680,"stem":681},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F05.routing-basics",{"title":683,"path":684,"stem":685},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Розширені можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F06.routing-advanced",{"title":687,"path":688,"stem":689},"Статичні файли в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-files","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F07.static-files",{"title":691,"path":692,"stem":693},"Статичні Активи: MapStaticAssets (ASP.NET Core 9.0)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-assets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F08.static-assets",{"title":695,"path":696,"stem":697},"Конфігурація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F09.configuration-fundamentals",{"title":699,"path":700,"stem":701},"Конфігурація: Паттерн Options","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-options","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F10.configuration-options",{"title":703,"path":704,"stem":705},"Логування в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F11.logging-basics",{"title":707,"path":708,"stem":709},"Логування: Serilog та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F12.logging-advanced",{"title":711,"path":712,"stem":713},"Управління станом: HttpContext.Items та Cookies","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstate-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F13.state-management",{"title":715,"path":716,"stem":717},"Стан сесії: Sessions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fsession-state","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F14.session-state",{"title":719,"path":720,"stem":721},"Структура проєкту: від хаосу до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fproject-structure","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F15.project-structure",{"title":723,"path":724,"stem":725},"Scalar у Minimal API: повний проєкт і Fluent OpenAPI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fscalar-openapi-fluent","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F16.scalar-openapi-fluent",{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},"Swagger \u002F Swashbuckle у Minimal API: окремий класичний шлях","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fswagger-swashbuckle","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F17.swagger-swashbuckle",{"title":731,"icon":658,"path":732,"stem":733,"children":734,"page":59},"API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api",[735,739,743,747,751,755,759,763,767,771,775,779,783,787],{"title":736,"path":737,"stem":738},"Що таке API. Клієнт-серверна архітектура","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fwhat-is-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F01.what-is-api",{"title":740,"path":741,"stem":742},"Формати даних: JSON, XML, TOML та бінарні формати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fdata-formats","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F02.data-formats",{"title":744,"path":745,"stem":746},"Парадигми API та концепція REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-paradigms-rest","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F03.api-paradigms-rest",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750},"HTTP-методи, статус-коди та заголовки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fhttp-methods-status-codes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F04.http-methods-status-codes",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754},"Організація HTTP API за принципами REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Frest-organizing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F05.rest-organizing",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758},"Номенклатура URL та CRUD-операції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Furl-nomenclature-crud","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F06.url-nomenclature-crud",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762},"Правила дизайну: іменування та стандарти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-naming","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F07.api-design-naming",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766},"Валідація, ліміти та обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F08.api-design-validation",{"title":768,"path":769,"stem":770},"Обробка помилок у Minimal API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Ferror-handling-http","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F09.error-handling-http",{"title":772,"path":773,"stem":774},"Ідемпотентність та синхронізація стану","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fidempotency-sync","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F10.idempotency-sync",{"title":776,"path":777,"stem":778},"Пагінація та організація списків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fpagination-lists","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F11.pagination-lists",{"title":780,"path":781,"stem":782},"Безпека API, кешування та інтернаціоналізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fsecurity-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F12.security-auth",{"title":784,"path":785,"stem":786},"Процес проєктування API та документування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-process","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F13.api-design-process",{"title":788,"path":789,"stem":790},"OpenAPI: контракт, специфікація та документація API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fopenapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F14.openapi",{"title":792,"icon":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796,"page":59},"Auth","i-lucide-shield-check","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth",[797,801,805,809,813,817,821,825,829,833,837,841,845,849,853,857,861,865],{"title":798,"path":799,"stem":800},"Основи аутентифікації та авторизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauth-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F01.auth-fundamentals",{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804},"JWT-аутентифікація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fjwt-authentication","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F02.jwt-authentication",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808},"Авторизація: ролі, політики та resource-based доступ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauthorization-policies","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F03.authorization-policies",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812},"Cookie-аутентифікація та ASP.NET Core Identity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcookie-auth-identity","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04.cookie-auth-identity",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816},"JWT + Refresh Tokens (HttpOnly Cookie)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820},"Identity: Підтвердження Email та Скидання Пароля","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-email-confirmation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F05.identity-email-confirmation",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824},"Identity: Двофакторна Аутентифікація (2FA)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-two-factor","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F06.identity-two-factor",{"title":826,"path":827,"stem":828},"Identity: Внутрішня Архітектура та Кастомізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-internals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F07.identity-internals",{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},"OAuth 2.0 та зовнішні провайдери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-external-providers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F08.oauth-external-providers",{"title":834,"path":835,"stem":836},"Безпека на практиці: CORS, HTTPS та захист від атак","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fsecurity-hardening","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F09.security-hardening",{"title":838,"path":839,"stem":840},"Теорія OAuth 2.0: Поняття, Аналогії та Флоу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-theory","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oauth-theory",{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"OIDC, OAuth 2.0 та Keycloak в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foidc-keycloak","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oidc-keycloak",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"API Keys аутентифікація в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fapi-keys","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F11.api-keys",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Rate Limiting та Throttling в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frate-limiting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F12.rate-limiting",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Refresh Token Rotation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frefresh-token-rotation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F13.refresh-token-rotation",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},"Certificate Authentication та mTLS в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcertificate-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F14.certificate-auth",{"title":862,"path":863,"stem":864},"RBAC, ABAC та ReBAC в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frbac-abac-rebac","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F15.rbac-abac-rebac",{"title":866,"path":867,"stem":868},"Multi-tenancy та ізоляція даних в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fmulti-tenancy","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F16.multi-tenancy",{"title":870,"icon":871,"path":872,"stem":873,"children":874,"page":59},"Нотифікації","i-lucide-bell","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications",[875,879,883,887,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,923],{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"In-App нотифікації через базу даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fin-app-database-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F01.in-app-database-notifications",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Polling: Регулярний запит оновлень","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fpolling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F02.polling",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},"Server-Sent Events: Однострімовий push від сервера","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fserver-sent-events","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F03.server-sent-events",{"title":888,"path":889,"stem":890},"WebSockets: Двостороннє з'єднання в реальному часі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F04.websockets",{"title":892,"path":893,"stem":894},"SignalR: Абстракція над транспортами реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fsignalr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F05.signalr",{"title":896,"path":897,"stem":898},"Background Services: Фонові задачі в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fbackground-services","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F06.background-services",{"title":900,"path":901,"stem":902},"Web Push нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fweb-push","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F07.web-push",{"title":904,"path":905,"stem":906},"Email нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Femail-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F08.email-notifications",{"title":908,"path":909,"stem":910},"Порівняння підходів: Як вибрати правильну технологію нотифікацій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fchoosing-the-right-approach","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F09.choosing-the-right-approach",{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Hangfire: Надійне планування фонових задач","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F10.hangfire",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Практика: Конвертація зображень у WebP через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-image-webp","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F11.hangfire-image-webp",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Практика: Підготовка відео до HLS-стрімінгу через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-video-hls","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F12.hangfire-video-hls",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Telegram-нотифікації: від одного повідомлення до масових розсилок і мульти-канального підходу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Ftelegram-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F13.telegram-notifications",{"title":928,"icon":929,"path":930,"stem":931,"children":932,"page":59},"Інтернаціоналізація","i-lucide-languages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n",[933,937],{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Інтернаціоналізація (i18n) у Minimal API: від A до Я","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Finternationalization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F01.internationalization",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},"Humanizer: людиномовні рядки у .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Fhumanizer","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F02.humanizer",{"title":942,"icon":943,"path":944,"stem":945,"children":946,"page":59},"Кешування","i-lucide-layers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching",[947,951,955,959,963],{"title":948,"path":949,"stem":950},"Огляд кешування: чотири рівні і коли що обирати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F01.caching",{"title":952,"path":953,"stem":954},"IMemoryCache: кеш в оперативній пам'яті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fmemory-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F02.memory-cache",{"title":956,"path":957,"stem":958},"IDistributedCache і Redis: розподілений кеш","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fdistributed-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F03.distributed-cache",{"title":960,"path":961,"stem":962},"Response Cache: HTTP-кешування через Cache-Control","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fresponse-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F04.response-cache",{"title":964,"path":965,"stem":966},"Output Cache: серверний кеш HTTP-відповідей (.NET 7+)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Foutput-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F05.output-cache",{"title":968,"icon":969,"path":970,"stem":971,"children":972,"page":59},"Тестування","i-lucide-test-tube","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing",[973,977,981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005,1009,1013,1017,1021,1025,1029,1033,1037,1041,1045,1049,1053],{"title":974,"path":975,"stem":976},"Що таке тестування? Від інтуїції до науки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-is-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F01.what-is-testing",{"title":978,"path":979,"stem":980},"Піраміда тестування — Стратегія, а не Догма","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-pyramid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-pyramid",{"title":982,"path":983,"stem":984},"Дві Школи Тестування — Лондон проти Детройту","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-schools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-schools",{"title":986,"path":987,"stem":988},"TDD та BDD — Тести як Дизайн-інструмент","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftdd-and-bdd","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F04.tdd-and-bdd",{"title":990,"path":991,"stem":992},"Що саме тестувати — Техніки аналізу та Циклomatична складність","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-to-test","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F05.what-to-test",{"title":994,"path":995,"stem":996},"Тестові Фреймворки — Навіщо вони і що всередині","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftest-frameworks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F06.test-frameworks",{"title":998,"path":999,"stem":1000},"xUnit — Факти, Теорії та Lifecycle тестів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F07.xunit-basics",{"title":1002,"path":1003,"stem":1004},"xUnit Advanced — Fixtures, Кастомізація та Розширення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F08.xunit-advanced",{"title":1006,"path":1007,"stem":1008},"Moq — Глибоке занурення в мокування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fmocking-with-moq","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F09.mocking-with-moq",{"title":1010,"path":1011,"stem":1012},"Тестування Баз Даних — EF Core, SQLite та Testcontainers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fdatabase-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F10.database-testing",{"title":1014,"path":1015,"stem":1016},"Integration Testing — Частина 1 [Теорія та WebApplicationFactory]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11.integration-testing",{"title":1018,"path":1019,"stem":1020},"Інтеграційне тестування — Практика","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice",{"title":1022,"path":1023,"stem":1024},"Integration Testing — Частина 2 [Просунуті Сценарії та Testcontainers]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F12.integration-testing-advanced",{"title":1026,"path":1027,"stem":1028},"Професійний Postman: Колекції, Змінні та GitHub Інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fpostman-professional","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F13.postman-professional",{"title":1030,"path":1031,"stem":1032},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 1: Архітектура та MockHttpMessageHandler","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fhttpclient-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F14.httpclient-testing",{"title":1034,"path":1035,"stem":1036},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 2: WireMock.Net та Resilience","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwiremock-net","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F15.wiremock-net",{"title":1038,"path":1039,"stem":1040},"Патерни та Анти-патерни Тестування: Test Smells","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-patterns","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F16.testing-patterns",{"title":1042,"path":1043,"stem":1044},"Просунуті інструменти: Time, Snapshots та Властивості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fadvanced-testing-tools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F17.advanced-testing-tools",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},"Тестування Архітектури з NetArchTest","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Farchitecture-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F18.architecture-testing",{"title":1050,"path":1051,"stem":1052},"Тестування Продуктивності: BenchmarkDotNet, NBomber та k6","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fperformance-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F19.performance-testing",{"title":1054,"path":1055,"stem":1056},"Залишок плану для курсу \"Тестування ASP.NET Minimal API\"","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fremaining_plan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002Fremaining_plan",{"title":1058,"icon":1059,"path":1060,"stem":1061,"children":1062,"page":59},"Платежі","i-lucide-credit-card","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments",[1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1064,"path":1065,"stem":1066},"Основи платіжної інфраструктури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F01.payment-fundamentals",{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},"Методи оплати в Україні","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-methods-ukraine","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F02.payment-methods-ukraine",{"title":1072,"path":1073,"stem":1074},"PCI DSS та безпека платежів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpci-dss-security","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F03.pci-dss-security",{"title":1076,"path":1077,"stem":1078},"Архітектура платіжної підсистеми","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-architecture","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F04.payment-architecture",{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"Інтеграція LiqPay (ПриватБанк)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fliqpay-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F05.liqpay-integration",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"Інтеграція Monobank Acquiring API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fmonobank-acquiring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F06.monobank-acquiring",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},"Інтеграція Stripe","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fstripe-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F07.stripe-integration",{"title":1092,"path":1093,"stem":1094},"Webhooks — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fwebhooks-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F08.webhooks-deep-dive",{"title":1096,"path":1097,"stem":1098},"Підписки та рекурентні платежі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fsubscriptions-recurring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F09.subscriptions-recurring",{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"Повернення коштів та диспути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Frefunds-disputes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F10.refunds-disputes",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"Тестування платіжних інтеграцій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Ftesting-payments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F11.testing-payments",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"Чекліст виходу в Production","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fproduction-checklist","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F12.production-checklist",{"title":1112,"icon":1113,"items":1114,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129,"page":59},"Популярні бібліотеки","lucide:box",[1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126],"01.fluent-validation","02.mapster","03.erroror-result-pattern","04.serilog","05.mediatr","06.polly","07.health-checks","08.feature-management","09.fluent-email","10.quest-pdf","11.bogus","12.humanizer-guard","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries",[1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178],{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Валідація з FluentValidation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F01.fluent-validation",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Маппінг об","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmapster","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F02.mapster",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Обробка помилок з ErrorOr та Result Pattern в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ferroror-result-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F03.erroror-result-pattern",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"Структуроване логування з Serilog в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fserilog","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F04.serilog",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"CQRS та Mediator з MediatR в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmediatr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F05.mediatr",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Відмовостійкість з Polly в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fpolly","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F06.polly",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Health Checks в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F07.health-checks",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Feature Management та Feature Flags в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffeature-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F08.feature-management",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Відправка Email з FluentEmail в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-email","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F09.fluent-email",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"Генерація PDF з QuestPDF в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fquest-pdf","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F10.quest-pdf",{"title":1171,"path":1172,"stem":1173},"Генерація тестових даних з Bogus в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fbogus","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F11.bogus",{"title":1175,"path":1176,"stem":1177},"Humanizer та Guard Clauses в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhumanizer-guard","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F12.humanizer-guard",{"title":1179,"path":1180,"stem":1181},"План модуля 10.libraries — Популярні бібліотеки ASP.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002Fplan",{"title":1183,"icon":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186,"children":1187,"page":59},"Razor Pages","i-lucide-layout-template","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages",[1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},"Від Minimal API до Razor Pages: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ffrom-minimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F01.from-minimal-api",{"title":1193,"path":1194,"stem":1195},"PageModel: логіка сторінки Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fpage-model","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F02.page-model",{"title":1197,"path":1198,"stem":1199},"Razor синтаксис: шаблонізатор у .cshtml","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Frazor-syntax","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F03.razor-syntax",{"title":1201,"path":1202,"stem":1203},"Tag Helpers: типізований HTML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ftag-helpers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F04.tag-helpers",{"title":1205,"path":1206,"stem":1207},"Форми і валідація: повний цикл обробки даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fforms-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F05.forms-validation",{"title":1209,"path":1210,"stem":1211},"Практичний проєкт: TaskManager на Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fproject-task-manager","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F06.project-task-manager",{"title":1213,"path":1214,"stem":1215,"children":1216,"page":59},"ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc",[1217,1221,1225,1229,1233,1237,1241,1245,1249,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1218,"path":1219,"stem":1220},"Патерн MVC: архітектура, що змінила веб","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F01.mvc-pattern",{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"Від Razor Pages до MVC: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffrom-razor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F02.from-razor-pages",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"Controllers та Actions: серце MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fcontrollers-actions","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F03.controllers-actions",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"Маршрутизація в MVC: Convention vs Attribute Routing","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Frouting-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F04.routing-mvc",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},"Model Binding: від HTTP до C#","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmodel-binding","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F05.model-binding",{"title":1238,"path":1239,"stem":1240},"Views, ViewData, ViewBag, TempData і ViewModel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fviews-viewdata-tempdata","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F06.views-viewdata-tempdata",{"title":1242,"path":1243,"stem":1244},"Filters: аспектно-орієнтоване програмування в MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffilters","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F07.filters",{"title":1246,"path":1247,"stem":1248},"Areas: структурування великих застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fareas","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F08.areas",{"title":1250,"path":1251,"stem":1252},"View Components: повторювані незалежні блоки UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fview-components","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F09.view-components",{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"Display та Editor Templates","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fdisplay-editor-templates","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F10.display-editor-templates",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"Валідація: IValidatableObject та FluentValidation","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fvalidation-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F11.validation-advanced",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"HTMX: інтерактивність через HTML-атрибути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F12.htmx",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"HTMX у ASP.NET Core MVC: серверна інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fajax-htmx-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F13.ajax-htmx-mvc",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"Практичний проєкт: Каталог товарів з HTMX","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F14.htmx-project",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"Завантаження та обробка файлів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffile-upload","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F15.file-upload",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"Глобалізація та Локалізація MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fglobalization-localization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F16.globalization-localization",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"Підсумковий проєкт: Блог-платформа","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F17.mvc-project",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002Fplan",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293,"page":59},"Web Api","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api",[1294,1298,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342],{"title":1295,"path":1296,"stem":1297},"Від Minimal API до Controller-based API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffrom-minimal-api-to-controllers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F01.from-minimal-api-to-controllers",{"title":1299,"path":1300,"stem":1301},"ControllerBase, ActionResult\u003CT> та Response Types","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontroller-base-actionresult","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F02.controller-base-actionresult",{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"Content Negotiation - JSON, XML та власні форматери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontent-negotiation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F03.content-negotiation",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"Версіонування API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-versioning","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F04.api-versioning",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"ProblemDetails та структурована обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fproblemdetails-error-handling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F05.problemdetails-error-handling",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"Фільтри у Web API контексті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffilters-for-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F06.filters-for-api",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"Пагінація, фільтрація та сортування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fpagination-filtering-sorting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F07.pagination-filtering-sorting",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"HATEOAS та Resource Expansion","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhateoas-resource-expansion","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F08.hateoas-resource-expansion",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"Гібридна архітектура - Minimal API + Controllers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fminimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F09.minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"Документація API - Swashbuckle, NSwag та генерація клієнтів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-documentation-generation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F10.api-documentation-generation",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"Health Checks та моніторинг API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhealth-checks-monitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F11.health-checks-monitoring",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"Підсумковий проєкт - Production-Ready REST API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fweb-api-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F12.web-api-project",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core Web API (Controllers)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002Fplan",{"title":1347,"icon":1348,"path":1349,"stem":1350,"children":1351,"page":59},"Моніторинг","i-lucide-activity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring",[1352,1356,1360],{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"Спостережуваність: від console.log до production-систем","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fobservability-intro","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F01.observability-intro",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"Health Checks: перший рівень observability","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F02.health-checks",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"Вбудовані метрики .NET 10 та System.Diagnostics.Metrics","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fdotnet-metrics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F03.dotnet-metrics",{"title":1365,"icon":1366,"path":1367,"stem":1368,"children":1369,"page":59},"Desktop UI","i-lucide-app-window","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui",[1370,1374,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434,1438,1442,1446,1450,1454,1458,1462,1466,1470,1474,1478,1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506,1510,1514,1518,1522,1526,1530,1534,1538,1542,1546,1550,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574,1578,1582,1586,1590,1594,1598,1602,1606,1610,1614,1618,1622,1626,1630,1634,1638,1642,1646,1650],{"title":1371,"path":1372,"stem":1373},"Що таке десктопна розробка?","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwhat-is-desktop-dev","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F01.what-is-desktop-dev",{"title":1375,"path":1376,"stem":1377},"Архітектура WPF — як влаштований графічний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-architecture","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F02.wpf-architecture",{"title":1379,"path":1380,"stem":1381},"Перший WPF-проєкт — від нуля до вікна","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ffirst-wpf-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03.first-wpf-app",{"title":1383,"path":1384,"stem":1385},"Перший Avalonia-проєкт: WPF для всіх платформ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app",{"title":1387,"path":1388,"stem":1389},"XAML: декларативний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04.xaml-basics",{"title":1391,"path":1392,"stem":1393},"Fluent UI у WPF — сучасний дизайн Windows 11","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui",{"title":1395,"path":1396,"stem":1397},"WPF UI — сучасна бібліотека Fluent контролів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library",{"title":1399,"path":1400,"stem":1401},"HandyControl — велика бібліотека UI контролів для WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library",{"title":1403,"path":1404,"stem":1405},"Простори імен та ресурси XAML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-namespaces-resources","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05.xaml-namespaces-resources",{"title":1407,"path":1408,"stem":1409},"XAML в Avalonia: ключові відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences",{"title":1411,"path":1412,"stem":1413},"Розширення розмітки XAML (Markup Extensions)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-markup-extensions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F06.xaml-markup-extensions",{"title":1415,"path":1416,"stem":1417},"Панелі Layout: StackPanel, WrapPanel, DockPanel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part1",{"title":1419,"path":1420,"stem":1421},"Grid, Canvas, UniformGrid","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part2",{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425},"Просунуті техніки Layout","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F08.layout-advanced",{"title":1427,"path":1428,"stem":1429},"Адаптивний Layout та найкращі практики","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-responsive","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09.layout-responsive",{"title":1431,"path":1432,"stem":1433},"Layout в Avalonia: відмінності та нові можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia",{"title":1435,"path":1436,"stem":1437},"Button, Image, ProgressBar та інші базові контроли","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fbasic-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10.basic-controls",{"title":1439,"path":1440,"stem":1441},"Контроли в Avalonia: відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia",{"title":1443,"path":1444,"stem":1445},"Текстові контроли — TextBlock, TextBox, RichTextBox","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftext-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F11.text-controls",{"title":1447,"path":1448,"stem":1449},"Контроли вибору — CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, ListBox, DatePicker","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fselection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F12.selection-controls",{"title":1451,"path":1452,"stem":1453},"Content Model — GroupBox, Expander, TabControl, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontent-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13.content-controls",{"title":1455,"path":1456,"stem":1457},"UI\u002FUX принципи десктопних застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles",{"title":1459,"path":1460,"stem":1461},"Dependency Properties — Концепція та Value Resolution","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdependency-properties-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14.dependency-properties-part1",{"title":1463,"path":1464,"stem":1465},"Avalonia Property System — StyledProperty та DirectProperty","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system",{"title":1467,"path":1468,"stem":1469},"Attached Properties — Властивості без меж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fattached-properties","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F15.attached-properties",{"title":1471,"path":1472,"stem":1473},"Routed Events — Маршрутизація подій у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Frouted-events","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F16.routed-events",{"title":1475,"path":1476,"stem":1477},"Data Binding — Від Code-Behind до Декларативності","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part1",{"title":1479,"path":1480,"stem":1481},"INotifyPropertyChanged — Живе оновлення UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part2",{"title":1483,"path":1484,"stem":1485},"Compiled Bindings в Avalonia — Безпека на етапі компіляції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings",{"title":1487,"path":1488,"stem":1489},"Просунутий Data Binding — ElementName, RelativeSource, MultiBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F18.data-binding-advanced",{"title":1491,"path":1492,"stem":1493},"Value Converters — Перетворення типів даних у Data Binding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fvalue-converters","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F19.value-converters",{"title":1495,"path":1496,"stem":1497},"Data Templates — Візуалізація об'єктів у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-templates","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F20.data-templates",{"title":1499,"path":1500,"stem":1501},"Collections Binding Part 1 — ObservableCollection та ItemsControl","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part1",{"title":1503,"path":1504,"stem":1505},"Collections Binding Part 2 — ICollectionView, Filtering, Sorting та Virtualization","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part2",{"title":1507,"path":1508,"stem":1509},"MVVM Pattern — Від Spaghetti Code до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F22.mvvm-pattern",{"title":1511,"path":1512,"stem":1513},"ViewModel Implementation — Від BaseViewModel до валідації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-implementation","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F23.viewmodel-implementation",{"title":1515,"path":1516,"stem":1517},"Commands — Від event handlers до декларативних команд","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcommands","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F24.commands",{"title":1519,"path":1520,"stem":1521},"MVVM Toolkit — MVVM без boilerplate через Source Generators","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-toolkit","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F25.mvvm-toolkit",{"title":1523,"path":1524,"stem":1525},"Messenger Pattern — Комунікація між ViewModel без прямих посилань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmessenger-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F26.messenger-pattern",{"title":1527,"path":1528,"stem":1529},"Стилі WPF — CSS для десктопу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fstyles-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27.styles-basics",{"title":1531,"path":1532,"stem":1533},"CSS-like стилі Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling",{"title":1535,"path":1536,"stem":1537},"Control Templates — Частина 1. Концепція та TemplateBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part1",{"title":1539,"path":1540,"stem":1541},"Control Templates — Частина 2. Named Parts та ContentPresenter","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part2",{"title":1543,"path":1544,"stem":1545},"Control Themes в Avalonia — нова ера стилізації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes",{"title":1547,"path":1548,"stem":1549},"Triggers та Visual State Manager у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftriggers-visual-states","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29.triggers-visual-states",{"title":1551,"path":1552,"stem":1553},"Pseudo-classes в Avalonia — замість WPF Triggers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes",{"title":1555,"path":1556,"stem":1557},"Теми та ресурсні словники у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fresources-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30.resources-themes",{"title":1559,"path":1560,"stem":1561},"Avalonia Themes — Fluent Design та система тематизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent",{"title":1563,"path":1564,"stem":1565},"Контроли колекцій — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F31.collection-controls",{"title":1567,"path":1568,"stem":1569},"DataGrid — колонки та базове відображення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part1",{"title":1571,"path":1572,"stem":1573},"DataGrid — сортування, фільтрація, редагування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part2",{"title":1575,"path":1576,"stem":1577},"TreeView та GridView","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftreeview-listview","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F33.treeview-listview",{"title":1579,"path":1580,"stem":1581},"Меню, Toolbar, ContextMenu, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmenus-toolbars","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F34.menus-toolbars",{"title":1583,"path":1584,"stem":1585},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 1: вікна та сторінки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part1",{"title":1587,"path":1588,"stem":1589},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 2: MVVM-навігація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part2",{"title":1591,"path":1592,"stem":1593},"Avalonia — Навігація та діалоги","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs",{"title":1595,"path":1596,"stem":1597},"Діалоги та File Pickers у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdialogs-file-pickers","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F36.dialogs-file-pickers",{"title":1599,"path":1600,"stem":1601},"UserControl: компонентний підхід у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fuser-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F37.user-controls",{"title":1603,"path":1604,"stem":1605},"Custom Controls: Lookless Controls у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcustom-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38.custom-controls",{"title":1607,"path":1608,"stem":1609},"Avalonia TemplatedControl — Lookless Controls","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls",{"title":1611,"path":1612,"stem":1613},"Анімації у WPF: Storyboard та Easing Functions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fanimations-transitions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39.animations-transitions",{"title":1615,"path":1616,"stem":1617},"Анімації в Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations",{"title":1619,"path":1620,"stem":1621},"2D Графіка та Мультимедіа у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmedia-graphics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F40.media-graphics",{"title":1623,"path":1624,"stem":1625},"Dependency Injection у WPF та Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdi-integration","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F41.di-integration",{"title":1627,"path":1628,"stem":1629},"SQLite та EF Core у десктопних додатках","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F42.data-persistence-part1",{"title":1631,"path":1632,"stem":1633},"Repository Pattern та Unit of Work","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F43.data-persistence-part2",{"title":1635,"path":1636,"stem":1637},"Тестування ViewModels","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44.viewmodel-testing",{"title":1639,"path":1640,"stem":1641},"Avalonia Headless Testing — тестування UI без вікон","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing",{"title":1643,"path":1644,"stem":1645},"Кросплатформна розробка з Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-cross-platform","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F45.avalonia-cross-platform",{"title":1647,"path":1648,"stem":1649},"Пакування та розгортання Avalonia додатків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F46.avalonia-packaging-deployment",{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},"Розгортання WPF застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F47.wpf-packaging-deployment",{"title":1655,"icon":658,"path":1656,"stem":1657,"children":1658,"page":59},"Network Programming","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming",[1659,1663,1667,1671,1675,1679,1683,1687,1691,1695,1699],{"title":1660,"path":1661,"stem":1662},"Основи комп'ютерних мереж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ffoundations","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F01.foundations",{"title":1664,"path":1665,"stem":1666},"Модель OSI та стек TCP\u002FIP","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fosi-model","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F02.osi-model",{"title":1668,"path":1669,"stem":1670},"IP-протокол та адресація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fip-addressing","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F03.ip-addressing",{"title":1672,"path":1673,"stem":1674},"UDP — протокол без з'єднання","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F05.udp",{"title":1676,"path":1677,"stem":1678},"UDP Broadcast та Multicast","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp-broadcast-multicast","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F06.udp-broadcast-multicast",{"title":1680,"path":1681,"stem":1682},"HTTP — протокол вебу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07.http-fundamentals",{"title":1684,"path":1685,"stem":1686},"HttpListener — вбудований HTTP-сервер .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002F07a.http-listener","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07a.http-listener",{"title":1688,"path":1689,"stem":1690},"HTTP Advanced — cookies, аутентифікація та HTTPS","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-advanced","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F08.http-advanced",{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},"SMTP та протоколи електронної пошти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fsmtp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F09.smtp",{"title":1696,"path":1697,"stem":1698},"WebSocket — повнодуплексний протокол реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F10.websockets",{"title":1700,"path":1701,"stem":1702},"TLS\u002FSSL — криптографічний захист мережевих з'єднань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ftls-ssl","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F11.tls-ssl",{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706},"C# & .NET: The Ultimate Roadmap","\u002Fcsharp\u002Froadmap","01.csharp\u002Froadmap",{"title":1708,"icon":1709,"path":1710,"stem":1711,"children":1712,"page":59},"C++","i-devicon-cplusplus","\u002Fcpp","02.cpp",[1713,1717,1721,1725,1729,1733,1737,1741,1745,1748,1752,1756,1760,1764,1768,1772,1776,1780,1784,1788,1792,1796,1800,1804,1808,1812,1816,1820,1824,1828,1832,1836,1840,1844,1848,1852,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880,1884,1888,1892,1896,1900,1904,1908],{"title":1714,"path":1715,"stem":1716},"Вступ у програмування та алгоритми","\u002Fcpp\u002Fintro-algorithms","02.cpp\u002F01.intro-algorithms",{"title":1718,"path":1719,"stem":1720},"Code Style: угоди про оформлення коду","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcode-style","02.cpp\u002F02.code-style",{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724},"Середовище розробки та перший проєкт","\u002Fcpp\u002Fide-setup","02.cpp\u002F03.ide-setup",{"title":1726,"path":1727,"stem":1728},"Вивід даних на екран","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-output","02.cpp\u002F04.data-output",{"title":1730,"path":1731,"stem":1732},"Типи даних, змінні та константи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-types-variables","02.cpp\u002F05.data-types-variables",{"title":1734,"path":1735,"stem":1736},"Ввід даних з клавіатури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-input","02.cpp\u002F06.data-input",{"title":1738,"path":1739,"stem":1740},"Оператори, перетворення типів та логічні операції","\u002Fcpp\u002Foperators-type-conversion","02.cpp\u002F07.operators-type-conversion",{"title":1742,"path":1743,"stem":1744},"Цикли","\u002Fcpp\u002Floops","02.cpp\u002F08.loops",{"title":32,"path":1746,"stem":1747},"\u002Fcpp\u002Farrays","02.cpp\u002F09.arrays",{"title":1749,"path":1750,"stem":1751},"Алгоритми сортування та аналіз складності","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsorting","02.cpp\u002F10.sorting",{"title":1753,"path":1754,"stem":1755},"Алгоритми пошуку","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsearching","02.cpp\u002F11.searching",{"title":1757,"path":1758,"stem":1759},"Функції: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-basics","02.cpp\u002F12.functions-basics",{"title":1761,"path":1762,"stem":1763},"Функції: прототипи, область видимості та додаткові можливості","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-scope","02.cpp\u002F13.functions-scope",{"title":1765,"path":1766,"stem":1767},"Функції: перевантаження та шаблони","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-overloading-templates","02.cpp\u002F14.functions-overloading-templates",{"title":1769,"path":1770,"stem":1771},"Вказівники: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-basics","02.cpp\u002F15.pointers-basics",{"title":1773,"path":1774,"stem":1775},"Посилання (References)","\u002Fcpp\u002Freferences","02.cpp\u002F16.references",{"title":1777,"path":1778,"stem":1779},"Вказівники, const і масиви","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-const-arrays","02.cpp\u002F17.pointers-const-arrays",{"title":1781,"path":1782,"stem":1783},"Адресна арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointer-arithmetic","02.cpp\u002F18.pointer-arithmetic",{"title":1785,"path":1786,"stem":1787},"Динамічна пам'ять","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdynamic-memory","02.cpp\u002F19.dynamic-memory",{"title":1789,"path":1790,"stem":1791},"Вказівники типу void","\u002Fcpp\u002Fvoid-pointers","02.cpp\u002F20.void-pointers",{"title":1793,"path":1794,"stem":1795},"Вказівники на вказівники","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-to-pointers","02.cpp\u002F21.pointers-to-pointers",{"title":1797,"path":1798,"stem":1799},"Оператор доступу до членів через вказівник (->)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmember-access-operator","02.cpp\u002F22.member-access-operator",{"title":1801,"path":1802,"stem":1803},"Цикл for-each (Range-based for)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fforeach-loop","02.cpp\u002F23.foreach-loop",{"title":1805,"path":1806,"stem":1807},"Вказівники на функції","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunction-pointers","02.cpp\u002F24.function-pointers",{"title":1809,"path":1810,"stem":1811},"Лямбда-вирази","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambdas","02.cpp\u002F25.lambdas",{"title":1813,"path":1814,"stem":1815},"Лямбда-захоплення","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambda-captures","02.cpp\u002F26.lambda-captures",{"title":1817,"path":1818,"stem":1819},"Еліпсис","\u002Fcpp\u002Fellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27.ellipsis",{"title":1821,"path":1822,"stem":1823},"Безпечні альтернативи еліпсису","\u002Fcpp\u002F27a.ellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27a.ellipsis",{"title":1825,"path":1826,"stem":1827},"Аргументи командного рядка","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcommand-line-arguments","02.cpp\u002F28.command-line-arguments",{"title":1829,"path":1830,"stem":1831},"Перерахування (enum)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum","02.cpp\u002F29.enum",{"title":1833,"path":1834,"stem":1835},"Класи-перерахування (enum class)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum-class","02.cpp\u002F30.enum-class",{"title":1837,"path":1838,"stem":1839},"Псевдоніми типів (typedef і using)","\u002Fcpp\u002Ftype-aliases","02.cpp\u002F31.type-aliases",{"title":1841,"path":1842,"stem":1843},"Системи числення та двійкова арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fnumber-systems","02.cpp\u002F32.number-systems",{"title":1845,"path":1846,"stem":1847},"Структури (struct): агрегування даних","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct","02.cpp\u002F33.struct",{"title":1849,"path":1850,"stem":1851},"Структури у функціях","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-functions","02.cpp\u002F34.struct-functions",{"title":1853,"path":1854,"stem":1855},"Масиви структур і вкладені структури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-arrays","02.cpp\u002F35.struct-arrays",{"title":1857,"path":1858,"stem":1859},"Патерни struct та межі застосування","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-patterns","02.cpp\u002F36.struct-patterns",{"title":1861,"path":1862,"stem":1863},"Символи та таблиця ASCII","\u002Fcpp\u002Fascii-characters","02.cpp\u002F37.ascii-characters",{"title":1865,"path":1866,"stem":1867},"Unicode та кодування UTF","\u002Fcpp\u002Funicode-utf","02.cpp\u002F38.unicode-utf",{"title":1869,"path":1870,"stem":1871},"C-style рядки","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-strings","02.cpp\u002F39.c-strings",{"title":1873,"path":1874,"stem":1875},"Вступ до std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-intro","02.cpp\u002F40.std-string-intro",{"title":1877,"path":1878,"stem":1879},"Довжина, ємність та доступ до символів std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-capacity-access","02.cpp\u002F41.std-string-capacity-access",{"title":1881,"path":1882,"stem":1883},"Модифікація std::string: присвоювання, додавання, вставка, видалення та заміна","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-modification","02.cpp\u002F42.std-string-modification",{"title":1885,"path":1886,"stem":1887},"Пошук у std::string: find, npos та практичні патерни","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-search","02.cpp\u002F43.std-string-search",{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891},"std::string_view: невласницький погляд на рядок без копіювання","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-view","02.cpp\u002F44.std-string-view",{"title":1893,"path":1894,"stem":1895},"Об'єднання (union): один блок пам'яті, кілька інтерпретацій","\u002Fcpp\u002Funion","02.cpp\u002F45.union",{"title":1897,"path":1898,"stem":1899},"Організація коду: файли, препроцесор, простори імен","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmultifile-programs","02.cpp\u002F46.multifile-programs",{"title":1901,"path":1902,"stem":1903},"Робота з файлами: C-стиль (stdio.h)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-style-files","02.cpp\u002F47.c-style-files",{"title":1905,"path":1906,"stem":1907},"Робота з файлами: C++-стиль (fstream)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcpp-style-files","02.cpp\u002F48.cpp-style-files",{"title":1909,"path":1910,"stem":1911},"План навчання: Курс C++ — Продовження (Статті 29–60+)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcurriculum-plan","02.cpp\u002Fcurriculum-plan",{"title":1913,"icon":1914,"path":1915,"stem":1916,"children":1917,"page":59},"JavaScript","i-devicon-javascript","\u002Fjavascript","03.javascript",[1918,1944,1998,2020,2324,2362],{"title":1919,"icon":1920,"path":1921,"stem":1922,"children":1923,"page":59},"Events","i-lucide-mouse-pointer-click","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents","03.javascript\u002F01.events",[1924,1928,1932,1936,1940],{"title":1925,"path":1926,"stem":1927},"Вступ до подій браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fintro","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F01.intro",{"title":1929,"path":1930,"stem":1931},"Бульбашковий механізм (Bubbling) та занурення (Capturing)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fbubbling-capturing","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F02.bubbling-capturing",{"title":1933,"path":1934,"stem":1935},"Делегування подій (Event Delegation)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fdelegate-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F03.delegate-events",{"title":1937,"path":1938,"stem":1939},"Типові дії браузера та preventDefault()","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fprevent-default","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F04.prevent-default",{"title":1941,"path":1942,"stem":1943},"Запуск користувацьких подій (Custom Events)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fcustom-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F05.custom-events",{"title":1945,"icon":1946,"path":1947,"stem":1948,"children":1949,"page":59},"Network","i-lucide-globe","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork","03.javascript\u002F02.network",[1950,1954,1958,1962,1966,1970,1974,1978,1982,1986,1990,1994],{"title":1951,"path":1952,"stem":1953},"Fetch API - Сучасний підхід до HTTP-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F01-fetch-api","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F01-fetch-api",{"title":1955,"path":1956,"stem":1957},"FormData - Робота з формами та файлами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F02-formdata","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F02-formdata",{"title":1959,"path":1960,"stem":1961},"Відстеження прогресу завантаження","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F03-download-progress","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F03-download-progress",{"title":1963,"path":1964,"stem":1965},"Переривання fetch-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F04-abort-requests","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F04-abort-requests",{"title":1967,"path":1968,"stem":1969},"CORS - Запити між різними джерелами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F05-cors","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F05-cors",{"title":1971,"path":1972,"stem":1973},"Fetch API - Повний довідник опцій","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F06-fetch-options","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F06-fetch-options",{"title":1975,"path":1976,"stem":1977},"URL Objects - Робота з посиланнями","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F07-url-objects","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F07-url-objects",{"title":1979,"path":1980,"stem":1981},"XMLHttpRequest - AJAX та низькорівневі запити","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F08-xmlhttprequest","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F08-xmlhttprequest",{"title":1983,"path":1984,"stem":1985},"Відновлюване завантаження файлів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F09-resumable-upload","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F09-resumable-upload",{"title":1987,"path":1988,"stem":1989},"Cookies, document.cookie та світ після \"Cookiepocalypse\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F10-cookies","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F10-cookies",{"title":1991,"path":1992,"stem":1993},"js-cookie: Керування Cookies без Болю","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F11-js-cookie","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F11-js-cookie",{"title":1995,"path":1996,"stem":1997},"Axios: Потужний HTTP-клієнт для JavaScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F12-axios","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F12-axios",{"title":1999,"icon":2000,"path":2001,"stem":2002,"children":2003,"page":59},"Bom","i-lucide-monitor","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom","03.javascript\u002F03.bom",[2004,2008,2012,2016],{"title":2005,"path":2006,"stem":2007},"LocalStorage, SessionStorage та patterns збереження даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F01-localstorage","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F01-localstorage",{"title":2009,"path":2010,"stem":2011},"Location Object - Керування адресою сторінки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F02-location-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F02-location-object",{"title":2013,"path":2014,"stem":2015},"History API - Керування історією браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F03-history-api","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F03-history-api",{"title":2017,"path":2018,"stem":2019},"Navigator Object - Ідентифікація та Можливості Пристрою","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F04-navigator-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F04-navigator-object",{"title":2021,"icon":2022,"path":2023,"stem":2024,"children":2025},"React","i-devicon-react","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002Findex",[2026,2027,2031,2035,2039,2043,2106,2141,2293],{"title":2021,"path":2023,"stem":2024},{"title":2028,"path":2029,"stem":2030},"Робота з Формами в React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F01.react-forms",{"title":2032,"path":2033,"stem":2034},"React Hook Form: Професійна Робота з Формами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form",{"title":2036,"path":2037,"stem":2038},"React Hook Form: Глибоке Розуміння Архітектури та Оптимізації","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form-new","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form-new",{"title":2040,"path":2041,"stem":2042},"Axios та React: Професійна Архітектура Запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fdata-fetching-axios","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F03.data-fetching-axios",{"title":2044,"icon":132,"path":2045,"stem":2046,"children":2047},"Tanstack Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002Findex",[2048,2050,2054,2058,2062,2066,2070,2074,2078,2082,2086,2090,2094,2098,2102],{"title":2049,"path":2045,"stem":2046},"TanStack Query: Майстерність Керування Станом Сервера",{"title":2051,"path":2052,"stem":2053},"Парадигма Server State: Чому useEffect недостатньо","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-state-paradigm","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F01.server-state-paradigm",{"title":2055,"path":2056,"stem":2057},"Встановлення та Налаштування: Фундамент","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Finstallation-and-devtools","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F02.installation-and-devtools",{"title":2059,"path":2060,"stem":2061},"Основи Запитів та Магія Ключів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fquery-basics-and-keys","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F03.query-basics-and-keys",{"title":2063,"path":2064,"stem":2065},"Синхронізація Даних: Життєвий Цикл Запиту","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fdata-synchronization","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F04.data-synchronization",{"title":2067,"path":2068,"stem":2069},"Мутації та Інвалідація: Зміна Даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fmutations-and-invalidation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F05.mutations-and-invalidation",{"title":2071,"path":2072,"stem":2073},"Оптимістичні Оновлення: Швидше за Світло","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2075,"path":2076,"stem":2077},"Пагінація та Infinite Scroll","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fpagination-and-load-more","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F07.pagination-and-load-more",{"title":2079,"path":2080,"stem":2081},"Просунуті Патерни та Оптимізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F08.advanced-patterns",{"title":2083,"path":2084,"stem":2085},"Архітектура та Best Practices","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Farchitecture-and-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F09.architecture-and-best-practices",{"title":2087,"path":2088,"stem":2089},"Server-Side Rendering (SSR) та Гідратація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-side-rendering","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F10.server-side-rendering",{"title":2091,"path":2092,"stem":2093},"Стратегії Тестування","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Ftesting-strategies","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F11.testing-strategies",{"title":2095,"path":2096,"stem":2097},"Аутентифікація та Обробка Помилок","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fauthentication-and-errors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F12.authentication-and-errors",{"title":2099,"path":2100,"stem":2101},"React Suspense та Майбутнє","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Freact-suspense","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F13.react-suspense",{"title":2103,"path":2104,"stem":2105},"Глибоке Занурення в Продуктивність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fperformance-deep-dive","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F14.performance-deep-dive",{"title":2107,"icon":2022,"path":2108,"stem":2109,"children":2110},"React Router","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002Findex",[2111,2113,2117,2121,2125,2129,2133,2137],{"title":2112,"path":2108,"stem":2109},"React Router: Навігаційна система сучасного вебу",{"title":2114,"path":2115,"stem":2116},"Налаштування та Базовий Роутинг","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fsetup-and-basic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F01.setup-and-basic-routing",{"title":2118,"path":2119,"stem":2120},"Динамічна Навігація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnavigation-and-links","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F02.navigation-and-links",{"title":2122,"path":2123,"stem":2124},"Вкладені Маршрути та Макети","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnested-routes-and-layouts","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F03.nested-routes-and-layouts",{"title":2126,"path":2127,"stem":2128},"Динамічні Маршрути та Параметри","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdynamic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F04.dynamic-routing",{"title":2130,"path":2131,"stem":2132},"Data APIs: Loaders та Actions","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdata-loading","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F05.data-loading",{"title":2134,"path":2135,"stem":2136},"Просунуті Патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F06.advanced-patterns",{"title":2138,"path":2139,"stem":2140},"Legacy Routing: Компонентний підхід","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Flegacy-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F07.legacy-routing",{"title":2142,"icon":132,"path":2143,"stem":2144,"children":2145},"Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002Findex",[2146,2148,2164,2193,2202,2223,2239,2268],{"title":2147,"path":2143,"stem":2144},"Redux: Еволюція управління станом",{"title":14,"icon":15,"path":2149,"stem":2150,"children":2151,"page":59},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals",[2152,2156,2160],{"title":2153,"path":2154,"stem":2155},"Вступ до State Management","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fintro-state-management","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F01.intro-state-management",{"title":2157,"path":2158,"stem":2159},"Філософія Redux та Три Принципи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fredux-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F02.redux-philosophy",{"title":2161,"path":2162,"stem":2163},"Чисті функції та Іммутабельність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fpure-functions-immutability","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F03.pure-functions-immutability",{"title":2165,"icon":132,"path":2166,"stem":2167,"children":2168,"page":59},"Classic Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux",[2169,2173,2177,2181,2185,2189],{"title":2170,"path":2171,"stem":2172},"Створення Store (Classic Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fstore-setup","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F01.store-setup",{"title":2174,"path":2175,"stem":2176},"Actions, Constants та Action Creators","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Factions-constants","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F02.actions-constants",{"title":2178,"path":2179,"stem":2180},"Логіка Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F03.reducers",{"title":2182,"path":2183,"stem":2184},"Комбінування Reducers (Root Reducer)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fdata-flow","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F04.data-flow",{"title":2186,"path":2187,"stem":2188},"Підключення до React (React-Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freact-redux-connection","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F05.react-redux-connection",{"title":2190,"path":2191,"stem":2192},"Middleware та Асинхронність (Redux Thunk)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fmiddleware-thunk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F06.middleware-thunk",{"title":2194,"icon":132,"path":2195,"stem":2196,"children":2197,"page":59},"Transition To Rtk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk",[2198],{"title":2199,"path":2200,"stem":2201},"Проблеми класичного Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk\u002Fproblems-with-classic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk\u002F01.problems-with-classic",{"title":2203,"icon":132,"path":2204,"stem":2205,"children":2206,"page":59},"Redux Toolkit","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit",[2207,2211,2215,2219],{"title":2208,"path":2209,"stem":2210},"Налаштування Store з configureStore","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fconfigure-store","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F01.configure-store",{"title":2212,"path":2213,"stem":2214},"createSlice: Революція в Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fcreate-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F02.create-slice",{"title":2216,"path":2217,"stem":2218},"Асинхронність з createAsyncThunk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fasync-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F03.async-thunks",{"title":2220,"path":2221,"stem":2222},"04. Entity Adapter: Керування нормалізованим станом","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fentity-adapter","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F04.entity-adapter",{"title":2224,"icon":92,"path":2225,"stem":2226,"children":2227,"page":59},"Advanced","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced",[2228,2232,2236],{"title":2229,"path":2230,"stem":2231},"Мемоізація та Селектори: Повний Гайд по Reselect","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Fselectors-reselect","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F01.selectors-reselect",{"title":2233,"path":2234,"stem":2235},"RTK Query: Архітектура Серверного Кешу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Frtk-query-intro","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F02.rtk-query-intro",{"title":2083,"path":2237,"stem":2238},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Farchitecture-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F03.architecture-best-practices",{"title":2240,"icon":132,"path":2241,"stem":2242,"children":2243,"page":59},"Project Kanban","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban",[2244,2248,2252,2256,2260,2264],{"title":2245,"path":2246,"stem":2247},"Проєкт: Kanban Board (Trello Clone)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fproject-overview","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F01.project-overview",{"title":2249,"path":2250,"stem":2251},"Налаштування та Типізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fsetup-and-types","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F02.setup-and-types",{"title":2253,"path":2254,"stem":2255},"Board Slice: Серце Дошки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fboard-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F03.board-slice",{"title":2257,"path":2258,"stem":2259},"Логіка Drag & Drop","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fdrag-and-drop-logic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F04.drag-and-drop-logic",{"title":2261,"path":2262,"stem":2263},"Інтеграція з RTK Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Frtk-query-integration","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F05.rtk-query-integration",{"title":2265,"path":2266,"stem":2267},"Optimistic Updates","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2269,"icon":132,"path":2270,"stem":2271,"children":2272,"page":59},"Testing","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing",[2273,2277,2281,2285,2289],{"title":2274,"path":2275,"stem":2276},"Тестування Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Fintro-testing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F01.intro-testing",{"title":2278,"path":2279,"stem":2280},"Тестування Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-reducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-reducers",{"title":2282,"path":2283,"stem":2284},"Тестування Селекторів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-selectors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-selectors",{"title":2286,"path":2287,"stem":2288},"Тестування Компонентів (Integration)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-components","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F04.testing-components",{"title":2290,"path":2291,"stem":2292},"Тестування Async Thunks","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F05.testing-thunks",{"title":2294,"icon":132,"path":2295,"stem":2296,"children":2297},"Ui Libraries","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002Findex",[2298,2300,2304,2308,2312,2316,2320],{"title":2299,"path":2295,"stem":2296},"UI Бібліотеки в React",{"title":2301,"path":2302,"stem":2303},"Вступ до UI Бібліотек: Навіщо Винаходити Велосипед Двічі?","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fintroduction-to-ui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F01.introduction-to-ui-libraries",{"title":2305,"path":2306,"stem":2307},"Філософія shadcn\u002Fui: \"Not a Component Library\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F02.shadcn-philosophy",{"title":2309,"path":2310,"stem":2311},"Установка та Налаштування shadcn\u002Fui","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-installation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F03.shadcn-installation",{"title":2313,"path":2314,"stem":2315},"Базові Компоненти shadcn\u002Fui: Фундамент Інтерфейсу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-basics","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F04.shadcn-components-basics",{"title":2317,"path":2318,"stem":2319},"Компоненти Форм: Побудова Інтерактивних Form","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F05.shadcn-components-forms",{"title":2321,"path":2322,"stem":2323},"Складні Компоненти: Dialog, Dropdown, Table та Command","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-advanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F06.shadcn-components-advanced",{"title":2325,"icon":2326,"path":2327,"stem":2328,"children":2329,"page":59},"TypeScript","i-devicon-typescript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript",[2330,2334,2338,2342,2346,2350,2354,2358],{"title":2331,"path":2332,"stem":2333},"TypeScript: Броня для вашого коду","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fintro-and-basic-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F01.intro-and-basic-types",{"title":2335,"path":2336,"stem":2337},"Майстерність Моделювання Даних: Інтерфейси та Просунуті Типи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Finterfaces-and-advanced-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F02.interfaces-and-advanced-types",{"title":2339,"path":2340,"stem":2341},"Алхімія Типів: Generics та Utility Types","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fgenerics-and-utilities","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F03.generics-and-utilities",{"title":2343,"path":2344,"stem":2345},"Архітектура та Шаблони: Класи в TypeScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fclasses-and-oop","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F04.classes-and-oop",{"title":2347,"path":2348,"stem":2349},"Продакшн та Екосистема: Advanced Config & Workflow","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fadvanced-patterns-and-config","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F05.advanced-patterns-and-config",{"title":2351,"path":2352,"stem":2353},"TypeScript у світі React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-basics","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F06.react-basics",{"title":2355,"path":2356,"stem":2357},"React + TypeScript: Продвинуті патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-advanced","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F07.react-advanced",{"title":2359,"path":2360,"stem":2361},"React + TypeScript: Екосистема та бібліотеки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-ecosystem","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F08.react-ecosystem",{"title":2363,"path":2364,"stem":2365},"Atomic Design","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fatomic-design","03.javascript\u002F2.atomic-design",{"title":2367,"icon":2368,"path":2369,"stem":2370,"children":2371,"page":59},"Java","i-devicon-java","\u002Fjava","04.java",[2372,2375,2378,2382,2386,2390,2394],{"title":162,"path":2373,"stem":2374},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part1","04.java\u002F01.data-mapper-part1",{"title":166,"path":2376,"stem":2377},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part2","04.java\u002F02.data-mapper-part2",{"title":2379,"path":2380,"stem":2381},"Service Layer: Організація бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fservice-layer","04.java\u002F03.service-layer",{"title":2383,"path":2384,"stem":2385},"Rich Domain Model та State Pattern","\u002Fjava\u002Frich-domain-model","04.java\u002F04.rich-domain-model",{"title":2387,"path":2388,"stem":2389},"Патерни для складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fbusiness-logic-patterns","04.java\u002F05.business-logic-patterns",{"title":2391,"path":2392,"stem":2393},"Обробка помилок та валідація","\u002Fjava\u002Ferror-handling-validation","04.java\u002F06.error-handling-validation",{"title":2395,"path":2396,"stem":2397,"children":2398,"page":59},"Проектування баз даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2","04.java\u002Fpr2",[2399,2403,2407,2411,2415,2419,2423,2427,2431,2435,2439,2443,2447,2451,2455,2459,2463,2467,2471,2475,2479,2483,2487,2491,2495,2499,2503,2507,2511,2515,2519,2523,2527,2531,2535,2539,2543],{"title":2400,"path":2401,"stem":2402},"Концептуальне моделювання: Мистецтво розуміння предметної області","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconceptual-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F01.conceptual-modeling",{"title":2404,"path":2405,"stem":2406},"Логічне моделювання: Від бізнес-ідей до структур даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Flogical-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F02.logical-modeling",{"title":2408,"path":2409,"stem":2410},"Нормалізація: Гігієна даних та боротьба з аномаліями","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fnormalization","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F03.normalization",{"title":2412,"path":2413,"stem":2414},"Фізична схема: Від абстракції до DDL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fphysical-schema","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F04.physical-schema",{"title":2416,"path":2417,"stem":2418},"Архітектурна класифікація таблиць","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-classification","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2420,"path":2421,"stem":2422},"Database Migrations: Версіонування схеми з Flyway","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdatabase-migrations","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F06.database-migrations",{"title":2424,"path":2425,"stem":2426},"А що, якби це була не реляційна БД?","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fbeyond-relational","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F07.beyond-relational",{"title":2428,"path":2429,"stem":2430},"Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch: Два світи, що не хочуть дружити","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fimpedance-mismatch","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F09.impedance-mismatch",{"title":2432,"path":2433,"stem":2434},"JDBC: Перший контакт із базою даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjdbc-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10.jdbc-fundamentals",{"title":2436,"path":2437,"stem":2438},"Якість коду: Spotless, SpotBugs та SonarQube","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality",{"title":2440,"path":2441,"stem":2442},"Connection Pool: Патерн Object Pool для JDBC-з'єднань","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconnection-pool","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F11.connection-pool",{"title":2444,"path":2445,"stem":2446},"Row Data Gateway: Об'єкт як обгортка рядка таблиці","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frow-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F12.row-data-gateway",{"title":2448,"path":2449,"stem":2450},"Table Data Gateway: Фасад таблиці як архітектурний відступ","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F13.table-data-gateway",{"title":2452,"path":2453,"stem":2454},"Repository + Data Mapper: Правильна шарова архітектура з JDBC","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frepository-data-mapper","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F14.repository-data-mapper",{"title":2456,"path":2457,"stem":2458},"Identity Map: Кешування сутностей у рамках сесії","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fidentity-map","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F15.identity-map",{"title":2460,"path":2461,"stem":2462},"Unit of Work: Відстеження змін і координація JDBC-транзакцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Funit-of-work","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F16.unit-of-work",{"title":2464,"path":2465,"stem":2466},"Strategy: Замінювані SQL-стратегії для підтримки різних СУБД","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fstrategy-sql","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F17.strategy-sql",{"title":2468,"path":2469,"stem":2470},"Proxy: Lazy Loading для One-To-Many колекцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fproxy-lazy-loading","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F18.proxy-lazy-loading",{"title":2472,"path":2473,"stem":2474},"Generic Repository через Java Reflection: анотації та динамічний SQL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fgeneric-repository-reflection","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F19.generic-repository-reflection",{"title":2476,"path":2477,"stem":2478},"Specification Pattern: Композиція бізнес-правил для складних запитів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fspecification-pattern","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20.specification-pattern",{"title":2480,"path":2481,"stem":2482},"Розширені можливості Specification Pattern: підзапити, агрегації та гібридний підхід","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications",{"title":2484,"path":2485,"stem":2486},"Асинхронність у JDBC: Від блокуючих викликів до CompletableFuture","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fasynchronous-jdbc","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F21.asynchronous-jdbc",{"title":2488,"path":2489,"stem":2490},"Інтеграційне тестування JDBC-репозиторіїв: Embedded H2 та патерн AAA","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-h2","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F22.integration-testing-h2",{"title":2492,"path":2493,"stem":2494},"Testcontainers: Тестування з реальною PostgreSQL у Docker-контейнерах","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-testcontainers","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F23.integration-testing-testcontainers",{"title":2496,"path":2497,"stem":2498},"Google Guice: Впровадження залежностей у JavaFX-проєкті","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdependency-injection-guice","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F24.dependency-injection-guice",{"title":2500,"path":2501,"stem":2502},"JavaFX: Основи побудови графічних інтерфейсів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F25.javafx-fundamentals",{"title":2504,"path":2505,"stem":2506},"Properties та Bindings: Реактивність у JavaFX","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-properties-bindings","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F26.javafx-properties-bindings",{"title":2508,"path":2509,"stem":2510},"MVC vs MVP vs MVVM: Еволюція архітектурних патернів UI","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fui-architecture-patterns","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F27.ui-architecture-patterns",{"title":2512,"path":2513,"stem":2514},"MVVM на практиці: Побудова ViewModel","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-viewmodel-implementation","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F28.mvvm-viewmodel-implementation",{"title":2516,"path":2517,"stem":2518},"View та Controller: Зв'язування з ViewModel через FXML","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-view-controller","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F29.mvvm-view-controller",{"title":2520,"path":2521,"stem":2522},"Інтеграція MVVM з Guice: Автоматична ін'єкція залежностей","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-guice-integration","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F30.mvvm-guice-integration",{"title":2524,"path":2525,"stem":2526},"Валідація та обробка помилок у MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-validation-error-handling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F31.mvvm-validation-error-handling",{"title":2528,"path":2529,"stem":2530},"Навігація та управління екранами у JavaFX MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-navigation-screen-management","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F32.mvvm-navigation-screen-management",{"title":2532,"path":2533,"stem":2534},"Тестування JavaFX MVVM-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-testing","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F33.mvvm-testing",{"title":2536,"path":2537,"stem":2538},"Стилізація та теми у JavaFX: CSS та User Experience","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-styling-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F34.javafx-styling-themes",{"title":2540,"path":2541,"stem":2542},"AtlantaFX: Сучасні теми для JavaFX додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fatlantafx-modern-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F35.atlantafx-modern-themes",{"title":2544,"path":2545,"stem":2546},"Пакування та розповсюдження JavaFX-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjar-packaging-distribution","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F36.jar-packaging-distribution",{"title":2548,"icon":2549,"path":2550,"stem":2551,"children":2552,"page":59},"Python","i-devicon-python","\u002Fpython","05.python",[2553,2557,2560,2564,2568,2572,2576,2580,2584,2588,2592,2596,2600,2604,2608,2669],{"title":2554,"path":2555,"stem":2556},"Модулі, Пакети та Віртуальні Середовища","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodules-packages-venv","05.python\u002F00.modules-packages-venv",{"title":71,"path":2558,"stem":2559},"\u002Fpython\u002Fclasses-objects","05.python\u002F01.classes-objects",{"title":2561,"path":2562,"stem":2563},"Інкапсуляція, Керування Доступом та Властивості","\u002Fpython\u002Fencapsulation","05.python\u002F02.encapsulation",{"title":2565,"path":2566,"stem":2567},"Наслідування, MRO та суперсила super()","\u002Fpython\u002Finheritance-mro","05.python\u002F03.inheritance-mro",{"title":2569,"path":2570,"stem":2571},"Абстракція — ABC проти Статичних Протоколів (PEP 544)","\u002Fpython\u002Fabstraction-protocols","05.python\u002F04.abstraction-protocols",{"title":2573,"path":2574,"stem":2575},"Магічні методи (Dunder) та Емуляція протоколів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdunder-methods","05.python\u002F05.dunder-methods",{"title":2577,"path":2578,"stem":2579},"Декоратори та Керування життєвим циклом методів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdecorators-static-class","05.python\u002F06.decorators-static-class",{"title":2581,"path":2582,"stem":2583},"Дескриптори — Магія доступу до атрибутів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdescriptors","05.python\u002F07.descriptors",{"title":2585,"path":2586,"stem":2587},"Метакласи — Динамічне створення класів під капотом CPython","\u002Fpython\u002Fmetaclasses","05.python\u002F08.metaclasses",{"title":2589,"path":2590,"stem":2591},"Dataclasses, NamedTuple та сучасні контейнери Python","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodern-containers","05.python\u002F09.modern-containers",{"title":2593,"path":2594,"stem":2595},"GIL та модель конкурентності CPython — фундамент перед потоками і процесами","\u002Fpython\u002Fgil-concurrency-intro","05.python\u002F11.gil-concurrency-intro",{"title":2597,"path":2598,"stem":2599},"Threading — конкурентність для I\u002FO-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fthreading","05.python\u002F12.threading",{"title":2601,"path":2602,"stem":2603},"Multiprocessing — справжній паралелізм для CPU-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fmultiprocessing","05.python\u002F13.multiprocessing",{"title":2605,"path":2606,"stem":2607},"asyncio — кооперативна конкурентність та event loop","\u002Fpython\u002Fasyncio","05.python\u002F14.asyncio",{"title":2609,"icon":92,"path":2610,"stem":2611,"children":2612,"page":59},"FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi","05.python\u002Ffastapi",[2613,2617,2621,2625,2629,2633,2637,2641,2645,2649,2653,2657,2661,2665],{"title":2614,"path":2615,"stem":2616},"Глибокий Typing та Pydantic v2 — від анотацій до валідації","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ftyping-pydantic","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F15.typing-pydantic",{"title":2618,"path":2619,"stem":2620},"WSGI, ASGI та Python Web-екосистема","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fwsgi-asgi-ecosystem","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F16.wsgi-asgi-ecosystem",{"title":2622,"path":2623,"stem":2624},"FastAPI: Перший додаток, Uvicorn та OpenAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-intro","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F17.fastapi-intro",{"title":2626,"path":2627,"stem":2628},"Маршрутизація, параметри запитів та APIRouter","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-routing-params","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F18.fastapi-routing-params",{"title":2630,"path":2631,"stem":2632},"Pydantic v2 у FastAPI — схеми, валідація та серіалізація","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-pydantic-schemas","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F19.fastapi-pydantic-schemas",{"title":2634,"path":2635,"stem":2636},"Dependency Injection — серце архітектури FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-dependency-injection","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F20.fastapi-dependency-injection",{"title":2638,"path":2639,"stem":2640},"Обробка помилок, Middleware та CORS у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-errors-middleware","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F21.fastapi-errors-middleware",{"title":2642,"path":2643,"stem":2644},"SQLAlchemy 2.0 — ORM, Core та Async Engine","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fsqlalchemy-orm","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F22.sqlalchemy-orm",{"title":2646,"path":2647,"stem":2648},"Alembic — міграції бази даних","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Falembic-migrations","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F23.alembic-migrations",{"title":2650,"path":2651,"stem":2652},"Repository Pattern та Clean Architecture у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-repository-clean-arch","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F24.fastapi-repository-clean-arch",{"title":2654,"path":2655,"stem":2656},"Автентифікація та авторизація — JWT, OAuth2, RBAC","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-auth-security","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F25.fastapi-auth-security",{"title":2658,"path":2659,"stem":2660},"Тестування FastAPI — pytest, httpx, fixtures","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-testing","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F26.fastapi-testing",{"title":2662,"path":2663,"stem":2664},"Async на повну — Background Tasks, WebSockets, SSE та Celery","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-async-advanced","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F27.fastapi-async-advanced",{"title":2666,"path":2667,"stem":2668},"Deployment — Docker, CI\u002FCD, Monitoring","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-deployment","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F28.fastapi-deployment",{"title":2670,"path":2671,"stem":2672},"[object Object]","\u002Fpython\u002Foop-plan","05.python\u002Foop-plan",{"title":2674,"icon":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677,"children":2678,"page":59},"Бази даних","i-lucide-database","\u002Fdatabases","06.databases",[2679,2709,2732,2769,2798,2816,2850,2862,2871],{"title":2680,"icon":2681,"path":2682,"stem":2683,"children":2684,"page":59},"Intro","i-lucide-play","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro","06.databases\u002F01.intro",[2685,2689,2693,2697,2701,2705],{"title":2686,"path":2687,"stem":2688},"Введення в теорію баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fintroduction-to-databases","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F01.introduction-to-databases",{"title":2690,"path":2691,"stem":2692},"Реляційна модель даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Frelational-model-theory","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F02.relational-model-theory",{"title":2694,"path":2695,"stem":2696},"ER-моделювання","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fer-modeling","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F03.er-modeling",{"title":2698,"path":2699,"stem":2700},"Логічне проектування БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Flogical-schema","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F04.logical-schema",{"title":2702,"path":2703,"stem":2704},"Класифікація таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Ftable-classification","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2706,"path":2707,"stem":2708},"PlantUML для баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fplantuml-diagrams","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F06.plantuml-diagrams",{"title":2710,"icon":2675,"path":2711,"stem":2712,"children":2713,"page":59},"MS SQL Server Start","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start",[2714,2718,2724,2728],{"title":2715,"path":2716,"stem":2717},"Типи даних у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fdata-types","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F01.data-types",{"title":2719,"path":2720,"stem":2721,"children":2722},"Індекси у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-indexes","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F02.sql-indexes",[2723],{"title":2719,"path":2720,"stem":2721},{"title":2725,"path":2726,"stem":2727},"Системні бази даних MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsystem-databases","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F03.system-databases",{"title":2729,"path":2730,"stem":2731},"Огляд мови SQL та запитів","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-queries-overview","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F04.sql-queries-overview",{"title":2733,"icon":2675,"path":2734,"stem":2735,"children":2736,"page":59},"SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql","06.databases\u002F03.sql",[2737,2741,2745,2749,2753,2757,2761,2765],{"title":2738,"path":2739,"stem":2740},"Налаштування демонстраційної бази даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fsample-database-setup","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F00.sample-database-setup",{"title":2742,"path":2743,"stem":2744},"DDL - Створення таблиць (CREATE TABLE)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-create-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F01.ddl-create-table",{"title":2746,"path":2747,"stem":2748},"DDL - Зміна та видалення таблиць (ALTER, DROP)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-alter-drop-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F02.ddl-alter-drop-table",{"title":2750,"path":2751,"stem":2752},"SELECT запити - Основи","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-fundamentals","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F03.select-queries-fundamentals",{"title":2754,"path":2755,"stem":2756},"SELECT запити - Розширені можливості","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-advanced","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F04.select-queries-advanced",{"title":2758,"path":2759,"stem":2760},"INSERT запити - Додавання даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Finsert-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F05.insert-queries",{"title":2762,"path":2763,"stem":2764},"UPDATE та DELETE запити","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fupdate-delete-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F06.update-delete-queries",{"title":2766,"path":2767,"stem":2768},"Транзакції в SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F07.transactions",{"title":2770,"icon":2675,"path":2771,"stem":2772,"children":2773,"page":59},"Multi Table Databases","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases",[2774,2778,2782,2786,2790,2794],{"title":2775,"path":2776,"stem":2777},"Зв'язки та нормалізація БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Frelationships-and-normalization","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F00.relationships-and-normalization",{"title":2779,"path":2780,"stem":2781},"INNER JOIN - З'єднання таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Finner-join","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F01.inner-join",{"title":2783,"path":2784,"stem":2785},"OUTER JOINs - LEFT, RIGHT, FULL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fouter-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F02.outer-joins",{"title":2787,"path":2788,"stem":2789},"CROSS та SELF JOINs","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fcross-self-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F03.cross-self-joins",{"title":2791,"path":2792,"stem":2793},"Підзапити (Subqueries)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fsubqueries","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F04.subqueries",{"title":2795,"path":2796,"stem":2797},"Агрегації з JOIN","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Faggregations-with-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F05.aggregations-with-joins",{"title":2799,"icon":2800,"path":2801,"stem":2802,"children":2803,"page":59},"Aggregate Functions","i-lucide-calculator","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions",[2804,2808,2812],{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},"Функції агрегування в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fintroduction-aggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F01.introduction-aggregate-functions",{"title":2809,"path":2810,"stem":2811},"Групування даних в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fgrouping-data","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F02.grouping-data",{"title":2813,"path":2814,"stem":2815},"Підзапити з агрегатними функціями","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fsubqueries-aggregates","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F03.subqueries-aggregates",{"title":2817,"icon":2818,"path":2819,"stem":2820,"children":2821,"page":59},"Тригери та зберігаємі процедури","i-lucide-database-zap","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures",[2822,2826,2830,2834,2838,2842,2846],{"title":2823,"path":2824,"stem":2825},"DML-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fdml-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F01.dml-triggers",{"title":2827,"path":2828,"stem":2829},"DDL-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fddl-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F02.ddl-triggers",{"title":2831,"path":2832,"stem":2833},"Transact-SQL розширення","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransact-sql-extensions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F03.transact-sql-extensions",{"title":2835,"path":2836,"stem":2837},"Транзакції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F04.transactions",{"title":2839,"path":2840,"stem":2841},"Зберігаємі процедури","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fstored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F05.stored-procedures",{"title":2843,"path":2844,"stem":2845},"Користувацькі функції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fuser-defined-functions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F06.user-defined-functions",{"title":2847,"path":2848,"stem":2849},"Безпека баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F08.security",{"title":2847,"icon":793,"path":2851,"stem":2852,"children":2853,"page":59},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F08.security",[2854,2858],{"title":2855,"path":2856,"stem":2857},"Вступ до безпеки баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fintroduction","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F01.introduction",{"title":2859,"path":2860,"stem":2861},"Системні представлення та метадані","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fsystem-views","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F02.system-views",{"title":2863,"icon":2864,"path":2865,"stem":2866,"children":2867,"page":59},"Резервне копіювання та відновлення","i-lucide-database-backup","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery",[2868],{"title":2863,"path":2869,"stem":2870},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery\u002Fbackup-restore","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery\u002F01.backup-restore",{"title":2872,"icon":2873,"path":2874,"stem":2875,"children":2876,"page":59},"Повнотекстовий пошук","i-lucide-search","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search",[2877],{"title":2872,"path":2878,"stem":2879},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search\u002F01.full-text-search",{"title":2881,"icon":2882,"path":2883,"stem":2884,"children":2885,"page":59},"Tools","i-lucide-wrench","\u002Ftools","07.tools",[2886,2962],{"title":2887,"icon":2888,"path":2889,"stem":2890,"children":2891},"Docker","i-simple-icons-docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002Findex",[2892,2894,2898,2902,2906,2910,2914,2918,2922,2926,2930,2934,2938,2942,2946,2950,2954,2958],{"title":2893,"path":2889,"stem":2890},"Docker: від нуля до production",{"title":2895,"path":2896,"stem":2897},"Контейнеризація — від проблеми до рішення","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainerization-concept","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F01.containerization-concept",{"title":2899,"path":2900,"stem":2901},"Docker — що це і навіщо?","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-what-and-why","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F02.docker-what-and-why",{"title":2903,"path":2904,"stem":2905},"Архітектура Docker Engine","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-architecture","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F03.docker-architecture",{"title":2907,"path":2908,"stem":2909},"Встановлення Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Finstallation","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F04.installation",{"title":2911,"path":2912,"stem":2913},"Перший контейнер — docker run","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Ffirst-container","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F05.first-container",{"title":2915,"path":2916,"stem":2917},"Життєвий цикл контейнера","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainer-lifecycle","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F06.container-lifecycle",{"title":2919,"path":2920,"stem":2921},"Docker Images — фундаментальні концепції","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-images-fundamentals","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F07.docker-images-fundamentals",{"title":2923,"path":2924,"stem":2925},"Dockerfile — основи","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F08.dockerfile-basics",{"title":2927,"path":2928,"stem":2929},"Dockerfile — просунуті техніки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-advanced","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F09.dockerfile-advanced",{"title":2931,"path":2932,"stem":2933},"Build Context та кешування шарів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fbuild-context-and-cache","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F10.build-context-and-cache",{"title":2935,"path":2936,"stem":2937},"Реєстри Docker-образів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fimage-registries","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F11.image-registries",{"title":2939,"path":2940,"stem":2941},"Контейнеризація .NET додатків","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdotnet-containerization","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F12.dotnet-containerization",{"title":2943,"path":2944,"stem":2945},"Томи та збереження даних","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fvolumes-and-data","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F13.volumes-and-data",{"title":2947,"path":2948,"stem":2949},"Основи мережі в Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fnetworking-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F14.networking-basics",{"title":2951,"path":2952,"stem":2953},"Змінні оточення та конфігурація","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fenvironment-and-configuration","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F15.environment-and-configuration",{"title":2955,"path":2956,"stem":2957},"Docker Compose — оркестрація контейнерів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-compose-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F16.docker-compose-basics",{"title":2959,"path":2960,"stem":2961},"Docker Compose — Multi-Service застосунки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcompose-multi-service","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F17.compose-multi-service",{"title":2963,"icon":2964,"path":2965,"stem":2966,"children":2967},"Kubernetes","simple-icons:kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002Findex",[2968,2970,2974,2978,2982,2986,2990,2994,2998],{"title":2969,"path":2965,"stem":2966},"Kubernetes: від розробки до production",{"title":2971,"path":2972,"stem":2973},"Kubernetes — коли Docker Compose більше не вистачає","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fwhy-kubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F01.why-kubernetes",{"title":2975,"path":2976,"stem":2977},"Архітектура Kubernetes — анатомія кластера","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fkubernetes-architecture","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F02.kubernetes-architecture",{"title":2979,"path":2980,"stem":2981},"Локальне середовище — minikube, kind та k3s","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Flocal-environment","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F03.local-environment",{"title":2983,"path":2984,"stem":2985},"Pod — атомарна одиниця Kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpods-and-containers","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F04.pods-and-containers",{"title":2987,"path":2988,"stem":2989},"Патерни використання Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpod-patterns","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F05.pod-patterns",{"title":2991,"path":2992,"stem":2993},"Deployment — декларативне управління Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-basics","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F06.deployment-basics",{"title":2995,"path":2996,"stem":2997},"Rolling Updates та управління життєвим циклом Deployment","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-rolling-updates","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F07.deployment-rolling-updates",{"title":2999,"path":3000,"stem":3001},"Service — мережева абстракція для Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fservices-networking","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F08.services-networking",{"title":3003,"icon":3004,"path":3005,"stem":3006,"children":3007,"page":59},"Software Engineering","i-lucide-code-2","\u002Fsoftware-engineering","09.software-engineering",[3008,3012,3016,3020,3024,3028,3032,3036,3040,3044,3048],{"title":3009,"path":3010,"stem":3011},"1. Аналіз предметної області. Експертні знання та складність","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintro-subdomains","09.software-engineering\u002F01.intro-subdomains",{"title":3013,"path":3014,"stem":3015},"2. Обмежені контексти. Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintegrating-limited-contexts","09.software-engineering\u002F02.integrating-limited-contexts",{"title":3017,"path":3018,"stem":3019},"3. Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fsimple","09.software-engineering\u002F03.simple",{"title":3021,"path":3022,"stem":3023},"4. Опрацювання складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","09.software-engineering\u002F04.complex-business-logic",{"title":3025,"path":3026,"stem":3027},"5. Моделювання фактора часу. Подієво-орієнтована архітектура.","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fmodelling-the-time-factor","09.software-engineering\u002F05.modelling-the-time-factor",{"title":3029,"path":3030,"stem":3031},"6. Архітектурні патерни","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Farchitectural-patterns","09.software-engineering\u002F06.architectural-patterns",{"title":3033,"path":3034,"stem":3035},"Паттерни взаємодії","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fpatterns-of-interaction","09.software-engineering\u002F07.patterns-of-interaction",{"title":3037,"path":3038,"stem":3039},"Евристика проєктування","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fdesign-heuristics","09.software-engineering\u002F08.design-heuristics",{"title":3041,"path":3042,"stem":3043},"Еволюція проєктних рішень","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fevolution-of-design-solutions","09.software-engineering\u002F09.evolution-of-design-solutions",{"title":3045,"path":3046,"stem":3047},"EventStorming","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Feventstorming","09.software-engineering\u002F10.eventstorming",{"title":3049,"path":3050,"stem":3051},"DDD на практиці","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fddd-in-practice","09.software-engineering\u002F11.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3053,"icon":943,"path":3054,"stem":3055,"children":3056,"page":59},"DDD","\u002Fddd","10.ddd",[3057,3061,3065,3069,3073,3077,3081,3085,3089,3093,3097,3101,3105],{"title":3058,"path":3059,"stem":3060},"Аналіз предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-analysis","10.ddd\u002F01.domain-analysis",{"title":3062,"path":3063,"stem":3064},"Експертні знання про предметну область","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-expert-knowledge","10.ddd\u002F02.domain-expert-knowledge",{"title":3066,"path":3067,"stem":3068},"Як осмислити складність предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fmanaging-domain-complexity","10.ddd\u002F03.managing-domain-complexity",{"title":3070,"path":3071,"stem":3072},"Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fddd\u002Fbounded-context-integration","10.ddd\u002F04.bounded-context-integration",{"title":3074,"path":3075,"stem":3076},"Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fsimple-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F05.simple-business-logic",{"title":3078,"path":3079,"stem":3080},"Обробка складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F06.complex-business-logic",{"title":3082,"path":3083,"stem":3084},"Моделювання фактора часу","\u002Fddd\u002Ftime-modeling","10.ddd\u002F07.time-modeling",{"title":3086,"path":3087,"stem":3088},"Глава 8. Архітектурні Патерни","\u002Fddd\u002Farchitectural-patterns","10.ddd\u002F08.architectural-patterns",{"title":3090,"path":3091,"stem":3092},"Глава 9. Патерни Взаємодії","\u002Fddd\u002Finteraction-patterns","10.ddd\u002F09.interaction-patterns",{"title":3094,"path":3095,"stem":3096},"Глава 10. Проектні Евристики","\u002Fddd\u002Fdesign-heuristics","10.ddd\u002F10.design-heuristics",{"title":3098,"path":3099,"stem":3100},"Глава 11. Еволюція Проектних Рішень","\u002Fddd\u002Fevolution-of-design-decisions","10.ddd\u002F11.evolution-of-design-decisions",{"title":3102,"path":3103,"stem":3104},"Глава 12. EventStorming","\u002Fddd\u002Fevent-storming","10.ddd\u002F12.event-storming",{"title":3106,"path":3107,"stem":3108},"Глава 13. DDD на Практиці","\u002Fddd\u002Fddd-in-practice","10.ddd\u002F13.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3110,"icon":3111,"path":3112,"stem":3113,"children":3114,"page":59},"Media Streaming","i-lucide-video","\u002Fmedia-streaming","11.media-streaming",[3115,3119,3123,3127,3131,3135,3139],{"title":3116,"path":3117,"stem":3118},"01. Магія Стрімінгу: Що відбувається, коли ви натискаєте \"Play\"","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fintroduction","11.media-streaming\u002F01.introduction",{"title":3120,"path":3121,"stem":3122},"02. Анатомія Медіа: Кодеки, Контейнери та Стиснення","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Faudio-video-anatomy","11.media-streaming\u002F02.audio-video-anatomy",{"title":3124,"path":3125,"stem":3126},"03. The Gym: FFmpeg Deep Dive","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fffmpeg-gym","11.media-streaming\u002F03.ffmpeg-gym",{"title":3128,"path":3129,"stem":3130},"04. HLS Protocol: HTTP Live Streaming у Деталях","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fhls-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F04.hls-protocol",{"title":3132,"path":3133,"stem":3134},"05. DASH Protocol: Відкритий Стандарт","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fdash-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F05.dash-protocol",{"title":3136,"path":3137,"stem":3138},"06. Масштабування: CDN та Adaptive Bitrate","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fcdn-and-adaptive-bitrate","11.media-streaming\u002F06.cdn-and-adaptive-bitrate",{"title":3140,"path":3141,"stem":3142},"07. Війна із Затримкою (Latency)","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Frealtime-latency","11.media-streaming\u002F07.realtime-latency",{"title":3144,"icon":3145,"path":3146,"stem":3147,"children":3148,"page":59},"HTML & CSS","i-devicon-html5","\u002Fhtml-css","12.html-css",[3149,3153,3157,3161,3165,3169,3173,3177,3181,3185,3189,3193,3197,3201,3205,3209,3213,3217,3221,3225,3229,3233,3237,3241,3245,3249,3253,3257,3261,3265],{"title":3150,"path":3151,"stem":3152},"Вступ до HTML. Структура документа","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fintro-html-structure","12.html-css\u002F01.intro-html-structure",{"title":3154,"path":3155,"stem":3156},"Форматування тексту в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-text-formatting","12.html-css\u002F02.html-text-formatting",{"title":3158,"path":3159,"stem":3160},"Посилання та зображення в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-links-images","12.html-css\u002F03.html-links-images",{"title":3162,"path":3163,"stem":3164},"Списки та таблиці в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-lists-tables","12.html-css\u002F04.html-lists-tables",{"title":3166,"path":3167,"stem":3168},"Форми в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-forms","12.html-css\u002F05.html-forms",{"title":3170,"path":3171,"stem":3172},"Семантичні елементи HTML5","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-semantic-elements","12.html-css\u002F06.html-semantic-elements",{"title":3174,"path":3175,"stem":3176},"Мультимедіа та розширені елементи HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-multimedia-advanced","12.html-css\u002F07.html-multimedia-advanced",{"title":3178,"path":3179,"stem":3180},"Мікророзмітка та SEO в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-microdata-seo","12.html-css\u002F08.html-microdata-seo",{"title":3182,"path":3183,"stem":3184},"Вступ до CSS. Селектори та специфічність","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-intro-selectors","12.html-css\u002F09.css-intro-selectors",{"title":3186,"path":3187,"stem":3188},"Блокова модель CSS. Відступи. Box Sizing","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-box-model","12.html-css\u002F10.css-box-model",{"title":3190,"path":3191,"stem":3192},"Розміри у CSS: повний довідник одиниць і ключових слів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F10a.css-sizing","12.html-css\u002F10a.css-sizing",{"title":3194,"path":3195,"stem":3196},"Типографіка в CSS. Шрифти та текст","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-typography","12.html-css\u002F11.css-typography",{"title":3198,"path":3199,"stem":3200},"Кольори та фони в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-colors-backgrounds","12.html-css\u002F12.css-colors-backgrounds",{"title":3202,"path":3203,"stem":3204},"Тіні та фільтри в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters","12.html-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters",{"title":3206,"path":3207,"stem":3208},"CSS Flexbox: Фундамент гнучких макетів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-fundamentals","12.html-css\u002F13.css-flexbox-fundamentals",{"title":3210,"path":3211,"stem":3212},"CSS Flexbox: Вирівнювання та Позиціонування","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns","12.html-css\u002F14.css-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns",{"title":3214,"path":3215,"stem":3216},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid","12.html-css\u002F15.css-layout-grid",{"title":3218,"path":3219,"stem":3220},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 2","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid-advanced","12.html-css\u002F16.css-layout-grid-advanced",{"title":3222,"path":3223,"stem":3224},"Позиціонування в CSS. Z-index. Stacking Context","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-positioning","12.html-css\u002F17.css-positioning",{"title":3226,"path":3227,"stem":3228},"CSS Анімації та Переходи","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-animations-transitions","12.html-css\u002F18.css-animations-transitions",{"title":3230,"path":3231,"stem":3232},"Адаптивний дизайн. Media Queries. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-media-queries","12.html-css\u002F19.css-responsive-media-queries",{"title":3234,"path":3235,"stem":3236},"Адаптивний дизайн. Частина 2: clamp(), Container Queries, @layer","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-advanced","12.html-css\u002F20.css-responsive-advanced",{"title":3238,"path":3239,"stem":3240},"CSS Custom Properties. Методології. Сучасний CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-variables-methodologies","12.html-css\u002F21.css-variables-methodologies",{"title":3242,"path":3243,"stem":3244},"Сучасний CSS 2023–2025: Нові можливості","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-modern-features","12.html-css\u002F22.css-modern-features",{"title":3246,"path":3247,"stem":3248},"CSS Nesting, @layer, @scope та @property: нативний препроцесор","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax","12.html-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax",{"title":3250,"path":3251,"stem":3252},"CSS для форм та інтерактивних станів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-forms-interactive-states","12.html-css\u002F23.css-forms-interactive-states",{"title":3254,"path":3255,"stem":3256},"Доступність у CSS (CSS Accessibility)","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-accessibility","12.html-css\u002F24.css-accessibility",{"title":3258,"path":3259,"stem":3260},"CSS-функції та сучасні sizing primitives","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-functions-sizing","12.html-css\u002F25.css-functions-sizing",{"title":3262,"path":3263,"stem":3264},"Rendering Pipeline і CSS Performance","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-rendering-performance","12.html-css\u002F26.css-rendering-performance",{"title":3266,"path":3267,"stem":3268},"CSS Best Practices: типові ситуації та правильні рішення","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-best-practices","12.html-css\u002F27.css-best-practices",{"title":3270,"path":3271,"stem":3272,"children":3273,"page":59},"AWS","\u002Faws","13.aws",[3274,3278,3282,3286,3290,3294,3298,3302,3306,3310,3314,3318,3322,3326,3330,3334,3338,3342],{"title":3275,"path":3276,"stem":3277},"Реєстрація AWS акаунту та студентські програми","\u002Faws\u002Faccount-registration","13.aws\u002F00.account-registration",{"title":3279,"path":3280,"stem":3281},"Вступ до хмарних обчислень та AWS","\u002Faws\u002Fintroduction-to-cloud","13.aws\u002F01.introduction-to-cloud",{"title":3283,"path":3284,"stem":3285},"AWS IAM — Identity and Access Management","\u002Faws\u002Fiam","13.aws\u002F02.iam",{"title":3287,"path":3288,"stem":3289},"AWS IAM CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F02a.iam-doc","13.aws\u002F02a.iam-doc",{"title":3291,"path":3292,"stem":3293},"Docker та контейнеризація в AWS — ECR, ECS та Fargate","\u002Faws\u002Fdocker-ecs","13.aws\u002F03.docker-ecs",{"title":3295,"path":3296,"stem":3297},"AWS ECR \u002F ECS CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc","13.aws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc",{"title":3299,"path":3300,"stem":3301},"Amazon EC2 — Elastic Compute Cloud","\u002Faws\u002Fec2","13.aws\u002F04.ec2",{"title":3303,"path":3304,"stem":3305},"AWS EC2 CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F04a.ec2-doc","13.aws\u002F04a.ec2-doc",{"title":3307,"path":3308,"stem":3309},"Elastic Load Balancing та Auto Scaling","\u002Faws\u002Falb-asg","13.aws\u002F05.alb-asg",{"title":3311,"path":3312,"stem":3313},"Amazon S3 — Simple Storage Service","\u002Faws\u002Fs3","13.aws\u002F06.s3",{"title":3315,"path":3316,"stem":3317},"Amazon CloudFront — Content Delivery Network","\u002Faws\u002Fcloudfront","13.aws\u002F07.cloudfront",{"title":3319,"path":3320,"stem":3321},"Amazon RDS — Relational Database Service","\u002Faws\u002Frds","13.aws\u002F08.rds",{"title":3323,"path":3324,"stem":3325},"Amazon DynamoDB — NoSQL Database","\u002Faws\u002Fdynamodb","13.aws\u002F09.dynamodb",{"title":3327,"path":3328,"stem":3329},"AWS Lambda та Serverless Compute","\u002Faws\u002Flambda","13.aws\u002F10.lambda",{"title":3331,"path":3332,"stem":3333},"Amazon Bedrock - Foundation Models, RAG та Agents","\u002Faws\u002Fbedrock","13.aws\u002F22.bedrock",{"title":3335,"path":3336,"stem":3337},"Amazon Rekognition - Комп'ютерний зір","\u002Faws\u002Frekognition","13.aws\u002F23.rekognition",{"title":3339,"path":3340,"stem":3341},"Amazon Textract - Інтелектуальний аналіз документів","\u002Faws\u002Ftextract","13.aws\u002F24.textract",{"title":3343,"path":3344,"stem":3345},"Amazon Polly, Transcribe, Comprehend та Translate","\u002Faws\u002Faudio-nlp-services","13.aws\u002F25.audio-nlp-services",{"title":3347,"path":3348,"stem":3349,"children":3350,"page":59},"Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind","21.tailwind",[3351,3355,3359,3363,3367,3371,3375,3379,3383,3387,3391,3395],{"title":3352,"path":3353,"stem":3354},"Що таке Tailwind CSS і навіщо він потрібен","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-intro-philosophy","21.tailwind\u002F01.tailwind-intro-philosophy",{"title":3356,"path":3357,"stem":3358},"Встановлення та налаштування Tailwind CSS v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-installation-setup","21.tailwind\u002F02.tailwind-installation-setup",{"title":3360,"path":3361,"stem":3362},"Utility-класи: основи та система Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-utility-classes-core","21.tailwind\u002F03.tailwind-utility-classes-core",{"title":3364,"path":3365,"stem":3366},"Layout: Flexbox та Grid через Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-flexbox-grid","21.tailwind\u002F04.tailwind-flexbox-grid",{"title":3368,"path":3369,"stem":3370},"Кастомізація теми через @theme у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-theme-customization","21.tailwind\u002F05.tailwind-theme-customization",{"title":3372,"path":3373,"stem":3374},"Варіанти: hover, focus, responsive, dark mode та нові v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-variants-states","21.tailwind\u002F06.tailwind-variants-states",{"title":3376,"path":3377,"stem":3378},"Типографіка та система кольорів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-typography-colors","21.tailwind\u002F07.tailwind-typography-colors",{"title":3380,"path":3381,"stem":3382},"Компоненти та повторюваність: @apply, @utility та патерни","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-components-patterns","21.tailwind\u002F08.tailwind-components-patterns",{"title":3384,"path":3385,"stem":3386},"Темна тема та система дизайн-токенів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-dark-mode-theming","21.tailwind\u002F09.tailwind-dark-mode-theming",{"title":3388,"path":3389,"stem":3390},"Довільні значення та контейнерні запити у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-arbitrary-container-queries","21.tailwind\u002F10.tailwind-arbitrary-container-queries",{"title":3392,"path":3393,"stem":3394},"Анімації, трансформації та 3D у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-animations-transforms","21.tailwind\u002F11.tailwind-animations-transforms",{"title":3396,"path":3397,"stem":3398},"Tailwind CLI, PostCSS та інтеграція з фреймворками","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-cli-tooling","21.tailwind\u002F12.tailwind-cli-tooling",{"title":3400,"path":3401,"stem":3402},"Тестування компонентів діаграм","\u002Ftest-components","98.test-components",{"id":3404,"title":1893,"body":3405,"description":9534,"extension":9535,"links":9536,"meta":9537,"navigation":3623,"path":1894,"seo":9538,"stem":1895,"__hash__":9539},"docs\u002F02.cpp\u002F45.union.md",{"type":3406,"value":3407,"toc":9492},"minimark",[3408,3418,3423,3427,3451,3454,3457,3516,3527,3533,3542,3545,3552,3565,3571,3668,3684,4027,4088,4107,4109,4113,4122,4166,4174,4214,4219,4600,4662,4667,4669,4673,4685,4989,5058,5064,5073,5075,5079,5083,5089,5565,5607,5613,5623,6035,6136,6156,6163,6172,6600,6633,6647,6649,6655,6658,6662,6679,6935,6957,6961,6971,7108,7114,7116,7122,7132,7403,7412,7414,7420,7434,7751,7802,7809,8092,8131,8138,8154,8555,8608,8610,8619,8747,8754,8791,8793,8797,8801,8971,8975,9183,9190,9376,9378,9382,9472,9488],[3409,3410,3412,3413,3417],"h1",{"id":3411},"обєднання-union-один-блок-памяті-кілька-інтерпретацій","Об'єднання (",[3414,3415,3416],"code",{},"union","): один блок пам'яті, кілька інтерпретацій",[3419,3420,3422],"h2",{"id":3421},"сенсор-із-двома-обличчями","Сенсор із двома обличчями",[3424,3425,3426],"p",{},"Уявіть вбудований сенсор — наприклад, температурний датчик у промисловій системі моніторингу. Він передає 4-байтовий пакет даних по мережі. Пакет може означати одне з двох:",[3428,3429,3430,3442],"ul",{},[3431,3432,3433,3437,3438,3441],"li",{},[3434,3435,3436],"strong",{},"вимірювання",": значення ",[3414,3439,3440],{},"float",", що містить температуру в кельвінах;",[3431,3443,3444,3437,3447,3450],{},[3434,3445,3446],{},"статус",[3414,3448,3449],{},"uint32_t",", що містить бітові прапорці стану (помилка, калібрування, відключення).",[3424,3452,3453],{},"Тип пакету визначається окремим полем заголовка. Якщо ви знаєте тип — ви знаєте, як інтерпретувати ці 4 байти.",[3424,3455,3456],{},"Як зберегти такий пакет у C++? Перший інстинкт — структура з двома полями:",[3458,3459,3464],"pre",{"className":3460,"code":3461,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","struct SensorData\n{\n    float    measurement; \u002F\u002F 4 байти\n    uint32_t statusFlags; \u002F\u002F 4 байти\n};\n","cpp","",[3414,3465,3466,3479,3486,3499,3510],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,3468,3471,3475],"span",{"class":3469,"line":3470},"line",1,[3467,3472,3474],{"class":3473},"su1O8","struct",[3467,3476,3478],{"class":3477},"sN1BT"," SensorData\n",[3467,3480,3482],{"class":3469,"line":3481},2,[3467,3483,3485],{"class":3484},"sHH4Y","{\n",[3467,3487,3489,3492,3495],{"class":3469,"line":3488},3,[3467,3490,3491],{"class":3473},"    float",[3467,3493,3494],{"class":3484},"    measurement;",[3467,3496,3498],{"class":3497},"spJ8K"," \u002F\u002F 4 байти\n",[3467,3500,3502,3505,3508],{"class":3469,"line":3501},4,[3467,3503,3504],{"class":3473},"    uint32_t",[3467,3506,3507],{"class":3484}," statusFlags;",[3467,3509,3498],{"class":3497},[3467,3511,3513],{"class":3469,"line":3512},5,[3467,3514,3515],{"class":3484},"};\n",[3424,3517,3518,3519,3522,3523,3526],{},"Але це займе ",[3434,3520,3521],{},"8 байт",", тоді як фізично дані займають лише ",[3434,3524,3525],{},"4 байти",". Ніколи не може бути одночасно і вимірювання, і статусу — це взаємовиключні інтерпретації одного буфера. Витрата пам'яті подвоюється без жодної причини.",[3424,3528,3529,3530,3532],{},"Саме для таких сценаріїв у C (і C++) існує конструкція ",[3414,3531,3416],{},".",[3534,3535,3536,3538,3539,3541],"note",{},[3414,3537,3416],{}," — це не екзотика для вузьких спеціалістів. Це фундаментальна конструкція системного програмування, без якої неможливо ефективно реалізувати мережеві протоколи, парсери бінарних форматів, варіантні типи та деякі типи оптимізацій. Розуміння ",[3414,3540,3416],{}," є ознакою зрілості C++-програміста.",[3543,3544],"hr",{},[3419,3546,3548,3549,3551],{"id":3547},"що-таке-union-фундаментальна-концепція","Що таке ",[3414,3550,3416],{},": фундаментальна концепція",[3424,3553,3554,3557,3558,3561,3562,3564],{},[3434,3555,3556],{},"Об'єднання"," (union) — це агрегатний тип даних, у якому всі члени займають ",[3434,3559,3560],{},"одну й ту саму ділянку пам'яті",". Розмір ",[3414,3563,3416],{}," дорівнює розміру найбільшого члена. Усі члени починаються з одної адреси.",[3424,3566,3567,3568,3570],{},"Порівняймо з ",[3414,3569,3474],{},":",[3458,3572,3574],{"className":3460,"code":3573,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"struct MyStruct\n{\n    int    i; \u002F\u002F зміщення 0, займає байти 0-3\n    float  f; \u002F\u002F зміщення 4, займає байти 4-7\n    \u002F\u002F sizeof(MyStruct) = 8 байт\n};\n\nunion MyUnion\n{\n    int    i; \u002F\u002F зміщення 0, займає байти 0-3\n    float  f; \u002F\u002F зміщення 0, займає байти 0-3 (ті самі!)\n    \u002F\u002F sizeof(MyUnion) = 4 байти\n};\n",[3414,3575,3576,3583,3587,3598,3608,3613,3618,3625,3633,3638,3647,3657,3663],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,3577,3578,3580],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,3579,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,3581,3582],{"class":3477}," MyStruct\n",[3467,3584,3585],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,3586,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,3588,3589,3592,3595],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,3590,3591],{"class":3473},"    int",[3467,3593,3594],{"class":3484},"    i;",[3467,3596,3597],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F зміщення 0, займає байти 0-3\n",[3467,3599,3600,3602,3605],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,3601,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,3603,3604],{"class":3484},"  f;",[3467,3606,3607],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F зміщення 4, займає байти 4-7\n",[3467,3609,3610],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,3611,3612],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F sizeof(MyStruct) = 8 байт\n",[3467,3614,3616],{"class":3469,"line":3615},6,[3467,3617,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,3619,3621],{"class":3469,"line":3620},7,[3467,3622,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},true,"\n",[3467,3626,3628,3630],{"class":3469,"line":3627},8,[3467,3629,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,3631,3632],{"class":3477}," MyUnion\n",[3467,3634,3636],{"class":3469,"line":3635},9,[3467,3637,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,3639,3641,3643,3645],{"class":3469,"line":3640},10,[3467,3642,3591],{"class":3473},[3467,3644,3594],{"class":3484},[3467,3646,3597],{"class":3497},[3467,3648,3650,3652,3654],{"class":3469,"line":3649},11,[3467,3651,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,3653,3604],{"class":3484},[3467,3655,3656],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F зміщення 0, займає байти 0-3 (ті самі!)\n",[3467,3658,3660],{"class":3469,"line":3659},12,[3467,3661,3662],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F sizeof(MyUnion) = 4 байти\n",[3467,3664,3666],{"class":3469,"line":3665},13,[3467,3667,3515],{"class":3484},[3424,3669,3670,3671,3673,3674,3677,3678,3680,3681,3532],{},"У ",[3414,3672,3474],{}," кожне поле має власний простір у пам'яті, всі вони існують ",[3434,3675,3676],{},"одночасно і незалежно",". У ",[3414,3679,3416],{}," усі члени накладаються на один і той самий блок — вони існують ",[3434,3682,3683],{},"почергово, в одному буфері",[3458,3685,3689],{"className":3460,"code":3686,"filename":3687,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n\nstruct SensorStruct\n{\n    float    measurement; \u002F\u002F байти 0-3\n    uint32_t statusFlags; \u002F\u002F байти 4-7\n};\n\nunion SensorUnion\n{\n    float    measurement; \u002F\u002F байти 0-3\n    uint32_t statusFlags; \u002F\u002F байти 0-3 (ті самі!)\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"sizeof(SensorStruct) = \" \u003C\u003C sizeof(SensorStruct) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 8\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"sizeof(SensorUnion)  = \" \u003C\u003C sizeof(SensorUnion)  \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 4\n\n    SensorUnion packet;\n    packet.measurement = 293.15f; \u002F\u002F записуємо float\n\n    \u002F\u002F ЗАРАЗ активний член — measurement\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Temperature: \" \u003C\u003C packet.measurement \u003C\u003C \" K\\n\";\n\n    packet.statusFlags = 0b00000011; \u002F\u002F перезаписуємо ту саму пам'ять як uint32_t\n    \u002F\u002F ЗАРАЗ активний член — statusFlags (measurement \"зіпсований\")\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Status: \" \u003C\u003C packet.statusFlags \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","UnionVsStruct.cpp","showLineNumbers",[3414,3690,3691,3701,3708,3712,3719,3723,3732,3741,3745,3749,3756,3760,3768,3777,3782,3787,3800,3805,3841,3869,3874,3880,3904,3909,3915,3946,3951,3971,3977,4005,4010,4021],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,3692,3693,3697],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,3694,3696],{"class":3695},"s8xlr","#include",[3467,3698,3700],{"class":3699},"sbdoH"," \u003Ciostream>\n",[3467,3702,3703,3705],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,3704,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,3706,3707],{"class":3699}," \u003Ccstdint>\n",[3467,3709,3710],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,3711,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3713,3714,3716],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,3715,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,3717,3718],{"class":3477}," SensorStruct\n",[3467,3720,3721],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,3722,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,3724,3725,3727,3729],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,3726,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,3728,3494],{"class":3484},[3467,3730,3731],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F байти 0-3\n",[3467,3733,3734,3736,3738],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,3735,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,3737,3507],{"class":3484},[3467,3739,3740],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F байти 4-7\n",[3467,3742,3743],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,3744,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,3746,3747],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,3748,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3750,3751,3753],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,3752,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,3754,3755],{"class":3477}," SensorUnion\n",[3467,3757,3758],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,3759,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,3761,3762,3764,3766],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,3763,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,3765,3494],{"class":3484},[3467,3767,3731],{"class":3497},[3467,3769,3770,3772,3774],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,3771,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,3773,3507],{"class":3484},[3467,3775,3776],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F байти 0-3 (ті самі!)\n",[3467,3778,3780],{"class":3469,"line":3779},14,[3467,3781,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,3783,3785],{"class":3469,"line":3784},15,[3467,3786,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3788,3790,3793,3797],{"class":3469,"line":3789},16,[3467,3791,3792],{"class":3473},"int",[3467,3794,3796],{"class":3795},"s8Opu"," main",[3467,3798,3799],{"class":3484},"()\n",[3467,3801,3803],{"class":3469,"line":3802},17,[3467,3804,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,3806,3808,3811,3814,3817,3820,3823,3826,3829,3833,3835,3838],{"class":3469,"line":3807},18,[3467,3809,3810],{"class":3477},"    std",[3467,3812,3813],{"class":3484},"::cout \u003C\u003C ",[3467,3815,3816],{"class":3699},"\"sizeof(SensorStruct) = \"",[3467,3818,3819],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C ",[3467,3821,3822],{"class":3473},"sizeof",[3467,3824,3825],{"class":3484},"(SensorStruct) \u003C\u003C ",[3467,3827,3828],{"class":3699},"\"",[3467,3830,3832],{"class":3831},"sjcCO","\\n",[3467,3834,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,3836,3837],{"class":3484},";",[3467,3839,3840],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 8\n",[3467,3842,3844,3846,3848,3851,3853,3855,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866],{"class":3469,"line":3843},19,[3467,3845,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,3847,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,3849,3850],{"class":3699},"\"sizeof(SensorUnion)  = \"",[3467,3852,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,3854,3822],{"class":3473},[3467,3856,3857],{"class":3484},"(SensorUnion)  \u003C\u003C ",[3467,3859,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,3861,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,3863,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,3865,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,3867,3868],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 4\n",[3467,3870,3872],{"class":3469,"line":3871},20,[3467,3873,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3875,3877],{"class":3469,"line":3876},21,[3467,3878,3879],{"class":3484},"    SensorUnion packet;\n",[3467,3881,3883,3887,3889,3892,3895,3899,3901],{"class":3469,"line":3882},22,[3467,3884,3886],{"class":3885},"siwwj","    packet",[3467,3888,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,3890,3891],{"class":3885},"measurement",[3467,3893,3894],{"class":3484}," = ",[3467,3896,3898],{"class":3897},"sJj4R","293.15f",[3467,3900,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,3902,3903],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F записуємо float\n",[3467,3905,3907],{"class":3469,"line":3906},23,[3467,3908,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3910,3912],{"class":3469,"line":3911},24,[3467,3913,3914],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F ЗАРАЗ активний член — measurement\n",[3467,3916,3918,3920,3922,3925,3927,3930,3932,3934,3936,3939,3941,3943],{"class":3469,"line":3917},25,[3467,3919,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,3921,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,3923,3924],{"class":3699},"\"Temperature: \"",[3467,3926,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,3928,3929],{"class":3885},"packet",[3467,3931,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,3933,3891],{"class":3885},[3467,3935,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,3937,3938],{"class":3699},"\" K",[3467,3940,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,3942,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,3944,3945],{"class":3484},";\n",[3467,3947,3949],{"class":3469,"line":3948},26,[3467,3950,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,3952,3954,3956,3958,3961,3963,3966,3968],{"class":3469,"line":3953},27,[3467,3955,3886],{"class":3885},[3467,3957,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,3959,3960],{"class":3885},"statusFlags",[3467,3962,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,3964,3965],{"class":3897},"0b00000011",[3467,3967,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,3969,3970],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F перезаписуємо ту саму пам'ять як uint32_t\n",[3467,3972,3974],{"class":3469,"line":3973},28,[3467,3975,3976],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F ЗАРАЗ активний член — statusFlags (measurement \"зіпсований\")\n",[3467,3978,3980,3982,3984,3987,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003],{"class":3469,"line":3979},29,[3467,3981,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,3983,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,3985,3986],{"class":3699},"\"Status: \"",[3467,3988,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,3990,3929],{"class":3885},[3467,3992,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,3994,3960],{"class":3885},[3467,3996,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,3998,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4000,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4002,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4004,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4006,4008],{"class":3469,"line":4007},30,[3467,4009,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4011,4013,4016,4019],{"class":3469,"line":4012},31,[3467,4014,4015],{"class":3695},"    return",[3467,4017,4018],{"class":3897}," 0",[3467,4020,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4022,4024],{"class":3469,"line":4023},32,[3467,4025,4026],{"class":3484},"}\n",[4028,4029,4031,4045,4054,4062,4071,4079],"terminal-preview",{"title":4030},".\u002FUnionVsStruct",[4032,4033,4035,4040,4041],"div",{"className":4034},[3469],[3467,4036,4039],{"className":4037},[4038],"opacity-40","$"," ",[3434,4042,4030],{"className":4043},[4044],"font-bold",[4032,4046,4048,4049],{"className":4047},[3469],"sizeof(SensorStruct) = ",[3467,4050,4053],{"className":4051},[4052],"text-blue-400","8",[4032,4055,4057,4058],{"className":4056},[3469],"sizeof(SensorUnion)  = ",[3467,4059,4061],{"className":4060},[4052],"4",[4032,4063,4065,4066,4070],{"className":4064},[3469],"Temperature: ",[3467,4067,4069],{"className":4068},[4052],"293.15"," K",[4032,4072,4074,4075],{"className":4073},[3469],"Status: ",[3467,4076,4078],{"className":4077},[4052],"3",[4032,4080,4082,4083,3532],{"className":4081},[3469],"Execution finished with ",[3467,4084,4087],{"className":4085},[4086,4044],"text-green-400","exit code 0",[3424,4089,4090,4091,4093,4094,4096,4097,4100,4101,4103,4104,4106],{},"Ключовий момент: рядок 27 записав значення ",[3414,4092,3965],{}," поверх тих самих 4 байт, де щойно лежав ",[3414,4095,3440],{},". Після цього ",[3414,4098,4099],{},"packet.measurement"," вже не містить ",[3414,4102,3898],{}," — він містить ті самі байти, але інтерпретовані як ",[3414,4105,3440],{},". Результат буде довільним.",[3543,4108],{},[3419,4110,4112],{"id":4111},"синтаксис-і-правила-оголошення","Синтаксис і правила оголошення",[3424,4114,4115,4116,4118,4119,4121],{},"Синтаксис ",[3414,4117,3416],{}," ідентичний ",[3414,4120,3474],{}," — відрізняється лише ключове слово:",[3458,4123,4125],{"className":3460,"code":4124,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"union ІменьТипу\n{\n    тип1 член1;\n    тип2 член2;\n    тип3 член3;\n    \u002F\u002F ...\n};  \u002F\u002F крапка з комою обов'язкова\n",[3414,4126,4127,4134,4138,4143,4148,4153,4158],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,4128,4129,4131],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,4130,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,4132,4133],{"class":3484}," ІменьТипу\n",[3467,4135,4136],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,4137,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4139,4140],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,4141,4142],{"class":3484},"    тип1 член1;\n",[3467,4144,4145],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,4146,4147],{"class":3484},"    тип2 член2;\n",[3467,4149,4150],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,4151,4152],{"class":3484},"    тип3 член3;\n",[3467,4154,4155],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,4156,4157],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F ...\n",[3467,4159,4160,4163],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,4161,4162],{"class":3484},"};",[3467,4164,4165],{"class":3497},"  \u002F\u002F крапка з комою обов'язкова\n",[3424,4167,4168,4169,4171,4172,3570],{},"Декілька правил, що відрізняють ",[3414,4170,3416],{}," від ",[3414,4173,3474],{},[4175,4176,4177,4187,4201,4208],"ol",{},[3431,4178,4179,4182,4183,4186],{},[3434,4180,4181],{},"Розмір"," дорівнює розміру ",[3434,4184,4185],{},"найбільшого"," члена (плюс можливий padding для вирівнювання).",[3431,4188,4189,4192,4193,4196,4197,4200],{},[3434,4190,4191],{},"Усі члени мають однакову адресу"," — ",[3414,4194,4195],{},"&u.i == &u.f"," (для ",[3414,4198,4199],{},"union { int i; float f; }",").",[3431,4202,4203,4204,4207],{},"У будь-який момент часу ",[3434,4205,4206],{},"лише один член є «активним»"," — той, в який останній раз писали.",[3431,4209,4210,4211,4213],{},"За замовчуванням ",[3414,4212,3416],{}," не може містити члени з нетривіальними конструкторами\u002Fдеструкторами (до C++11 це взагалі заборонено; починаючи з C++11 — можливо, але вимагає явного управління).",[4215,4216,4218],"h3",{"id":4217},"вирівнювання-та-розмір","Вирівнювання та розмір",[3458,4220,4223],{"className":3460,"code":4221,"filename":4222,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n\nunion AlignTest\n{\n    uint8_t  byte;    \u002F\u002F 1 байт, вирівнювання 1\n    uint16_t word;    \u002F\u002F 2 байти, вирівнювання 2\n    uint32_t dword;   \u002F\u002F 4 байти, вирівнювання 4\n    uint64_t qword;   \u002F\u002F 8 байт, вирівнювання 8\n};\n\nunion SmallOrBig\n{\n    char  c;   \u002F\u002F 1 байт\n    double d;  \u002F\u002F 8 байт\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F Розмір = розмір найбільшого члена\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"sizeof(AlignTest)  = \" \u003C\u003C sizeof(AlignTest)  \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 8\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"sizeof(SmallOrBig) = \" \u003C\u003C sizeof(SmallOrBig) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 8\n\n    \u002F\u002F Всі члени починаються з одної адреси\n    AlignTest u;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Адреса &u.byte:  \" \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cvoid*>(&u.byte)  \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Адреса &u.word:  \" \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cvoid*>(&u.word)  \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Адреса &u.dword: \" \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cvoid*>(&u.dword) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Адреса &u.qword: \" \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cvoid*>(&u.qword) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    \u002F\u002F Всі чотири адреси однакові!\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","UnionSize.cpp",[3414,4224,4225,4231,4237,4241,4248,4252,4263,4274,4284,4295,4299,4303,4310,4314,4325,4336,4340,4344,4352,4356,4361,4387,4413,4417,4422,4427,4469,4505,4542,4578,4583,4587,4595],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,4226,4227,4229],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,4228,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,4230,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,4232,4233,4235],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,4234,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,4236,3707],{"class":3699},[3467,4238,4239],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,4240,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4242,4243,4245],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,4244,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,4246,4247],{"class":3477}," AlignTest\n",[3467,4249,4250],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,4251,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4253,4254,4257,4260],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,4255,4256],{"class":3473},"    uint8_t",[3467,4258,4259],{"class":3484},"  byte;",[3467,4261,4262],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F 1 байт, вирівнювання 1\n",[3467,4264,4265,4268,4271],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,4266,4267],{"class":3473},"    uint16_t",[3467,4269,4270],{"class":3484}," word;",[3467,4272,4273],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F 2 байти, вирівнювання 2\n",[3467,4275,4276,4278,4281],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,4277,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,4279,4280],{"class":3484}," dword;",[3467,4282,4283],{"class":3497},"   \u002F\u002F 4 байти, вирівнювання 4\n",[3467,4285,4286,4289,4292],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,4287,4288],{"class":3473},"    uint64_t",[3467,4290,4291],{"class":3484}," qword;",[3467,4293,4294],{"class":3497},"   \u002F\u002F 8 байт, вирівнювання 8\n",[3467,4296,4297],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,4298,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,4300,4301],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,4302,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4304,4305,4307],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,4306,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,4308,4309],{"class":3477}," SmallOrBig\n",[3467,4311,4312],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,4313,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4315,4316,4319,4322],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,4317,4318],{"class":3473},"    char",[3467,4320,4321],{"class":3484},"  c;",[3467,4323,4324],{"class":3497},"   \u002F\u002F 1 байт\n",[3467,4326,4327,4330,4333],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,4328,4329],{"class":3473},"    double",[3467,4331,4332],{"class":3484}," d;",[3467,4334,4335],{"class":3497},"  \u002F\u002F 8 байт\n",[3467,4337,4338],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,4339,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,4341,4342],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,4343,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4345,4346,4348,4350],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,4347,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,4349,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,4351,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,4353,4354],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,4355,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4357,4358],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,4359,4360],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Розмір = розмір найбільшого члена\n",[3467,4362,4363,4365,4367,4370,4372,4374,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,4364,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4366,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4368,4369],{"class":3699},"\"sizeof(AlignTest)  = \"",[3467,4371,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4373,3822],{"class":3473},[3467,4375,4376],{"class":3484},"(AlignTest)  \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4378,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4380,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4382,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4384,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,4386,3840],{"class":3497},[3467,4388,4389,4391,4393,4396,4398,4400,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,4390,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4392,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4394,4395],{"class":3699},"\"sizeof(SmallOrBig) = \"",[3467,4397,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4399,3822],{"class":3473},[3467,4401,4402],{"class":3484},"(SmallOrBig) \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4404,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4406,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4408,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4410,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,4412,3840],{"class":3497},[3467,4414,4415],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,4416,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4418,4419],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,4420,4421],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Всі члени починаються з одної адреси\n",[3467,4423,4424],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,4425,4426],{"class":3484},"    AlignTest u;\n",[3467,4428,4429,4431,4433,4436,4438,4441,4444,4447,4450,4453,4455,4458,4461,4463,4465,4467],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,4430,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4432,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4434,4435],{"class":3699},"\"Адреса &u.byte:  \"",[3467,4437,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4439,4440],{"class":3473},"static_cast",[3467,4442,4443],{"class":3484},"\u003C",[3467,4445,4446],{"class":3473},"void",[3467,4448,4449],{"class":3484},"*>(&",[3467,4451,4452],{"class":3885},"u",[3467,4454,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4456,4457],{"class":3885},"byte",[3467,4459,4460],{"class":3484},")  \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4462,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4464,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4466,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4468,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4470,4471,4473,4475,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,4472,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4474,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4476,4477],{"class":3699},"\"Адреса &u.word:  \"",[3467,4479,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4481,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,4483,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,4485,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,4487,4449],{"class":3484},[3467,4489,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,4491,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4493,4494],{"class":3885},"word",[3467,4496,4460],{"class":3484},[3467,4498,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4500,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4502,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4504,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4506,4507,4509,4511,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4531,4534,4536,4538,4540],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,4508,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4510,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4512,4513],{"class":3699},"\"Адреса &u.dword: \"",[3467,4515,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4517,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,4519,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,4521,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,4523,4449],{"class":3484},[3467,4525,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,4527,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4529,4530],{"class":3885},"dword",[3467,4532,4533],{"class":3484},") \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4535,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4537,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4539,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4541,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4543,4544,4546,4548,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,4545,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4547,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4549,4550],{"class":3699},"\"Адреса &u.qword: \"",[3467,4552,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4554,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,4556,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,4558,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,4560,4449],{"class":3484},[3467,4562,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,4564,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4566,4567],{"class":3885},"qword",[3467,4569,4533],{"class":3484},[3467,4571,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4573,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4575,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4577,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4579,4580],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,4581,4582],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Всі чотири адреси однакові!\n",[3467,4584,4585],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,4586,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4588,4589,4591,4593],{"class":3469,"line":4023},[3467,4590,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,4592,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,4594,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4596,4598],{"class":3469,"line":4597},33,[3467,4599,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,4601,4603,4612,4619,4626,4635,4642,4649,4656],{"title":4602},".\u002FUnionSize",[4032,4604,4606,4040,4609],{"className":4605},[3469],[3467,4607,4039],{"className":4608},[4038],[3434,4610,4602],{"className":4611},[4044],[4032,4613,4615,4616],{"className":4614},[3469],"sizeof(AlignTest)  = ",[3467,4617,4053],{"className":4618},[4052],[4032,4620,4622,4623],{"className":4621},[3469],"sizeof(SmallOrBig) = ",[3467,4624,4053],{"className":4625},[4052],[4032,4627,4629,4630],{"className":4628},[3469],"Адреса &u.byte:  ",[3467,4631,4634],{"className":4632},[4633],"text-yellow-400","0x7ffee4b2a5e0",[4032,4636,4638,4639],{"className":4637},[3469],"Адреса &u.word:  ",[3467,4640,4634],{"className":4641},[4633],[4032,4643,4645,4646],{"className":4644},[3469],"Адреса &u.dword: ",[3467,4647,4634],{"className":4648},[4633],[4032,4650,4652,4653],{"className":4651},[3469],"Адреса &u.qword: ",[3467,4654,4634],{"className":4655},[4633],[4032,4657,4082,4659,3532],{"className":4658},[3469],[3467,4660,4087],{"className":4661},[4086,4044],[3424,4663,4664,4665,3532],{},"Усі чотири різних члени — одна адреса. Це і є суть ",[3414,4666,3416],{},[3543,4668],{},[3419,4670,4672],{"id":4671},"память-зсередини-перекриття-байтів","Пам'ять зсередини: перекриття байтів",[3424,4674,4675,4676,4678,4679,4681,4682,3532],{},"Щоб відчути, як ",[3414,4677,3416],{}," перекриває пам'ять, подивімося на конкретний приклад: запис ",[3414,4680,3792],{}," і читання його ж байтів через масив ",[3414,4683,4684],{},"uint8_t",[3458,4686,4689],{"className":3460,"code":4687,"filename":4688,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n#include \u003Ciomanip>\n\nunion IntBytes\n{\n    uint32_t value;    \u002F\u002F ціле число — 4 байти\n    uint8_t  bytes[4]; \u002F\u002F ті самі 4 байти як масив\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    IntBytes u;\n    u.value = 0x0A0B0C0D; \u002F\u002F hex-значення для наочності\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C std::hex \u003C\u003C std::setfill('0');\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"value  = 0x\" \u003C\u003C std::setw(8) \u003C\u003C u.value \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F Читаємо ті самі байти через масив\n    \u002F\u002F На little-endian машині (x86): молодший байт — bytes[0]\n    for (int i = 0; i \u003C 4; ++i)\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"bytes[\" \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C \"] = 0x\" \u003C\u003C std::setw(2)\n                  \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cint>(u.bytes[i]) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","ByteView.cpp",[3414,4690,4691,4697,4703,4710,4714,4721,4725,4735,4753,4757,4761,4769,4773,4778,4798,4802,4831,4871,4875,4880,4885,4909,4941,4973,4977,4985],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,4692,4693,4695],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,4694,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,4696,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,4698,4699,4701],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,4700,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,4702,3707],{"class":3699},[3467,4704,4705,4707],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,4706,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,4708,4709],{"class":3699}," \u003Ciomanip>\n",[3467,4711,4712],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,4713,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4715,4716,4718],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,4717,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,4719,4720],{"class":3477}," IntBytes\n",[3467,4722,4723],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,4724,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4726,4727,4729,4732],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,4728,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,4730,4731],{"class":3484}," value;",[3467,4733,4734],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F ціле число — 4 байти\n",[3467,4736,4737,4739,4742,4745,4747,4750],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,4738,4256],{"class":3473},[3467,4740,4741],{"class":3885},"  bytes",[3467,4743,4744],{"class":3484},"[",[3467,4746,4061],{"class":3897},[3467,4748,4749],{"class":3484},"];",[3467,4751,4752],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F ті самі 4 байти як масив\n",[3467,4754,4755],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,4756,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,4758,4759],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,4760,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4762,4763,4765,4767],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,4764,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,4766,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,4768,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,4770,4771],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,4772,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,4774,4775],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,4776,4777],{"class":3484},"    IntBytes u;\n",[3467,4779,4780,4783,4785,4788,4790,4793,4795],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,4781,4782],{"class":3885},"    u",[3467,4784,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4786,4787],{"class":3885},"value",[3467,4789,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,4791,4792],{"class":3897},"0x0A0B0C0D",[3467,4794,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,4796,4797],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F hex-значення для наочності\n",[3467,4799,4800],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,4801,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4803,4804,4806,4808,4811,4814,4816,4819,4822,4825,4828],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,4805,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4807,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4809,4810],{"class":3477},"std",[3467,4812,4813],{"class":3484},"::hex \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4815,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,4817,4818],{"class":3484},"::",[3467,4820,4821],{"class":3795},"setfill",[3467,4823,4824],{"class":3484},"(",[3467,4826,4827],{"class":3699},"'0'",[3467,4829,4830],{"class":3484},");\n",[3467,4832,4833,4835,4837,4840,4842,4844,4846,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,4834,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,4836,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4838,4839],{"class":3699},"\"value  = 0x\"",[3467,4841,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4843,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,4845,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,4847,4848],{"class":3795},"setw",[3467,4850,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,4852,4053],{"class":3897},[3467,4854,4533],{"class":3484},[3467,4856,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,4858,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4860,4787],{"class":3885},[3467,4862,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4864,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4866,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4868,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4870,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4872,4873],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,4874,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4876,4877],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,4878,4879],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Читаємо ті самі байти через масив\n",[3467,4881,4882],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,4883,4884],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F На little-endian машині (x86): молодший байт — bytes[0]\n",[3467,4886,4887,4890,4893,4895,4898,4901,4904,4906],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,4888,4889],{"class":3695},"    for",[3467,4891,4892],{"class":3484}," (",[3467,4894,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,4896,4897],{"class":3484}," i = ",[3467,4899,4900],{"class":3897},"0",[3467,4902,4903],{"class":3484},"; i \u003C ",[3467,4905,4061],{"class":3897},[3467,4907,4908],{"class":3484},"; ++i)\n",[3467,4910,4911,4914,4916,4919,4922,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935,4938],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,4912,4913],{"class":3477},"        std",[3467,4915,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,4917,4918],{"class":3699},"\"bytes[\"",[3467,4920,4921],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C i \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4923,4924],{"class":3699},"\"] = 0x\"",[3467,4926,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,4928,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,4930,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,4932,4848],{"class":3795},[3467,4934,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,4936,4937],{"class":3897},"2",[3467,4939,4940],{"class":3484},")\n",[3467,4942,4943,4946,4948,4950,4952,4955,4957,4959,4962,4965,4967,4969,4971],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,4944,4945],{"class":3484},"                  \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4947,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,4949,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,4951,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,4953,4954],{"class":3484},">(",[3467,4956,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,4958,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,4960,4961],{"class":3885},"bytes",[3467,4963,4964],{"class":3484},"[i]) \u003C\u003C ",[3467,4966,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4968,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,4970,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,4972,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4974,4975],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,4976,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,4978,4979,4981,4983],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,4980,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,4982,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,4984,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,4986,4987],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,4988,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,4990,4992,5002,5010,5024,5032,5040,5052],{"title":4991},".\u002FByteView (little-endian)",[4032,4993,4995,4040,4998],{"className":4994},[3469],[3467,4996,4039],{"className":4997},[4038],[3434,4999,5001],{"className":5000},[4044],".\u002FByteView",[4032,5003,5005,5006],{"className":5004},[3469],"value  = ",[3467,5007,5009],{"className":5008},[4052],"0x0a0b0c0d",[4032,5011,5013,5014,5018,5019],{"className":5012},[3469],"bytes[0] = ",[3467,5015,5017],{"className":5016},[4633],"0x0d","  ",[3467,5020,5023],{"className":5021},[5022],"opacity-50","← молодший байт (little-endian)",[4032,5025,5027,5028],{"className":5026},[3469],"bytes[1] = ",[3467,5029,5031],{"className":5030},[4633],"0x0c",[4032,5033,5035,5036],{"className":5034},[3469],"bytes[2] = ",[3467,5037,5039],{"className":5038},[4633],"0x0b",[4032,5041,5043,5044,5018,5048],{"className":5042},[3469],"bytes[3] = ",[3467,5045,5047],{"className":5046},[4633],"0x0a",[3467,5049,5051],{"className":5050},[5022],"← старший байт",[4032,5053,4082,5055,3532],{"className":5054},[3469],[3467,5056,4087],{"className":5057},[4086,4044],[5059,5060],"memory-view",{":bytes":5061,":labels":5062,"title":5063},"[\"0x0D\",\"0x0C\",\"0x0B\",\"0x0A\"]","[\"bytes[0]\",\"bytes[1]\",\"bytes[2]\",\"bytes[3]\"]","IntBytes у пам'яті (4 байти, little-endian)",[3424,5065,5066,5067,5069,5070,5072],{},"Одні й ті самі 4 байти доступні через два різних «вікна»: як ціле ",[3414,5068,3449],{}," і як масив з чотирьох ",[3414,5071,4684],{},". Ні копіювання, ні перетворення — лише різна інтерпретація одного буфера.",[3543,5074],{},[3419,5076,5078],{"id":5077},"практичні-застосування","Практичні застосування",[4215,5080,5082],{"id":5081},"застосування-1-ipv4-адреса-число-та-байти-одночасно","Застосування 1: IPv4-адреса — число та байти одночасно",[3424,5084,5085,5086,4200],{},"Класичний приклад мережевого програмування: IPv4-адреса являє собою 32-бітне беззнакове ціле число, але часто потрібно отримати доступ до окремих октетів (октет = байт = одна частина адреси виду ",[3414,5087,5088],{},"192.168.1.1",[3458,5090,5093],{"className":3460,"code":5091,"filename":5092,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n\nunion IPv4\n{\n    uint32_t address;    \u002F\u002F вся адреса як 32-бітне число (big-endian)\n    uint8_t  octets[4]; \u002F\u002F ті самі 4 байти як окремі октети\n};\n\n\u002F\u002F Допоміжна функція для виведення адреси у форматі X.X.X.X\nvoid printIPv4(const IPv4& ip)\n{\n    \u002F\u002F Порядок октетів залежить від endianness.\n    \u002F\u002F На little-endian (x86) найстарший октет — octets[3].\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cint>(ip.octets[3]) \u003C\u003C \".\"\n              \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cint>(ip.octets[2]) \u003C\u003C \".\"\n              \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cint>(ip.octets[1]) \u003C\u003C \".\"\n              \u003C\u003C static_cast\u003Cint>(ip.octets[0]) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    IPv4 ip;\n    \u002F\u002F Задаємо адресу 192.168.1.100 як 32-бітне число\n    \u002F\u002F 192 = 0xC0, 168 = 0xA8, 1 = 0x01, 100 = 0x64\n    ip.address = 0xC0A80164; \u002F\u002F big-endian представлення\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"address (hex): 0x\" \u003C\u003C std::hex \u003C\u003C ip.address \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"IPv4 string:   \";\n    printIPv4(ip);\n\n    \u002F\u002F Задаємо через октети\n    ip.octets[3] = 10;  \u002F\u002F 10.\n    ip.octets[2] = 0;   \u002F\u002F  0.\n    ip.octets[1] = 0;   \u002F\u002F  0.\n    ip.octets[0] = 1;   \u002F\u002F  1\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"New address:   \";\n    printIPv4(ip);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","IPv4Union.cpp",[3414,5094,5095,5101,5107,5111,5118,5122,5132,5148,5152,5156,5161,5184,5188,5193,5198,5230,5257,5284,5316,5320,5324,5332,5336,5341,5346,5351,5371,5375,5406,5417,5425,5429,5434,5457,5479,5500,5522,5527,5539,5546,5551,5560],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,5096,5097,5099],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,5098,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5100,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,5102,5103,5105],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,5104,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5106,3707],{"class":3699},[3467,5108,5109],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,5110,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5112,5113,5115],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,5114,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,5116,5117],{"class":3477}," IPv4\n",[3467,5119,5120],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,5121,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5123,5124,5126,5129],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,5125,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,5127,5128],{"class":3484}," address;",[3467,5130,5131],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F вся адреса як 32-бітне число (big-endian)\n",[3467,5133,5134,5136,5139,5141,5143,5145],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,5135,4256],{"class":3473},[3467,5137,5138],{"class":3885},"  octets",[3467,5140,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5142,4061],{"class":3897},[3467,5144,4749],{"class":3484},[3467,5146,5147],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F ті самі 4 байти як окремі октети\n",[3467,5149,5150],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,5151,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,5153,5154],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,5155,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5157,5158],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,5159,5160],{"class":3497},"\u002F\u002F Допоміжна функція для виведення адреси у форматі X.X.X.X\n",[3467,5162,5163,5165,5168,5170,5173,5176,5179,5182],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,5164,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,5166,5167],{"class":3795}," printIPv4",[3467,5169,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,5171,5172],{"class":3473},"const",[3467,5174,5175],{"class":3477}," IPv4",[3467,5177,5178],{"class":3473},"&",[3467,5180,5181],{"class":3885}," ip",[3467,5183,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,5185,5186],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,5187,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5189,5190],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,5191,5192],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Порядок октетів залежить від endianness.\n",[3467,5194,5195],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,5196,5197],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F На little-endian (x86) найстарший октет — octets[3].\n",[3467,5199,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5215,5217,5220,5222,5224,5227],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,5201,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5203,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5205,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,5207,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,5209,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5211,4954],{"class":3484},[3467,5213,5214],{"class":3885},"ip",[3467,5216,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5218,5219],{"class":3885},"octets",[3467,5221,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5223,4078],{"class":3897},[3467,5225,5226],{"class":3484},"]) \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5228,5229],{"class":3699},"\".\"\n",[3467,5231,5232,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,5233,5234],{"class":3484},"              \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5236,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,5238,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,5240,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5242,4954],{"class":3484},[3467,5244,5214],{"class":3885},[3467,5246,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5248,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5250,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5252,4937],{"class":3897},[3467,5254,5226],{"class":3484},[3467,5256,5229],{"class":3699},[3467,5258,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5280,5282],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,5260,5234],{"class":3484},[3467,5262,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,5264,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,5266,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5268,4954],{"class":3484},[3467,5270,5214],{"class":3885},[3467,5272,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5274,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5276,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5278,5279],{"class":3897},"1",[3467,5281,5226],{"class":3484},[3467,5283,5229],{"class":3699},[3467,5285,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,5287,5234],{"class":3484},[3467,5289,4440],{"class":3473},[3467,5291,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,5293,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5295,4954],{"class":3484},[3467,5297,5214],{"class":3885},[3467,5299,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5301,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5303,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5305,4900],{"class":3897},[3467,5307,5226],{"class":3484},[3467,5309,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5311,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5313,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5315,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5317,5318],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,5319,4026],{"class":3484},[3467,5321,5322],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,5323,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5325,5326,5328,5330],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,5327,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5329,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,5331,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,5333,5334],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,5335,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5337,5338],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,5339,5340],{"class":3484},"    IPv4 ip;\n",[3467,5342,5343],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,5344,5345],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Задаємо адресу 192.168.1.100 як 32-бітне число\n",[3467,5347,5348],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,5349,5350],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F 192 = 0xC0, 168 = 0xA8, 1 = 0x01, 100 = 0x64\n",[3467,5352,5353,5356,5358,5361,5363,5366,5368],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,5354,5355],{"class":3885},"    ip",[3467,5357,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5359,5360],{"class":3885},"address",[3467,5362,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,5364,5365],{"class":3897},"0xC0A80164",[3467,5367,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,5369,5370],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F big-endian представлення\n",[3467,5372,5373],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,5374,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5376,5377,5379,5381,5384,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,5378,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5380,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5382,5383],{"class":3699},"\"address (hex): 0x\"",[3467,5385,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,5387,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,5389,4813],{"class":3484},[3467,5391,5214],{"class":3885},[3467,5393,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5395,5360],{"class":3885},[3467,5397,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,5399,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5401,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5403,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5405,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5407,5408,5410,5412,5415],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,5409,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5411,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5413,5414],{"class":3699},"\"IPv4 string:   \"",[3467,5416,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5418,5419,5422],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,5420,5421],{"class":3795},"    printIPv4",[3467,5423,5424],{"class":3484},"(ip);\n",[3467,5426,5427],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,5428,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5430,5431],{"class":3469,"line":4023},[3467,5432,5433],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Задаємо через октети\n",[3467,5435,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5449,5452,5454],{"class":3469,"line":4597},[3467,5437,5355],{"class":3885},[3467,5439,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5441,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5443,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5445,4078],{"class":3897},[3467,5447,5448],{"class":3484},"] = ",[3467,5450,5451],{"class":3897},"10",[3467,5453,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,5455,5456],{"class":3497},"  \u002F\u002F 10.\n",[3467,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476],{"class":3469,"line":5459},34,[3467,5461,5355],{"class":3885},[3467,5463,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5465,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5467,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5469,4937],{"class":3897},[3467,5471,5448],{"class":3484},[3467,5473,4900],{"class":3897},[3467,5475,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,5477,5478],{"class":3497},"   \u002F\u002F  0.\n",[3467,5480,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498],{"class":3469,"line":5481},35,[3467,5483,5355],{"class":3885},[3467,5485,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5487,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5489,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5491,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,5493,5448],{"class":3484},[3467,5495,4900],{"class":3897},[3467,5497,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,5499,5478],{"class":3497},[3467,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519],{"class":3469,"line":5502},36,[3467,5504,5355],{"class":3885},[3467,5506,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5508,5219],{"class":3885},[3467,5510,4744],{"class":3484},[3467,5512,4900],{"class":3897},[3467,5514,5448],{"class":3484},[3467,5516,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,5518,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,5520,5521],{"class":3497},"   \u002F\u002F  1\n",[3467,5523,5525],{"class":3469,"line":5524},37,[3467,5526,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5528,5530,5532,5534,5537],{"class":3469,"line":5529},38,[3467,5531,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5533,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5535,5536],{"class":3699},"\"New address:   \"",[3467,5538,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5540,5542,5544],{"class":3469,"line":5541},39,[3467,5543,5421],{"class":3795},[3467,5545,5424],{"class":3484},[3467,5547,5549],{"class":3469,"line":5548},40,[3467,5550,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5552,5554,5556,5558],{"class":3469,"line":5553},41,[3467,5555,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,5557,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,5559,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5561,5563],{"class":3469,"line":5562},42,[3467,5564,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,5566,5568,5577,5585,5593,5601],{"title":5567},".\u002FIPv4Union",[4032,5569,5571,4040,5574],{"className":5570},[3469],[3467,5572,4039],{"className":5573},[4038],[3434,5575,5567],{"className":5576},[4044],[4032,5578,5580,5581],{"className":5579},[3469],"address (hex): ",[3467,5582,5584],{"className":5583},[4052],"0xc0a80164",[4032,5586,5588,5589],{"className":5587},[3469],"IPv4 string:   ",[3467,5590,5592],{"className":5591},[4086],"192.168.1.100",[4032,5594,5596,5597],{"className":5595},[3469],"New address:   ",[3467,5598,5600],{"className":5599},[4086],"10.0.0.1",[4032,5602,4082,5604,3532],{"className":5603},[3469],[3467,5605,4087],{"className":5606},[4086,4044],[4215,5608,5610,5611],{"id":5609},"застосування-2-floating-point-хак-читання-бітів-float","Застосування 2: Floating-point хак — читання бітів ",[3414,5612,3440],{},[3424,5614,5615,5616,5619,5620,5622],{},"Формат ",[3414,5617,5618],{},"IEEE 754"," описує, як ",[3414,5621,3440],{}," зберігається у пам'яті: 1 біт знаку, 8 біт експоненти, 23 біти мантиси. Іноді потрібно отримати прямий доступ до цих бітів — наприклад, для реалізації швидкого зворотного квадратного кореня (знаменитий алгоритм Quake III).",[3458,5624,5627],{"className":3460,"code":5625,"filename":5626,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n#include \u003Ciomanip>\n#include \u003Cbitset>\n\nunion FloatBits\n{\n    float    f;\n    uint32_t bits;\n};\n\nvoid printFloatBits(float value)\n{\n    FloatBits fb;\n    fb.f = value;\n\n    \u002F\u002F Розкладаємо 32 біти за IEEE 754\n    uint32_t sign     = (fb.bits >> 31) & 0x1;\n    uint32_t exponent = (fb.bits >> 23) & 0xFF;\n    uint32_t mantissa =  fb.bits        & 0x7FFFFF;\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"float \" \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C \":\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  bits:     \" \u003C\u003C std::bitset\u003C32>(fb.bits) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  sign:     \" \u003C\u003C sign \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  exponent: \" \u003C\u003C exponent \u003C\u003C \" (bias=\" \u003C\u003C (int(exponent) - 127) \u003C\u003C \")\\n\";\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"  mantissa: \" \u003C\u003C std::hex \u003C\u003C mantissa \u003C\u003C std::dec \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    printFloatBits(1.0f);\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    printFloatBits(-3.14f);\n    return 0;\n}\n","FloatBits.cpp",[3414,5628,5629,5635,5641,5647,5654,5658,5665,5669,5676,5683,5687,5691,5707,5711,5716,5729,5733,5738,5767,5792,5813,5817,5838,5879,5899,5936,5965,5969,5973,5981,5985,5997,6011,6023,6031],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,5630,5631,5633],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,5632,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5634,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,5636,5637,5639],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,5638,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5640,3707],{"class":3699},[3467,5642,5643,5645],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,5644,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5646,4709],{"class":3699},[3467,5648,5649,5651],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,5650,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,5652,5653],{"class":3699}," \u003Cbitset>\n",[3467,5655,5656],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,5657,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5659,5660,5662],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,5661,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,5663,5664],{"class":3477}," FloatBits\n",[3467,5666,5667],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,5668,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5670,5671,5673],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,5672,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,5674,5675],{"class":3484},"    f;\n",[3467,5677,5678,5680],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,5679,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,5681,5682],{"class":3484}," bits;\n",[3467,5684,5685],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,5686,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,5688,5689],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,5690,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5692,5693,5695,5698,5700,5702,5705],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,5694,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,5696,5697],{"class":3795}," printFloatBits",[3467,5699,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,5701,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,5703,5704],{"class":3885}," value",[3467,5706,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,5708,5709],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,5710,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5712,5713],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,5714,5715],{"class":3484},"    FloatBits fb;\n",[3467,5717,5718,5721,5723,5726],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,5719,5720],{"class":3885},"    fb",[3467,5722,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5724,5725],{"class":3885},"f",[3467,5727,5728],{"class":3484}," = value;\n",[3467,5730,5731],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,5732,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5734,5735],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,5736,5737],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Розкладаємо 32 біти за IEEE 754\n",[3467,5739,5740,5742,5745,5748,5750,5753,5756,5759,5762,5765],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,5741,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,5743,5744],{"class":3484}," sign     = (",[3467,5746,5747],{"class":3885},"fb",[3467,5749,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5751,5752],{"class":3885},"bits",[3467,5754,5755],{"class":3484}," >> ",[3467,5757,5758],{"class":3897},"31",[3467,5760,5761],{"class":3484},") & ",[3467,5763,5764],{"class":3897},"0x1",[3467,5766,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5768,5769,5771,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782,5785,5787,5790],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,5770,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,5772,5773],{"class":3484}," exponent = (",[3467,5775,5747],{"class":3885},[3467,5777,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5779,5752],{"class":3885},[3467,5781,5755],{"class":3484},[3467,5783,5784],{"class":3897},"23",[3467,5786,5761],{"class":3484},[3467,5788,5789],{"class":3897},"0xFF",[3467,5791,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5793,5794,5796,5799,5801,5803,5805,5808,5811],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,5795,3504],{"class":3473},[3467,5797,5798],{"class":3484}," mantissa =  ",[3467,5800,5747],{"class":3885},[3467,5802,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5804,5752],{"class":3885},[3467,5806,5807],{"class":3484},"        & ",[3467,5809,5810],{"class":3897},"0x7FFFFF",[3467,5812,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5814,5815],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,5816,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5818,5819,5821,5823,5826,5829,5832,5834,5836],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,5820,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5822,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5824,5825],{"class":3699},"\"float \"",[3467,5827,5828],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5830,5831],{"class":3699},"\":",[3467,5833,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5835,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5837,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5839,5840,5842,5844,5847,5849,5851,5853,5856,5858,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,5841,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5843,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5845,5846],{"class":3699},"\"  bits:     \"",[3467,5848,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,5850,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,5852,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,5854,5855],{"class":3795},"bitset",[3467,5857,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,5859,5860],{"class":3897},"32",[3467,5862,4954],{"class":3484},[3467,5864,5747],{"class":3885},[3467,5866,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,5868,5752],{"class":3885},[3467,5870,4533],{"class":3484},[3467,5872,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5874,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5876,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5878,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5880,5881,5883,5885,5888,5891,5893,5895,5897],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,5882,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5884,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5886,5887],{"class":3699},"\"  sign:     \"",[3467,5889,5890],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C sign \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5892,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5894,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5896,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5898,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5900,5901,5903,5905,5908,5911,5914,5917,5919,5922,5925,5927,5930,5932,5934],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,5902,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5904,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5906,5907],{"class":3699},"\"  exponent: \"",[3467,5909,5910],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C exponent \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5912,5913],{"class":3699},"\" (bias=\"",[3467,5915,5916],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C (",[3467,5918,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5920,5921],{"class":3484},"(exponent) - ",[3467,5923,5924],{"class":3897},"127",[3467,5926,4533],{"class":3484},[3467,5928,5929],{"class":3699},"\")",[3467,5931,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5933,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5935,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5937,5938,5940,5942,5945,5947,5949,5952,5954,5957,5959,5961,5963],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,5939,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,5941,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,5943,5944],{"class":3699},"\"  mantissa: \"",[3467,5946,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,5948,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,5950,5951],{"class":3484},"::hex \u003C\u003C mantissa \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5953,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,5955,5956],{"class":3484},"::dec \u003C\u003C ",[3467,5958,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5960,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,5962,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,5964,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,5966,5967],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,5968,4026],{"class":3484},[3467,5970,5971],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,5972,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,5974,5975,5977,5979],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,5976,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,5978,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,5980,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,5982,5983],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,5984,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,5986,5987,5990,5992,5995],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,5988,5989],{"class":3795},"    printFloatBits",[3467,5991,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,5993,5994],{"class":3897},"1.0f",[3467,5996,4830],{"class":3484},[3467,5998,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009],{"class":3469,"line":4023},[3467,6000,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,6002,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6004,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6006,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6008,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6010,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6012,6013,6015,6018,6021],{"class":3469,"line":4597},[3467,6014,5989],{"class":3795},[3467,6016,6017],{"class":3484},"(-",[3467,6019,6020],{"class":3897},"3.14f",[3467,6022,4830],{"class":3484},[3467,6024,6025,6027,6029],{"class":3469,"line":5459},[3467,6026,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,6028,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,6030,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6032,6033],{"class":3469,"line":5481},[3467,6034,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,6036,6038,6047,6054,6062,6069,6081,6088,6092,6099,6106,6113,6123,6130],{"title":6037},".\u002FFloatBits",[4032,6039,6041,4040,6044],{"className":6040},[3469],[3467,6042,4039],{"className":6043},[4038],[3434,6045,6037],{"className":6046},[4044],[4032,6048,6050,6051,3570],{"className":6049},[3469],"float ",[3467,6052,5279],{"className":6053},[4052],[4032,6055,6057,6058],{"className":6056},[3469],"  bits:     ",[3467,6059,6061],{"className":6060},[4633],"00111111100000000000000000000000",[4032,6063,6065,6066],{"className":6064},[3469],"  sign:     ",[3467,6067,4900],{"className":6068},[4052],[4032,6070,6072,6073,6076,6077,6080],{"className":6071},[3469],"  exponent: ",[3467,6074,5924],{"className":6075},[4052]," (bias=",[3467,6078,4900],{"className":6079},[4052],")",[4032,6082,6084,6085],{"className":6083},[3469],"  mantissa: ",[3467,6086,4900],{"className":6087},[4052],[4032,6089,6091],{"className":6090},[3469]," ",[4032,6093,6050,6095,3570],{"className":6094},[3469],[3467,6096,6098],{"className":6097},[4052],"-3.14",[4032,6100,6057,6102],{"className":6101},[3469],[3467,6103,6105],{"className":6104},[4633],"11000000010010001111010111000011",[4032,6107,6065,6109],{"className":6108},[3469],[3467,6110,5279],{"className":6111},[6112],"text-red-400",[4032,6114,6072,6116,6076,6120,6080],{"className":6115},[3469],[3467,6117,6119],{"className":6118},[4052],"128",[3467,6121,5279],{"className":6122},[4052],[4032,6124,6084,6126],{"className":6125},[3469],[3467,6127,6129],{"className":6128},[4052],"48f5c3",[4032,6131,4082,6133,3532],{"className":6132},[3469],[3467,6134,4087],{"className":6135},[4086,4044],[3534,6137,6138,6139,6141,6142,6144,6145,6148,6149,6152,6153,6155],{},"Саме цю техніку — запис в ",[3414,6140,3440],{},", читання через ",[3414,6143,3449],{}," — використовував знаменитий швидкий алгоритм ",[3414,6146,6147],{},"Q_rsqrt"," у Quake III (1999). Зараз для цього рекомендується ",[3414,6150,6151],{},"std::bit_cast\u003Cuint32_t>(f)"," (C++20), але розуміння механіки через ",[3414,6154,3416],{}," будує правильну ментальну модель.",[4215,6157,6159,6160,6162],{"id":6158},"застосування-3-анонімні-union-у-структурах","Застосування 3: Анонімні ",[3414,6161,3416],{}," у структурах",[3424,6164,6165,6167,6168,6171],{},[3414,6166,3416],{}," може бути ",[3434,6169,6170],{},"анонімним"," — без імені. У такому разі його члени стають доступними безпосередньо через батьківський об'єкт. Це зручно для моделювання варіантних даних у структурах:",[3458,6173,6176],{"className":3460,"code":6174,"filename":6175,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n#include \u003Ccstdint>\n\n\u002F\u002F Повідомлення системи подій — може нести або ціле число, або дійсне\nstruct Event\n{\n    enum class Type { Integer, Float };\n\n    Type type; \u002F\u002F який член активний\n\n    union \u002F\u002F анонімний union — члени доступні без імені\n    {\n        int32_t intValue;\n        float   floatValue;\n    };\n};\n\nvoid printEvent(const Event& e)\n{\n    switch (e.type)\n    {\n        case Event::Type::Integer:\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Event(int):   \" \u003C\u003C e.intValue   \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n            break;\n        case Event::Type::Float:\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Event(float): \" \u003C\u003C e.floatValue \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n            break;\n    }\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    Event e1;\n    e1.type     = Event::Type::Integer;\n    e1.intValue = 42; \u002F\u002F доступ без імені union — одразу через структуру\n\n    Event e2;\n    e2.type       = Event::Type::Float;\n    e2.floatValue = 3.14f;\n\n    printEvent(e1);\n    printEvent(e2);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","AnonymousUnion.cpp",[3414,6177,6178,6184,6191,6197,6201,6206,6213,6217,6244,6248,6256,6260,6268,6273,6281,6289,6294,6298,6302,6323,6327,6344,6348,6363,6393,6400,6413,6441,6447,6452,6456,6460,6468,6472,6477,6499,6517,6521,6526,6547,6561,6565,6573,6581,6586,6595],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,6179,6180,6182],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,6181,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,6183,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,6185,6186,6188],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,6187,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,6189,6190],{"class":3699}," \u003Cstring>\n",[3467,6192,6193,6195],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,6194,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,6196,3707],{"class":3699},[3467,6198,6199],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,6200,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6202,6203],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,6204,6205],{"class":3497},"\u002F\u002F Повідомлення системи подій — може нести або ціле число, або дійсне\n",[3467,6207,6208,6210],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,6209,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,6211,6212],{"class":3477}," Event\n",[3467,6214,6215],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,6216,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,6218,6219,6222,6225,6228,6231,6235,6238,6241],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,6220,6221],{"class":3473},"    enum",[3467,6223,6224],{"class":3473}," class",[3467,6226,6227],{"class":3477}," Type",[3467,6229,6230],{"class":3484}," { ",[3467,6232,6234],{"class":6233},"s-QsJ","Integer",[3467,6236,6237],{"class":3484},", ",[3467,6239,6240],{"class":6233},"Float",[3467,6242,6243],{"class":3484}," };\n",[3467,6245,6246],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,6247,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6249,6250,6253],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,6251,6252],{"class":3484},"    Type type;",[3467,6254,6255],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F який член активний\n",[3467,6257,6258],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,6259,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6261,6262,6265],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,6263,6264],{"class":3473},"    union",[3467,6266,6267],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F анонімний union — члени доступні без імені\n",[3467,6269,6270],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,6271,6272],{"class":3484},"    {\n",[3467,6274,6275,6278],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,6276,6277],{"class":3473},"        int32_t",[3467,6279,6280],{"class":3484}," intValue;\n",[3467,6282,6283,6286],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,6284,6285],{"class":3473},"        float",[3467,6287,6288],{"class":3484},"   floatValue;\n",[3467,6290,6291],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,6292,6293],{"class":3484},"    };\n",[3467,6295,6296],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,6297,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,6299,6300],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,6301,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6303,6304,6306,6309,6311,6313,6316,6318,6321],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,6305,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,6307,6308],{"class":3795}," printEvent",[3467,6310,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,6312,5172],{"class":3473},[3467,6314,6315],{"class":3477}," Event",[3467,6317,5178],{"class":3473},[3467,6319,6320],{"class":3885}," e",[3467,6322,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,6324,6325],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,6326,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,6328,6329,6332,6334,6337,6339,6342],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,6330,6331],{"class":3695},"    switch",[3467,6333,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,6335,6336],{"class":3885},"e",[3467,6338,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6340,6341],{"class":3885},"type",[3467,6343,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,6345,6346],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,6347,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,6349,6350,6353,6355,6357,6360],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,6351,6352],{"class":3695},"        case",[3467,6354,6315],{"class":3477},[3467,6356,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,6358,6359],{"class":3477},"Type",[3467,6361,6362],{"class":3484},"::Integer:\n",[3467,6364,6365,6368,6370,6373,6375,6377,6379,6382,6385,6387,6389,6391],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,6366,6367],{"class":3477},"            std",[3467,6369,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6371,6372],{"class":3699},"\"Event(int):   \"",[3467,6374,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6376,6336],{"class":3885},[3467,6378,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6380,6381],{"class":3885},"intValue",[3467,6383,6384],{"class":3484},"   \u003C\u003C ",[3467,6386,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6388,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6390,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6392,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6394,6395,6398],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,6396,6397],{"class":3695},"            break",[3467,6399,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6401,6402,6404,6406,6408,6410],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,6403,6352],{"class":3695},[3467,6405,6315],{"class":3477},[3467,6407,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,6409,6359],{"class":3477},[3467,6411,6412],{"class":3484},"::Float:\n",[3467,6414,6415,6417,6419,6422,6424,6426,6428,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,6416,6367],{"class":3477},[3467,6418,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6420,6421],{"class":3699},"\"Event(float): \"",[3467,6423,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6425,6336],{"class":3885},[3467,6427,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6429,6430],{"class":3885},"floatValue",[3467,6432,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6434,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6436,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6438,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6440,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6442,6443,6445],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,6444,6397],{"class":3695},[3467,6446,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6448,6449],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,6450,6451],{"class":3484},"    }\n",[3467,6453,6454],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,6455,4026],{"class":3484},[3467,6457,6458],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,6459,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6461,6462,6464,6466],{"class":3469,"line":4023},[3467,6463,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,6465,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,6467,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,6469,6470],{"class":3469,"line":4597},[3467,6471,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,6473,6474],{"class":3469,"line":5459},[3467,6475,6476],{"class":3484},"    Event e1;\n",[3467,6478,6479,6482,6484,6486,6489,6492,6494,6496],{"class":3469,"line":5481},[3467,6480,6481],{"class":3885},"    e1",[3467,6483,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6485,6341],{"class":3885},[3467,6487,6488],{"class":3484},"     = ",[3467,6490,6491],{"class":3477},"Event",[3467,6493,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,6495,6359],{"class":3477},[3467,6497,6498],{"class":3484},"::Integer;\n",[3467,6500,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6512,6514],{"class":3469,"line":5502},[3467,6502,6481],{"class":3885},[3467,6504,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6506,6381],{"class":3885},[3467,6508,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,6510,6511],{"class":3897},"42",[3467,6513,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6515,6516],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F доступ без імені union — одразу через структуру\n",[3467,6518,6519],{"class":3469,"line":5524},[3467,6520,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6522,6523],{"class":3469,"line":5529},[3467,6524,6525],{"class":3484},"    Event e2;\n",[3467,6527,6528,6531,6533,6535,6538,6540,6542,6544],{"class":3469,"line":5541},[3467,6529,6530],{"class":3885},"    e2",[3467,6532,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6534,6341],{"class":3885},[3467,6536,6537],{"class":3484},"       = ",[3467,6539,6491],{"class":3477},[3467,6541,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,6543,6359],{"class":3477},[3467,6545,6546],{"class":3484},"::Float;\n",[3467,6548,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559],{"class":3469,"line":5548},[3467,6550,6530],{"class":3885},[3467,6552,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6554,6430],{"class":3885},[3467,6556,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,6558,6020],{"class":3897},[3467,6560,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6562,6563],{"class":3469,"line":5553},[3467,6564,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6566,6567,6570],{"class":3469,"line":5562},[3467,6568,6569],{"class":3795},"    printEvent",[3467,6571,6572],{"class":3484},"(e1);\n",[3467,6574,6576,6578],{"class":3469,"line":6575},43,[3467,6577,6569],{"class":3795},[3467,6579,6580],{"class":3484},"(e2);\n",[3467,6582,6584],{"class":3469,"line":6583},44,[3467,6585,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6587,6589,6591,6593],{"class":3469,"line":6588},45,[3467,6590,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,6592,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,6594,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6596,6598],{"class":3469,"line":6597},46,[3467,6599,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,6601,6603,6612,6619,6627],{"title":6602},".\u002FAnonymousUnion",[4032,6604,6606,4040,6609],{"className":6605},[3469],[3467,6607,4039],{"className":6608},[4038],[3434,6610,6602],{"className":6611},[4044],[4032,6613,6615,6616],{"className":6614},[3469],"Event(int):   ",[3467,6617,6511],{"className":6618},[4052],[4032,6620,6622,6623],{"className":6621},[3469],"Event(float): ",[3467,6624,6626],{"className":6625},[4052],"3.14",[4032,6628,4082,6630,3532],{"className":6629},[3469],[3467,6631,4087],{"className":6632},[4086,4044],[3424,6634,6635,6636,6639,6640,6643,6644,6646],{},"Зверніть: ",[3414,6637,6638],{},"e1.intValue"," — не ",[3414,6641,6642],{},"e1.data.intValue",". Анонімний ",[3414,6645,3416],{}," «розчиняє» своїх членів у просторі імен батьківської структури. Це дозволяє будувати чисті API без зайвих рівнів іменування.",[3543,6648],{},[3419,6650,6652,6653],{"id":6651},"undefined-behavior-найнебезпечніша-пастка-union","Undefined Behavior: найнебезпечніша пастка ",[3414,6654,3416],{},[3424,6656,6657],{},"Тут починається частина, яку необхідно засвоїти найретельніше.",[4215,6659,6661],{"id":6660},"правило-активного-члена","Правило активного члена",[3424,6663,6664,6665,4040,6667,6670,6671,6674,6675,6678],{},"У будь-який момент часу в ",[3414,6666,3416],{},[3434,6668,6669],{},"активним є лише той член, в який останній раз записали",". Читання будь-якого ",[3434,6672,6673],{},"іншого"," члена — це ",[3434,6676,6677],{},"Undefined Behavior"," (UB).",[3458,6680,6683],{"className":3460,"code":6681,"filename":6682,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nunion Data\n{\n    int   i;\n    float f;\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Data d;\n    d.i = 42;              \u002F\u002F записали int → i є активним членом\n\n    \u002F\u002F Законно: читаємо активний член\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C d.i \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 42\n\n    \u002F\u002F UNDEFINED BEHAVIOR: читаємо f, але активний член — i\n    \u002F\u002F Компілятор може зробити що завгодно: вивести сміття,\n    \u002F\u002F оптимізувати до нуля або спричинити інший непередбачуваний ефект\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C d.f \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F UB!\n\n    d.f = 1.5f;            \u002F\u002F записали float → тепер f є активним членом\n    \u002F\u002F Тепер законно читати f, але i вже не активний\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C d.f \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 1.5 — OK\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C d.i \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F UB!\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","UBExample.cpp",[3414,6684,6685,6691,6695,6702,6706,6713,6720,6724,6728,6736,6740,6745,6764,6768,6773,6799,6803,6808,6813,6818,6843,6847,6865,6870,6895,6919,6923,6931],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,6686,6687,6689],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,6688,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,6690,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,6692,6693],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,6694,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6696,6697,6699],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,6698,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,6700,6701],{"class":3477}," Data\n",[3467,6703,6704],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,6705,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,6707,6708,6710],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,6709,3591],{"class":3473},[3467,6711,6712],{"class":3484},"   i;\n",[3467,6714,6715,6717],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,6716,3491],{"class":3473},[3467,6718,6719],{"class":3484}," f;\n",[3467,6721,6722],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,6723,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,6725,6726],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,6727,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6729,6730,6732,6734],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,6731,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,6733,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,6735,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,6737,6738],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,6739,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,6741,6742],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,6743,6744],{"class":3484},"    Data d;\n",[3467,6746,6747,6750,6752,6755,6757,6759,6761],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,6748,6749],{"class":3885},"    d",[3467,6751,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6753,6754],{"class":3885},"i",[3467,6756,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,6758,6511],{"class":3897},[3467,6760,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6762,6763],{"class":3497},"              \u002F\u002F записали int → i є активним членом\n",[3467,6765,6766],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,6767,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6769,6770],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,6771,6772],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Законно: читаємо активний член\n",[3467,6774,6775,6777,6779,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,6776,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,6778,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6780,6781],{"class":3885},"d",[3467,6783,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6785,6754],{"class":3885},[3467,6787,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6789,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6791,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6793,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6795,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6797,6798],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 42\n",[3467,6800,6801],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,6802,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6804,6805],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,6806,6807],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F UNDEFINED BEHAVIOR: читаємо f, але активний член — i\n",[3467,6809,6810],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,6811,6812],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Компілятор може зробити що завгодно: вивести сміття,\n",[3467,6814,6815],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,6816,6817],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F оптимізувати до нуля або спричинити інший непередбачуваний ефект\n",[3467,6819,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,6821,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,6823,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6825,6781],{"class":3885},[3467,6827,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6829,5725],{"class":3885},[3467,6831,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6833,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6835,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6837,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6839,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6841,6842],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F UB!\n",[3467,6844,6845],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,6846,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6848,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857,6860,6862],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,6850,6749],{"class":3885},[3467,6852,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6854,5725],{"class":3885},[3467,6856,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,6858,6859],{"class":3897},"1.5f",[3467,6861,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6863,6864],{"class":3497},"            \u002F\u002F записали float → тепер f є активним членом\n",[3467,6866,6867],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,6868,6869],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Тепер законно читати f, але i вже не активний\n",[3467,6871,6872,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,6873,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,6875,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6877,6781],{"class":3885},[3467,6879,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6881,5725],{"class":3885},[3467,6883,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6885,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6887,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6889,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6891,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6893,6894],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 1.5 — OK\n",[3467,6896,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,6898,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,6900,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,6902,6781],{"class":3885},[3467,6904,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,6906,6754],{"class":3885},[3467,6908,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,6910,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6912,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,6914,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,6916,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,6918,6842],{"class":3497},[3467,6920,6921],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,6922,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,6924,6925,6927,6929],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,6926,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,6928,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,6930,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,6932,6933],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,6934,4026],{"class":3484},[6936,6937,6938,6939,6941,6942,6944,6945,6948,6949,6952,6953,6956],"caution",{},"Читання не-активного члена ",[3414,6940,3416],{}," є ",[3434,6943,6677],{}," у стандарті C++. На практиці це часто «працює» — компілятор просто реінтерпретує байти. Але покладатися на це ",[3434,6946,6947],{},"заборонено",": компілятор може оптимізувати код із UB непередбачуваним чином, особливо при увімкнутих ",[3414,6950,6951],{},"-O2","\u002F",[3414,6954,6955],{},"-O3",". Те, що «спрацювало» на одному компіляторі, може дати неправильний результат на іншому або після оновлення компілятора.",[4215,6958,6960],{"id":6959},"виняток-common-initial-sequence","Виняток: «common initial sequence»",[3424,6962,6963,6964,6966,6967,6970],{},"C++ дозволяє одне конкретне виключення з правила активного члена. Якщо кілька членів ",[3414,6965,3416],{}," є структурами із ",[3434,6968,6969],{},"спільною початковою послідовністю"," (common initial sequence) полів однакових типів, читання цих спільних полів через будь-який із цих членів є законним.",[3458,6972,6974],{"className":3460,"code":6973,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"struct TypeA { int kind; double value; };\nstruct TypeB { int kind; float  data;  };\n\nunion Variant\n{\n    TypeA a;\n    TypeB b;\n};\n\nVariant v;\nv.a.kind = 1; \u002F\u002F записали через a\n\u002F\u002F Законно! kind — перше поле обох структур однакового типу (int)\nstd::cout \u003C\u003C v.b.kind; \u002F\u002F OK — common initial sequence\n\u002F\u002F Незаконно: v.b.data читає після common initial sequence\n",[3414,6975,6976,6996,7014,7018,7025,7029,7034,7039,7043,7047,7052,7076,7081,7103],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,6977,6978,6980,6983,6985,6987,6990,6993],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,6979,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,6981,6982],{"class":3477}," TypeA",[3467,6984,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,6986,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,6988,6989],{"class":3484}," kind; ",[3467,6991,6992],{"class":3473},"double",[3467,6994,6995],{"class":3484}," value; };\n",[3467,6997,6998,7000,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,6999,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,7001,7002],{"class":3477}," TypeB",[3467,7004,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,7006,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7008,6989],{"class":3484},[3467,7010,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,7012,7013],{"class":3484},"  data;  };\n",[3467,7015,7016],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,7017,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7019,7020,7022],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,7021,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,7023,7024],{"class":3477}," Variant\n",[3467,7026,7027],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,7028,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,7030,7031],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,7032,7033],{"class":3484},"    TypeA a;\n",[3467,7035,7036],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,7037,7038],{"class":3484},"    TypeB b;\n",[3467,7040,7041],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,7042,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,7044,7045],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,7046,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7048,7049],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,7050,7051],{"class":3484},"Variant v;\n",[3467,7053,7054,7057,7059,7062,7064,7067,7069,7071,7073],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,7055,7056],{"class":3885},"v",[3467,7058,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7060,7061],{"class":3885},"a",[3467,7063,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7065,7066],{"class":3885},"kind",[3467,7068,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,7070,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,7072,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7074,7075],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F записали через a\n",[3467,7077,7078],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,7079,7080],{"class":3497},"\u002F\u002F Законно! kind — перше поле обох структур однакового типу (int)\n",[3467,7082,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7094,7096,7098,7100],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,7084,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7086,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7088,7056],{"class":3885},[3467,7090,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7092,7093],{"class":3885},"b",[3467,7095,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7097,7066],{"class":3885},[3467,7099,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7101,7102],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F OK — common initial sequence\n",[3467,7104,7105],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,7106,7107],{"class":3497},"\u002F\u002F Незаконно: v.b.data читає після common initial sequence\n",[3424,7109,7110,7111,3532],{},"Цей виняток використовується у C-бібліотеках для «tagged union» патернів. У сучасному C++ перевагу надають ",[3414,7112,7113],{},"std::variant",[3543,7115],{},[3419,7117,7119,7121],{"id":7118},"union-із-нетривіальними-типами-c11",[3414,7120,3416],{}," із нетривіальними типами (C++11+)",[3424,7123,7124,7125,7127,7128,7131],{},"До C++11 ",[3414,7126,3416],{}," не міг містити члени з нетривіальними конструкторами або деструкторами (наприклад, ",[3414,7129,7130],{},"std::string","). C++11 послабив це обмеження: тепер можна, але програміст бере на себе відповідальність за ручне управління конструюванням і деструкцією.",[3458,7133,7136],{"className":3460,"code":7134,"filename":7135,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n#include \u003Cnew> \u002F\u002F для placement new\n\nunion StringOrInt\n{\n    std::string s; \u002F\u002F нетривіальний тип — має конструктор\u002Fдеструктор\n    int         i;\n\n    \u002F\u002F Компілятор видаляє конструктор і деструктор union за замовчуванням\n    StringOrInt() {} \u002F\u002F порожній конструктор — не конструює жодного члена\n    ~StringOrInt() {} \u002F\u002F порожній деструктор — не руйнує жодного члена\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    StringOrInt u;\n\n    \u002F\u002F Ручне конструювання рядка через placement new\n    new (&u.s) std::string(\"Hello, union!\");\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C u.s \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F Hello, union!\n\n    \u002F\u002F Ручне руйнування рядка перед перемиканням на int\n    u.s.~basic_string();\n\n    \u002F\u002F Тепер активний член — int\n    u.i = 99;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C u.i \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 99\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","UnionWithString.cpp",[3414,7137,7138,7144,7150,7160,7164,7171,7175,7185,7192,7196,7201,7212,7222,7226,7230,7238,7242,7247,7251,7256,7288,7313,7317,7322,7338,7342,7347,7362,7387,7391,7399],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,7139,7140,7142],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,7141,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7143,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,7145,7146,7148],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,7147,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7149,6190],{"class":3699},[3467,7151,7152,7154,7157],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,7153,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7155,7156],{"class":3699}," \u003Cnew>",[3467,7158,7159],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F для placement new\n",[3467,7161,7162],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,7163,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7165,7166,7168],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,7167,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,7169,7170],{"class":3477}," StringOrInt\n",[3467,7172,7173],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,7174,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,7176,7177,7179,7182],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,7178,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7180,7181],{"class":3484},"::string s;",[3467,7183,7184],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F нетривіальний тип — має конструктор\u002Fдеструктор\n",[3467,7186,7187,7189],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,7188,3591],{"class":3473},[3467,7190,7191],{"class":3484},"         i;\n",[3467,7193,7194],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,7195,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7197,7198],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,7199,7200],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Компілятор видаляє конструктор і деструктор union за замовчуванням\n",[3467,7202,7203,7206,7209],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,7204,7205],{"class":3795},"    StringOrInt",[3467,7207,7208],{"class":3484},"() {}",[3467,7210,7211],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F порожній конструктор — не конструює жодного члена\n",[3467,7213,7214,7217,7219],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,7215,7216],{"class":3795},"    ~StringOrInt",[3467,7218,7208],{"class":3484},[3467,7220,7221],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F порожній деструктор — не руйнує жодного члена\n",[3467,7223,7224],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,7225,3515],{"class":3484},[3467,7227,7228],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,7229,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7231,7232,7234,7236],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,7233,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7235,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,7237,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,7239,7240],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,7241,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,7243,7244],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,7245,7246],{"class":3484},"    StringOrInt u;\n",[3467,7248,7249],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,7250,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7252,7253],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,7254,7255],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Ручне конструювання рядка через placement new\n",[3467,7257,7258,7261,7264,7266,7268,7271,7274,7276,7278,7281,7283,7286],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,7259,7260],{"class":3695},"    new",[3467,7262,7263],{"class":3484}," (&",[3467,7265,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,7267,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7269,7270],{"class":3885},"s",[3467,7272,7273],{"class":3484},") ",[3467,7275,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7277,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7279,7280],{"class":3795},"string",[3467,7282,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,7284,7285],{"class":3699},"\"Hello, union!\"",[3467,7287,4830],{"class":3484},[3467,7289,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,7291,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7293,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7295,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,7297,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7299,7270],{"class":3885},[3467,7301,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7303,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7305,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7307,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7309,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7311,7312],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F Hello, union!\n",[3467,7314,7315],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,7316,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7318,7319],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,7320,7321],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Ручне руйнування рядка перед перемиканням на int\n",[3467,7323,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7335],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,7325,4782],{"class":3885},[3467,7327,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7329,7270],{"class":3885},[3467,7331,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7333,7334],{"class":3795},"~basic_string",[3467,7336,7337],{"class":3484},"();\n",[3467,7339,7340],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,7341,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7343,7344],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,7345,7346],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Тепер активний член — int\n",[3467,7348,7349,7351,7353,7355,7357,7360],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,7350,4782],{"class":3885},[3467,7352,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7354,6754],{"class":3885},[3467,7356,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,7358,7359],{"class":3897},"99",[3467,7361,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7363,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,7365,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7367,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7369,4452],{"class":3885},[3467,7371,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7373,6754],{"class":3885},[3467,7375,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7377,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7379,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7381,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7383,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7385,7386],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 99\n",[3467,7388,7389],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,7390,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7392,7393,7395,7397],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,7394,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,7396,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,7398,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7400,7401],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,7402,4026],{"class":3484},[7404,7405,7406,7407,7409,7410,3532],"warning",{},"Як видно з прикладу, ручне управління нетривіальними членами ",[3414,7408,3416],{}," — це складно і схильно до помилок. Якщо ви пропустите виклик деструктора перед перемиканням члена, стався витік пам'яті. Саме тому для варіантних типів у сучасному C++ існує ",[3414,7411,7113],{},[3543,7413],{},[3419,7415,7417,7419],{"id":7416},"stdvariant-безпечна-сучасна-альтернатива",[3414,7418,7113],{},": безпечна сучасна альтернатива",[3424,7421,7422,7423,7426,7427,7430,7431,7433],{},"C++17 додав до стандартної бібліотеки ",[3414,7424,7425],{},"std::variant\u003CT1, T2, ...>"," — тип, що зберігає ",[3434,7428,7429],{},"рівно одне значення"," з наперед заданого набору типів. Це те, що програмісти раніше реалізовували вручну через ",[3414,7432,3416],{}," + тег типу. Тепер бібліотека робить це автоматично й безпечно.",[3458,7435,7438],{"className":3460,"code":7436,"filename":7437,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvariant>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nint main()\n{\n    \u002F\u002F Variant може зберігати int, float або std::string\n    std::variant\u003Cint, float, std::string> v;\n\n    v = 42;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"int:    \" \u003C\u003C std::get\u003Cint>(v) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    v = 3.14f;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"float:  \" \u003C\u003C std::get\u003Cfloat>(v) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    v = std::string(\"Hello, variant!\");\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"string: \" \u003C\u003C std::get\u003Cstd::string>(v) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n    \u002F\u002F Запит поточного типу\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"index:  \" \u003C\u003C v.index() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F 2 (третій тип у списку)\n\n    \u002F\u002F Безпечна перевірка типу\n    if (std::holds_alternative\u003Cstd::string>(v))\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Зараз зберігається std::string\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","VariantBasic.cpp",[3414,7439,7440,7446,7453,7459,7463,7471,7475,7480,7500,7504,7513,7546,7550,7558,7589,7593,7610,7645,7649,7654,7686,7690,7695,7720,7735,7739,7747],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,7441,7442,7444],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,7443,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7445,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,7447,7448,7450],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,7449,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7451,7452],{"class":3699}," \u003Cvariant>\n",[3467,7454,7455,7457],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,7456,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7458,6190],{"class":3699},[3467,7460,7461],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,7462,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7464,7465,7467,7469],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,7466,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7468,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,7470,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,7472,7473],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,7474,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,7476,7477],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,7478,7479],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Variant може зберігати int, float або std::string\n",[3467,7481,7482,7484,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,7483,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7485,7486],{"class":3484},"::variant\u003C",[3467,7488,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7490,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,7492,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,7494,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,7496,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7498,7499],{"class":3484},"::string> v;\n",[3467,7501,7502],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,7503,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7505,7506,7509,7511],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,7507,7508],{"class":3484},"    v = ",[3467,7510,6511],{"class":3897},[3467,7512,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7514,7515,7517,7519,7522,7524,7526,7528,7531,7533,7535,7538,7540,7542,7544],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,7516,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7518,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7520,7521],{"class":3699},"\"int:    \"",[3467,7523,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7525,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7527,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7529,7530],{"class":3795},"get",[3467,7532,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7534,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7536,7537],{"class":3484},">(v) \u003C\u003C ",[3467,7539,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7541,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7543,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7545,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7547,7548],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,7549,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7551,7552,7554,7556],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,7553,7508],{"class":3484},[3467,7555,6020],{"class":3897},[3467,7557,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7559,7560,7562,7564,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575,7577,7579,7581,7583,7585,7587],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,7561,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7563,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7565,7566],{"class":3699},"\"float:  \"",[3467,7568,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7570,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7572,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7574,7530],{"class":3795},[3467,7576,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7578,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,7580,7537],{"class":3484},[3467,7582,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7584,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7586,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7588,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7590,7591],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,7592,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7594,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605,7608],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,7596,7508],{"class":3484},[3467,7598,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7600,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7602,7280],{"class":3795},[3467,7604,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,7606,7607],{"class":3699},"\"Hello, variant!\"",[3467,7609,4830],{"class":3484},[3467,7611,7612,7614,7616,7619,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,7613,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7615,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7617,7618],{"class":3699},"\"string: \"",[3467,7620,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7622,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7624,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7626,7530],{"class":3795},[3467,7628,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7630,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7632,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7634,7280],{"class":3477},[3467,7636,7537],{"class":3484},[3467,7638,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7640,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7642,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7644,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7646,7647],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,7648,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7650,7651],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,7652,7653],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Запит поточного типу\n",[3467,7655,7656,7658,7660,7663,7665,7667,7669,7672,7675,7677,7679,7681,7683],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,7657,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7659,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7661,7662],{"class":3699},"\"index:  \"",[3467,7664,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7666,7056],{"class":3885},[3467,7668,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7670,7671],{"class":3795},"index",[3467,7673,7674],{"class":3484},"() \u003C\u003C ",[3467,7676,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7678,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7680,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7682,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7684,7685],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F 2 (третій тип у списку)\n",[3467,7687,7688],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,7689,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7691,7692],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,7693,7694],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F Безпечна перевірка типу\n",[3467,7696,7697,7700,7702,7704,7706,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,7698,7699],{"class":3695},"    if",[3467,7701,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,7703,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7705,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7707,7708],{"class":3795},"holds_alternative",[3467,7710,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7712,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7714,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7716,7280],{"class":3477},[3467,7718,7719],{"class":3484},">(v))\n",[3467,7721,7722,7724,7726,7729,7731,7733],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,7723,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,7725,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7727,7728],{"class":3699},"\"Зараз зберігається std::string",[3467,7730,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7732,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7734,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7736,7737],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,7738,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7740,7741,7743,7745],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,7742,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,7744,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,7746,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7748,7749],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,7750,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,7752,7754,7763,7770,7777,7785,7792,7796],{"title":7753},".\u002FVariantBasic",[4032,7755,7757,4040,7760],{"className":7756},[3469],[3467,7758,4039],{"className":7759},[4038],[3434,7761,7753],{"className":7762},[4044],[4032,7764,7766,7767],{"className":7765},[3469],"int:    ",[3467,7768,6511],{"className":7769},[4052],[4032,7771,7773,7774],{"className":7772},[3469],"float:  ",[3467,7775,6626],{"className":7776},[4052],[4032,7778,7780,7781],{"className":7779},[3469],"string: ",[3467,7782,7784],{"className":7783},[4052],"Hello, variant!",[4032,7786,7788,7789],{"className":7787},[3469],"index:  ",[3467,7790,4937],{"className":7791},[4052],[4032,7793,7795],{"className":7794},[3469],"Зараз зберігається std::string",[4032,7797,4082,7799,3532],{"className":7798},[3469],[3467,7800,4087],{"className":7801},[4086,4044],[4215,7803,7805,7808],{"id":7804},"stdget-та-виключення-при-неправильному-типі",[3414,7806,7807],{},"std::get"," та виключення при неправильному типі",[3458,7810,7813],{"className":3460,"code":7811,"filename":7812,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvariant>\n#include \u003Cstdexcept>\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::variant\u003Cint, float> v = 42;\n\n    \u002F\u002F std::get\u003CT> кидає std::bad_variant_access, якщо тип неактивний\n    try\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C std::get\u003Cint>(v)   \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F OK: 42\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C std::get\u003Cfloat>(v) \u003C\u003C \"\\n\"; \u002F\u002F кидає виключення!\n    }\n    catch (const std::bad_variant_access& e)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Помилка: \" \u003C\u003C e.what() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F std::get_if — безпечний варіант, повертає вказівник або nullptr\n    if (auto* ptr = std::get_if\u003Cint>(&v))\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"int: \" \u003C\u003C *ptr \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    else\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Не int\\n\";\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","VariantGet.cpp",[3414,7814,7815,7821,7827,7834,7838,7846,7850,7869,7873,7878,7883,7887,7917,7946,7950,7965,7969,7997,8001,8005,8010,8036,8056,8061,8076,8080,8088],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,7816,7817,7819],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,7818,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7820,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,7822,7823,7825],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,7824,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7826,7452],{"class":3699},[3467,7828,7829,7831],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,7830,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,7832,7833],{"class":3699}," \u003Cstdexcept>\n",[3467,7835,7836],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,7837,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7839,7840,7842,7844],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,7841,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7843,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,7845,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,7847,7848],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,7849,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,7851,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7865,7867],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,7853,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,7855,7486],{"class":3484},[3467,7857,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7859,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,7861,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,7863,7864],{"class":3484},"> v = ",[3467,7866,6511],{"class":3897},[3467,7868,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7870,7871],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,7872,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,7874,7875],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,7876,7877],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F std::get\u003CT> кидає std::bad_variant_access, якщо тип неактивний\n",[3467,7879,7880],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,7881,7882],{"class":3695},"    try\n",[3467,7884,7885],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,7886,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,7888,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,7890,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,7892,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7894,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7896,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7898,7530],{"class":3795},[3467,7900,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7902,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,7904,7905],{"class":3484},">(v)   \u003C\u003C ",[3467,7907,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7909,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7911,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7913,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7915,7916],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F OK: 42\n",[3467,7918,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933,7935,7937,7939,7941,7943],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,7920,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,7922,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7924,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,7926,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,7928,7530],{"class":3795},[3467,7930,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,7932,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,7934,7537],{"class":3484},[3467,7936,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7938,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7940,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7942,3837],{"class":3484},[3467,7944,7945],{"class":3497}," \u002F\u002F кидає виключення!\n",[3467,7947,7948],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,7949,6451],{"class":3484},[3467,7951,7952,7955,7957,7959,7962],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,7953,7954],{"class":3695},"    catch",[3467,7956,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,7958,5172],{"class":3473},[3467,7960,7961],{"class":3477}," std",[3467,7963,7964],{"class":3484},"::bad_variant_access& e)\n",[3467,7966,7967],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,7968,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,7970,7971,7973,7975,7978,7980,7982,7984,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,7972,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,7974,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,7976,7977],{"class":3699},"\"Помилка: \"",[3467,7979,3819],{"class":3484},[3467,7981,6336],{"class":3885},[3467,7983,3532],{"class":3484},[3467,7985,7986],{"class":3795},"what",[3467,7988,7674],{"class":3484},[3467,7990,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7992,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,7994,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,7996,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,7998,7999],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,8000,6451],{"class":3484},[3467,8002,8003],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,8004,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8006,8007],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,8008,8009],{"class":3497},"    \u002F\u002F std::get_if — безпечний варіант, повертає вказівник або nullptr\n",[3467,8011,8012,8014,8016,8019,8022,8024,8026,8029,8031,8033],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,8013,7699],{"class":3695},[3467,8015,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,8017,8018],{"class":3473},"auto",[3467,8020,8021],{"class":3484},"* ptr = ",[3467,8023,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8025,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8027,8028],{"class":3795},"get_if",[3467,8030,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,8032,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,8034,8035],{"class":3484},">(&v))\n",[3467,8037,8038,8040,8042,8045,8048,8050,8052,8054],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,8039,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,8041,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,8043,8044],{"class":3699},"\"int: \"",[3467,8046,8047],{"class":3484}," \u003C\u003C *ptr \u003C\u003C ",[3467,8049,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8051,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,8053,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8055,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8057,8058],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,8059,8060],{"class":3695},"    else\n",[3467,8062,8063,8065,8067,8070,8072,8074],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,8064,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,8066,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,8068,8069],{"class":3699},"\"Не int",[3467,8071,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,8073,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8075,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8077,8078],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,8079,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8081,8082,8084,8086],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,8083,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,8085,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,8087,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8089,8090],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,8091,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,8093,8095,8104,8110,8118,8125],{"title":8094},".\u002FVariantGet",[4032,8096,8098,4040,8101],{"className":8097},[3469],[3467,8099,4039],{"className":8100},[4038],[3434,8102,8094],{"className":8103},[4044],[4032,8105,8107],{"className":8106},[3469],[3467,8108,6511],{"className":8109},[4052],[4032,8111,8113,8114],{"className":8112},[3469],"Помилка: ",[3467,8115,8117],{"className":8116},[6112],"bad variant access",[4032,8119,8121,8122],{"className":8120},[3469],"int: ",[3467,8123,6511],{"className":8124},[4052],[4032,8126,4082,8128,3532],{"className":8127},[3469],[3467,8129,4087],{"className":8130},[4086,4044],[4215,8132,8134,8137],{"id":8133},"stdvisit-обробка-всіх-можливих-типів",[3414,8135,8136],{},"std::visit",": обробка всіх можливих типів",[3424,8139,8140,8141,4192,8143,8145,8146,8149,8150,8153],{},"Найпотужніший інструмент для роботи з ",[3414,8142,7113],{},[3414,8144,8136],{},", що приймає ",[3434,8147,8148],{},"visitor"," (об'єкт або лямбда з перевантаженими ",[3414,8151,8152],{},"operator()",") і викликає потрібну версію для поточного активного типу:",[3458,8155,8158],{"className":3460,"code":8156,"filename":8157,"language":3462,"meta":3688,"style":3463},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cvariant>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n#include \u003Cvector>\n\n\u002F\u002F Тип для повідомлень протоколу\nusing Message = std::variant\u003Cint, float, std::string>;\n\nvoid processMessage(const Message& msg)\n{\n    std::visit([](const auto& value)\n    {\n        using T = std::decay_t\u003Cdecltype(value)>;\n\n        if constexpr (std::is_same_v\u003CT, int>)\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Ціле: \" \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v\u003CT, float>)\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Дійсне: \" \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v\u003CT, std::string>)\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C \"Рядок: \\\"\" \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C \"\\\"\\n\";\n    }, msg);\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    std::vector\u003CMessage> messages = {\n        42,\n        3.14f,\n        std::string(\"Привіт!\"),\n        100,\n        2.71828f\n    };\n\n    for (const auto& m : messages)\n        processMessage(m);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","VariantVisit.cpp",[3414,8159,8160,8166,8172,8178,8185,8189,8194,8230,8234,8254,8258,8279,8283,8308,8312,8332,8351,8371,8390,8409,8434,8439,8443,8447,8455,8459,8466,8474,8481,8497,8504,8509,8513,8517,8531,8539,8543,8551],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,8161,8162,8164],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,8163,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,8165,3700],{"class":3699},[3467,8167,8168,8170],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,8169,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,8171,7452],{"class":3699},[3467,8173,8174,8176],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,8175,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,8177,6190],{"class":3699},[3467,8179,8180,8182],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,8181,3696],{"class":3695},[3467,8183,8184],{"class":3699}," \u003Cvector>\n",[3467,8186,8187],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,8188,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8190,8191],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,8192,8193],{"class":3497},"\u002F\u002F Тип для повідомлень протоколу\n",[3467,8195,8196,8199,8202,8204,8206,8208,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,8197,8198],{"class":3695},"using",[3467,8200,8201],{"class":3477}," Message",[3467,8203,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,8205,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8207,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8209,8210],{"class":3477},"variant",[3467,8212,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,8214,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,8216,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,8218,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,8220,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,8222,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8224,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8226,7280],{"class":3477},[3467,8228,8229],{"class":3484},">;\n",[3467,8231,8232],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,8233,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8235,8236,8238,8241,8243,8245,8247,8249,8252],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,8237,4446],{"class":3473},[3467,8239,8240],{"class":3795}," processMessage",[3467,8242,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,8244,5172],{"class":3473},[3467,8246,8201],{"class":3477},[3467,8248,5178],{"class":3473},[3467,8250,8251],{"class":3885}," msg",[3467,8253,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,8255,8256],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,8257,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,8259,8260,8262,8264,8267,8270,8272,8275,8277],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,8261,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,8263,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8265,8266],{"class":3795},"visit",[3467,8268,8269],{"class":3484},"([](",[3467,8271,5172],{"class":3473},[3467,8273,8274],{"class":3473}," auto&",[3467,8276,5704],{"class":3885},[3467,8278,4940],{"class":3484},[3467,8280,8281],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,8282,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,8284,8285,8288,8291,8293,8295,8297,8300,8302,8305],{"class":3469,"line":3665},[3467,8286,8287],{"class":3695},"        using",[3467,8289,8290],{"class":3477}," T",[3467,8292,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,8294,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8296,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8298,8299],{"class":3477},"decay_t",[3467,8301,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,8303,8304],{"class":3473},"decltype",[3467,8306,8307],{"class":3484},"(value)>;\n",[3467,8309,8310],{"class":3469,"line":3779},[3467,8311,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8313,8314,8317,8320,8322,8324,8327,8329],{"class":3469,"line":3784},[3467,8315,8316],{"class":3695},"        if",[3467,8318,8319],{"class":3473}," constexpr",[3467,8321,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,8323,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8325,8326],{"class":3484},"::is_same_v\u003CT, ",[3467,8328,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,8330,8331],{"class":3484},">)\n",[3467,8333,8334,8336,8338,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349],{"class":3469,"line":3789},[3467,8335,6367],{"class":3477},[3467,8337,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,8339,8340],{"class":3699},"\"Ціле: \"",[3467,8342,5828],{"class":3484},[3467,8344,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8346,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,8348,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8350,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8352,8353,8356,8359,8361,8363,8365,8367,8369],{"class":3469,"line":3802},[3467,8354,8355],{"class":3695},"        else",[3467,8357,8358],{"class":3695}," if",[3467,8360,8319],{"class":3473},[3467,8362,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,8364,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8366,8326],{"class":3484},[3467,8368,3440],{"class":3473},[3467,8370,8331],{"class":3484},[3467,8372,8373,8375,8377,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388],{"class":3469,"line":3807},[3467,8374,6367],{"class":3477},[3467,8376,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,8378,8379],{"class":3699},"\"Дійсне: \"",[3467,8381,5828],{"class":3484},[3467,8383,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8385,3832],{"class":3831},[3467,8387,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8389,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8391,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8404,8406],{"class":3469,"line":3843},[3467,8393,8355],{"class":3695},[3467,8395,8358],{"class":3695},[3467,8397,8319],{"class":3473},[3467,8399,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,8401,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8403,8326],{"class":3484},[3467,8405,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,8407,8408],{"class":3484},"::string>)\n",[3467,8410,8411,8413,8415,8418,8421,8423,8425,8427,8430,8432],{"class":3469,"line":3871},[3467,8412,6367],{"class":3477},[3467,8414,3813],{"class":3484},[3467,8416,8417],{"class":3699},"\"Рядок: ",[3467,8419,8420],{"class":3831},"\\\"",[3467,8422,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8424,5828],{"class":3484},[3467,8426,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8428,8429],{"class":3831},"\\\"\\n",[3467,8431,3828],{"class":3699},[3467,8433,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8435,8436],{"class":3469,"line":3876},[3467,8437,8438],{"class":3484},"    }, msg);\n",[3467,8440,8441],{"class":3469,"line":3882},[3467,8442,4026],{"class":3484},[3467,8444,8445],{"class":3469,"line":3906},[3467,8446,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8448,8449,8451,8453],{"class":3469,"line":3911},[3467,8450,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,8452,3796],{"class":3795},[3467,8454,3799],{"class":3484},[3467,8456,8457],{"class":3469,"line":3917},[3467,8458,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,8460,8461,8463],{"class":3469,"line":3948},[3467,8462,3810],{"class":3477},[3467,8464,8465],{"class":3484},"::vector\u003CMessage> messages = {\n",[3467,8467,8468,8471],{"class":3469,"line":3953},[3467,8469,8470],{"class":3897},"        42",[3467,8472,8473],{"class":3484},",\n",[3467,8475,8476,8479],{"class":3469,"line":3973},[3467,8477,8478],{"class":3897},"        3.14f",[3467,8480,8473],{"class":3484},[3467,8482,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491,8494],{"class":3469,"line":3979},[3467,8484,4913],{"class":3477},[3467,8486,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,8488,7280],{"class":3795},[3467,8490,4824],{"class":3484},[3467,8492,8493],{"class":3699},"\"Привіт!\"",[3467,8495,8496],{"class":3484},"),\n",[3467,8498,8499,8502],{"class":3469,"line":4007},[3467,8500,8501],{"class":3897},"        100",[3467,8503,8473],{"class":3484},[3467,8505,8506],{"class":3469,"line":4012},[3467,8507,8508],{"class":3897},"        2.71828f\n",[3467,8510,8511],{"class":3469,"line":4023},[3467,8512,6293],{"class":3484},[3467,8514,8515],{"class":3469,"line":4597},[3467,8516,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525,8528],{"class":3469,"line":5459},[3467,8520,4889],{"class":3695},[3467,8522,4892],{"class":3484},[3467,8524,5172],{"class":3473},[3467,8526,8527],{"class":3473}," auto",[3467,8529,8530],{"class":3484},"& m : messages)\n",[3467,8532,8533,8536],{"class":3469,"line":5481},[3467,8534,8535],{"class":3795},"        processMessage",[3467,8537,8538],{"class":3484},"(m);\n",[3467,8540,8541],{"class":3469,"line":5502},[3467,8542,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,8544,8545,8547,8549],{"class":3469,"line":5524},[3467,8546,4015],{"class":3695},[3467,8548,4018],{"class":3897},[3467,8550,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8552,8553],{"class":3469,"line":5529},[3467,8554,4026],{"class":3484},[4028,8556,8558,8567,8574,8581,8588,8595,8602],{"title":8557},".\u002FVariantVisit",[4032,8559,8561,4040,8564],{"className":8560},[3469],[3467,8562,4039],{"className":8563},[4038],[3434,8565,8557],{"className":8566},[4044],[4032,8568,8570,8571],{"className":8569},[3469],"Ціле: ",[3467,8572,6511],{"className":8573},[4052],[4032,8575,8577,8578],{"className":8576},[3469],"Дійсне: ",[3467,8579,6626],{"className":8580},[4052],[4032,8582,8584,8585],{"className":8583},[3469],"Рядок: ",[3467,8586,8493],{"className":8587},[4052],[4032,8589,8570,8591],{"className":8590},[3469],[3467,8592,8594],{"className":8593},[4052],"100",[4032,8596,8577,8598],{"className":8597},[3469],[3467,8599,8601],{"className":8600},[4052],"2.71828",[4032,8603,4082,8605,3532],{"className":8604},[3469],[3467,8606,4087],{"className":8607},[4086,4044],[3543,8609],{},[3419,8611,8613,8614,8616,8617],{"id":8612},"порівняльна-таблиця-union-vs-stdvariant","Порівняльна таблиця: ",[3414,8615,3416],{}," vs ",[3414,8618,7113],{},[8620,8621,8622,8642],"table",{},[8623,8624,8625],"thead",{},[8626,8627,8628,8633,8638],"tr",{},[8629,8630,8632],"th",{"align":8631},"left","Властивість",[8629,8634,8636],{"align":8635},"center",[3414,8637,3416],{},[8629,8639,8640],{"align":8635},[3414,8641,7113],{},[8643,8644,8645,8657,8668,8679,8691,8701,8714,8725,8736],"tbody",{},[8626,8646,8647,8651,8654],{},[8648,8649,8650],"td",{"align":8631},"Зберігання",[8648,8652,8653],{"align":8635},"Один буфер (unsafe)",[8648,8655,8656],{"align":8635},"Один буфер (safe)",[8626,8658,8659,8662,8665],{},[8648,8660,8661],{"align":8631},"Відстежування активного типу",[8648,8663,8664],{"align":8635},"❌ вручну",[8648,8666,8667],{"align":8635},"✅ автоматично",[8626,8669,8670,8673,8676],{},[8648,8671,8672],{"align":8631},"UB при неправильному доступі",[8648,8674,8675],{"align":8635},"✅ (тихий)",[8648,8677,8678],{"align":8635},"❌ (виключення)",[8626,8680,8681,8686,8689],{},[8648,8682,8683,8684,6080],{"align":8631},"Нетривіальні типи (",[3414,8685,7130],{},[8648,8687,8688],{"align":8635},"⚠️ ручний ctod\u002Fdtor",[8648,8690,8667],{"align":8635},[8626,8692,8693,8695,8698],{},[8648,8694,4181],{"align":8631},[8648,8696,8697],{"align":8635},"max(members)",[8648,8699,8700],{"align":8635},"max(members) + 1–8 байт",[8626,8702,8703,8708,8711],{},[8648,8704,8705,8706],{"align":8631},"Підтримка ",[3414,8707,8136],{},[8648,8709,8710],{"align":8635},"❌",[8648,8712,8713],{"align":8635},"✅",[8626,8715,8716,8719,8722],{},[8648,8717,8718],{"align":8631},"Читабельність коду",[8648,8720,8721],{"align":8635},"⚠️ потребує дисципліни",[8648,8723,8724],{"align":8635},"✅ самодокументований",[8626,8726,8727,8730,8733],{},[8648,8728,8729],{"align":8631},"Доступно з",[8648,8731,8732],{"align":8635},"C, C++98+",[8648,8734,8735],{"align":8635},"C++17+",[8626,8737,8738,8741,8744],{},[8648,8739,8740],{"align":8631},"Доцільно використовувати",[8648,8742,8743],{"align":8635},"Системне програмування, C-сумісність, бітові хаки",[8648,8745,8746],{"align":8635},"Більшість сучасного коду",[4215,8748,8750,8751,8753],{"id":8749},"коли-все-ж-варто-використовувати-union-у-2024","Коли все ж варто використовувати ",[3414,8752,3416],{}," у 2024+",[3428,8755,8756,8764,8775,8783],{},[3431,8757,8758,8761,8762,3532],{},[3434,8759,8760],{},"C-сумісний API",": коли потрібна взаємодія з C-бібліотеками або системними структурами, що використовують ",[3414,8763,3416],{},[3431,8765,8766,8769,8770,6952,8772,8774],{},[3434,8767,8768],{},"Бітові маніпуляції",": доступ до байтів ",[3414,8771,3440],{},[3414,8773,6992],{},", мережеві пакети, бінарні формати.",[3431,8776,8777,8780,8781,4200],{},[3434,8778,8779],{},"Вбудовані системи",": де немає C++17 або потрібен мінімальний розмір (відсутність накладних витрат ",[3414,8782,8210],{},[3431,8784,8785,8790],{},[3434,8786,8787,8788,6162],{},"Анонімні ",[3414,8789,3416],{},": для чистих API, що моделюють варіантні поля з явним тегом.",[3543,8792],{},[3419,8794,8796],{"id":8795},"практика","Практика",[4215,8798,8800],{"id":8799},"рівень-1-базовий","Рівень 1 — Базовий",[8802,8803,8804,8840],"accordion",{},[8805,8806,8809,8810,8813,8814,6237,8817,6237,8820,8823,8824,8827,8828,8831,8832,8835,8836,8839],"accordion-item",{"icon":8807,"label":8808},"i-lucide-circle-help","Завдання 1.1: Байтове представлення типів","Оголосіть ",[3414,8811,8812],{},"union Data"," з членами ",[3414,8815,8816],{},"int i",[3414,8818,8819],{},"float f",[3414,8821,8822],{},"uint8_t bytes[4]",". Напишіть функцію ",[3414,8825,8826],{},"printBytes(const Data& d)",", що виводить усі 4 байти у шістнадцятковому форматі. У ",[3414,8829,8830],{},"main()"," присвойте ",[3414,8833,8834],{},"i = 255",", виведіть байти. Потім присвойте ",[3414,8837,8838],{},"f = 1.0f",", виведіть байти. Поясніть у коментарі різницю у значеннях байтів.",[8805,8841,8843,8846,8936],{"icon":8807,"label":8842},"Завдання 1.2: Ціле як набір бітових прапорців",[3424,8844,8845],{},"Оголосіть:",[3458,8847,8849],{"className":3460,"code":8848,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"union Flags\n{\n    uint8_t all;      \u002F\u002F всі 8 прапорців разом\n    struct\n    {\n        uint8_t read    : 1;\n        uint8_t write   : 1;\n        uint8_t execute : 1;\n        uint8_t reserved: 5;\n    } bits;\n};\n",[3414,8850,8851,8858,8862,8872,8877,8881,8893,8904,8915,8927,8932],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,8852,8853,8855],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,8854,3416],{"class":3473},[3467,8856,8857],{"class":3477}," Flags\n",[3467,8859,8860],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,8861,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,8863,8864,8866,8869],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,8865,4256],{"class":3473},[3467,8867,8868],{"class":3484}," all;",[3467,8870,8871],{"class":3497},"      \u002F\u002F всі 8 прапорців разом\n",[3467,8873,8874],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,8875,8876],{"class":3473},"    struct\n",[3467,8878,8879],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,8880,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,8882,8883,8886,8889,8891],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,8884,8885],{"class":3473},"        uint8_t",[3467,8887,8888],{"class":3484}," read    : ",[3467,8890,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,8892,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8894,8895,8897,8900,8902],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,8896,8885],{"class":3473},[3467,8898,8899],{"class":3484}," write   : ",[3467,8901,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,8903,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8905,8906,8908,8911,8913],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,8907,8885],{"class":3473},[3467,8909,8910],{"class":3484}," execute : ",[3467,8912,5279],{"class":3897},[3467,8914,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8916,8917,8919,8922,8925],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,8918,8885],{"class":3473},[3467,8920,8921],{"class":3484}," reserved: ",[3467,8923,8924],{"class":3897},"5",[3467,8926,3945],{"class":3484},[3467,8928,8929],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,8930,8931],{"class":3484},"    } bits;\n",[3467,8933,8934],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,8935,3515],{"class":3484},[3424,8937,8938,8939,8942,8943,8946,8947,8949,8950,8953,8954,8957,8958,8961,8962,6237,8965,6237,8968,3532],{},"Встановіть ",[3414,8940,8941],{},"read = 1"," та ",[3414,8944,8945],{},"execute = 1"," через поля ",[3414,8948,5752],{},". Виведіть значення ",[3414,8951,8952],{},"all"," (має бути ",[3414,8955,8956],{},"5 = 0b00000101","). Потім встановіть ",[3414,8959,8960],{},"all = 0b00000110"," і виведіть ",[3414,8963,8964],{},"bits.read",[3414,8966,8967],{},"bits.write",[3414,8969,8970],{},"bits.execute",[4215,8972,8974],{"id":8973},"рівень-2-мережевий-пакет","Рівень 2 — Мережевий пакет",[8802,8976,8977,9032],{},[8805,8978,8980,8987,9010],{"icon":8807,"label":8979},"Завдання 2.1: IPv4-адреса з операціями",[3424,8981,8982,8983,8986],{},"На основі ",[3414,8984,8985],{},"union IPv4 { uint32_t address; uint8_t octets[4]; }"," реалізуйте:",[3428,8988,8989,8995,9004],{},[3431,8990,8991,8994],{},[3414,8992,8993],{},"IPv4 makeIPv4(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, uint8_t d)"," — конструює IPv4 з чотирьох октетів.",[3431,8996,8997,9000,9001,3532],{},[3414,8998,8999],{},"void printIPv4(const IPv4& ip)"," — виводить у форматі ",[3414,9002,9003],{},"\"A.B.C.D\"",[3431,9005,9006,9009],{},[3414,9007,9008],{},"bool isSameNetwork(const IPv4& a, const IPv4& b, const IPv4& mask)"," — перевіряє, чи перебувають дві адреси в одній підмережі (побітове AND з маскою).",[3424,9011,3670,9012,9014,9015,9018,9019,9022,9023,9026,9027,9018,9029,9031],{},[3414,9013,8830],{}," перевірте: ",[3414,9016,9017],{},"192.168.1.10"," і ",[3414,9020,9021],{},"192.168.1.20"," з маскою ",[3414,9024,9025],{},"255.255.255.0"," — одна мережа; ",[3414,9028,9017],{},[3414,9030,5600],{}," — різні мережі.",[8805,9033,9035,9038,9151,9154,9180],{"icon":8807,"label":9034},"Завдання 2.2: Tagged union — система повідомлень",[3424,9036,9037],{},"Реалізуйте систему подій гри:",[3458,9039,9041],{"className":3460,"code":9040,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"enum class EventType { Move, Attack, Score };\n\nstruct GameEvent\n{\n    EventType type;\n    union\n    {\n        struct { int dx; int dy; } move;\n        struct { int damage; int targetId; } attack;\n        struct { int points; } score;\n    };\n};\n",[3414,9042,9043,9070,9074,9081,9085,9090,9095,9099,9116,9132,9143,9147],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,9044,9045,9048,9050,9053,9055,9058,9060,9063,9065,9068],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,9046,9047],{"class":3473},"enum",[3467,9049,6224],{"class":3473},[3467,9051,9052],{"class":3477}," EventType",[3467,9054,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,9056,9057],{"class":6233},"Move",[3467,9059,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,9061,9062],{"class":6233},"Attack",[3467,9064,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,9066,9067],{"class":6233},"Score",[3467,9069,6243],{"class":3484},[3467,9071,9072],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,9073,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,9075,9076,9078],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,9077,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,9079,9080],{"class":3477}," GameEvent\n",[3467,9082,9083],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,9084,3485],{"class":3484},[3467,9086,9087],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,9088,9089],{"class":3484},"    EventType type;\n",[3467,9091,9092],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,9093,9094],{"class":3473},"    union\n",[3467,9096,9097],{"class":3469,"line":3620},[3467,9098,6272],{"class":3484},[3467,9100,9101,9104,9106,9108,9111,9113],{"class":3469,"line":3627},[3467,9102,9103],{"class":3473},"        struct",[3467,9105,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,9107,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9109,9110],{"class":3484}," dx; ",[3467,9112,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9114,9115],{"class":3484}," dy; } move;\n",[3467,9117,9118,9120,9122,9124,9127,9129],{"class":3469,"line":3635},[3467,9119,9103],{"class":3473},[3467,9121,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,9123,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9125,9126],{"class":3484}," damage; ",[3467,9128,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9130,9131],{"class":3484}," targetId; } attack;\n",[3467,9133,9134,9136,9138,9140],{"class":3469,"line":3640},[3467,9135,9103],{"class":3473},[3467,9137,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,9139,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9141,9142],{"class":3484}," points; } score;\n",[3467,9144,9145],{"class":3469,"line":3649},[3467,9146,6293],{"class":3484},[3467,9148,9149],{"class":3469,"line":3659},[3467,9150,3515],{"class":3484},[3424,9152,9153],{},"Напишіть:",[3428,9155,9156,9162,9168,9174],{},[3431,9157,9158,9161],{},[3414,9159,9160],{},"GameEvent makeMove(int dx, int dy)"," — створює подію переміщення.",[3431,9163,9164,9167],{},[3414,9165,9166],{},"GameEvent makeAttack(int damage, int targetId)"," — атаку.",[3431,9169,9170,9173],{},[3414,9171,9172],{},"GameEvent makeScore(int points)"," — нарахування очок.",[3431,9175,9176,9179],{},[3414,9177,9178],{},"void processEvent(const GameEvent& e)"," — виводить опис події залежно від типу.",[3424,9181,9182],{},"Продемонструйте обробку черги з 5 різних подій.",[4215,9184,9186,9187,9189],{"id":9185},"рівень-3-stdvariant-протокол","Рівень 3 — ",[3414,9188,7113],{},"-протокол",[8802,9191,9192],{},[8805,9193,9195,9200,9203,9323,9326,9367],{"icon":8807,"label":9194},"Завдання 3.1: Система повідомлень для сокет-протоколу",[3424,9196,9197,9198,3532],{},"Реалізуйте міні-протокол для текстового чат-сервера на основі ",[3414,9199,7113],{},[3424,9201,9202],{},"Визначте типи повідомлень:",[3458,9204,9206],{"className":3460,"code":9205,"language":3462,"meta":3463,"style":3463},"struct ConnectMsg  { std::string username; };\nstruct TextMsg     { std::string from; std::string text; };\nstruct DisconnectMsg { std::string username; std::string reason; };\nstruct ErrorMsg    { int code; std::string description; };\n\nusing Packet = std::variant\u003CConnectMsg, TextMsg, DisconnectMsg, ErrorMsg>;\n",[3414,9207,9208,9223,9243,9262,9282,9286],{"__ignoreMap":3463},[3467,9209,9210,9212,9215,9218,9220],{"class":3469,"line":3470},[3467,9211,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,9213,9214],{"class":3477}," ConnectMsg",[3467,9216,9217],{"class":3484},"  { ",[3467,9219,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9221,9222],{"class":3484},"::string username; };\n",[3467,9224,9225,9227,9230,9233,9235,9238,9240],{"class":3469,"line":3481},[3467,9226,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,9228,9229],{"class":3477}," TextMsg",[3467,9231,9232],{"class":3484},"     { ",[3467,9234,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9236,9237],{"class":3484},"::string from; ",[3467,9239,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9241,9242],{"class":3484},"::string text; };\n",[3467,9244,9245,9247,9250,9252,9254,9257,9259],{"class":3469,"line":3488},[3467,9246,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,9248,9249],{"class":3477}," DisconnectMsg",[3467,9251,6230],{"class":3484},[3467,9253,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9255,9256],{"class":3484},"::string username; ",[3467,9258,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9260,9261],{"class":3484},"::string reason; };\n",[3467,9263,9264,9266,9269,9272,9274,9277,9279],{"class":3469,"line":3501},[3467,9265,3474],{"class":3473},[3467,9267,9268],{"class":3477}," ErrorMsg",[3467,9270,9271],{"class":3484},"    { ",[3467,9273,3792],{"class":3473},[3467,9275,9276],{"class":3484}," code; ",[3467,9278,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9280,9281],{"class":3484},"::string description; };\n",[3467,9283,9284],{"class":3469,"line":3512},[3467,9285,3624],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3623},[3467,9287,9288,9290,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9306,9308,9311,9313,9316,9318,9321],{"class":3469,"line":3615},[3467,9289,8198],{"class":3695},[3467,9291,9292],{"class":3477}," Packet",[3467,9294,3894],{"class":3484},[3467,9296,4810],{"class":3477},[3467,9298,4818],{"class":3484},[3467,9300,8210],{"class":3477},[3467,9302,4443],{"class":3484},[3467,9304,9305],{"class":3477},"ConnectMsg",[3467,9307,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,9309,9310],{"class":3477},"TextMsg",[3467,9312,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,9314,9315],{"class":3477},"DisconnectMsg",[3467,9317,6237],{"class":3484},[3467,9319,9320],{"class":3477},"ErrorMsg",[3467,9322,8229],{"class":3484},[3424,9324,9325],{},"Реалізуйте:",[4175,9327,9328,9337,9362],{},[3431,9329,9330,9333,9334,9336],{},[3414,9331,9332],{},"void handlePacket(const Packet& p)"," — обробляє пакет через ",[3414,9335,8136],{},", виводячи відповідне повідомлення для кожного типу.",[3431,9338,9339,9342,9343,4192,9346,9348,9349,4192,9352,9348,9354,4192,9357,9359,9360,3532],{},[3414,9340,9341],{},"Packet parseInput(const std::string& raw)"," — простий парсер: якщо рядок починається з ",[3414,9344,9345],{},"\"\u002Fconnect \"",[3414,9347,9305],{},", з ",[3414,9350,9351],{},"\"\u002Fdisconnect \"",[3414,9353,9315],{},[3414,9355,9356],{},"\"\u002Ferror \"",[3414,9358,9320],{},", інакше — ",[3414,9361,9310],{},[3431,9363,3670,9364,9366],{},[3414,9365,8830],{}," продемонструйте обробку набору пакетів, включаючи помилкові.",[3424,9368,9369,9372,9373,9375],{},[3434,9370,9371],{},"Бонус",": підрахуйте кількість пакетів кожного типу через ",[3414,9374,8136],{}," з лічильниками.",[3543,9377],{},[3419,9379,9381],{"id":9380},"резюме","Резюме",[9383,9384,9385,9406,9426,9447],"card-group",{},[9386,9387,9390],"card",{"icon":9388,"title":9389},"i-lucide-layers-2","🔀 Один буфер, кілька поглядів",[3428,9391,9392,9397,9400,9403],{},[3431,9393,9394,9396],{},[3414,9395,3416],{}," розміщує всі члени в одній ділянці пам'яті",[3431,9398,9399],{},"Розмір = розмір найбільшого члена",[3431,9401,9402],{},"Усі члени мають однакову початкову адресу",[3431,9404,9405],{},"Активний член — той, в який останній раз записали",[9386,9407,9410],{"icon":9408,"title":9409},"i-lucide-triangle-alert","⚠️ Undefined Behavior",[3428,9411,9412,9415,9418,9421],{},[3431,9413,9414],{},"Читання не-активного члена — UB у стандарті C++",[3431,9416,9417],{},"Виняток: common initial sequence у struct-членах",[3431,9419,9420],{},"На практиці часто «спрацьовує», але компілятор не зобов'язаний",[3431,9422,8683,9423,9425],{},[3414,9424,7130],{},") вимагають ручного ctod\u002Fdtor",[9386,9427,9429],{"icon":2882,"title":9428},"🔧 Де union корисний",[3428,9430,9431,9434,9439,9444],{},[3431,9432,9433],{},"Мережеві пакети: одночасний доступ до байтів і цілого числа",[3431,9435,9436,9437],{},"Floating-point хаки: читання бітів через ",[3414,9438,3449],{},[3431,9440,8787,9441,9443],{},[3414,9442,3416],{}," у структурах: чистий API для варіантних полів",[3431,9445,9446],{},"C-сумісний код, вбудовані системи, бінарні формати",[9386,9448,9450],{"icon":793,"title":9449},"✅ std::variant — сучасний вибір",[3428,9451,9452,9455,9458,9464,9469],{},[3431,9453,9454],{},"Зберігає один із наперед заданих типів безпечно",[3431,9456,9457],{},"Автоматично відстежує активний тип",[3431,9459,9460,9461],{},"Неправильний доступ кидає ",[3414,9462,9463],{},"std::bad_variant_access",[3431,9465,9466,9468],{},[3414,9467,8136],{}," для обробки всіх можливих типів",[3431,9470,9471],{},"Автоматично керує конструюванням\u002Fдеструкцією",[3534,9473,9474,9475,9477,9478,9480,9481,9484,9485,9487],{},"У цій статті ми дослідили ",[3414,9476,3416],{}," — конструкцію, що дає пряме управління байтами пам'яті, і ",[3414,9479,7113],{}," — її безпечний сучасний аналог. Наступний великий блок курсу присвячений ",[3434,9482,9483],{},"об'єктно-орієнтованому програмуванню",": класи, конструктори, деструктори та інкапсуляція — все це виростає безпосередньо з концепцій ",[3414,9486,3474],{}," і методів, з якими ми вже познайомилися.",[9489,9490,9491],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su1O8, html code.shiki .su1O8{--shiki-light:#0000FF;--shiki-default:#569CD6;--shiki-dark:#569CD6}html pre.shiki code .sN1BT, html code.shiki .sN1BT{--shiki-light:#267F99;--shiki-default:#4EC9B0;--shiki-dark:#4EC9B0}html pre.shiki code .sHH4Y, html code.shiki .sHH4Y{--shiki-light:#000000;--shiki-default:#D4D4D4;--shiki-dark:#D4D4D4}html pre.shiki code .spJ8K, html code.shiki .spJ8K{--shiki-light:#008000;--shiki-default:#6A9955;--shiki-dark:#6A9955}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.s-QsJ{--shiki-light:#0070C1;--shiki-default:#4FC1FF;--shiki-dark:#4FC1FF}",{"title":3463,"searchDepth":3481,"depth":3481,"links":9493},[9494,9495,9497,9500,9501,9508,9513,9515,9522,9527,9533],{"id":3421,"depth":3481,"text":3422},{"id":3547,"depth":3481,"text":9496},"Що таке union: фундаментальна концепція",{"id":4111,"depth":3481,"text":4112,"children":9498},[9499],{"id":4217,"depth":3488,"text":4218},{"id":4671,"depth":3481,"text":4672},{"id":5077,"depth":3481,"text":5078,"children":9502},[9503,9504,9506],{"id":5081,"depth":3488,"text":5082},{"id":5609,"depth":3488,"text":9505},"Застосування 2: Floating-point хак — читання бітів float",{"id":6158,"depth":3488,"text":9507},"Застосування 3: Анонімні union у структурах",{"id":6651,"depth":3481,"text":9509,"children":9510},"Undefined Behavior: найнебезпечніша пастка union",[9511,9512],{"id":6660,"depth":3488,"text":6661},{"id":6959,"depth":3488,"text":6960},{"id":7118,"depth":3481,"text":9514},"union із нетривіальними типами (C++11+)",{"id":7416,"depth":3481,"text":9516,"children":9517},"std::variant: безпечна сучасна альтернатива",[9518,9520],{"id":7804,"depth":3488,"text":9519},"std::get та виключення при неправильному типі",{"id":8133,"depth":3488,"text":9521},"std::visit: обробка всіх можливих типів",{"id":8612,"depth":3481,"text":9523,"children":9524},"Порівняльна таблиця: union vs std::variant",[9525],{"id":8749,"depth":3488,"text":9526},"Коли все ж варто використовувати union у 2024+",{"id":8795,"depth":3481,"text":8796,"children":9528},[9529,9530,9531],{"id":8799,"depth":3488,"text":8800},{"id":8973,"depth":3488,"text":8974},{"id":9185,"depth":3488,"text":9532},"Рівень 3 — std::variant-протокол",{"id":9380,"depth":3481,"text":9381},"Що таке union у C++, як він відрізняється від struct, чому всі члени поділяють один буфер пам'яті, де union застосовується на практиці (мережеві пакети, floating-point хаки, варіантні типи), що таке Undefined Behavior при зчитуванні не-активного члена, та чому std::variant є безпечною сучасною альтернативою.","md",null,{},{"title":1893,"description":9534},"7sMIRm54QR_jO7APCJ19gUeylRHAUWHuhyeKhkVcZ8Q",[9541,9543],{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891,"description":9542,"children":-1},"Клас std::string_view (C++17): внутрішня модель {ptr, length}, створення з const char* та std::string, методи read-only доступу, remove_prefix\u002Fremove_suffix, відсутність нуль-термінатора. Dangling view — найнебезпечніша пастка. Коли обирати string_view, а коли const std::string&.",{"title":1897,"path":1898,"stem":1899,"description":9544,"children":-1},"Одиниця трансляції та роль лінкера, попереднє оголошення і ODR, встановлення g++ на Windows\u002FmacOS\u002FLinux, заголовкові файли і пара .h\u002F.cpp, директиви препроцесора (#include, #define, умовна компіляція), header guards і #pragma once, простори імен namespace та оператор ::.",1784194420067]