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Primitives","/csharp/system-programming-windows/synchronization-advanced","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/07.synchronization-advanced",{"title":308,"path":309,"stem":310},"Синхронізація — Interlocked, Volatile та Lock-Free Структури","/csharp/system-programming-windows/07a.synchronization-advanced-walkthrough","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/07a.synchronization-advanced-walkthrough",{"title":312,"path":313,"stem":314},"Interlocked, CAS та Lock-Free Структури","/csharp/system-programming-windows/interlocked-cas-lockfree","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/08.interlocked-cas-lockfree",{"title":316,"path":317,"stem":318},"Volatile, Memory Model та Spinning","/csharp/system-programming-windows/08a.volatile-memory-model","01.csharp/07.system-programming-windows/08a.volatile-memory-model",{"title":320,"path":321,"stem":322},"ThreadPool — Пул Потоків для Ефективного 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DbProviderFactory — провайдер-незалежний код","/csharp/ado-net/provider-factory","01.csharp/09.ado-net/07.provider-factory",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"9.8. Асинхронний доступ до даних","/csharp/ado-net/async-data-access","01.csharp/09.ado-net/08.async-data-access",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"9.9. Від'єднаний режим: DataSet, DataTable, DataRow","/csharp/ado-net/disconnected-mode-dataset","01.csharp/09.ado-net/09.disconnected-mode-dataset",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"9.10. DataAdapter — міст між DataSet та базою даних","/csharp/ado-net/data-adapter","01.csharp/09.ado-net/10.data-adapter",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"9.11. Data Mapper та Repository: Архітектура доступу до даних","/csharp/ado-net/data-mapper-repository","01.csharp/09.ado-net/11.data-mapper-repository",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"9.12. Identity Map, Unit of Work та Specification Pattern","/csharp/ado-net/advanced-patterns","01.csharp/09.ado-net/12.advanced-patterns",{"title":458,"icon":255,"path":459,"stem":460,"children":461,"page":59},"Ef Core","/csharp/ef-core","01.csharp/10.ef-core",[462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,532,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646],{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465},"Що таке ORM? Від SQL до об'єктів","/csharp/ef-core/what-is-orm","01.csharp/10.ef-core/01.what-is-orm",{"title":467,"path":468,"stem":469},"Перший проєкт — від нуля до CRUD","/csharp/ef-core/first-project","01.csharp/10.ef-core/02.first-project",{"title":471,"path":472,"stem":473},"DbContext — Серце EF Core","/csharp/ef-core/dbcontext-deep-dive","01.csharp/10.ef-core/03.dbcontext-deep-dive",{"title":475,"path":476,"stem":477},"Провайдери баз даних — Архітектура та Вибір СУБД","/csharp/ef-core/database-providers","01.csharp/10.ef-core/04.database-providers",{"title":479,"path":480,"stem":481},"Конвенції EF Core — Магія без конфігурації","/csharp/ef-core/conventions","01.csharp/10.ef-core/05.conventions",{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Fluent API та Data Annotations — Явна конфігурація моделі","/csharp/ef-core/fluent-api-vs-annotations","01.csharp/10.ef-core/06.fluent-api-vs-annotations",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Зв'язки — One-to-One та One-to-Many","/csharp/ef-core/relationships-basics","01.csharp/10.ef-core/07.relationships-basics",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Зв'язки Advanced — Many-to-Many та Складні Сценарії","/csharp/ef-core/relationships-advanced","01.csharp/10.ef-core/08.relationships-advanced",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Властивості — Типи, Конвертери, Компаратори (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/property-configuration-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/09.property-configuration-part1",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Властивості — Value Comparers, Generators, Shadow Properties (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/property-configuration-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/09.property-configuration-part2",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Складні типи — Owned Types та Complex Types (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/complex-types-owned-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/10.complex-types-owned-part1",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Складні типи — Complex Types, Keyless Entities, Порівняння (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/complex-types-owned-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/10.complex-types-owned-part2",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"JSON Columns — Складні дані у JSON (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/json-columns-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/11.json-columns-part1",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"JSON Columns — Value Comparers, Індекси, Провайдери (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/json-columns-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/11.json-columns-part2",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Успадкування — Абстрактні класи та TPH (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/inheritance-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/12.inheritance-part1",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Успадкування — TPT, TPC та Порівняння Стратегій (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/inheritance-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/12.inheritance-part2",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"children":530},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/indexes-constraints-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/13.indexes-constraints-part1",[531],{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535,"children":536},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/indexes-constraints-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/13.indexes-constraints-part2",[537],{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},{"title":539,"path":540,"stem":541},"Seed Data — Початкові Дані (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/seeding-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/14.seeding-part1",{"title":543,"path":544,"stem":545},"Seed Data — SQL-скрипти, Bogus та Стратегії (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/seeding-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/14.seeding-part2",{"title":547,"path":548,"stem":549},"Global Query Filters — Глобальні Фільтри (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/global-query-filters-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/15.global-query-filters-part1",{"title":551,"path":552,"stem":553},"Global Query Filters — Підводні камені та Інтеграція (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/global-query-filters-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/15.global-query-filters-part2",{"title":555,"path":556,"stem":557},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/linq-queries-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/16.linq-queries-part1",{"title":559,"path":560,"stem":561},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/linq-queries-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/16.linq-queries-part2",{"title":563,"path":564,"stem":565},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/loading-related-data-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/17.loading-related-data-part1",{"title":567,"path":568,"stem":569},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/loading-related-data-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/17.loading-related-data-part2",{"title":571,"path":572,"stem":573},"Raw SQL, Views та Stored Procedures (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/raw-sql-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/18.raw-sql-part1",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577},"Raw SQL — Stored Procedures, DbFunction та Bulk Operations (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/raw-sql-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/18.raw-sql-part2",{"title":579,"path":580,"stem":581},"Продвинуті Запити — Compiled Queries, Bulk та Оптимізація (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/advanced-queries-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/19.advanced-queries-part1",{"title":583,"path":584,"stem":585},"Продвинуті Запити — Query Tags, Bulk та Interceptors (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/advanced-queries-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/19.advanced-queries-part2",{"title":587,"path":588,"stem":589},"Change Tracker — Відстеження Змін (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/change-tracking-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/20.change-tracking-part1",{"title":591,"path":592,"stem":593},"Change Tracker — Графи Об'єктів та Disconnected (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/change-tracking-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/20.change-tracking-part2",{"title":595,"path":596,"stem":597},"Збереження Даних та Транзакції (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/saving-data-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/21.saving-data-part1",{"title":599,"path":600,"stem":601},"Збереження Даних — Concurrency та Outbox (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/saving-data-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/21.saving-data-part2",{"title":603,"path":604,"stem":605},"Конкурентність та Блокування (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/concurrency-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/22.concurrency-part1",{"title":607,"path":608,"stem":609},"Конкурентність — Дедлоки та Queue Processing (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/concurrency-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/22.concurrency-part2",{"title":611,"path":612,"stem":613},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-basics-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/23.migrations-basics-part1",{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-basics-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/23.migrations-basics-part2",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-advanced-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/24.migrations-advanced-part1",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/migrations-advanced-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/24.migrations-advanced-part2",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/schema-management-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/25.schema-management-part1",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/schema-management-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/25.schema-management-part2",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637},"Продуктивність EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/performance-fundamentals-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/26.performance-fundamentals-part1",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641},"Interceptors в EF Core (Частина 1)","/csharp/ef-core/interceptors-part1","01.csharp/10.ef-core/29.interceptors-part1",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645},"Interceptors в EF Core — Connection, Transaction та Materialization (Частина 2)","/csharp/ef-core/interceptors-part2","01.csharp/10.ef-core/29.interceptors-part2",{"title":647,"path":648,"stem":649},"План вивчення Entity Framework Core — Повний курс","/csharp/ef-core/implementation_plan","01.csharp/10.ef-core/implementation_plan",{"title":651,"icon":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655,"page":59},"ASP.NET","i-devicon-dotnetcore","/csharp/aspnet","01.csharp/11.aspnet",[656,730,791,869,927,941,967,1057,1111,1182,1212,1289],{"title":657,"icon":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"children":661,"page":59},"Minimal API","i-lucide-network","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api",[662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726],{"title":663,"path":664,"stem":665},"Вступ до ASP.NET та еволюція фреймворку","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/introduction","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/01.introduction",{"title":667,"path":668,"stem":669},"Перший додаток на ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/first-application","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/02.first-application",{"title":671,"path":672,"stem":673},"WebApplication, Builder та Dependency Injection","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/webapplication-builder","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/03.webapplication-builder",{"title":675,"path":676,"stem":677},"Конвеєр запитів та Middleware","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/request-pipeline-middleware","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/04.request-pipeline-middleware",{"title":679,"path":680,"stem":681},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/routing-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/05.routing-basics",{"title":683,"path":684,"stem":685},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Розширені можливості","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/routing-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/06.routing-advanced",{"title":687,"path":688,"stem":689},"Статичні файли в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/static-files","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/07.static-files",{"title":691,"path":692,"stem":693},"Статичні Активи: MapStaticAssets (ASP.NET Core 9.0)","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/static-assets","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/08.static-assets",{"title":695,"path":696,"stem":697},"Конфігурація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/configuration-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/09.configuration-fundamentals",{"title":699,"path":700,"stem":701},"Конфігурація: Паттерн Options","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/configuration-options","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/10.configuration-options",{"title":703,"path":704,"stem":705},"Логування в ASP.NET Core: Основи","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/logging-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/11.logging-basics",{"title":707,"path":708,"stem":709},"Логування: Serilog та Middleware","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/logging-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/12.logging-advanced",{"title":711,"path":712,"stem":713},"Управління станом: HttpContext.Items та Cookies","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/state-management","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/13.state-management",{"title":715,"path":716,"stem":717},"Стан сесії: Sessions","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/session-state","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/14.session-state",{"title":719,"path":720,"stem":721},"Структура проєкту: від хаосу до архітектури","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/project-structure","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/15.project-structure",{"title":723,"path":724,"stem":725},"Scalar у Minimal API: повний проєкт і Fluent OpenAPI","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/scalar-openapi-fluent","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/16.scalar-openapi-fluent",{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},"Swagger / Swashbuckle у Minimal API: окремий класичний шлях","/csharp/aspnet/minimal-api/swagger-swashbuckle","01.csharp/11.aspnet/01.minimal-api/17.swagger-swashbuckle",{"title":731,"icon":658,"path":732,"stem":733,"children":734,"page":59},"API","/csharp/aspnet/api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api",[735,739,743,747,751,755,759,763,767,771,775,779,783,787],{"title":736,"path":737,"stem":738},"Що таке API. Клієнт-серверна архітектура","/csharp/aspnet/api/what-is-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/01.what-is-api",{"title":740,"path":741,"stem":742},"Формати даних: JSON, XML, TOML та бінарні формати","/csharp/aspnet/api/data-formats","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/02.data-formats",{"title":744,"path":745,"stem":746},"Парадигми API та концепція REST","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-paradigms-rest","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/03.api-paradigms-rest",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750},"HTTP-методи, статус-коди та заголовки","/csharp/aspnet/api/http-methods-status-codes","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/04.http-methods-status-codes",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754},"Організація HTTP API за принципами REST","/csharp/aspnet/api/rest-organizing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/05.rest-organizing",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758},"Номенклатура URL та CRUD-операції","/csharp/aspnet/api/url-nomenclature-crud","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/06.url-nomenclature-crud",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762},"Правила дизайну: іменування та стандарти","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-naming","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/07.api-design-naming",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766},"Валідація, ліміти та обробка помилок","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/08.api-design-validation",{"title":768,"path":769,"stem":770},"Обробка помилок у Minimal API","/csharp/aspnet/api/error-handling-http","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/09.error-handling-http",{"title":772,"path":773,"stem":774},"Ідемпотентність та синхронізація стану","/csharp/aspnet/api/idempotency-sync","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/10.idempotency-sync",{"title":776,"path":777,"stem":778},"Пагінація та організація списків","/csharp/aspnet/api/pagination-lists","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/11.pagination-lists",{"title":780,"path":781,"stem":782},"Безпека API, кешування та інтернаціоналізація","/csharp/aspnet/api/security-auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/12.security-auth",{"title":784,"path":785,"stem":786},"Процес проєктування API та документування","/csharp/aspnet/api/api-design-process","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/13.api-design-process",{"title":788,"path":789,"stem":790},"OpenAPI: контракт, специфікація та документація API","/csharp/aspnet/api/openapi","01.csharp/11.aspnet/02.api/14.openapi",{"title":792,"icon":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796,"page":59},"Auth","i-lucide-shield-check","/csharp/aspnet/auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth",[797,801,805,809,813,817,821,825,829,833,837,841,845,849,853,857,861,865],{"title":798,"path":799,"stem":800},"Основи аутентифікації та авторизації","/csharp/aspnet/auth/auth-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/01.auth-fundamentals",{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804},"JWT-аутентифікація","/csharp/aspnet/auth/jwt-authentication","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/02.jwt-authentication",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808},"Авторизація: ролі, політики та resource-based доступ","/csharp/aspnet/auth/authorization-policies","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/03.authorization-policies",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812},"Cookie-аутентифікація та ASP.NET Core Identity","/csharp/aspnet/auth/cookie-auth-identity","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/04.cookie-auth-identity",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816},"JWT + Refresh Tokens (HttpOnly Cookie)","/csharp/aspnet/auth/04b.identity-auth-jwt","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/04b.identity-auth-jwt",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820},"Identity: Підтвердження Email та Скидання Пароля","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-email-confirmation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/05.identity-email-confirmation",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824},"Identity: Двофакторна Аутентифікація (2FA)","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-two-factor","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/06.identity-two-factor",{"title":826,"path":827,"stem":828},"Identity: Внутрішня Архітектура та Кастомізація","/csharp/aspnet/auth/identity-internals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/07.identity-internals",{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},"OAuth 2.0 та зовнішні провайдери","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oauth-external-providers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/08.oauth-external-providers",{"title":834,"path":835,"stem":836},"Безпека на практиці: CORS, HTTPS та захист від атак","/csharp/aspnet/auth/security-hardening","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/09.security-hardening",{"title":838,"path":839,"stem":840},"Теорія OAuth 2.0: Поняття, Аналогії та Флоу","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oauth-theory","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/10.oauth-theory",{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"OIDC, OAuth 2.0 та Keycloak в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/oidc-keycloak","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/10.oidc-keycloak",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"API Keys аутентифікація в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/api-keys","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/11.api-keys",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Rate Limiting та Throttling в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/rate-limiting","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/12.rate-limiting",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Refresh Token Rotation в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/refresh-token-rotation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/13.refresh-token-rotation",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},"Certificate Authentication та mTLS в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/certificate-auth","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/14.certificate-auth",{"title":862,"path":863,"stem":864},"RBAC, ABAC та ReBAC в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/rbac-abac-rebac","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/15.rbac-abac-rebac",{"title":866,"path":867,"stem":868},"Multi-tenancy та ізоляція даних в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/auth/multi-tenancy","01.csharp/11.aspnet/03.auth/16.multi-tenancy",{"title":870,"icon":871,"path":872,"stem":873,"children":874,"page":59},"Нотифікації","i-lucide-bell","/csharp/aspnet/notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications",[875,879,883,887,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,923],{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"In-App нотифікації через базу даних","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/in-app-database-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/01.in-app-database-notifications",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Polling: Регулярний запит оновлень","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/polling","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/02.polling",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},"Server-Sent Events: Однострімовий push від сервера","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/server-sent-events","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/03.server-sent-events",{"title":888,"path":889,"stem":890},"WebSockets: Двостороннє з'єднання в реальному часі","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/websockets","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/04.websockets",{"title":892,"path":893,"stem":894},"SignalR: Абстракція над транспортами реального часу","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/signalr","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/05.signalr",{"title":896,"path":897,"stem":898},"Background Services: Фонові задачі в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/background-services","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/06.background-services",{"title":900,"path":901,"stem":902},"Web Push нотифікації","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/web-push","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/07.web-push",{"title":904,"path":905,"stem":906},"Email нотифікації","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/email-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/08.email-notifications",{"title":908,"path":909,"stem":910},"Порівняння підходів: Як вибрати правильну технологію нотифікацій","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/choosing-the-right-approach","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/09.choosing-the-right-approach",{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Hangfire: Надійне планування фонових задач","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/10.hangfire",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Практика: Конвертація зображень у WebP через Hangfire","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire-image-webp","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/11.hangfire-image-webp",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Практика: Підготовка відео до HLS-стрімінгу через Hangfire","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/hangfire-video-hls","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/12.hangfire-video-hls",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Telegram-нотифікації: від одного повідомлення до масових розсилок і мульти-канального підходу","/csharp/aspnet/notifications/telegram-notifications","01.csharp/11.aspnet/04.notifications/13.telegram-notifications",{"title":928,"icon":929,"path":930,"stem":931,"children":932,"page":59},"Інтернаціоналізація","i-lucide-languages","/csharp/aspnet/i18n","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n",[933,937],{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Інтернаціоналізація (i18n) у Minimal API: від A до Я","/csharp/aspnet/i18n/internationalization","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n/01.internationalization",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},"Humanizer: людиномовні рядки у .NET","/csharp/aspnet/i18n/humanizer","01.csharp/11.aspnet/05.i18n/02.humanizer",{"title":942,"icon":943,"path":944,"stem":945,"children":946,"page":59},"Кешування","i-lucide-layers","/csharp/aspnet/caching","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching",[947,951,955,959,963],{"title":948,"path":949,"stem":950},"Огляд кешування: чотири рівні і коли що обирати","/csharp/aspnet/caching/caching","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/01.caching",{"title":952,"path":953,"stem":954},"IMemoryCache: кеш в оперативній пам'яті","/csharp/aspnet/caching/memory-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/02.memory-cache",{"title":956,"path":957,"stem":958},"IDistributedCache і Redis: розподілений кеш","/csharp/aspnet/caching/distributed-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/03.distributed-cache",{"title":960,"path":961,"stem":962},"Response Cache: HTTP-кешування через Cache-Control","/csharp/aspnet/caching/response-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/04.response-cache",{"title":964,"path":965,"stem":966},"Output Cache: серверний кеш HTTP-відповідей (.NET 7+)","/csharp/aspnet/caching/output-cache","01.csharp/11.aspnet/06.caching/05.output-cache",{"title":968,"icon":969,"path":970,"stem":971,"children":972,"page":59},"Тестування","i-lucide-test-tube","/csharp/aspnet/testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing",[973,977,981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005,1009,1013,1017,1021,1025,1029,1033,1037,1041,1045,1049,1053],{"title":974,"path":975,"stem":976},"Що таке тестування? Від інтуїції до науки","/csharp/aspnet/testing/what-is-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/01.what-is-testing",{"title":978,"path":979,"stem":980},"Піраміда тестування — Стратегія, а не Догма","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-pyramid","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/02.testing-pyramid",{"title":982,"path":983,"stem":984},"Дві Школи Тестування — Лондон проти Детройту","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-schools","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/03.testing-schools",{"title":986,"path":987,"stem":988},"TDD та BDD — Тести як Дизайн-інструмент","/csharp/aspnet/testing/tdd-and-bdd","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/04.tdd-and-bdd",{"title":990,"path":991,"stem":992},"Що саме тестувати — Техніки аналізу та Циклomatична складність","/csharp/aspnet/testing/what-to-test","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/05.what-to-test",{"title":994,"path":995,"stem":996},"Тестові Фреймворки — Навіщо вони і що всередині","/csharp/aspnet/testing/test-frameworks","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/06.test-frameworks",{"title":998,"path":999,"stem":1000},"xUnit — Факти, Теорії та Lifecycle тестів","/csharp/aspnet/testing/xunit-basics","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/07.xunit-basics",{"title":1002,"path":1003,"stem":1004},"xUnit Advanced — Fixtures, Кастомізація та Розширення","/csharp/aspnet/testing/xunit-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/08.xunit-advanced",{"title":1006,"path":1007,"stem":1008},"Moq — Глибоке занурення в мокування","/csharp/aspnet/testing/mocking-with-moq","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/09.mocking-with-moq",{"title":1010,"path":1011,"stem":1012},"Тестування Баз Даних — EF Core, SQLite та Testcontainers","/csharp/aspnet/testing/database-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/10.database-testing",{"title":1014,"path":1015,"stem":1016},"Integration Testing — Частина 1 [Теорія та WebApplicationFactory]","/csharp/aspnet/testing/integration-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/11.integration-testing",{"title":1018,"path":1019,"stem":1020},"Інтеграційне тестування — Практика","/csharp/aspnet/testing/11a.integration-testing-practice","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/11a.integration-testing-practice",{"title":1022,"path":1023,"stem":1024},"Integration Testing — Частина 2 [Просунуті Сценарії та Testcontainers]","/csharp/aspnet/testing/integration-testing-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/12.integration-testing-advanced",{"title":1026,"path":1027,"stem":1028},"Професійний Postman: Колекції, Змінні та GitHub Інтеграція","/csharp/aspnet/testing/postman-professional","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/13.postman-professional",{"title":1030,"path":1031,"stem":1032},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 1: Архітектура та MockHttpMessageHandler","/csharp/aspnet/testing/httpclient-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/14.httpclient-testing",{"title":1034,"path":1035,"stem":1036},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 2: WireMock.Net та Resilience","/csharp/aspnet/testing/wiremock-net","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/15.wiremock-net",{"title":1038,"path":1039,"stem":1040},"Патерни та Анти-патерни Тестування: Test Smells","/csharp/aspnet/testing/testing-patterns","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/16.testing-patterns",{"title":1042,"path":1043,"stem":1044},"Просунуті інструменти: Time, Snapshots та Властивості","/csharp/aspnet/testing/advanced-testing-tools","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/17.advanced-testing-tools",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},"Тестування Архітектури з NetArchTest","/csharp/aspnet/testing/architecture-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/18.architecture-testing",{"title":1050,"path":1051,"stem":1052},"Тестування Продуктивності: BenchmarkDotNet, NBomber та k6","/csharp/aspnet/testing/performance-testing","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/19.performance-testing",{"title":1054,"path":1055,"stem":1056},"Залишок плану для курсу \"Тестування ASP.NET Minimal API\"","/csharp/aspnet/testing/remaining_plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/07.testing/remaining_plan",{"title":1058,"icon":1059,"path":1060,"stem":1061,"children":1062,"page":59},"Платежі","i-lucide-credit-card","/csharp/aspnet/payments","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments",[1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1064,"path":1065,"stem":1066},"Основи платіжної інфраструктури","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-fundamentals","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/01.payment-fundamentals",{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},"Методи оплати в Україні","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-methods-ukraine","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/02.payment-methods-ukraine",{"title":1072,"path":1073,"stem":1074},"PCI DSS та безпека платежів","/csharp/aspnet/payments/pci-dss-security","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/03.pci-dss-security",{"title":1076,"path":1077,"stem":1078},"Архітектура платіжної підсистеми","/csharp/aspnet/payments/payment-architecture","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/04.payment-architecture",{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"Інтеграція LiqPay (ПриватБанк)","/csharp/aspnet/payments/liqpay-integration","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/05.liqpay-integration",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"Інтеграція Monobank Acquiring API","/csharp/aspnet/payments/monobank-acquiring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/06.monobank-acquiring",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},"Інтеграція Stripe","/csharp/aspnet/payments/stripe-integration","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/07.stripe-integration",{"title":1092,"path":1093,"stem":1094},"Webhooks — глибоке занурення","/csharp/aspnet/payments/webhooks-deep-dive","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/08.webhooks-deep-dive",{"title":1096,"path":1097,"stem":1098},"Підписки та рекурентні платежі","/csharp/aspnet/payments/subscriptions-recurring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/09.subscriptions-recurring",{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"Повернення коштів та диспути","/csharp/aspnet/payments/refunds-disputes","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/10.refunds-disputes",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"Тестування платіжних інтеграцій","/csharp/aspnet/payments/testing-payments","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/11.testing-payments",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"Чекліст виходу в Production","/csharp/aspnet/payments/production-checklist","01.csharp/11.aspnet/08.payments/12.production-checklist",{"title":1112,"icon":1113,"items":1114,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129,"page":59},"Популярні бібліотеки","lucide:box",[1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126],"01.fluent-validation","02.mapster","03.erroror-result-pattern","04.serilog","05.mediatr","06.polly","07.health-checks","08.feature-management","09.fluent-email","10.quest-pdf","11.bogus","12.humanizer-guard","/csharp/aspnet/libraries","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries",[1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178],{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Валідація з FluentValidation в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/fluent-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/01.fluent-validation",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Маппінг об","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/mapster","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/02.mapster",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Обробка помилок з ErrorOr та Result Pattern в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/erroror-result-pattern","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/03.erroror-result-pattern",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"Структуроване логування з Serilog в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/serilog","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/04.serilog",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"CQRS та Mediator з MediatR в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/mediatr","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/05.mediatr",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Відмовостійкість з Polly в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/polly","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/06.polly",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Health Checks в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/health-checks","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/07.health-checks",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Feature Management та Feature Flags в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/feature-management","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/08.feature-management",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Відправка Email з FluentEmail в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/fluent-email","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/09.fluent-email",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"Генерація PDF з QuestPDF в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/quest-pdf","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/10.quest-pdf",{"title":1171,"path":1172,"stem":1173},"Генерація тестових даних з Bogus в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/bogus","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/11.bogus",{"title":1175,"path":1176,"stem":1177},"Humanizer та Guard Clauses в ASP.NET Core","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/humanizer-guard","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/12.humanizer-guard",{"title":1179,"path":1180,"stem":1181},"План модуля 10.libraries — Популярні бібліотеки ASP.NET","/csharp/aspnet/libraries/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/09.libraries/plan",{"title":1183,"icon":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186,"children":1187,"page":59},"Razor Pages","i-lucide-layout-template","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages",[1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},"Від Minimal API до Razor Pages: концептуальний перехід","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/from-minimal-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/01.from-minimal-api",{"title":1193,"path":1194,"stem":1195},"PageModel: логіка сторінки Razor Pages","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/page-model","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/02.page-model",{"title":1197,"path":1198,"stem":1199},"Razor синтаксис: шаблонізатор у .cshtml","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/razor-syntax","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/03.razor-syntax",{"title":1201,"path":1202,"stem":1203},"Tag Helpers: типізований HTML","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/tag-helpers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/04.tag-helpers",{"title":1205,"path":1206,"stem":1207},"Форми і валідація: повний цикл обробки даних","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/forms-validation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/05.forms-validation",{"title":1209,"path":1210,"stem":1211},"Практичний проєкт: TaskManager на Razor Pages","/csharp/aspnet/razor-pages/project-task-manager","01.csharp/11.aspnet/10.razor-pages/06.project-task-manager",{"title":1213,"path":1214,"stem":1215,"children":1216,"page":59},"ASP.NET Core MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc",[1217,1221,1225,1229,1233,1237,1241,1245,1249,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1218,"path":1219,"stem":1220},"Патерн MVC: архітектура, що змінила веб","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/mvc-pattern","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/01.mvc-pattern",{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"Від Razor Pages до MVC: концептуальний перехід","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/from-razor-pages","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/02.from-razor-pages",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"Controllers та Actions: серце MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/controllers-actions","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/03.controllers-actions",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"Маршрутизація в MVC: Convention vs Attribute Routing","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/routing-mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/04.routing-mvc",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},"Model Binding: від HTTP до C#","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/model-binding","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/05.model-binding",{"title":1238,"path":1239,"stem":1240},"Views, ViewData, ViewBag, TempData і ViewModel","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/views-viewdata-tempdata","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/06.views-viewdata-tempdata",{"title":1242,"path":1243,"stem":1244},"Filters: аспектно-орієнтоване програмування в MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/filters","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/07.filters",{"title":1246,"path":1247,"stem":1248},"Areas: структурування великих застосунків","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/areas","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/08.areas",{"title":1250,"path":1251,"stem":1252},"View Components: повторювані незалежні блоки UI","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/view-components","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/09.view-components",{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"Display та Editor Templates","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/display-editor-templates","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/10.display-editor-templates",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"Валідація: IValidatableObject та FluentValidation","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/validation-advanced","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/11.validation-advanced",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"HTMX: інтерактивність через HTML-атрибути","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/htmx","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/12.htmx",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"HTMX у ASP.NET Core MVC: серверна інтеграція","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/ajax-htmx-mvc","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/13.ajax-htmx-mvc",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"Практичний проєкт: Каталог товарів з HTMX","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/htmx-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/14.htmx-project",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"Завантаження та обробка файлів","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/file-upload","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/15.file-upload",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"Глобалізація та Локалізація MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/globalization-localization","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/16.globalization-localization",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"Підсумковий проєкт: Блог-платформа","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/mvc-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/17.mvc-project",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core MVC","/csharp/aspnet/mvc/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/11.mvc/plan",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293,"page":59},"Web Api","/csharp/aspnet/web-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api",[1294,1298,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342],{"title":1295,"path":1296,"stem":1297},"Від Minimal API до Controller-based API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/from-minimal-api-to-controllers","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/01.from-minimal-api-to-controllers",{"title":1299,"path":1300,"stem":1301},"ControllerBase, ActionResult\u003CT> та Response Types","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/controller-base-actionresult","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/02.controller-base-actionresult",{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"Content Negotiation - JSON, XML та власні форматери","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/content-negotiation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/03.content-negotiation",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"Версіонування API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/api-versioning","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/04.api-versioning",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"ProblemDetails та структурована обробка помилок","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/problemdetails-error-handling","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/05.problemdetails-error-handling",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"Фільтри у Web API контексті","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/filters-for-api","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/06.filters-for-api",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"Пагінація, фільтрація та сортування","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/pagination-filtering-sorting","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/07.pagination-filtering-sorting",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"HATEOAS та Resource Expansion","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/hateoas-resource-expansion","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/08.hateoas-resource-expansion",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"Гібридна архітектура - Minimal API + Controllers","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/09.minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"Документація API - Swashbuckle, NSwag та генерація клієнтів","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/api-documentation-generation","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/10.api-documentation-generation",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"Health Checks та моніторинг API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/health-checks-monitoring","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/11.health-checks-monitoring",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"Підсумковий проєкт - Production-Ready REST API","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/web-api-project","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/12.web-api-project",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core Web API (Controllers)","/csharp/aspnet/web-api/plan","01.csharp/11.aspnet/12.web-api/plan",{"title":1347,"icon":1348,"path":1349,"stem":1350,"children":1351,"page":59},"Desktop UI","i-lucide-app-window","/csharp/desktop-ui","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui",[1352,1356,1360,1364,1368,1372,1376,1380,1384,1388,1392,1396,1400,1404,1408,1412,1416,1420,1424,1428,1432,1436,1440,1444,1448,1452,1456,1460,1464,1468,1472,1476,1480,1484,1488,1492,1496,1500,1504,1508,1512,1516,1520,1524,1528,1532,1536,1540,1544,1548,1552,1556,1560,1564,1568,1572,1576,1580,1584,1588,1592,1596,1600,1604,1608,1612,1616,1620,1624,1628,1632],{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"Що таке десктопна розробка?","/csharp/desktop-ui/what-is-desktop-dev","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/01.what-is-desktop-dev",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"Архітектура WPF — як влаштований графічний інтерфейс","/csharp/desktop-ui/wpf-architecture","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/02.wpf-architecture",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"Перший WPF-проєкт — від нуля до вікна","/csharp/desktop-ui/first-wpf-app","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/03.first-wpf-app",{"title":1365,"path":1366,"stem":1367},"Перший Avalonia-проєкт: WPF для всіх платформ","/csharp/desktop-ui/03a.first-avalonia-app","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/03a.first-avalonia-app",{"title":1369,"path":1370,"stem":1371},"XAML: декларативний інтерфейс","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-basics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04.xaml-basics",{"title":1373,"path":1374,"stem":1375},"Fluent UI у WPF — сучасний дизайн Windows 11","/csharp/desktop-ui/04a.wpf-fluent-ui","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04a.wpf-fluent-ui",{"title":1377,"path":1378,"stem":1379},"WPF UI — сучасна бібліотека Fluent контролів","/csharp/desktop-ui/04b.wpf-ui-library","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04b.wpf-ui-library",{"title":1381,"path":1382,"stem":1383},"HandyControl — велика бібліотека UI контролів для WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/04c.handycontrol-library","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/04c.handycontrol-library",{"title":1385,"path":1386,"stem":1387},"Простори імен та ресурси XAML","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-namespaces-resources","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/05.xaml-namespaces-resources",{"title":1389,"path":1390,"stem":1391},"XAML в Avalonia: ключові відмінності від WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/05a.avalonia-xaml-differences","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/05a.avalonia-xaml-differences",{"title":1393,"path":1394,"stem":1395},"Розширення розмітки XAML (Markup Extensions)","/csharp/desktop-ui/xaml-markup-extensions","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/06.xaml-markup-extensions",{"title":1397,"path":1398,"stem":1399},"Панелі Layout: StackPanel, WrapPanel, DockPanel","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-panels-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/07.layout-panels-part1",{"title":1401,"path":1402,"stem":1403},"Grid, Canvas, UniformGrid","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-panels-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/07.layout-panels-part2",{"title":1405,"path":1406,"stem":1407},"Просунуті техніки Layout","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-advanced","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/08.layout-advanced",{"title":1409,"path":1410,"stem":1411},"Адаптивний Layout та найкращі практики","/csharp/desktop-ui/layout-responsive","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/09.layout-responsive",{"title":1413,"path":1414,"stem":1415},"Layout в Avalonia: відмінності та нові можливості","/csharp/desktop-ui/09a.layout-avalonia","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/09a.layout-avalonia",{"title":1417,"path":1418,"stem":1419},"Button, Image, ProgressBar та інші базові контроли","/csharp/desktop-ui/basic-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/10.basic-controls",{"title":1421,"path":1422,"stem":1423},"Контроли в Avalonia: відмінності від WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/10a.controls-avalonia","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/10a.controls-avalonia",{"title":1425,"path":1426,"stem":1427},"Текстові контроли — TextBlock, TextBox, RichTextBox","/csharp/desktop-ui/text-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/11.text-controls",{"title":1429,"path":1430,"stem":1431},"Контроли вибору — CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, ListBox, DatePicker","/csharp/desktop-ui/selection-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/12.selection-controls",{"title":1433,"path":1434,"stem":1435},"Content Model — GroupBox, Expander, TabControl, StatusBar","/csharp/desktop-ui/content-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/13.content-controls",{"title":1437,"path":1438,"stem":1439},"UI/UX принципи десктопних застосунків","/csharp/desktop-ui/13a.ui-ux-principles","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/13a.ui-ux-principles",{"title":1441,"path":1442,"stem":1443},"Dependency Properties — Концепція та Value Resolution","/csharp/desktop-ui/dependency-properties-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/14.dependency-properties-part1",{"title":1445,"path":1446,"stem":1447},"Avalonia Property System — StyledProperty та DirectProperty","/csharp/desktop-ui/14a.avalonia-property-system","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/14a.avalonia-property-system",{"title":1449,"path":1450,"stem":1451},"Attached Properties — Властивості без меж","/csharp/desktop-ui/attached-properties","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/15.attached-properties",{"title":1453,"path":1454,"stem":1455},"Routed Events — Маршрутизація подій у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/routed-events","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/16.routed-events",{"title":1457,"path":1458,"stem":1459},"Data Binding — Від Code-Behind до Декларативності","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-basics-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17.data-binding-basics-part1",{"title":1461,"path":1462,"stem":1463},"INotifyPropertyChanged — Живе оновлення UI","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-basics-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17.data-binding-basics-part2",{"title":1465,"path":1466,"stem":1467},"Compiled Bindings в Avalonia — Безпека на етапі компіляції","/csharp/desktop-ui/17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings",{"title":1469,"path":1470,"stem":1471},"Просунутий Data Binding — ElementName, RelativeSource, MultiBinding","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-binding-advanced","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/18.data-binding-advanced",{"title":1473,"path":1474,"stem":1475},"Value Converters — Перетворення типів даних у Data Binding","/csharp/desktop-ui/value-converters","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/19.value-converters",{"title":1477,"path":1478,"stem":1479},"Data Templates — Візуалізація об'єктів у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-templates","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/20.data-templates",{"title":1481,"path":1482,"stem":1483},"Collections Binding Part 1 — ObservableCollection та ItemsControl","/csharp/desktop-ui/collections-binding-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/21.collections-binding-part1",{"title":1485,"path":1486,"stem":1487},"Collections Binding Part 2 — ICollectionView, Filtering, Sorting та Virtualization","/csharp/desktop-ui/collections-binding-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/21.collections-binding-part2",{"title":1489,"path":1490,"stem":1491},"MVVM Pattern — Від Spaghetti Code до архітектури","/csharp/desktop-ui/mvvm-pattern","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/22.mvvm-pattern",{"title":1493,"path":1494,"stem":1495},"ViewModel Implementation — Від BaseViewModel до валідації","/csharp/desktop-ui/viewmodel-implementation","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/23.viewmodel-implementation",{"title":1497,"path":1498,"stem":1499},"Commands — Від event handlers до декларативних команд","/csharp/desktop-ui/commands","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/24.commands",{"title":1501,"path":1502,"stem":1503},"MVVM Toolkit — MVVM без boilerplate через Source Generators","/csharp/desktop-ui/mvvm-toolkit","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/25.mvvm-toolkit",{"title":1505,"path":1506,"stem":1507},"Messenger Pattern — Комунікація між ViewModel без прямих посилань","/csharp/desktop-ui/messenger-pattern","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/26.messenger-pattern",{"title":1509,"path":1510,"stem":1511},"Стилі WPF — CSS для десктопу","/csharp/desktop-ui/styles-basics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/27.styles-basics",{"title":1513,"path":1514,"stem":1515},"CSS-like стилі Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/27a.avalonia-css-styling","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/27a.avalonia-css-styling",{"title":1517,"path":1518,"stem":1519},"Control Templates — Частина 1. Концепція та TemplateBinding","/csharp/desktop-ui/control-templates-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28.control-templates-part1",{"title":1521,"path":1522,"stem":1523},"Control Templates — Частина 2. Named Parts та ContentPresenter","/csharp/desktop-ui/control-templates-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28.control-templates-part2",{"title":1525,"path":1526,"stem":1527},"Control Themes в Avalonia — нова ера стилізації","/csharp/desktop-ui/28a.avalonia-control-themes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/28a.avalonia-control-themes",{"title":1529,"path":1530,"stem":1531},"Triggers та Visual State Manager у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/triggers-visual-states","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/29.triggers-visual-states",{"title":1533,"path":1534,"stem":1535},"Pseudo-classes в Avalonia — замість WPF Triggers","/csharp/desktop-ui/29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes",{"title":1537,"path":1538,"stem":1539},"Теми та ресурсні словники у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/resources-themes","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/30.resources-themes",{"title":1541,"path":1542,"stem":1543},"Avalonia Themes — Fluent Design та система тематизації","/csharp/desktop-ui/30a.avalonia-themes-fluent","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/30a.avalonia-themes-fluent",{"title":1545,"path":1546,"stem":1547},"Контроли колекцій — глибоке занурення","/csharp/desktop-ui/collection-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/31.collection-controls",{"title":1549,"path":1550,"stem":1551},"DataGrid — колонки та базове відображення","/csharp/desktop-ui/datagrid-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/32.datagrid-part1",{"title":1553,"path":1554,"stem":1555},"DataGrid — сортування, фільтрація, редагування","/csharp/desktop-ui/datagrid-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/32.datagrid-part2",{"title":1557,"path":1558,"stem":1559},"TreeView та GridView","/csharp/desktop-ui/treeview-listview","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/33.treeview-listview",{"title":1561,"path":1562,"stem":1563},"Меню, Toolbar, ContextMenu, StatusBar","/csharp/desktop-ui/menus-toolbars","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/34.menus-toolbars",{"title":1565,"path":1566,"stem":1567},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 1: вікна та сторінки","/csharp/desktop-ui/navigation-windows-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35.navigation-windows-part1",{"title":1569,"path":1570,"stem":1571},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 2: MVVM-навігація","/csharp/desktop-ui/navigation-windows-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35.navigation-windows-part2",{"title":1573,"path":1574,"stem":1575},"Avalonia — Навігація та діалоги","/csharp/desktop-ui/35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs",{"title":1577,"path":1578,"stem":1579},"Діалоги та File Pickers у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/dialogs-file-pickers","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/36.dialogs-file-pickers",{"title":1581,"path":1582,"stem":1583},"UserControl: компонентний підхід у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/user-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/37.user-controls",{"title":1585,"path":1586,"stem":1587},"Custom Controls: Lookless Controls у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/custom-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/38.custom-controls",{"title":1589,"path":1590,"stem":1591},"Avalonia TemplatedControl — Lookless Controls","/csharp/desktop-ui/38a.avalonia-templated-controls","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/38a.avalonia-templated-controls",{"title":1593,"path":1594,"stem":1595},"Анімації у WPF: Storyboard та Easing Functions","/csharp/desktop-ui/animations-transitions","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/39.animations-transitions",{"title":1597,"path":1598,"stem":1599},"Анімації в Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/39a.avalonia-animations","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/39a.avalonia-animations",{"title":1601,"path":1602,"stem":1603},"2D Графіка та Мультимедіа у WPF","/csharp/desktop-ui/media-graphics","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/40.media-graphics",{"title":1605,"path":1606,"stem":1607},"Dependency Injection у WPF та Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/di-integration","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/41.di-integration",{"title":1609,"path":1610,"stem":1611},"SQLite та EF Core у десктопних додатках","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-persistence-part1","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/42.data-persistence-part1",{"title":1613,"path":1614,"stem":1615},"Repository Pattern та Unit of Work","/csharp/desktop-ui/data-persistence-part2","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/43.data-persistence-part2",{"title":1617,"path":1618,"stem":1619},"Тестування ViewModels","/csharp/desktop-ui/viewmodel-testing","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/44.viewmodel-testing",{"title":1621,"path":1622,"stem":1623},"Avalonia Headless Testing — тестування UI без вікон","/csharp/desktop-ui/44a.avalonia-headless-testing","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/44a.avalonia-headless-testing",{"title":1625,"path":1626,"stem":1627},"Кросплатформна розробка з Avalonia","/csharp/desktop-ui/avalonia-cross-platform","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/45.avalonia-cross-platform",{"title":1629,"path":1630,"stem":1631},"Пакування та розгортання Avalonia додатків","/csharp/desktop-ui/avalonia-packaging-deployment","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/46.avalonia-packaging-deployment",{"title":1633,"path":1634,"stem":1635},"Розгортання WPF застосунків","/csharp/desktop-ui/wpf-packaging-deployment","01.csharp/12.desktop-ui/47.wpf-packaging-deployment",{"title":1637,"path":1638,"stem":1639},"C# & .NET: The Ultimate Roadmap","/csharp/roadmap","01.csharp/roadmap",{"title":1641,"icon":1642,"path":1643,"stem":1644,"children":1645,"page":59},"C++","i-devicon-cplusplus","/cpp","02.cpp",[1646,1650,1654,1658,1662,1666,1670,1674,1678,1681,1685,1689,1693,1697,1701,1705,1709,1713,1717,1721,1725,1729,1733,1737,1741,1745,1749,1753,1757,1761],{"title":1647,"path":1648,"stem":1649},"Вступ у програмування та алгоритми","/cpp/intro-algorithms","02.cpp/01.intro-algorithms",{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},"Code Style: угоди про оформлення коду","/cpp/code-style","02.cpp/02.code-style",{"title":1655,"path":1656,"stem":1657},"Середовище розробки та перший 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типу void","/cpp/void-pointers","02.cpp/20.void-pointers",{"title":1726,"path":1727,"stem":1728},"Вказівники на вказівники","/cpp/pointers-to-pointers","02.cpp/21.pointers-to-pointers",{"title":1730,"path":1731,"stem":1732},"Оператор доступу до членів через вказівник (->)","/cpp/member-access-operator","02.cpp/22.member-access-operator",{"title":1734,"path":1735,"stem":1736},"Цикл for-each (Range-based for)","/cpp/foreach-loop","02.cpp/23.foreach-loop",{"title":1738,"path":1739,"stem":1740},"Вказівники на функції","/cpp/function-pointers","02.cpp/24.function-pointers",{"title":1742,"path":1743,"stem":1744},"Лямбда-вирази","/cpp/lambdas","02.cpp/25.lambdas",{"title":1746,"path":1747,"stem":1748},"Лямбда-захоплення","/cpp/lambda-captures","02.cpp/26.lambda-captures",{"title":1750,"path":1751,"stem":1752},"Еліпсис","/cpp/ellipsis","02.cpp/27.ellipsis",{"title":1754,"path":1755,"stem":1756},"Аргументи командного рядка","/cpp/command-line-arguments","02.cpp/28.command-line-arguments",{"title":1758,"path":1759,"stem":1760},"Перерахування (enum)","/cpp/enum","02.cpp/29.enum",{"title":1762,"path":1763,"stem":1764},"План навчання: Курс C++ — Продовження (Статті 29–60+)","/cpp/curriculum-plan","02.cpp/curriculum-plan",{"title":1766,"icon":1767,"path":1768,"stem":1769,"children":1770,"page":59},"JavaScript","i-devicon-javascript","/javascript","03.javascript",[1771,1797,1851,1873,2177,2215],{"title":1772,"icon":1773,"path":1774,"stem":1775,"children":1776,"page":59},"Events","i-lucide-mouse-pointer-click","/javascript/events","03.javascript/01.events",[1777,1781,1785,1789,1793],{"title":1778,"path":1779,"stem":1780},"Вступ до подій браузера","/javascript/events/intro","03.javascript/01.events/01.intro",{"title":1782,"path":1783,"stem":1784},"Бульбашковий механізм (Bubbling) та занурення (Capturing)","/javascript/events/bubbling-capturing","03.javascript/01.events/02.bubbling-capturing",{"title":1786,"path":1787,"stem":1788},"Делегування подій (Event Delegation)","/javascript/events/delegate-events","03.javascript/01.events/03.delegate-events",{"title":1790,"path":1791,"stem":1792},"Типові дії браузера та preventDefault()","/javascript/events/prevent-default","03.javascript/01.events/04.prevent-default",{"title":1794,"path":1795,"stem":1796},"Запуск користувацьких подій (Custom Events)","/javascript/events/custom-events","03.javascript/01.events/05.custom-events",{"title":1798,"icon":1799,"path":1800,"stem":1801,"children":1802,"page":59},"Network","i-lucide-globe","/javascript/network","03.javascript/02.network",[1803,1807,1811,1815,1819,1823,1827,1831,1835,1839,1843,1847],{"title":1804,"path":1805,"stem":1806},"Fetch API - Сучасний підхід до HTTP-запитів","/javascript/network/01-fetch-api","03.javascript/02.network/01-fetch-api",{"title":1808,"path":1809,"stem":1810},"FormData - Робота з формами та файлами","/javascript/network/02-formdata","03.javascript/02.network/02-formdata",{"title":1812,"path":1813,"stem":1814},"Відстеження прогресу завантаження","/javascript/network/03-download-progress","03.javascript/02.network/03-download-progress",{"title":1816,"path":1817,"stem":1818},"Переривання fetch-запитів","/javascript/network/04-abort-requests","03.javascript/02.network/04-abort-requests",{"title":1820,"path":1821,"stem":1822},"CORS - Запити між різними джерелами","/javascript/network/05-cors","03.javascript/02.network/05-cors",{"title":1824,"path":1825,"stem":1826},"Fetch API - Повний довідник опцій","/javascript/network/06-fetch-options","03.javascript/02.network/06-fetch-options",{"title":1828,"path":1829,"stem":1830},"URL Objects - Робота з посиланнями","/javascript/network/07-url-objects","03.javascript/02.network/07-url-objects",{"title":1832,"path":1833,"stem":1834},"XMLHttpRequest - AJAX та низькорівневі запити","/javascript/network/08-xmlhttprequest","03.javascript/02.network/08-xmlhttprequest",{"title":1836,"path":1837,"stem":1838},"Відновлюване завантаження файлів","/javascript/network/09-resumable-upload","03.javascript/02.network/09-resumable-upload",{"title":1840,"path":1841,"stem":1842},"Cookies, document.cookie та світ після \"Cookiepocalypse\"","/javascript/network/10-cookies","03.javascript/02.network/10-cookies",{"title":1844,"path":1845,"stem":1846},"js-cookie: Керування Cookies без Болю","/javascript/network/11-js-cookie","03.javascript/02.network/11-js-cookie",{"title":1848,"path":1849,"stem":1850},"Axios: Потужний HTTP-клієнт для JavaScript","/javascript/network/12-axios","03.javascript/02.network/12-axios",{"title":1852,"icon":1853,"path":1854,"stem":1855,"children":1856,"page":59},"Bom","i-lucide-monitor","/javascript/bom","03.javascript/03.bom",[1857,1861,1865,1869],{"title":1858,"path":1859,"stem":1860},"LocalStorage, SessionStorage та patterns збереження даних","/javascript/bom/01-localstorage","03.javascript/03.bom/01-localstorage",{"title":1862,"path":1863,"stem":1864},"Location Object - Керування адресою сторінки","/javascript/bom/02-location-object","03.javascript/03.bom/02-location-object",{"title":1866,"path":1867,"stem":1868},"History API - Керування історією браузера","/javascript/bom/03-history-api","03.javascript/03.bom/03-history-api",{"title":1870,"path":1871,"stem":1872},"Navigator Object - Ідентифікація та Можливості Пристрою","/javascript/bom/04-navigator-object","03.javascript/03.bom/04-navigator-object",{"title":1874,"icon":1875,"path":1876,"stem":1877,"children":1878},"React","i-devicon-react","/javascript/react","03.javascript/04.react/index",[1879,1880,1884,1888,1892,1896,1959,1994,2146],{"title":1874,"path":1876,"stem":1877},{"title":1881,"path":1882,"stem":1883},"Робота з Формами в React","/javascript/react/react-forms","03.javascript/04.react/01.react-forms",{"title":1885,"path":1886,"stem":1887},"React Hook Form: Професійна Робота з Формами","/javascript/react/react-hook-form","03.javascript/04.react/02.react-hook-form",{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891},"React Hook Form: Глибоке Розуміння Архітектури та Оптимізації","/javascript/react/react-hook-form-new","03.javascript/04.react/02.react-hook-form-new",{"title":1893,"path":1894,"stem":1895},"Axios та React: Професійна Архітектура Запитів","/javascript/react/data-fetching-axios","03.javascript/04.react/03.data-fetching-axios",{"title":1897,"icon":132,"path":1898,"stem":1899,"children":1900},"Tanstack Query","/javascript/react/tanstack-query","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/index",[1901,1903,1907,1911,1915,1919,1923,1927,1931,1935,1939,1943,1947,1951,1955],{"title":1902,"path":1898,"stem":1899},"TanStack Query: Майстерність Керування Станом Сервера",{"title":1904,"path":1905,"stem":1906},"Парадигма Server State: Чому useEffect недостатньо","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/server-state-paradigm","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/01.server-state-paradigm",{"title":1908,"path":1909,"stem":1910},"Встановлення та Налаштування: Фундамент","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/installation-and-devtools","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/02.installation-and-devtools",{"title":1912,"path":1913,"stem":1914},"Основи Запитів та Магія Ключів","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/query-basics-and-keys","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/03.query-basics-and-keys",{"title":1916,"path":1917,"stem":1918},"Синхронізація Даних: Життєвий Цикл Запиту","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/data-synchronization","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/04.data-synchronization",{"title":1920,"path":1921,"stem":1922},"Мутації та Інвалідація: Зміна Даних","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/mutations-and-invalidation","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/05.mutations-and-invalidation",{"title":1924,"path":1925,"stem":1926},"Оптимістичні Оновлення: Швидше за Світло","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/optimistic-updates","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/06.optimistic-updates",{"title":1928,"path":1929,"stem":1930},"Пагінація та Infinite Scroll","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/pagination-and-load-more","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/07.pagination-and-load-more",{"title":1932,"path":1933,"stem":1934},"Просунуті Патерни та Оптимізація","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/advanced-patterns","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/08.advanced-patterns",{"title":1936,"path":1937,"stem":1938},"Архітектура та Best Practices","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/architecture-and-best-practices","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/09.architecture-and-best-practices",{"title":1940,"path":1941,"stem":1942},"Server-Side Rendering (SSR) та Гідратація","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/server-side-rendering","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/10.server-side-rendering",{"title":1944,"path":1945,"stem":1946},"Стратегії Тестування","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/testing-strategies","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/11.testing-strategies",{"title":1948,"path":1949,"stem":1950},"Аутентифікація та Обробка Помилок","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/authentication-and-errors","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/12.authentication-and-errors",{"title":1952,"path":1953,"stem":1954},"React Suspense та Майбутнє","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/react-suspense","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/13.react-suspense",{"title":1956,"path":1957,"stem":1958},"Глибоке Занурення в Продуктивність","/javascript/react/tanstack-query/performance-deep-dive","03.javascript/04.react/04.tanstack-query/14.performance-deep-dive",{"title":1960,"icon":1875,"path":1961,"stem":1962,"children":1963},"React Router","/javascript/react/react-router","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/index",[1964,1966,1970,1974,1978,1982,1986,1990],{"title":1965,"path":1961,"stem":1962},"React Router: Навігаційна система сучасного вебу",{"title":1967,"path":1968,"stem":1969},"Налаштування та Базовий Роутинг","/javascript/react/react-router/setup-and-basic-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/01.setup-and-basic-routing",{"title":1971,"path":1972,"stem":1973},"Динамічна Навігація","/javascript/react/react-router/navigation-and-links","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/02.navigation-and-links",{"title":1975,"path":1976,"stem":1977},"Вкладені Маршрути та Макети","/javascript/react/react-router/nested-routes-and-layouts","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/03.nested-routes-and-layouts",{"title":1979,"path":1980,"stem":1981},"Динамічні Маршрути та Параметри","/javascript/react/react-router/dynamic-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/04.dynamic-routing",{"title":1983,"path":1984,"stem":1985},"Data APIs: Loaders та Actions","/javascript/react/react-router/data-loading","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/05.data-loading",{"title":1987,"path":1988,"stem":1989},"Просунуті Патерни","/javascript/react/react-router/advanced-patterns","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/06.advanced-patterns",{"title":1991,"path":1992,"stem":1993},"Legacy Routing: Компонентний підхід","/javascript/react/react-router/legacy-routing","03.javascript/04.react/05.react-router/07.legacy-routing",{"title":1995,"icon":132,"path":1996,"stem":1997,"children":1998},"Redux","/javascript/react/redux","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/index",[1999,2001,2017,2046,2055,2076,2092,2121],{"title":2000,"path":1996,"stem":1997},"Redux: Еволюція управління станом",{"title":14,"icon":15,"path":2002,"stem":2003,"children":2004,"page":59},"/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals",[2005,2009,2013],{"title":2006,"path":2007,"stem":2008},"Вступ до State Management","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/intro-state-management","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/01.intro-state-management",{"title":2010,"path":2011,"stem":2012},"Філософія Redux та Три Принципи","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/redux-philosophy","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/02.redux-philosophy",{"title":2014,"path":2015,"stem":2016},"Чисті функції та Іммутабельність","/javascript/react/redux/fundamentals/pure-functions-immutability","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/01.fundamentals/03.pure-functions-immutability",{"title":2018,"icon":132,"path":2019,"stem":2020,"children":2021,"page":59},"Classic Redux","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux",[2022,2026,2030,2034,2038,2042],{"title":2023,"path":2024,"stem":2025},"Створення Store (Classic Redux)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/store-setup","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/01.store-setup",{"title":2027,"path":2028,"stem":2029},"Actions, Constants та Action Creators","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/actions-constants","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/02.actions-constants",{"title":2031,"path":2032,"stem":2033},"Логіка Reducers","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/reducers","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/03.reducers",{"title":2035,"path":2036,"stem":2037},"Комбінування Reducers (Root Reducer)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/data-flow","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/04.data-flow",{"title":2039,"path":2040,"stem":2041},"Підключення до React (React-Redux)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/react-redux-connection","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/05.react-redux-connection",{"title":2043,"path":2044,"stem":2045},"Middleware та Асинхронність (Redux Thunk)","/javascript/react/redux/classic-redux/middleware-thunk","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/02.classic-redux/06.middleware-thunk",{"title":2047,"icon":132,"path":2048,"stem":2049,"children":2050,"page":59},"Transition To Rtk","/javascript/react/redux/transition-to-rtk","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/03.transition-to-rtk",[2051],{"title":2052,"path":2053,"stem":2054},"Проблеми класичного Redux","/javascript/react/redux/transition-to-rtk/problems-with-classic","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/03.transition-to-rtk/01.problems-with-classic",{"title":2056,"icon":132,"path":2057,"stem":2058,"children":2059,"page":59},"Redux Toolkit","/javascript/react/redux/redux-toolkit","03.javascript/04.react/06.redux/04.redux-toolkit",[2060,2064,2068,2072],{"title":2061,"path":2062,"stem":2063},"Налаштування Store з 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дружити","/java/pr2/impedance-mismatch","04.java/pr2/09.impedance-mismatch",{"title":2285,"path":2286,"stem":2287},"JDBC: Перший контакт із базою даних","/java/pr2/jdbc-fundamentals","04.java/pr2/10.jdbc-fundamentals",{"title":2289,"path":2290,"stem":2291},"Якість коду: Spotless, SpotBugs та SonarQube","/java/pr2/10a.code-quality","04.java/pr2/10a.code-quality",{"title":2293,"path":2294,"stem":2295},"Connection Pool: Патерн Object Pool для JDBC-з'єднань","/java/pr2/connection-pool","04.java/pr2/11.connection-pool",{"title":2297,"path":2298,"stem":2299},"Row Data Gateway: Об'єкт як обгортка рядка таблиці","/java/pr2/row-data-gateway","04.java/pr2/12.row-data-gateway",{"title":2301,"path":2302,"stem":2303},"Table Data Gateway: Фасад таблиці як архітектурний відступ","/java/pr2/table-data-gateway","04.java/pr2/13.table-data-gateway",{"title":2305,"path":2306,"stem":2307},"Repository + Data Mapper: Правильна шарова архітектура з JDBC","/java/pr2/repository-data-mapper","04.java/pr2/14.repository-data-mapper",{"title":2309,"path":2310,"stem":2311},"Identity Map: Кешування сутностей у рамках сесії","/java/pr2/identity-map","04.java/pr2/15.identity-map",{"title":2313,"path":2314,"stem":2315},"Unit of Work: Відстеження змін і координація JDBC-транзакцій","/java/pr2/unit-of-work","04.java/pr2/16.unit-of-work",{"title":2317,"path":2318,"stem":2319},"Strategy: Замінювані SQL-стратегії для підтримки різних СУБД","/java/pr2/strategy-sql","04.java/pr2/17.strategy-sql",{"title":2321,"path":2322,"stem":2323},"Proxy: Lazy Loading для One-To-Many колекцій","/java/pr2/proxy-lazy-loading","04.java/pr2/18.proxy-lazy-loading",{"title":2325,"path":2326,"stem":2327},"Generic Repository через Java Reflection: анотації та динамічний SQL","/java/pr2/generic-repository-reflection","04.java/pr2/19.generic-repository-reflection",{"title":2329,"path":2330,"stem":2331},"Specification Pattern: Композиція бізнес-правил для складних 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БД","/databases/intro/logical-schema","06.databases/01.intro/04.logical-schema",{"title":2381,"path":2382,"stem":2383},"Класифікація таблиць","/databases/intro/table-classification","06.databases/01.intro/05.table-classification",{"title":2385,"path":2386,"stem":2387},"PlantUML для баз даних","/databases/intro/plantuml-diagrams","06.databases/01.intro/06.plantuml-diagrams",{"title":2389,"icon":2354,"path":2390,"stem":2391,"children":2392,"page":59},"MS SQL Server Start","/databases/ms-sql-server-start","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start",[2393,2397,2403,2407],{"title":2394,"path":2395,"stem":2396},"Типи даних у MS SQL Server","/databases/ms-sql-server-start/data-types","06.databases/02.ms-sql-server-start/01.data-types",{"title":2398,"path":2399,"stem":2400,"children":2401},"Індекси у MS SQL 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TABLE)","/databases/sql/ddl-create-table","06.databases/03.sql/01.ddl-create-table",{"title":2425,"path":2426,"stem":2427},"DDL - Зміна та видалення таблиць (ALTER, DROP)","/databases/sql/ddl-alter-drop-table","06.databases/03.sql/02.ddl-alter-drop-table",{"title":2429,"path":2430,"stem":2431},"SELECT запити - Основи","/databases/sql/select-queries-fundamentals","06.databases/03.sql/03.select-queries-fundamentals",{"title":2433,"path":2434,"stem":2435},"SELECT запити - Розширені можливості","/databases/sql/select-queries-advanced","06.databases/03.sql/04.select-queries-advanced",{"title":2437,"path":2438,"stem":2439},"INSERT запити - Додавання даних","/databases/sql/insert-queries","06.databases/03.sql/05.insert-queries",{"title":2441,"path":2442,"stem":2443},"UPDATE та DELETE запити","/databases/sql/update-delete-queries","06.databases/03.sql/06.update-delete-queries",{"title":2445,"path":2446,"stem":2447},"Транзакції в SQL","/databases/sql/transactions","06.databases/03.sql/07.transactions",{"title":2449,"icon":2354,"path":2450,"stem":2451,"children":2452,"page":59},"Multi Table Databases","/databases/multi-table-databases","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases",[2453,2457,2461,2465,2469,2473],{"title":2454,"path":2455,"stem":2456},"Зв'язки та нормалізація БД","/databases/multi-table-databases/relationships-and-normalization","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/00.relationships-and-normalization",{"title":2458,"path":2459,"stem":2460},"INNER JOIN - З'єднання таблиць","/databases/multi-table-databases/inner-join","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/01.inner-join",{"title":2462,"path":2463,"stem":2464},"OUTER JOINs - LEFT, RIGHT, FULL","/databases/multi-table-databases/outer-joins","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/02.outer-joins",{"title":2466,"path":2467,"stem":2468},"CROSS та SELF JOINs","/databases/multi-table-databases/cross-self-joins","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/03.cross-self-joins",{"title":2470,"path":2471,"stem":2472},"Підзапити (Subqueries)","/databases/multi-table-databases/subqueries","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/04.subqueries",{"title":2474,"path":2475,"stem":2476},"Агрегації з JOIN","/databases/multi-table-databases/aggregations-with-joins","06.databases/04.multi-table-databases/05.aggregations-with-joins",{"title":2478,"icon":2479,"path":2480,"stem":2481,"children":2482,"page":59},"Aggregate Functions","i-lucide-calculator","/databases/aggregate-functions","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions",[2483,2487,2491],{"title":2484,"path":2485,"stem":2486},"Функції агрегування в MS SQL Server","/databases/aggregate-functions/introduction-aggregate-functions","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/01.introduction-aggregate-functions",{"title":2488,"path":2489,"stem":2490},"Групування даних в MS SQL Server","/databases/aggregate-functions/grouping-data","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/02.grouping-data",{"title":2492,"path":2493,"stem":2494},"Підзапити з агрегатними функціями","/databases/aggregate-functions/subqueries-aggregates","06.databases/05.aggregate-functions/03.subqueries-aggregates",{"title":2496,"icon":2497,"path":2498,"stem":2499,"children":2500,"page":59},"Тригери та зберігаємі процедури","i-lucide-database-zap","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures",[2501,2505,2509,2513,2517,2521,2525],{"title":2502,"path":2503,"stem":2504},"DML-тригери","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/dml-triggers","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/01.dml-triggers",{"title":2506,"path":2507,"stem":2508},"DDL-тригери","/databases/triggers-stored-procedures/ddl-triggers","06.databases/07.triggers-stored-procedures/02.ddl-triggers",{"title":2510,"path":2511,"stem":2512},"Transact-SQL 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навіщо?","/tools/docker/docker-what-and-why","07.tools/01.docker/02.docker-what-and-why",{"title":2582,"path":2583,"stem":2584},"Архітектура Docker Engine","/tools/docker/docker-architecture","07.tools/01.docker/03.docker-architecture",{"title":2586,"path":2587,"stem":2588},"Встановлення Docker","/tools/docker/installation","07.tools/01.docker/04.installation",{"title":2590,"path":2591,"stem":2592},"Перший контейнер — docker run","/tools/docker/first-container","07.tools/01.docker/05.first-container",{"title":2594,"path":2595,"stem":2596},"Життєвий цикл контейнера","/tools/docker/container-lifecycle","07.tools/01.docker/06.container-lifecycle",{"title":2598,"path":2599,"stem":2600},"Docker Images — фундаментальні концепції","/tools/docker/docker-images-fundamentals","07.tools/01.docker/07.docker-images-fundamentals",{"title":2602,"path":2603,"stem":2604},"Dockerfile — 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Docker","/tools/docker/networking-basics","07.tools/01.docker/14.networking-basics",{"title":2630,"path":2631,"stem":2632},"Змінні оточення та конфігурація","/tools/docker/environment-and-configuration","07.tools/01.docker/15.environment-and-configuration",{"title":2634,"path":2635,"stem":2636},"Docker Compose — оркестрація контейнерів","/tools/docker/docker-compose-basics","07.tools/01.docker/16.docker-compose-basics",{"title":2638,"path":2639,"stem":2640},"Docker Compose — Multi-Service застосунки","/tools/docker/compose-multi-service","07.tools/01.docker/17.compose-multi-service",{"title":2642,"icon":2643,"path":2644,"stem":2645,"children":2646,"page":59},"Software Engineering","i-lucide-code-2","/software-engineering","09.software-engineering",[2647,2651,2655,2659,2663,2667,2671,2675,2679,2683,2687],{"title":2648,"path":2649,"stem":2650},"1. 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Сучасний CSS","/html-css/css-variables-methodologies","12.html-css/21.css-variables-methodologies",{"title":2881,"path":2882,"stem":2883},"Сучасний CSS 2023–2025: Нові можливості","/html-css/css-modern-features","12.html-css/22.css-modern-features",{"title":2885,"path":2886,"stem":2887},"CSS Nesting, @layer, @scope та @property: нативний препроцесор","/html-css/22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax","12.html-css/22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax",{"title":2889,"path":2890,"stem":2891},"CSS для форм та інтерактивних станів","/html-css/css-forms-interactive-states","12.html-css/23.css-forms-interactive-states",{"title":2893,"path":2894,"stem":2895},"Доступність у CSS (CSS Accessibility)","/html-css/css-accessibility","12.html-css/24.css-accessibility",{"title":2897,"path":2898,"stem":2899},"CSS-функції та сучасні sizing primitives","/html-css/css-functions-sizing","12.html-css/25.css-functions-sizing",{"title":2901,"path":2902,"stem":2903},"Rendering Pipeline і CSS Performance","/html-css/css-rendering-performance","12.html-css/26.css-rendering-performance",{"title":2905,"path":2906,"stem":2907},"CSS Best Practices: типові ситуації та правильні рішення","/html-css/css-best-practices","12.html-css/27.css-best-practices",{"title":2909,"path":2910,"stem":2911,"children":2912,"page":59},"Tailwind","/tailwind","21.tailwind",[2913,2917,2921,2925,2929,2933,2937,2941],{"title":2914,"path":2915,"stem":2916},"Що таке Tailwind CSS і навіщо він потрібен","/tailwind/tailwind-intro-philosophy","21.tailwind/01.tailwind-intro-philosophy",{"title":2918,"path":2919,"stem":2920},"Встановлення та налаштування Tailwind CSS v4","/tailwind/tailwind-installation-setup","21.tailwind/02.tailwind-installation-setup",{"title":2922,"path":2923,"stem":2924},"Utility-класи: основи та система Tailwind","/tailwind/tailwind-utility-classes-core","21.tailwind/03.tailwind-utility-classes-core",{"title":2926,"path":2927,"stem":2928},"Layout: Flexbox та Grid через Tailwind","/tailwind/tailwind-flexbox-grid","21.tailwind/04.tailwind-flexbox-grid",{"title":2930,"path":2931,"stem":2932},"Кастомізація теми через @theme у Tailwind v4","/tailwind/tailwind-theme-customization","21.tailwind/05.tailwind-theme-customization",{"title":2934,"path":2935,"stem":2936},"Варіанти: hover, focus, responsive, dark mode та нові v4","/tailwind/tailwind-variants-states","21.tailwind/06.tailwind-variants-states",{"title":2938,"path":2939,"stem":2940},"Типографіка та система кольорів у Tailwind v4","/tailwind/tailwind-typography-colors","21.tailwind/07.tailwind-typography-colors",{"title":2942,"path":2943,"stem":2944},"Компоненти та повторюваність: @apply, @utility та патерни","/tailwind/tailwind-components-patterns","21.tailwind/08.tailwind-components-patterns",{"title":2946,"path":2947,"stem":2948},"Showcase Компонентів kostyl.dev","/test-new-components","98.test-new-components",{"id":2950,"title":1726,"body":2951,"description":5544,"extension":5545,"links":5546,"meta":5547,"navigation":3158,"path":1727,"seo":5548,"stem":1728,"__hash__":5549},"docs/02.cpp/21.pointers-to-pointers.md",{"type":2952,"value":2953,"toc":5519},"minimark",[2954,2958,2963,2972,3000,3015,3043,3046,3050,3063,3066,3123,3195,3209,3236,3239,3241,3245,3248,3442,3447,3517,3522,3547,3549,3553,3566,3784,3820,3846,3848,3851,3861,3870,3873,3909,3914,3918,3921,4197,4216,4219,4516,4581,4583,4587,4590,4714,4735,4753,4755,4759,4766,5022,5027,5044,5059,5061,5069,5072,5097,5118,5131,5133,5137,5252,5254,5258,5266,5448,5450,5454,5504,5515],[2955,2956,1726],"h1",{"id":2957},"вказівники-на-вказівники",[2959,2960,2962],"h2",{"id":2961},"ще-один-рівень-непрямості-навіщо-вказівник-на-вказівник","Ще один рівень непрямості: навіщо вказівник на вказівник?",[2964,2965,2966,2967,2971],"p",{},"У попередніх статтях ми навчилися зберігати адресу змінної у вказівнику. Але що, якщо нам потрібно зберегти адресу ",[2968,2969,2970],"em",{},"самого вказівника","? На перший погляд це звучить як штучне ускладнення, проте такий механізм є природним рішенням низки практичних задач:",[2973,2974,2975,2983,2994],"ul",{},[2976,2977,2978,2982],"li",{},[2979,2980,2981],"strong",{},"Динамічні двовимірні масиви",", розміри яких невідомі на момент компіляції.",[2976,2984,2985,2988,2989,2993],{},[2979,2986,2987],{},"Масиви рядків"," у стилі C (класичний приклад — ",[2990,2991,2992],"code",{},"char** argv",").",[2976,2995,2996,2999],{},[2979,2997,2998],{},"Функції, що змінюють самий вказівник"," через параметр (передача вказівника «за посиланням» у стилі C).",[2964,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3010,3011,3014],{},"Усе це стає можливим завдяки конструкції ",[2979,3004,3005],{},"вказівник на вказівник"," (pointer to pointer), або ",[2979,3008,3009],{},"подвійний вказівник"," (double pointer), що оголошується через подвоєну зірочку: ",[2990,3012,3013],{},"int**",".",[3016,3017,3018,3021,3022,3026,3027,3030,3031,3034,3035,3038,3039,3042],"note",{},[2979,3019,3020],{},"Передумови."," Ця стаття спирається на основи вказівників (",[3023,3024,3025],"a",{"href":1703},"стаття 15",") і динамічне виділення пам'яті (",[3023,3028,3029],{"href":1719},"стаття 19","), зокрема оператори ",[2990,3032,3033],{},"new[]"," і ",[2990,3036,3037],{},"delete[]",". Без розуміння того, як ",[2990,3040,3041],{},"new"," виділяє пам'ять у купі (heap), матеріал про двовимірні масиви буде важко сприйняти.",[3044,3045],"hr",{},[2959,3047,3049],{"id":3048},"базова-концепція-вказівник-це-теж-змінна","Базова концепція: вказівник — це теж змінна",[2964,3051,3052,3053,3055,3056,3059,3060,3014],{},"Щоб зрозуміти ",[2990,3054,3013],{},", достатньо пригадати одну фундаментальну властивість: ",[2979,3057,3058],{},"вказівник — це звичайна змінна",", яка зберігає адресу. Як і будь-яка змінна, вона сама займає місце в пам'яті і, відповідно, ",[2979,3061,3062],{},"має власну адресу",[2964,3064,3065],{},"Візьмемо звичайний ланцюжок:",[3067,3068,3075],"pre",{"className":3069,"code":3070,"filename":3071,"language":3072,"meta":3073,"style":3074},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","int value   = 7;       // int-змінна: зберігає 7, знаходиться за адресою 0x1000\nint* ptr    = &value;  // int*-вказівник: зберігає 0x1000, сам за адресою 0x2000\nint** pptr  = &ptr;    // int**-вказівник: зберігає 0x2000, сам за адресою 0x3000\n","Chain.cpp","cpp","showLineNumbers","",[2990,3076,3077,3101,3112],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3079,3082,3086,3090,3094,3097],"span",{"class":3080,"line":3081},"line",1,[3078,3083,3085],{"class":3084},"su1O8","int",[3078,3087,3089],{"class":3088},"sHH4Y"," value   = ",[3078,3091,3093],{"class":3092},"sJj4R","7",[3078,3095,3096],{"class":3088},";",[3078,3098,3100],{"class":3099},"spJ8K","       // int-змінна: зберігає 7, знаходиться за адресою 0x1000\n",[3078,3102,3104,3106,3109],{"class":3080,"line":3103},2,[3078,3105,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3107,3108],{"class":3088},"* ptr    = &value;",[3078,3110,3111],{"class":3099},"  // int*-вказівник: зберігає 0x1000, сам за адресою 0x2000\n",[3078,3113,3115,3117,3120],{"class":3080,"line":3114},3,[3078,3116,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3118,3119],{"class":3088},"** pptr  = &ptr;",[3078,3121,3122],{"class":3099},"    // int**-вказівник: зберігає 0x2000, сам за адресою 0x3000\n",[3124,3125,3126],"mermaid",{},[3067,3127,3130],{"className":3128,"code":3129,"language":3124,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"language-mermaid shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","graph LR\n    PP[\"int** pptr\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x3000\u003Cbr/>значення: 0x2000\"]\n    P[\"int* ptr\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x2000\u003Cbr/>значення: 0x1000\"]\n    V[\"int value\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x1000\u003Cbr/>значення: 7\"]\n\n    PP -->|\"розіменування *pptr\"| P\n    P  -->|\"розіменування *ptr\"| V\n\n    style PP fill:#f59e0b,color:#000\n    style P  fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n    style V  fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[2990,3131,3132,3137,3142,3147,3153,3160,3166,3172,3177,3183,3189],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3133,3134],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3135,3136],{},"graph LR\n",[3078,3138,3139],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,3140,3141],{},"    PP[\"int** pptr\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x3000\u003Cbr/>значення: 0x2000\"]\n",[3078,3143,3144],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,3145,3146],{},"    P[\"int* ptr\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x2000\u003Cbr/>значення: 0x1000\"]\n",[3078,3148,3150],{"class":3080,"line":3149},4,[3078,3151,3152],{},"    V[\"int value\u003Cbr/>адреса: 0x1000\u003Cbr/>значення: 7\"]\n",[3078,3154,3156],{"class":3080,"line":3155},5,[3078,3157,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},true,"\n",[3078,3161,3163],{"class":3080,"line":3162},6,[3078,3164,3165],{},"    PP -->|\"розіменування *pptr\"| P\n",[3078,3167,3169],{"class":3080,"line":3168},7,[3078,3170,3171],{},"    P  -->|\"розіменування *ptr\"| V\n",[3078,3173,3175],{"class":3080,"line":3174},8,[3078,3176,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3178,3180],{"class":3080,"line":3179},9,[3078,3181,3182],{},"    style PP fill:#f59e0b,color:#000\n",[3078,3184,3186],{"class":3080,"line":3185},10,[3078,3187,3188],{},"    style P  fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n",[3078,3190,3192],{"class":3080,"line":3191},11,[3078,3193,3194],{},"    style V  fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[2964,3196,3197,3198,3200,3201,3204,3205,3208],{},"Щоб дістатися до значення ",[2990,3199,3093],{}," через ",[2990,3202,3203],{},"pptr",", нам потрібно виконати ",[2979,3206,3207],{},"два розіменування"," послідовно:",[2973,3210,3211,3225],{},[2976,3212,3213,3216,3217,3220,3221,3224],{},[2990,3214,3215],{},"*pptr"," → отримуємо ",[2990,3218,3219],{},"ptr"," (тобто адресу ",[2990,3222,3223],{},"0x1000",")",[2976,3226,3227,3216,3230,3233,3234,3224],{},[2990,3228,3229],{},"**pptr",[2990,3231,3232],{},"value"," (тобто ",[2990,3235,3093],{},[2964,3237,3238],{},"Це і є суть подвійного вказівника — кожна додаткова зірочка в оголошенні відповідає одному додатковому рівню розіменування при зверненні до кінцевого значення.",[3044,3240],{},[2959,3242,3244],{"id":3243},"оголошення-ініціалізація-та-розіменування","Оголошення, ініціалізація та розіменування",[2964,3246,3247],{},"Повний приклад з усіма варіантами доступу до даних:",[3067,3249,3252],{"className":3069,"code":3250,"filename":3251,"language":3072,"meta":3073,"style":3074},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nint main()\n{\n    int   value = 7;\n    int*  ptr   = &value;  // вказує на value\n    int** pptr  = &ptr;    // вказує на ptr\n\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C value   \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // 7  — пряме звернення до змінної\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C *ptr    \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // 7  — розіменування ptr\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C **pptr  \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // 7  — подвійне розіменування pptr\n\n    // Можна також модифікувати value через pptr:\n    **pptr = 42;\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C '\\n';   // 42 — змінилось!\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","DoublePtr.cpp",[2990,3253,3254,3264,3268,3279,3284,3297,3307,3316,3320,3343,3361,3379,3384,3390,3401,3420,3425,3436],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3255,3256,3260],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3257,3259],{"class":3258},"sCDza","#include",[3078,3261,3263],{"class":3262},"sbdoH"," \u003Ciostream>\n",[3078,3265,3266],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,3267,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3269,3270,3272,3276],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,3271,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3273,3275],{"class":3274},"s8Opu"," main",[3078,3277,3278],{"class":3088},"()\n",[3078,3280,3281],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,3282,3283],{"class":3088},"{\n",[3078,3285,3286,3289,3292,3294],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,3287,3288],{"class":3084},"    int",[3078,3290,3291],{"class":3088},"   value = ",[3078,3293,3093],{"class":3092},[3078,3295,3296],{"class":3088},";\n",[3078,3298,3299,3301,3304],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,3300,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,3302,3303],{"class":3088},"*  ptr   = &value;",[3078,3305,3306],{"class":3099},"  // вказує на value\n",[3078,3308,3309,3311,3313],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,3310,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,3312,3119],{"class":3088},[3078,3314,3315],{"class":3099},"    // вказує на ptr\n",[3078,3317,3318],{"class":3080,"line":3174},[3078,3319,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3321,3322,3326,3329,3332,3336,3338,3340],{"class":3080,"line":3179},[3078,3323,3325],{"class":3324},"sN1BT","    std",[3078,3327,3328],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C value   \u003C\u003C ",[3078,3330,3331],{"class":3262},"'",[3078,3333,3335],{"class":3334},"sjcCO","\\n",[3078,3337,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3339,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,3341,3342],{"class":3099}," // 7  — пряме звернення до змінної\n",[3078,3344,3345,3347,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358],{"class":3080,"line":3185},[3078,3346,3325],{"class":3324},[3078,3348,3349],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C *ptr    \u003C\u003C ",[3078,3351,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3353,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,3355,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3357,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,3359,3360],{"class":3099}," // 7  — розіменування ptr\n",[3078,3362,3363,3365,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376],{"class":3080,"line":3191},[3078,3364,3325],{"class":3324},[3078,3366,3367],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C **pptr  \u003C\u003C ",[3078,3369,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3371,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,3373,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3375,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,3377,3378],{"class":3099}," // 7  — подвійне розіменування pptr\n",[3078,3380,3382],{"class":3080,"line":3381},12,[3078,3383,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3385,3387],{"class":3080,"line":3386},13,[3078,3388,3389],{"class":3099},"    // Можна також модифікувати value через pptr:\n",[3078,3391,3393,3396,3399],{"class":3080,"line":3392},14,[3078,3394,3395],{"class":3088},"    **pptr = ",[3078,3397,3398],{"class":3092},"42",[3078,3400,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3402,3404,3406,3409,3411,3413,3415,3417],{"class":3080,"line":3403},15,[3078,3405,3325],{"class":3324},[3078,3407,3408],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C value \u003C\u003C ",[3078,3410,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3412,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,3414,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3416,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,3418,3419],{"class":3099},"   // 42 — змінилось!\n",[3078,3421,3423],{"class":3080,"line":3422},16,[3078,3424,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3426,3428,3431,3434],{"class":3080,"line":3427},17,[3078,3429,3430],{"class":3258},"    return",[3078,3432,3433],{"class":3092}," 0",[3078,3435,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3437,3439],{"class":3080,"line":3438},18,[3078,3440,3441],{"class":3088},"}\n",[2964,3443,3444],{},[2979,3445,3446],{},"Розбір ключових моментів:",[2973,3448,3449,3478,3494],{},[2976,3450,3451,3454,3455,3458,3459,3454,3462,3464,3465,3468,3469,3471,3472,3475,3476,3014],{},[2979,3452,3453],{},"Рядок 6."," ",[2990,3456,3457],{},"int** pptr = &ptr;"," — беремо адресу ",[2968,3460,3461],{},"вказівника",[2990,3463,3219],{},". Оператор ",[2990,3466,3467],{},"&"," повертає ",[2990,3470,3013],{}," (вказівник на ",[2990,3473,3474],{},"int*","), що і є типом ",[2990,3477,3203],{},[2976,3479,3480,3454,3483,3485,3486,3488,3489,3491,3492,3014],{},[2979,3481,3482],{},"Рядок 11.",[2990,3484,3229],{}," — два розіменування: перше дає нам ",[2990,3487,3219],{}," (типу ",[2990,3490,3474],{},"), друге — значення, на яке вказує ",[2990,3493,3219],{},[2976,3495,3496,3454,3499,3502,3503,3505,3506,3508,3509,3508,3512,3514,3515,3014],{},[2979,3497,3498],{},"Рядок 14.",[2990,3500,3501],{},"**pptr = 42"," — через подвійне розіменування ми записуємо нове значення безпосередньо в ",[2990,3504,3232],{},". Усі три вирази (",[2990,3507,3232],{},", ",[2990,3510,3511],{},"*ptr",[2990,3513,3229],{},") тепер дадуть ",[2990,3516,3398],{},[3518,3519],"debugger-view",{":variables":3520,"title":3521},"[{\"name\": \"value\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"42\"}, {\"name\": \"ptr\", \"type\": \"int*\", \"value\": \"0x00CFFC40\"}, {\"name\": \"pptr\", \"type\": \"int**\", \"value\": \"0x00CFFC44\"}]","Local Variables",[3523,3524,3525,3526,3529,3530,3533,3534,3537,3538,3540,3541,3543,3544,3546],"warning",{},"Вираз ",[2990,3527,3528],{},"int** pptr = &&value;"," є ",[2979,3531,3532],{},"незаконним"," і не скомпілюється. Оператор ",[2990,3535,3536],{},"&value"," повертає r-value (тимчасове значення адреси), яке не має власного розміщення в пам'яті — тому взяти його адресу оператором ",[2990,3539,3467],{}," неможливо. Щоб отримати ",[2990,3542,3013],{},", потрібна проміжна ",[2990,3545,3474],{},"-змінна.",[3044,3548],{},[2959,3550,3552],{"id":3551},"масиви-вказівників","Масиви вказівників",[2964,3554,3555,3556,3558,3559,3562,3563,3565],{},"Найпоширеніше практичне застосування ",[2990,3557,3013],{}," — динамічне виділення ",[2979,3560,3561],{},"масиву вказівників",". Уявіть, що нам потрібен масив із 3 вказівників на ",[2990,3564,3085],{},", кожен з яких спрямований на власну змінну:",[3067,3567,3570],{"className":3069,"code":3568,"filename":3569,"language":3072,"meta":3073,"style":3074},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nint main()\n{\n    int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;\n\n    int** ptrs = new int*[3]; // масив із 3-х вказівників на int\n    ptrs[0] = &a;             // ptrs[0] вказує на a\n    ptrs[1] = &b;             // ptrs[1] вказує на b\n    ptrs[2] = &c;             // ptrs[2] вказує на c\n\n    for (int i = 0; i \u003C 3; ++i)\n    {\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C *ptrs[i] \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // розіменовуємо кожен вказівник\n    }\n\n    delete[] ptrs; // звільняємо лише масив вказівників, не самі змінні!\n    return 0;\n}\n","PtrArray.cpp",[2990,3571,3572,3578,3582,3590,3594,3618,3622,3646,3664,3679,3694,3698,3721,3726,3751,3756,3760,3771,3779],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3573,3574,3576],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3575,3259],{"class":3258},[3078,3577,3263],{"class":3262},[3078,3579,3580],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,3581,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3583,3584,3586,3588],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,3585,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3587,3275],{"class":3274},[3078,3589,3278],{"class":3088},[3078,3591,3592],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,3593,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,3595,3596,3598,3601,3604,3607,3610,3613,3616],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,3597,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,3599,3600],{"class":3088}," a = ",[3078,3602,3603],{"class":3092},"10",[3078,3605,3606],{"class":3088},", b = ",[3078,3608,3609],{"class":3092},"20",[3078,3611,3612],{"class":3088},", c = ",[3078,3614,3615],{"class":3092},"30",[3078,3617,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3619,3620],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,3621,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3623,3624,3626,3629,3631,3634,3637,3640,3643],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,3625,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,3627,3628],{"class":3088},"** ptrs = ",[3078,3630,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,3632,3633],{"class":3084}," int",[3078,3635,3636],{"class":3088},"*[",[3078,3638,3639],{"class":3092},"3",[3078,3641,3642],{"class":3088},"];",[3078,3644,3645],{"class":3099}," // масив із 3-х вказівників на int\n",[3078,3647,3648,3652,3655,3658,3661],{"class":3080,"line":3174},[3078,3649,3651],{"class":3650},"siwwj","    ptrs",[3078,3653,3654],{"class":3088},"[",[3078,3656,3657],{"class":3092},"0",[3078,3659,3660],{"class":3088},"] = &a;",[3078,3662,3663],{"class":3099},"             // ptrs[0] вказує на a\n",[3078,3665,3666,3668,3670,3673,3676],{"class":3080,"line":3179},[3078,3667,3651],{"class":3650},[3078,3669,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,3671,3672],{"class":3092},"1",[3078,3674,3675],{"class":3088},"] = &b;",[3078,3677,3678],{"class":3099},"             // ptrs[1] вказує на b\n",[3078,3680,3681,3683,3685,3688,3691],{"class":3080,"line":3185},[3078,3682,3651],{"class":3650},[3078,3684,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,3686,3687],{"class":3092},"2",[3078,3689,3690],{"class":3088},"] = &c;",[3078,3692,3693],{"class":3099},"             // ptrs[2] вказує на c\n",[3078,3695,3696],{"class":3080,"line":3191},[3078,3697,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3699,3700,3703,3706,3708,3711,3713,3716,3718],{"class":3080,"line":3381},[3078,3701,3702],{"class":3258},"    for",[3078,3704,3705],{"class":3088}," (",[3078,3707,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3709,3710],{"class":3088}," i = ",[3078,3712,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,3714,3715],{"class":3088},"; i \u003C ",[3078,3717,3639],{"class":3092},[3078,3719,3720],{"class":3088},"; ++i)\n",[3078,3722,3723],{"class":3080,"line":3386},[3078,3724,3725],{"class":3088},"    {\n",[3078,3727,3728,3731,3734,3737,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748],{"class":3080,"line":3392},[3078,3729,3730],{"class":3324},"        std",[3078,3732,3733],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C *",[3078,3735,3736],{"class":3650},"ptrs",[3078,3738,3739],{"class":3088},"[i] \u003C\u003C ",[3078,3741,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3743,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,3745,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,3747,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,3749,3750],{"class":3099}," // розіменовуємо кожен вказівник\n",[3078,3752,3753],{"class":3080,"line":3403},[3078,3754,3755],{"class":3088},"    }\n",[3078,3757,3758],{"class":3080,"line":3422},[3078,3759,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3761,3762,3765,3768],{"class":3080,"line":3427},[3078,3763,3764],{"class":3258},"    delete[]",[3078,3766,3767],{"class":3088}," ptrs;",[3078,3769,3770],{"class":3099}," // звільняємо лише масив вказівників, не самі змінні!\n",[3078,3772,3773,3775,3777],{"class":3080,"line":3438},[3078,3774,3430],{"class":3258},[3078,3776,3433],{"class":3092},[3078,3778,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3780,3782],{"class":3080,"line":3781},19,[3078,3783,3441],{"class":3088},[3785,3786,3788,3801,3808,3814],"terminal-preview",{"title":3787},"./PtrArray",[3789,3790,3792,3454,3797],"div",{"className":3791},[3080],[3078,3793,3796],{"className":3794},[3795],"opacity-40","$",[2979,3798,3787],{"className":3799},[3800],"font-bold",[3789,3802,3804],{"className":3803},[3080],[3078,3805,3603],{"className":3806},[3807,3800],"text-blue-400",[3789,3809,3811],{"className":3810},[3080],[3078,3812,3609],{"className":3813},[3807,3800],[3789,3815,3817],{"className":3816},[3080],[3078,3818,3615],{"className":3819},[3807,3800],[2964,3821,3822,3823,3826,3827,3829,3830,3705,3833,3508,3835,3508,3838,3841,3842,3845],{},"Зверніть увагу на рядок 16: ",[2990,3824,3825],{},"delete[] ptrs"," звільняє лише сам масив вказівників (",[2990,3828,3736],{},"), але ",[2979,3831,3832],{},"не об'єкти, на які вони вказують",[2990,3834,3023],{},[2990,3836,3837],{},"b",[2990,3839,3840],{},"c","). Ті знаходяться на стеку і знищуються автоматично при виході з ",[2990,3843,3844],{},"main",". Плутанина в цьому питанні — одна з найпоширеніших причин витоків пам'яті або подвійного звільнення.",[3044,3847],{},[2959,3849,2981],{"id":3850},"динамічні-двовимірні-масиви",[2964,3852,3853,3854,3856,3857,3860],{},"Найбільш складне, але і найбільш практично важливе застосування ",[2990,3855,3013],{}," — ",[2979,3858,3859],{},"динамічне виділення двовимірного масиву",", розмір якого невідомий під час компіляції.",[3862,3863,3865,3866,3869],"h3",{"id":3864},"чому-new-introwscols-не-працює-для-динамічних-розмірів","Чому ",[2990,3867,3868],{},"new int[rows][cols]"," не працює для динамічних розмірів",[2964,3871,3872],{},"Якщо обидва розміри відомі завчасно і є константами компіляції, можна написати:",[3067,3874,3876],{"className":3069,"code":3875,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"int (*matrix)[7] = new int[15][7]; // ✅ Але тільки якщо 7 — константа компіляції\n",[2990,3877,3878],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3879,3880,3882,3885,3887,3890,3892,3894,3896,3899,3902,3904,3906],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3881,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3883,3884],{"class":3088}," (*matrix)[",[3078,3886,3093],{"class":3092},[3078,3888,3889],{"class":3088},"] = ",[3078,3891,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,3893,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,3895,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,3897,3898],{"class":3092},"15",[3078,3900,3901],{"class":3088},"][",[3078,3903,3093],{"class":3092},[3078,3905,3642],{"class":3088},[3078,3907,3908],{"class":3099}," // ✅ Але тільки якщо 7 — константа компіляції\n",[2964,3910,3911,3912,3014],{},"Однак якщо кількість стовпців задається під час виконання — наприклад, читається з вводу користувача — такий синтаксис є неможливим. Саме тут і потрібен ",[2990,3913,3013],{},[3862,3915,3917],{"id":3916},"класичний-підхід-масив-рядків","Класичний підхід: масив рядків",[2964,3919,3920],{},"Ідея проста: замість одного суцільного блоку пам'яті ми створюємо масив вказівників, кожен з яких вказує на окремо виділений «рядок»:",[3922,3923,3924,3928,3978,3982,4030,4034,4096,4100,4143,4147],"steps",{},[3862,3925,3927],{"id":3926},"крок-1-виділити-масив-вказівників-рядки","Крок 1: Виділити масив вказівників (рядки)",[3067,3929,3931],{"className":3069,"code":3930,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"int rows = 4;\nint cols = 5;\n\nint** matrix = new int*[rows]; // масив із rows вказівників — це «рядки»\n",[2990,3932,3933,3945,3957,3961],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3934,3935,3937,3940,3943],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3936,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3938,3939],{"class":3088}," rows = ",[3078,3941,3942],{"class":3092},"4",[3078,3944,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3946,3947,3949,3952,3955],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,3948,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3950,3951],{"class":3088}," cols = ",[3078,3953,3954],{"class":3092},"5",[3078,3956,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,3958,3959],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,3960,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,3962,3963,3965,3968,3970,3972,3975],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,3964,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3966,3967],{"class":3088},"** matrix = ",[3078,3969,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,3971,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,3973,3974],{"class":3088},"*[rows];",[3078,3976,3977],{"class":3099}," // масив із rows вказівників — це «рядки»\n",[3862,3979,3981],{"id":3980},"крок-2-виділити-кожен-рядок-окремо","Крок 2: Виділити кожен рядок окремо",[3067,3983,3985],{"className":3069,"code":3984,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n{\n    matrix[r] = new int[cols]; // кожен рядок — окремий масив у купі\n}\n",[2990,3986,3987,4004,4008,4026],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,3988,3989,3992,3994,3996,3999,4001],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,3990,3991],{"class":3258},"for",[3078,3993,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,3995,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,3997,3998],{"class":3088}," r = ",[3078,4000,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4002,4003],{"class":3088},"; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n",[3078,4005,4006],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4007,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4009,4010,4013,4016,4018,4020,4023],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4011,4012],{"class":3650},"    matrix",[3078,4014,4015],{"class":3088},"[r] = ",[3078,4017,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,4019,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,4021,4022],{"class":3088},"[cols];",[3078,4024,4025],{"class":3099}," // кожен рядок — окремий масив у купі\n",[3078,4027,4028],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4029,3441],{"class":3088},[3862,4031,4033],{"id":4032},"крок-3-ініціалізувати-значення","Крок 3: Ініціалізувати значення",[3067,4035,4037],{"className":3069,"code":4036,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n{\n    for (int c = 0; c \u003C cols; ++c)\n    {\n        matrix[r][c] = r * cols + c; // заповнюємо як у 2D-масиві\n    }\n}\n",[2990,4038,4039,4053,4057,4073,4077,4088,4092],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4040,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049,4051],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4042,3991],{"class":3258},[3078,4044,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4046,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4048,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4050,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4052,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4054,4055],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4056,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4058,4059,4061,4063,4065,4068,4070],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4060,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4062,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4064,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4066,4067],{"class":3088}," c = ",[3078,4069,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4071,4072],{"class":3088},"; c \u003C cols; ++c)\n",[3078,4074,4075],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4076,3725],{"class":3088},[3078,4078,4079,4082,4085],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,4080,4081],{"class":3650},"        matrix",[3078,4083,4084],{"class":3088},"[r][c] = r * cols + c;",[3078,4086,4087],{"class":3099}," // заповнюємо як у 2D-масиві\n",[3078,4089,4090],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,4091,3755],{"class":3088},[3078,4093,4094],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,4095,3441],{"class":3088},[3862,4097,4099],{"id":4098},"крок-4-використати-масив","Крок 4: Використати масив",[3067,4101,4103],{"className":3069,"code":4102,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"std::cout \u003C\u003C matrix[1][3] \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // Виводить: 8\n// Синтаксис matrix[r][c] еквівалентний (*(matrix + r))[c]\n",[2990,4104,4105,4138],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4106,4107,4110,4113,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4108,4109],{"class":3324},"std",[3078,4111,4112],{"class":3088},"::cout \u003C\u003C ",[3078,4114,4115],{"class":3650},"matrix",[3078,4117,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,4119,3672],{"class":3092},[3078,4121,3901],{"class":3088},[3078,4123,3639],{"class":3092},[3078,4125,4126],{"class":3088},"] \u003C\u003C ",[3078,4128,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4130,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,4132,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4134,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,4136,4137],{"class":3099}," // Виводить: 8\n",[3078,4139,4140],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4141,4142],{"class":3099},"// Синтаксис matrix[r][c] еквівалентний (*(matrix + r))[c]\n",[3862,4144,4146],{"id":4145},"крок-5-звільнити-память-у-зворотному-порядку","Крок 5: Звільнити пам'ять у зворотному порядку",[3067,4148,4150],{"className":3069,"code":4149,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n{\n    delete[] matrix[r]; // спочатку — кожен рядок\n}\ndelete[] matrix; // потім — масив вказівників\n",[2990,4151,4152,4166,4170,4183,4187],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4153,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4155,3991],{"class":3258},[3078,4157,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4159,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4161,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4163,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4165,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4167,4168],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4169,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4171,4172,4174,4177,4180],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4173,3764],{"class":3258},[3078,4175,4176],{"class":3650}," matrix",[3078,4178,4179],{"class":3088},"[r];",[3078,4181,4182],{"class":3099}," // спочатку — кожен рядок\n",[3078,4184,4185],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4186,3441],{"class":3088},[3078,4188,4189,4191,4194],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,4190,3037],{"class":3258},[3078,4192,4193],{"class":3088}," matrix;",[3078,4195,4196],{"class":3099}," // потім — масив вказівників\n",[4198,4199,4200,4201,4203,4204,4207,4208,4211,4212,4215],"caution",{},"Порядок звільнення критично важливий. Якщо видалити ",[2990,4202,4115],{}," першим (",[2990,4205,4206],{},"delete[] matrix","), адреси рядків будуть втрачені і звільнити їх буде неможливо — це ",[2979,4209,4210],{},"витік пам'яті"," (memory leak). Завжди звільняйте у порядку, ",[2979,4213,4214],{},"зворотному до виділення",": спочатку найглибші рівні, потім зовнішні.",[2964,4217,4218],{},"Повний приклад роботи з динамічним двовимірним масивом:",[3067,4220,4223],{"className":3069,"code":4221,"filename":4222,"language":3072,"meta":3073,"style":3074},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nint main()\n{\n    int rows = 3;\n    int cols = 4;\n\n    // Виділення\n    int** matrix = new int*[rows];\n    for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n        matrix[r] = new int[cols];\n\n    // Заповнення\n    for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n        for (int c = 0; c \u003C cols; ++c)\n            matrix[r][c] = r * 10 + c;\n\n    // Вивід\n    for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n    {\n        for (int c = 0; c \u003C cols; ++c)\n            std::cout \u003C\u003C matrix[r][c] \u003C\u003C '\\t';\n        std::cout \u003C\u003C '\\n';\n    }\n\n    // Звільнення (зворотний порядок!)\n    for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n        delete[] matrix[r];\n    delete[] matrix;\n\n    return 0;\n}\n","Dynamic2D.cpp",[2990,4224,4225,4231,4235,4243,4247,4257,4267,4271,4276,4289,4303,4316,4320,4325,4339,4354,4367,4371,4376,4390,4395,4410,4432,4447,4452,4457,4463,4478,4489,4497,4502,4511],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4226,4227,4229],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4228,3259],{"class":3258},[3078,4230,3263],{"class":3262},[3078,4232,4233],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4234,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4236,4237,4239,4241],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4238,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4240,3275],{"class":3274},[3078,4242,3278],{"class":3088},[3078,4244,4245],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4246,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4248,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,4250,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4252,3939],{"class":3088},[3078,4254,3639],{"class":3092},[3078,4256,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4258,4259,4261,4263,4265],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,4260,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4262,3951],{"class":3088},[3078,4264,3942],{"class":3092},[3078,4266,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4268,4269],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,4270,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4272,4273],{"class":3080,"line":3174},[3078,4274,4275],{"class":3099},"    // Виділення\n",[3078,4277,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286],{"class":3080,"line":3179},[3078,4279,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4281,3967],{"class":3088},[3078,4283,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,4285,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,4287,4288],{"class":3088},"*[rows];\n",[3078,4290,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301],{"class":3080,"line":3185},[3078,4292,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4294,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4296,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4298,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4300,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4302,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4304,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313],{"class":3080,"line":3191},[3078,4306,4081],{"class":3650},[3078,4308,4015],{"class":3088},[3078,4310,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,4312,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,4314,4315],{"class":3088},"[cols];\n",[3078,4317,4318],{"class":3080,"line":3381},[3078,4319,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4321,4322],{"class":3080,"line":3386},[3078,4323,4324],{"class":3099},"    // Заповнення\n",[3078,4326,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337],{"class":3080,"line":3392},[3078,4328,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4330,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4332,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4334,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4336,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4338,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4340,4341,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352],{"class":3080,"line":3403},[3078,4342,4343],{"class":3258},"        for",[3078,4345,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4347,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4349,4067],{"class":3088},[3078,4351,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4353,4072],{"class":3088},[3078,4355,4356,4359,4362,4364],{"class":3080,"line":3422},[3078,4357,4358],{"class":3650},"            matrix",[3078,4360,4361],{"class":3088},"[r][c] = r * ",[3078,4363,3603],{"class":3092},[3078,4365,4366],{"class":3088}," + c;\n",[3078,4368,4369],{"class":3080,"line":3427},[3078,4370,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4372,4373],{"class":3080,"line":3438},[3078,4374,4375],{"class":3099},"    // Вивід\n",[3078,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388],{"class":3080,"line":3781},[3078,4379,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4381,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4383,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4385,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4387,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4389,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4391,4393],{"class":3080,"line":4392},20,[3078,4394,3725],{"class":3088},[3078,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408],{"class":3080,"line":4397},21,[3078,4399,4343],{"class":3258},[3078,4401,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4403,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4405,4067],{"class":3088},[3078,4407,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4409,4072],{"class":3088},[3078,4411,4413,4416,4418,4420,4423,4425,4428,4430],{"class":3080,"line":4412},22,[3078,4414,4415],{"class":3324},"            std",[3078,4417,4112],{"class":3088},[3078,4419,4115],{"class":3650},[3078,4421,4422],{"class":3088},"[r][c] \u003C\u003C ",[3078,4424,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4426,4427],{"class":3334},"\\t",[3078,4429,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4431,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445],{"class":3080,"line":4434},23,[3078,4436,3730],{"class":3324},[3078,4438,4112],{"class":3088},[3078,4440,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4442,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,4444,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4446,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4448,4450],{"class":3080,"line":4449},24,[3078,4451,3755],{"class":3088},[3078,4453,4455],{"class":3080,"line":4454},25,[3078,4456,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4458,4460],{"class":3080,"line":4459},26,[3078,4461,4462],{"class":3099},"    // Звільнення (зворотний порядок!)\n",[3078,4464,4466,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476],{"class":3080,"line":4465},27,[3078,4467,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4469,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4471,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4473,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4475,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4477,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4479,4481,4484,4486],{"class":3080,"line":4480},28,[3078,4482,4483],{"class":3258},"        delete[]",[3078,4485,4176],{"class":3650},[3078,4487,4488],{"class":3088},"[r];\n",[3078,4490,4492,4494],{"class":3080,"line":4491},29,[3078,4493,3764],{"class":3258},[3078,4495,4496],{"class":3088}," matrix;\n",[3078,4498,4500],{"class":3080,"line":4499},30,[3078,4501,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4503,4505,4507,4509],{"class":3080,"line":4504},31,[3078,4506,3430],{"class":3258},[3078,4508,3433],{"class":3092},[3078,4510,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4512,4514],{"class":3080,"line":4513},32,[3078,4515,3441],{"class":3088},[3785,4517,4519,4528,4544,4563],{"title":4518},"./Dynamic2D",[3789,4520,4522,3454,4525],{"className":4521},[3080],[3078,4523,3796],{"className":4524},[3795],[2979,4526,4518],{"className":4527},[3800],[3789,4529,4531,4534,4535,4534,4538,4534,4541],{"className":4530},[3080],[3078,4532,3657],{"className":4533},[3807],"    ",[3078,4536,3672],{"className":4537},[3807],[3078,4539,3687],{"className":4540},[3807],[3078,4542,3639],{"className":4543},[3807],[3789,4545,4547,4550,4551,4550,4555,4550,4559],{"className":4546},[3080],[3078,4548,3603],{"className":4549},[3807],"   ",[3078,4552,4554],{"className":4553},[3807],"11",[3078,4556,4558],{"className":4557},[3807],"12",[3078,4560,4562],{"className":4561},[3807],"13",[3789,4564,4566,4550,4569,4550,4573,4550,4577],{"className":4565},[3080],[3078,4567,3609],{"className":4568},[3807],[3078,4570,4572],{"className":4571},[3807],"21",[3078,4574,4576],{"className":4575},[3807],"22",[3078,4578,4580],{"className":4579},[3807],"23",[3044,4582],{},[2959,4584,4586],{"id":4585},"структура-памяті-чому-рядки-не-є-суміжними","Структура пам'яті: чому рядки не є суміжними",[2964,4588,4589],{},"Це надзвичайно важливий нюанс, який відрізняє «масив масивів» від справжнього прямокутного двовимірного масиву.",[3124,4591,4592],{},[3067,4593,4595],{"className":3128,"code":4594,"language":3124,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"graph TD\n    M[\"matrix (стек)\u003Cbr/>int** → 0xA000\"]\n    R0[\"matrix[0] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xB010\"]\n    R1[\"matrix[1] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xC200\"]\n    R2[\"matrix[2] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xD500\"]\n\n    D0[\"[0,0]=0  [0,1]=1  [0,2]=2  [0,3]=3\u003Cbr/>0xB010...0xB01F\"]\n    D1[\"[1,0]=10 [1,1]=11 [1,2]=12 [1,3]=13\u003Cbr/>0xC200...0xC20F\"]\n    D2[\"[2,0]=20 [2,1]=21 [2,2]=22 [2,3]=23\u003Cbr/>0xD500...0xD50F\"]\n\n    M --> R0\n    M --> R1\n    M --> R2\n    R0 --> D0\n    R1 --> D1\n    R2 --> D2\n\n    style M fill:#f59e0b,color:#000\n    style R0 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n    style R1 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n    style R2 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n    style D0 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n    style D1 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n    style D2 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[2990,4596,4597,4602,4607,4612,4617,4622,4626,4631,4636,4641,4645,4650,4655,4660,4665,4670,4675,4679,4684,4689,4694,4699,4704,4709],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4598,4599],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4600,4601],{},"graph TD\n",[3078,4603,4604],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4605,4606],{},"    M[\"matrix (стек)\u003Cbr/>int** → 0xA000\"]\n",[3078,4608,4609],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4610,4611],{},"    R0[\"matrix[0] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xB010\"]\n",[3078,4613,4614],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4615,4616],{},"    R1[\"matrix[1] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xC200\"]\n",[3078,4618,4619],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,4620,4621],{},"    R2[\"matrix[2] (купа)\u003Cbr/>int* → 0xD500\"]\n",[3078,4623,4624],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,4625,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4627,4628],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,4629,4630],{},"    D0[\"[0,0]=0  [0,1]=1  [0,2]=2  [0,3]=3\u003Cbr/>0xB010...0xB01F\"]\n",[3078,4632,4633],{"class":3080,"line":3174},[3078,4634,4635],{},"    D1[\"[1,0]=10 [1,1]=11 [1,2]=12 [1,3]=13\u003Cbr/>0xC200...0xC20F\"]\n",[3078,4637,4638],{"class":3080,"line":3179},[3078,4639,4640],{},"    D2[\"[2,0]=20 [2,1]=21 [2,2]=22 [2,3]=23\u003Cbr/>0xD500...0xD50F\"]\n",[3078,4642,4643],{"class":3080,"line":3185},[3078,4644,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4646,4647],{"class":3080,"line":3191},[3078,4648,4649],{},"    M --> R0\n",[3078,4651,4652],{"class":3080,"line":3381},[3078,4653,4654],{},"    M --> R1\n",[3078,4656,4657],{"class":3080,"line":3386},[3078,4658,4659],{},"    M --> R2\n",[3078,4661,4662],{"class":3080,"line":3392},[3078,4663,4664],{},"    R0 --> D0\n",[3078,4666,4667],{"class":3080,"line":3403},[3078,4668,4669],{},"    R1 --> D1\n",[3078,4671,4672],{"class":3080,"line":3422},[3078,4673,4674],{},"    R2 --> D2\n",[3078,4676,4677],{"class":3080,"line":3427},[3078,4678,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4680,4681],{"class":3080,"line":3438},[3078,4682,4683],{},"    style M fill:#f59e0b,color:#000\n",[3078,4685,4686],{"class":3080,"line":3781},[3078,4687,4688],{},"    style R0 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n",[3078,4690,4691],{"class":3080,"line":4392},[3078,4692,4693],{},"    style R1 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n",[3078,4695,4696],{"class":3080,"line":4397},[3078,4697,4698],{},"    style R2 fill:#3b82f6,color:#fff\n",[3078,4700,4701],{"class":3080,"line":4412},[3078,4702,4703],{},"    style D0 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[3078,4705,4706],{"class":3080,"line":4434},[3078,4707,4708],{},"    style D1 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[3078,4710,4711],{"class":3080,"line":4449},[3078,4712,4713],{},"    style D2 fill:#22c55e,color:#fff\n",[2964,4715,4716,4717,3508,4720,3034,4723,4726,4727,4730,4731,4734],{},"Зверніть увагу: ",[2990,4718,4719],{},"matrix[0]",[2990,4721,4722],{},"matrix[1]",[2990,4724,4725],{},"matrix[2]"," вказують на ",[2979,4728,4729],{},"різні, не суміжні"," ділянки купи. Це принципова відмінність від статичного масиву ",[2990,4732,4733],{},"int arr[3][4]",", де всі 12 елементів розміщені в одній неперервній ділянці пам'яті. Ця несуміжність означає:",[2973,4736,4737,4747],{},[2976,4738,4739,4742,4743,4746],{},[2979,4740,4741],{},"Перевага:"," кожен рядок може мати ",[2979,4744,4745],{},"різну довжину"," (так звані «зубчасті», або jagged-масиви).",[2976,4748,4749,4752],{},[2979,4750,4751],{},"Недолік:"," через відсутність locality of reference (просторової локалізації) кеш процесора використовується менш ефективно порівняно з суцільними масивами.",[3044,4754],{},[2959,4756,4758],{"id":4757},"альтернатива-сплющений-одновимірний-масив","Альтернатива: «сплющений» одновимірний масив",[2964,4760,4761,4762,4765],{},"Коли двовимірний масив є прямокутним (однакова кількість стовпців у кожному рядку), існує набагато елегантніша альтернатива — ",[2979,4763,4764],{},"«сплющити» його в одновимірний масив"," і обраховувати індекс вручну. Це дає суміжний блок пам'яті, кращу продуктивність кешу і значно простіше управління пам'яттю:",[3067,4767,4770],{"className":3069,"code":4768,"filename":4769,"language":3072,"meta":3073,"style":3074},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\n// Перетворення 2D-індексів на 1D\nint getIndex(int row, int col, int numCols)\n{\n    return row * numCols + col;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    int rows = 3;\n    int cols = 4;\n\n    // Один виклик new замість rows+1 викликів\n    int* matrix = new int[rows * cols];\n\n    // Заповнення через допоміжну функцію\n    for (int r = 0; r \u003C rows; ++r)\n        for (int c = 0; c \u003C cols; ++c)\n            matrix[getIndex(r, c, cols)] = r * 10 + c;\n\n    // Доступ через getIndex()\n    std::cout \u003C\u003C \"matrix[1][3] = \" \u003C\u003C matrix[getIndex(1, 3, cols)] \u003C\u003C '\\n'; // 13\n\n    // Один виклик delete[]\n    delete[] matrix;\n    return 0;\n}\n","Flat2D.cpp",[2990,4771,4772,4778,4782,4787,4819,4823,4830,4834,4838,4846,4850,4860,4870,4874,4879,4893,4897,4902,4916,4930,4946,4950,4955,4995,4999,5004,5010,5018],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,4773,4774,4776],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,4775,3259],{"class":3258},[3078,4777,3263],{"class":3262},[3078,4779,4780],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,4781,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4783,4784],{"class":3080,"line":3114},[3078,4785,4786],{"class":3099},"// Перетворення 2D-індексів на 1D\n",[3078,4788,4789,4791,4794,4797,4799,4802,4804,4806,4809,4811,4813,4816],{"class":3080,"line":3149},[3078,4790,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4792,4793],{"class":3274}," getIndex",[3078,4795,4796],{"class":3088},"(",[3078,4798,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4800,4801],{"class":3650}," row",[3078,4803,3508],{"class":3088},[3078,4805,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4807,4808],{"class":3650}," col",[3078,4810,3508],{"class":3088},[3078,4812,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4814,4815],{"class":3650}," numCols",[3078,4817,4818],{"class":3088},")\n",[3078,4820,4821],{"class":3080,"line":3155},[3078,4822,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4824,4825,4827],{"class":3080,"line":3162},[3078,4826,3430],{"class":3258},[3078,4828,4829],{"class":3088}," row * numCols + col;\n",[3078,4831,4832],{"class":3080,"line":3168},[3078,4833,3441],{"class":3088},[3078,4835,4836],{"class":3080,"line":3174},[3078,4837,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4839,4840,4842,4844],{"class":3080,"line":3179},[3078,4841,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4843,3275],{"class":3274},[3078,4845,3278],{"class":3088},[3078,4847,4848],{"class":3080,"line":3185},[3078,4849,3283],{"class":3088},[3078,4851,4852,4854,4856,4858],{"class":3080,"line":3191},[3078,4853,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4855,3939],{"class":3088},[3078,4857,3639],{"class":3092},[3078,4859,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4861,4862,4864,4866,4868],{"class":3080,"line":3381},[3078,4863,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4865,3951],{"class":3088},[3078,4867,3942],{"class":3092},[3078,4869,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,4871,4872],{"class":3080,"line":3386},[3078,4873,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4875,4876],{"class":3080,"line":3392},[3078,4877,4878],{"class":3099},"    // Один виклик new замість rows+1 викликів\n",[3078,4880,4881,4883,4886,4888,4890],{"class":3080,"line":3403},[3078,4882,3288],{"class":3084},[3078,4884,4885],{"class":3088},"* matrix = ",[3078,4887,3041],{"class":3258},[3078,4889,3633],{"class":3084},[3078,4891,4892],{"class":3088},"[rows * cols];\n",[3078,4894,4895],{"class":3080,"line":3422},[3078,4896,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4898,4899],{"class":3080,"line":3427},[3078,4900,4901],{"class":3099},"    // Заповнення через допоміжну функцію\n",[3078,4903,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914],{"class":3080,"line":3438},[3078,4905,3702],{"class":3258},[3078,4907,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4909,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4911,3998],{"class":3088},[3078,4913,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4915,4003],{"class":3088},[3078,4917,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928],{"class":3080,"line":3781},[3078,4919,4343],{"class":3258},[3078,4921,3705],{"class":3088},[3078,4923,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,4925,4067],{"class":3088},[3078,4927,3657],{"class":3092},[3078,4929,4072],{"class":3088},[3078,4931,4932,4934,4936,4939,4942,4944],{"class":3080,"line":4392},[3078,4933,4358],{"class":3650},[3078,4935,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,4937,4938],{"class":3274},"getIndex",[3078,4940,4941],{"class":3088},"(r, c, cols)] = r * ",[3078,4943,3603],{"class":3092},[3078,4945,4366],{"class":3088},[3078,4947,4948],{"class":3080,"line":4397},[3078,4949,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,4951,4952],{"class":3080,"line":4412},[3078,4953,4954],{"class":3099},"    // Доступ через getIndex()\n",[3078,4956,4957,4959,4961,4964,4967,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992],{"class":3080,"line":4434},[3078,4958,3325],{"class":3324},[3078,4960,4112],{"class":3088},[3078,4962,4963],{"class":3262},"\"matrix[1][3] = \"",[3078,4965,4966],{"class":3088}," \u003C\u003C ",[3078,4968,4115],{"class":3650},[3078,4970,3654],{"class":3088},[3078,4972,4938],{"class":3274},[3078,4974,4796],{"class":3088},[3078,4976,3672],{"class":3092},[3078,4978,3508],{"class":3088},[3078,4980,3639],{"class":3092},[3078,4982,4983],{"class":3088},", cols)] \u003C\u003C ",[3078,4985,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4987,3335],{"class":3334},[3078,4989,3331],{"class":3262},[3078,4991,3096],{"class":3088},[3078,4993,4994],{"class":3099}," // 13\n",[3078,4996,4997],{"class":3080,"line":4449},[3078,4998,3159],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":3158},[3078,5000,5001],{"class":3080,"line":4454},[3078,5002,5003],{"class":3099},"    // Один виклик delete[]\n",[3078,5005,5006,5008],{"class":3080,"line":4459},[3078,5007,3764],{"class":3258},[3078,5009,4496],{"class":3088},[3078,5011,5012,5014,5016],{"class":3080,"line":4465},[3078,5013,3430],{"class":3258},[3078,5015,3433],{"class":3092},[3078,5017,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,5019,5020],{"class":3080,"line":4480},[3078,5021,3441],{"class":3088},[2964,5023,5024],{},[2979,5025,5026],{},"Переваги «сплюснутого» підходу:",[2973,5028,5029,5038,5041],{},[2976,5030,5031,5032,5034,5035,5037],{},"Один виклик ",[2990,5033,3041],{}," і один ",[2990,5036,3037],{}," — менше шансів на витік.",[2976,5039,5040],{},"Всі дані в суміжній пам'яті — кеш процесора задоволений.",[2976,5042,5043],{},"Простіше для компілятора оптимізувати.",[5045,5046,5047,5048,5051,5052,5055,5056,5058],"tip",{},"У сучасному C++ для більшості задач слід надавати перевагу ",[2990,5049,5050],{},"std::vector\u003Cstd::vector\u003Cint>>"," або ",[2990,5053,5054],{},"std::vector\u003Cint>"," зі сплющенням замість ручного управління ",[2990,5057,3013],{},". Вони автоматично управляють пам'яттю і запобігають витокам.",[3044,5060],{},[2959,5062,5064,5065,5068],{"id":5063},"глибокі-рівні-вкладеності-int-і-далі","Глибокі рівні вкладеності: ",[2990,5066,5067],{},"int***"," і далі",[2964,5070,5071],{},"Концептуально нічого не заважає додати ще один рівень непрямості:",[3067,5073,5075],{"className":3069,"code":5074,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"int***  ptr3; // вказівник на вказівник на вказівник\nint**** ptr4; // і ще глибше...\n",[2990,5076,5077,5087],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,5078,5079,5081,5084],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,5080,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,5082,5083],{"class":3088},"***  ptr3;",[3078,5085,5086],{"class":3099}," // вказівник на вказівник на вказівник\n",[3078,5088,5089,5091,5094],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,5090,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,5092,5093],{"class":3088},"**** ptr4;",[3078,5095,5096],{"class":3099}," // і ще глибше...\n",[2964,5098,5099,5100,5102,5103,5105,5106,5108,5109,5111,5112,3034,5114,5117],{},"Тривимірний масив через ",[2990,5101,5067],{}," будувався б за аналогічною схемою: масив вказівників на ",[2990,5104,3013],{},", кожен із яких є масивом вказівників на ",[2990,5107,3474],{},", а кожен з тих — масив ",[2990,5110,3085],{},". Кількість викликів ",[2990,5113,3041],{},[2990,5115,5116],{},"delete"," зростає експоненційно, а складність коду стрімко збільшується.",[3523,5119,5120,5121,5123,5124,3508,5127,5130],{},"На практиці рівень вкладеності вказівників більше двох (",[2990,5122,5067],{}," і глибше) майже ніколи не є правильним рішенням. Це надійний сигнал, що варто переглянути архітектуру і скористатися вищерівневими абстракціями: ",[2990,5125,5126],{},"std::vector",[2990,5128,5129],{},"std::array"," або сплющеним масивом.",[3044,5132],{},[2959,5134,5136],{"id":5135},"порівняння-підходів-до-двовимірних-масивів","Порівняння підходів до двовимірних масивів",[5138,5139,5140,5162],"table",{},[5141,5142,5143],"thead",{},[5144,5145,5146,5150,5153,5156,5159],"tr",{},[5147,5148,5149],"th",{},"Підхід",[5147,5151,5152],{},"Суміжність пам'яті",[5147,5154,5155],{},"Різна довжина рядків",[5147,5157,5158],{},"Управління пам'яттю",[5147,5160,5161],{},"Рекомендація",[5163,5164,5165,5185,5203,5221,5237],"tbody",{},[5144,5166,5167,5173,5176,5179,5182],{},[5168,5169,5170],"td",{},[2990,5171,5172],{},"int arr[R][C]",[5168,5174,5175],{},"✅ Так",[5168,5177,5178],{},"❌ Ні",[5168,5180,5181],{},"Автоматичне (стек)",[5168,5183,5184],{},"Якщо розміри відомі на компіляції",[5144,5186,5187,5193,5195,5197,5200],{},[5168,5188,5189,5192],{},[2990,5190,5191],{},"int** matrix"," (класичний)",[5168,5194,5178],{},[5168,5196,5175],{},[5168,5198,5199],{},"Ручне (складне)",[5168,5201,5202],{},"Лише для jagged-масивів",[5144,5204,5205,5211,5213,5215,5218],{},[5168,5206,5207,5210],{},[2990,5208,5209],{},"int* flat"," (сплющений)",[5168,5212,5175],{},[5168,5214,5178],{},[5168,5216,5217],{},"Ручне (просте)",[5168,5219,5220],{},"Для прямокутних матриць",[5144,5222,5223,5227,5229,5231,5234],{},[5168,5224,5225],{},[2990,5226,5050],{},[5168,5228,5178],{},[5168,5230,5175],{},[5168,5232,5233],{},"Автоматичне (RAII)",[5168,5235,5236],{},"✅ Рекомендований вибір",[5144,5238,5239,5243,5245,5247,5249],{},[5168,5240,5241,5210],{},[2990,5242,5054],{},[5168,5244,5175],{},[5168,5246,5178],{},[5168,5248,5233],{},[5168,5250,5251],{},"✅ Найкраща продуктивність",[3044,5253],{},[2959,5255,5257],{"id":5256},"практика-та-підсумок","Практика та підсумок",[3862,5259,5261,5265],{"id":5260},"практичні-завдання",[5262,5263],"icon",{"name":5264},"i-heroicons-pencil-square"," Практичні завдання",[5267,5268,5269,5354,5399],"card-group",{},[5270,5271,5274,5310,5316,5342],"card",{"icon":5272,"title":5273},"i-heroicons-academic-cap","Рівень 1 — Базовий",[2964,5275,5276,5279,5280,5283,5284,5287,5288,5291,5292,5295,5296,5298,5299,5302,5303,5306,5307,3014],{},[2979,5277,5278],{},"Завдання 1."," Оголосіть змінну ",[2990,5281,5282],{},"int x = 100",", звичайний вказівник ",[2990,5285,5286],{},"int* p = &x"," та подвійний вказівник ",[2990,5289,5290],{},"int** pp = &p",". Виведіть значення ",[2990,5293,5294],{},"x"," трьома способами: через ",[2990,5297,5294],{},", через ",[2990,5300,5301],{},"*p"," та через ",[2990,5304,5305],{},"**pp",". Переконайтесь, що всі три виводять ",[2990,5308,5309],{},"100",[2964,5311,5312,5315],{},[2979,5313,5314],{},"Завдання 2."," Чому наступний код не компілюється? Поясніть помилку і виправте її, додавши одну проміжну змінну:",[3067,5317,5319],{"className":3069,"code":5318,"language":3072,"meta":3074,"style":3074},"int val = 5;\nint** pp = &&val; // помилка компіляції\n",[2990,5320,5321,5332],{"__ignoreMap":3074},[3078,5322,5323,5325,5328,5330],{"class":3080,"line":3081},[3078,5324,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,5326,5327],{"class":3088}," val = ",[3078,5329,3954],{"class":3092},[3078,5331,3296],{"class":3088},[3078,5333,5334,5336,5339],{"class":3080,"line":3103},[3078,5335,3085],{"class":3084},[3078,5337,5338],{"class":3088},"** pp = &&val;",[3078,5340,5341],{"class":3099}," // помилка компіляції\n",[2964,5343,5344,5347,5348,5350,5351,5353],{},[2979,5345,5346],{},"Завдання 3."," Динамічно виділіть масив вказівників ",[2990,5349,3474],{}," розміром 3. Оголосіть три окремі змінні ",[2990,5352,3085],{}," і запишіть їхні адреси в елементи масиву. Виведіть значення, розіменувавши кожен вказівник, і звільніть пам'ять.",[5270,5355,5358,5375],{"icon":5356,"title":5357},"i-heroicons-cpu-chip","Рівень 2 — Логіка",[2964,5359,5360,5363,5364,5367,5368,5371,5372,5374],{},[2979,5361,5362],{},"Завдання 4."," Реалізуйте функцію ",[2990,5365,5366],{},"void allocate2D(int**& matrix, int rows, int cols)",", що динамічно виділяє двовимірний масив і заповнює його нулями. Напишіть парну функцію ",[2990,5369,5370],{},"void free2D(int**& matrix, int rows)"," для коректного звільнення. У ",[2990,5373,3844],{}," продемонструйте їх роботу.",[2964,5376,5377,5363,5380,5383,5384,5387,5388,5391,5392,5387,5395,5398],{},[2979,5378,5379],{},"Завдання 5.",[2990,5381,5382],{},"void transpose(int** src, int** dst, int rows, int cols)",", що транспонує матрицю ",[2990,5385,5386],{},"src"," (розміром ",[2990,5389,5390],{},"rows × cols",") у попередньо виділену ",[2990,5393,5394],{},"dst",[2990,5396,5397],{},"cols × rows","). Перевірте результат для матриці 3×4.",[5270,5400,5403,5409,5441],{"icon":5401,"title":5402},"i-heroicons-building-library","Рівень 3 — Архітектура",[2964,5404,5405,5408],{},[2979,5406,5407],{},"Завдання 6."," Реалізуйте набір функцій для роботи з «сплющеною» матрицею (без STL і без класів):",[2973,5410,5411,5417,5423,5429,5435],{},[2976,5412,5413,5416],{},[2990,5414,5415],{},"int* createMatrix(int rows, int cols)"," — виділяє пам'ять.",[2976,5418,5419,5422],{},[2990,5420,5421],{},"void setElement(int* matrix, int row, int col, int cols, int value)"," — записує значення.",[2976,5424,5425,5428],{},[2990,5426,5427],{},"int getElement(int* matrix, int row, int col, int cols)"," — зчитує значення.",[2976,5430,5431,5434],{},[2990,5432,5433],{},"void printMatrix(int* matrix, int rows, int cols)"," — виводить матрицю рядками.",[2976,5436,5437,5440],{},[2990,5438,5439],{},"void freeMatrix(int* matrix)"," — звільняє пам'ять.",[2964,5442,5443,5444,5447],{},"Перевірте: створіть матрицю 4×4, заповніть її значеннями таблиці множення (",[2990,5445,5446],{},"i * j",") і виведіть.",[3044,5449],{},[2959,5451,5453],{"id":5452},"підсумок","Підсумок",[5267,5455,5456,5467,5479,5494],{},[5270,5457,5460,5462,5463,5466],{"icon":5458,"title":5459},"i-heroicons-light-bulb","Ключова ідея",[2990,5461,3013],{}," — вказівник на вказівник. Потребує подвійного розіменування ",[2990,5464,5465],{},"**"," для доступу до кінцевого значення. Сам вказівник — це теж змінна зі своєю адресою.",[5270,5468,5471,5472,5474,5475,5478],{"icon":5469,"title":5470},"i-heroicons-table-cells","Головне застосування","Динамічні двовимірні масиви: виділяємо масив ",[2990,5473,3474],{}," (рядки), потім кожен рядок окремо. Рядки ",[2979,5476,5477],{},"не є суміжними"," в пам'яті.",[5270,5480,5483,5484,5487,5488,5491,5492,2993],{"icon":5481,"title":5482},"i-heroicons-trash","Правило звільнення","Звільняти у ",[2979,5485,5486],{},"зворотному"," порядку: спочатку кожен рядок (",[2990,5489,5490],{},"delete[] matrix[r]","), потім масив вказівників (",[2990,5493,4206],{},[5270,5495,5498,5500,5501,5503],{"icon":5496,"title":5497},"i-heroicons-arrow-trending-up","Краща альтернатива",[2990,5499,5050],{}," — автоматичне управління пам'яттю. ",[2990,5502,5054],{}," зі сплющенням — найкраща продуктивність.",[2964,5505,5506,5507,5514],{},"У наступній статті ми розглянемо ",[2979,5508,5509,5510,5513],{},"оператор ",[2990,5511,5512],{},"->"," (доступ до членів через вказівник)"," — лаконічний синтаксичний цукор, без якого неможливо комфортно працювати зі структурами та об'єктами через вказівники.",[5516,5517,5518],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su1O8, html code.shiki .su1O8{--shiki-light:#0000FF;--shiki-default:#569CD6;--shiki-dark:#569CD6}html pre.shiki code .sHH4Y, html code.shiki .sHH4Y{--shiki-light:#000000;--shiki-default:#D4D4D4;--shiki-dark:#D4D4D4}html pre.shiki code .sJj4R, html code.shiki .sJj4R{--shiki-light:#098658;--shiki-default:#B5CEA8;--shiki-dark:#B5CEA8}html pre.shiki code .spJ8K, html code.shiki .spJ8K{--shiki-light:#008000;--shiki-default:#6A9955;--shiki-dark:#6A9955}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sCDza, html code.shiki .sCDza{--shiki-light:#AF00DB;--shiki-default:#CE92A4;--shiki-dark:#CE92A4}html pre.shiki code .sbdoH, html code.shiki .sbdoH{--shiki-light:#A31515;--shiki-default:#CE9178;--shiki-dark:#CE9178}html pre.shiki code .s8Opu, html code.shiki .s8Opu{--shiki-light:#795E26;--shiki-default:#DCDCAA;--shiki-dark:#DCDCAA}html pre.shiki code .sN1BT, html code.shiki .sN1BT{--shiki-light:#267F99;--shiki-default:#4EC9B0;--shiki-dark:#4EC9B0}html pre.shiki code .sjcCO, html code.shiki .sjcCO{--shiki-light:#EE0000;--shiki-default:#D7BA7D;--shiki-dark:#D7BA7D}html pre.shiki code .siwwj, html code.shiki .siwwj{--shiki-light:#001080;--shiki-default:#9CDCFE;--shiki-dark:#9CDCFE}",{"title":3074,"searchDepth":3103,"depth":3103,"links":5520},[5521,5522,5523,5524,5525,5535,5536,5537,5539,5540,5543],{"id":2961,"depth":3103,"text":2962},{"id":3048,"depth":3103,"text":3049},{"id":3243,"depth":3103,"text":3244},{"id":3551,"depth":3103,"text":3552},{"id":3850,"depth":3103,"text":2981,"children":5526},[5527,5529,5530,5531,5532,5533,5534],{"id":3864,"depth":3114,"text":5528},"Чому new int[rows][cols] не працює для динамічних розмірів",{"id":3916,"depth":3114,"text":3917},{"id":3926,"depth":3114,"text":3927},{"id":3980,"depth":3114,"text":3981},{"id":4032,"depth":3114,"text":4033},{"id":4098,"depth":3114,"text":4099},{"id":4145,"depth":3114,"text":4146},{"id":4585,"depth":3103,"text":4586},{"id":4757,"depth":3103,"text":4758},{"id":5063,"depth":3103,"text":5538},"Глибокі рівні вкладеності: int*** і далі",{"id":5135,"depth":3103,"text":5136},{"id":5256,"depth":3103,"text":5257,"children":5541},[5542],{"id":5260,"depth":3114,"text":5265},{"id":5452,"depth":3103,"text":5453},"Опануйте подвійні вказівники (int**) у C++ — від базової концепції до динамічних двовимірних масивів. Дізнайтесь про правильне звільнення пам'яті, альтернативу «сплюснутого» масиву та чому std::vector є кращим вибором.","md",null,{},{"title":1726,"description":5544},"2Tk3Lt6efGnujwJ5CgrYZrrVXEc3Xu9oBHWjfp8Q9ro",[5551,5553],{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724,"description":5552,"children":-1},"Вивчіть void-вказівники у C++ — загальний вказівник, що може зберігати адресу будь-якого типу. Дізнайтесь, коли їх застосовувати, чому вони є анти-патерном і які сучасні альтернативи існують.",{"title":1730,"path":1731,"stem":1732,"description":5554,"children":-1},"Вивчіть оператор -> у C++ — синтаксичний цукор для доступу до членів структури через вказівник. Зрозумійте, чому (*ptr).member потребує дужок, як -> спрощує код і де він незамінний.",1777890688023]