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ОС","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fwindows-hooks-services","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002F20.windows-hooks-services",{"title":376,"path":377,"stem":378},"Системне Програмування C# (Windows) — 07.system-programming-windows","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fsystem-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F07.system-programming-windows\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":380,"icon":132,"path":381,"stem":382,"children":383,"page":59},"Io","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio","01.csharp\u002F08.io",[384,388,392,396,400],{"title":385,"path":386,"stem":387},"8.1.1. Основи роботи з файловою системою","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Ffile-system-basics","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F01.file-system-basics",{"title":389,"path":390,"stem":391},"8.1.2. Потоки (Streams) та Серіалізація Даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fstreams-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F02.streams-serialization",{"title":393,"path":394,"stem":395},"8.2.1. JSON Serialization з System.Text.Json","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fjson-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F03.json-serialization",{"title":397,"path":398,"stem":399},"8.2.2. XML Serialization та LINQ to XML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fxml-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F04.xml-serialization",{"title":401,"path":402,"stem":403},"8.2.3. Binary Serialization: MessagePack та Protocol Buffers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fio\u002Fbinary-serialization","01.csharp\u002F08.io\u002F05.binary-serialization",{"title":405,"icon":132,"path":406,"stem":407,"children":408,"page":59},"Ado Net","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net",[409,413,417,421,425,429,433,437,441,445,449,453],{"title":410,"path":411,"stem":412},"9.1. Введення в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fintroduction-to-adonet","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F01.introduction-to-adonet",{"title":414,"path":415,"stem":416},"9.2. Клас DbConnection — з'єднання з базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fconnection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F02.connection",{"title":418,"path":419,"stem":420},"9.3. Клас DbCommand — виконання SQL-запитів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fcommand-and-queries","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F03.command-and-queries",{"title":422,"path":423,"stem":424},"9.4. Клас DbDataReader — ефективне читання даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdatareader","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F04.datareader",{"title":426,"path":427,"stem":428},"9.5. Параметризовані запити та захист від SQL Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fparameters-and-sql-injection","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F05.parameters-and-sql-injection",{"title":430,"path":431,"stem":432},"9.6. Транзакції в ADO.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Ftransactions","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F06.transactions",{"title":434,"path":435,"stem":436},"9.7. DbProviderFactory — провайдер-незалежний код","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fprovider-factory","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F07.provider-factory",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"9.8. Асинхронний доступ до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fasync-data-access","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F08.async-data-access",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"9.9. Від'єднаний режим: DataSet, DataTable, DataRow","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdisconnected-mode-dataset","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F09.disconnected-mode-dataset",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"9.10. DataAdapter — міст між DataSet та базою даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-adapter","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F10.data-adapter",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"9.11. Data Mapper та Repository: Архітектура доступу до даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fdata-mapper-repository","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F11.data-mapper-repository",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"9.12. Identity Map, Unit of Work та Specification Pattern","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fado-net\u002Fadvanced-patterns","01.csharp\u002F09.ado-net\u002F12.advanced-patterns",{"title":458,"icon":255,"path":459,"stem":460,"children":461,"page":59},"Ef Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core",[462,466,470,474,478,482,486,490,494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,532,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574,578,582,586,590,594,598,602,606,610,614,618,622,626,630,634,638,642,646],{"title":463,"path":464,"stem":465},"Що таке ORM? Від SQL до об'єктів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fwhat-is-orm","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F01.what-is-orm",{"title":467,"path":468,"stem":469},"Перший проєкт — від нуля до CRUD","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffirst-project","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F02.first-project",{"title":471,"path":472,"stem":473},"DbContext — Серце EF Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdbcontext-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F03.dbcontext-deep-dive",{"title":475,"path":476,"stem":477},"Провайдери баз даних — Архітектура та Вибір СУБД","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fdatabase-providers","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F04.database-providers",{"title":479,"path":480,"stem":481},"Конвенції EF Core — Магія без конфігурації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconventions","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F05.conventions",{"title":483,"path":484,"stem":485},"Fluent API та Data Annotations — Явна конфігурація моделі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Ffluent-api-vs-annotations","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F06.fluent-api-vs-annotations",{"title":487,"path":488,"stem":489},"Зв'язки — One-to-One та One-to-Many","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-basics","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F07.relationships-basics",{"title":491,"path":492,"stem":493},"Зв'язки Advanced — Many-to-Many та Складні Сценарії","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Frelationships-advanced","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F08.relationships-advanced",{"title":495,"path":496,"stem":497},"Властивості — Типи, Конвертери, Компаратори (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part1",{"title":499,"path":500,"stem":501},"Властивості — Value Comparers, Generators, Shadow Properties (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fproperty-configuration-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F09.property-configuration-part2",{"title":503,"path":504,"stem":505},"Складні типи — Owned Types та Complex Types (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part1",{"title":507,"path":508,"stem":509},"Складні типи — Complex Types, Keyless Entities, Порівняння (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fcomplex-types-owned-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F10.complex-types-owned-part2",{"title":511,"path":512,"stem":513},"JSON Columns — Складні дані у JSON (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part1",{"title":515,"path":516,"stem":517},"JSON Columns — Value Comparers, Індекси, Провайдери (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fjson-columns-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F11.json-columns-part2",{"title":519,"path":520,"stem":521},"Успадкування — Абстрактні класи та TPH (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part1",{"title":523,"path":524,"stem":525},"Успадкування — TPT, TPC та Порівняння Стратегій (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finheritance-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F12.inheritance-part2",{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529,"children":530},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part1",[531],{"title":527,"path":528,"stem":529},{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535,"children":536},"Індекси, Обмеження та Схема (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Findexes-constraints-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F13.indexes-constraints-part2",[537],{"title":533,"path":534,"stem":535},{"title":539,"path":540,"stem":541},"Seed Data — Початкові Дані (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part1",{"title":543,"path":544,"stem":545},"Seed Data — SQL-скрипти, Bogus та Стратегії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fseeding-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F14.seeding-part2",{"title":547,"path":548,"stem":549},"Global Query Filters — Глобальні Фільтри (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part1",{"title":551,"path":552,"stem":553},"Global Query Filters — Підводні камені та Інтеграція (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fglobal-query-filters-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F15.global-query-filters-part2",{"title":555,"path":556,"stem":557},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part1",{"title":559,"path":560,"stem":561},"LINQ-запити в EF Core (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Flinq-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F16.linq-queries-part2",{"title":563,"path":564,"stem":565},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part1",{"title":567,"path":568,"stem":569},"Завантаження Пов'язаних Даних (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Floading-related-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F17.loading-related-data-part2",{"title":571,"path":572,"stem":573},"Raw SQL, Views та Stored Procedures (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part1",{"title":575,"path":576,"stem":577},"Raw SQL — Stored Procedures, DbFunction та Bulk Operations (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fraw-sql-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F18.raw-sql-part2",{"title":579,"path":580,"stem":581},"Продвинуті Запити — Compiled Queries, Bulk та Оптимізація (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part1",{"title":583,"path":584,"stem":585},"Продвинуті Запити — Query Tags, Bulk та Interceptors (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fadvanced-queries-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F19.advanced-queries-part2",{"title":587,"path":588,"stem":589},"Change Tracker — Відстеження Змін (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part1",{"title":591,"path":592,"stem":593},"Change Tracker — Графи Об'єктів та Disconnected (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fchange-tracking-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F20.change-tracking-part2",{"title":595,"path":596,"stem":597},"Збереження Даних та Транзакції (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part1",{"title":599,"path":600,"stem":601},"Збереження Даних — Concurrency та Outbox (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fsaving-data-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F21.saving-data-part2",{"title":603,"path":604,"stem":605},"Конкурентність та Блокування (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part1",{"title":607,"path":608,"stem":609},"Конкурентність — Дедлоки та Queue Processing (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fconcurrency-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F22.concurrency-part2",{"title":611,"path":612,"stem":613},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part1",{"title":615,"path":616,"stem":617},"Міграції в EF Core — Основи (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F23.migrations-basics-part2",{"title":619,"path":620,"stem":621},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part1",{"title":623,"path":624,"stem":625},"Міграції — Просунуті Сценарії (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fmigrations-advanced-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F24.migrations-advanced-part2",{"title":627,"path":628,"stem":629},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part1",{"title":631,"path":632,"stem":633},"Управління Схемою та Database-First (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fschema-management-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F25.schema-management-part2",{"title":635,"path":636,"stem":637},"Продуктивність EF Core — Основи (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fperformance-fundamentals-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F26.performance-fundamentals-part1",{"title":639,"path":640,"stem":641},"Interceptors в EF Core (Частина 1)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part1","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part1",{"title":643,"path":644,"stem":645},"Interceptors в EF Core — Connection, Transaction та Materialization (Частина 2)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Finterceptors-part2","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002F29.interceptors-part2",{"title":647,"path":648,"stem":649},"План вивчення Entity Framework Core — Повний курс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan","01.csharp\u002F10.ef-core\u002Fimplementation_plan",{"title":651,"icon":652,"path":653,"stem":654,"children":655,"page":59},"ASP.NET","i-devicon-dotnetcore","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet",[656,730,791,869,927,941,967,1057,1111,1182,1212,1289,1346],{"title":657,"icon":658,"path":659,"stem":660,"children":661,"page":59},"Minimal API","i-lucide-network","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api",[662,666,670,674,678,682,686,690,694,698,702,706,710,714,718,722,726],{"title":663,"path":664,"stem":665},"Вступ до ASP.NET та еволюція фреймворку","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fintroduction","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F01.introduction",{"title":667,"path":668,"stem":669},"Перший додаток на ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Ffirst-application","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F02.first-application",{"title":671,"path":672,"stem":673},"WebApplication, Builder та Dependency Injection","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fwebapplication-builder","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F03.webapplication-builder",{"title":675,"path":676,"stem":677},"Конвеєр запитів та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frequest-pipeline-middleware","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F04.request-pipeline-middleware",{"title":679,"path":680,"stem":681},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F05.routing-basics",{"title":683,"path":684,"stem":685},"Маршрутизація в ASP.NET Core: Розширені можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Frouting-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F06.routing-advanced",{"title":687,"path":688,"stem":689},"Статичні файли в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-files","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F07.static-files",{"title":691,"path":692,"stem":693},"Статичні Активи: MapStaticAssets (ASP.NET Core 9.0)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstatic-assets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F08.static-assets",{"title":695,"path":696,"stem":697},"Конфігурація в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F09.configuration-fundamentals",{"title":699,"path":700,"stem":701},"Конфігурація: Паттерн Options","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fconfiguration-options","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F10.configuration-options",{"title":703,"path":704,"stem":705},"Логування в ASP.NET Core: Основи","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F11.logging-basics",{"title":707,"path":708,"stem":709},"Логування: Serilog та Middleware","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Flogging-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F12.logging-advanced",{"title":711,"path":712,"stem":713},"Управління станом: HttpContext.Items та Cookies","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fstate-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F13.state-management",{"title":715,"path":716,"stem":717},"Стан сесії: Sessions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fsession-state","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F14.session-state",{"title":719,"path":720,"stem":721},"Структура проєкту: від хаосу до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fproject-structure","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F15.project-structure",{"title":723,"path":724,"stem":725},"Scalar у Minimal API: повний проєкт і Fluent OpenAPI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fscalar-openapi-fluent","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F16.scalar-openapi-fluent",{"title":727,"path":728,"stem":729},"Swagger \u002F Swashbuckle у Minimal API: окремий класичний шлях","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fminimal-api\u002Fswagger-swashbuckle","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F01.minimal-api\u002F17.swagger-swashbuckle",{"title":731,"icon":658,"path":732,"stem":733,"children":734,"page":59},"API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api",[735,739,743,747,751,755,759,763,767,771,775,779,783,787],{"title":736,"path":737,"stem":738},"Що таке API. Клієнт-серверна архітектура","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fwhat-is-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F01.what-is-api",{"title":740,"path":741,"stem":742},"Формати даних: JSON, XML, TOML та бінарні формати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fdata-formats","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F02.data-formats",{"title":744,"path":745,"stem":746},"Парадигми API та концепція REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-paradigms-rest","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F03.api-paradigms-rest",{"title":748,"path":749,"stem":750},"HTTP-методи, статус-коди та заголовки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fhttp-methods-status-codes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F04.http-methods-status-codes",{"title":752,"path":753,"stem":754},"Організація HTTP API за принципами REST","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Frest-organizing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F05.rest-organizing",{"title":756,"path":757,"stem":758},"Номенклатура URL та CRUD-операції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Furl-nomenclature-crud","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F06.url-nomenclature-crud",{"title":760,"path":761,"stem":762},"Правила дизайну: іменування та стандарти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-naming","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F07.api-design-naming",{"title":764,"path":765,"stem":766},"Валідація, ліміти та обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F08.api-design-validation",{"title":768,"path":769,"stem":770},"Обробка помилок у Minimal API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Ferror-handling-http","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F09.error-handling-http",{"title":772,"path":773,"stem":774},"Ідемпотентність та синхронізація стану","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fidempotency-sync","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F10.idempotency-sync",{"title":776,"path":777,"stem":778},"Пагінація та організація списків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fpagination-lists","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F11.pagination-lists",{"title":780,"path":781,"stem":782},"Безпека API, кешування та інтернаціоналізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fsecurity-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F12.security-auth",{"title":784,"path":785,"stem":786},"Процес проєктування API та документування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fapi-design-process","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F13.api-design-process",{"title":788,"path":789,"stem":790},"OpenAPI: контракт, специфікація та документація API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fapi\u002Fopenapi","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F02.api\u002F14.openapi",{"title":792,"icon":793,"path":794,"stem":795,"children":796,"page":59},"Auth","i-lucide-shield-check","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth",[797,801,805,809,813,817,821,825,829,833,837,841,845,849,853,857,861,865],{"title":798,"path":799,"stem":800},"Основи аутентифікації та авторизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauth-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F01.auth-fundamentals",{"title":802,"path":803,"stem":804},"JWT-аутентифікація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fjwt-authentication","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F02.jwt-authentication",{"title":806,"path":807,"stem":808},"Авторизація: ролі, політики та resource-based доступ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fauthorization-policies","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F03.authorization-policies",{"title":810,"path":811,"stem":812},"Cookie-аутентифікація та ASP.NET Core Identity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcookie-auth-identity","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04.cookie-auth-identity",{"title":814,"path":815,"stem":816},"JWT + Refresh Tokens (HttpOnly Cookie)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F04b.identity-auth-jwt",{"title":818,"path":819,"stem":820},"Identity: Підтвердження Email та Скидання Пароля","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-email-confirmation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F05.identity-email-confirmation",{"title":822,"path":823,"stem":824},"Identity: Двофакторна Аутентифікація (2FA)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-two-factor","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F06.identity-two-factor",{"title":826,"path":827,"stem":828},"Identity: Внутрішня Архітектура та Кастомізація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fidentity-internals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F07.identity-internals",{"title":830,"path":831,"stem":832},"OAuth 2.0 та зовнішні провайдери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-external-providers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F08.oauth-external-providers",{"title":834,"path":835,"stem":836},"Безпека на практиці: CORS, HTTPS та захист від атак","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fsecurity-hardening","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F09.security-hardening",{"title":838,"path":839,"stem":840},"Теорія OAuth 2.0: Поняття, Аналогії та Флоу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foauth-theory","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oauth-theory",{"title":842,"path":843,"stem":844},"OIDC, OAuth 2.0 та Keycloak в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Foidc-keycloak","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F10.oidc-keycloak",{"title":846,"path":847,"stem":848},"API Keys аутентифікація в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fapi-keys","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F11.api-keys",{"title":850,"path":851,"stem":852},"Rate Limiting та Throttling в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frate-limiting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F12.rate-limiting",{"title":854,"path":855,"stem":856},"Refresh Token Rotation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frefresh-token-rotation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F13.refresh-token-rotation",{"title":858,"path":859,"stem":860},"Certificate Authentication та mTLS в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fcertificate-auth","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F14.certificate-auth",{"title":862,"path":863,"stem":864},"RBAC, ABAC та ReBAC в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Frbac-abac-rebac","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F15.rbac-abac-rebac",{"title":866,"path":867,"stem":868},"Multi-tenancy та ізоляція даних в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fauth\u002Fmulti-tenancy","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F03.auth\u002F16.multi-tenancy",{"title":870,"icon":871,"path":872,"stem":873,"children":874,"page":59},"Нотифікації","i-lucide-bell","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications",[875,879,883,887,891,895,899,903,907,911,915,919,923],{"title":876,"path":877,"stem":878},"In-App нотифікації через базу даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fin-app-database-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F01.in-app-database-notifications",{"title":880,"path":881,"stem":882},"Polling: Регулярний запит оновлень","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fpolling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F02.polling",{"title":884,"path":885,"stem":886},"Server-Sent Events: Однострімовий push від сервера","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fserver-sent-events","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F03.server-sent-events",{"title":888,"path":889,"stem":890},"WebSockets: Двостороннє з'єднання в реальному часі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F04.websockets",{"title":892,"path":893,"stem":894},"SignalR: Абстракція над транспортами реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fsignalr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F05.signalr",{"title":896,"path":897,"stem":898},"Background Services: Фонові задачі в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fbackground-services","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F06.background-services",{"title":900,"path":901,"stem":902},"Web Push нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fweb-push","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F07.web-push",{"title":904,"path":905,"stem":906},"Email нотифікації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Femail-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F08.email-notifications",{"title":908,"path":909,"stem":910},"Порівняння підходів: Як вибрати правильну технологію нотифікацій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fchoosing-the-right-approach","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F09.choosing-the-right-approach",{"title":912,"path":913,"stem":914},"Hangfire: Надійне планування фонових задач","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F10.hangfire",{"title":916,"path":917,"stem":918},"Практика: Конвертація зображень у WebP через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-image-webp","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F11.hangfire-image-webp",{"title":920,"path":921,"stem":922},"Практика: Підготовка відео до HLS-стрімінгу через Hangfire","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Fhangfire-video-hls","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F12.hangfire-video-hls",{"title":924,"path":925,"stem":926},"Telegram-нотифікації: від одного повідомлення до масових розсилок і мульти-канального підходу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fnotifications\u002Ftelegram-notifications","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F04.notifications\u002F13.telegram-notifications",{"title":928,"icon":929,"path":930,"stem":931,"children":932,"page":59},"Інтернаціоналізація","i-lucide-languages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n",[933,937],{"title":934,"path":935,"stem":936},"Інтернаціоналізація (i18n) у Minimal API: від A до Я","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Finternationalization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F01.internationalization",{"title":938,"path":939,"stem":940},"Humanizer: людиномовні рядки у .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fi18n\u002Fhumanizer","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F05.i18n\u002F02.humanizer",{"title":942,"icon":943,"path":944,"stem":945,"children":946,"page":59},"Кешування","i-lucide-layers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching",[947,951,955,959,963],{"title":948,"path":949,"stem":950},"Огляд кешування: чотири рівні і коли що обирати","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fcaching","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F01.caching",{"title":952,"path":953,"stem":954},"IMemoryCache: кеш в оперативній пам'яті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fmemory-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F02.memory-cache",{"title":956,"path":957,"stem":958},"IDistributedCache і Redis: розподілений кеш","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fdistributed-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F03.distributed-cache",{"title":960,"path":961,"stem":962},"Response Cache: HTTP-кешування через Cache-Control","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Fresponse-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F04.response-cache",{"title":964,"path":965,"stem":966},"Output Cache: серверний кеш HTTP-відповідей (.NET 7+)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fcaching\u002Foutput-cache","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F06.caching\u002F05.output-cache",{"title":968,"icon":969,"path":970,"stem":971,"children":972,"page":59},"Тестування","i-lucide-test-tube","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing",[973,977,981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005,1009,1013,1017,1021,1025,1029,1033,1037,1041,1045,1049,1053],{"title":974,"path":975,"stem":976},"Що таке тестування? Від інтуїції до науки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-is-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F01.what-is-testing",{"title":978,"path":979,"stem":980},"Піраміда тестування — Стратегія, а не Догма","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-pyramid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-pyramid",{"title":982,"path":983,"stem":984},"Дві Школи Тестування — Лондон проти Детройту","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-schools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-schools",{"title":986,"path":987,"stem":988},"TDD та BDD — Тести як Дизайн-інструмент","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftdd-and-bdd","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F04.tdd-and-bdd",{"title":990,"path":991,"stem":992},"Що саме тестувати — Техніки аналізу та Циклomatична складність","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwhat-to-test","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F05.what-to-test",{"title":994,"path":995,"stem":996},"Тестові Фреймворки — Навіщо вони і що всередині","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftest-frameworks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F06.test-frameworks",{"title":998,"path":999,"stem":1000},"xUnit — Факти, Теорії та Lifecycle тестів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-basics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F07.xunit-basics",{"title":1002,"path":1003,"stem":1004},"xUnit Advanced — Fixtures, Кастомізація та Розширення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fxunit-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F08.xunit-advanced",{"title":1006,"path":1007,"stem":1008},"Moq — Глибоке занурення в мокування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fmocking-with-moq","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F09.mocking-with-moq",{"title":1010,"path":1011,"stem":1012},"Тестування Баз Даних — EF Core, SQLite та Testcontainers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fdatabase-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F10.database-testing",{"title":1014,"path":1015,"stem":1016},"Integration Testing — Частина 1 [Теорія та WebApplicationFactory]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11.integration-testing",{"title":1018,"path":1019,"stem":1020},"Інтеграційне тестування — Практика","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F11a.integration-testing-practice",{"title":1022,"path":1023,"stem":1024},"Integration Testing — Частина 2 [Просунуті Сценарії та Testcontainers]","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fintegration-testing-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F12.integration-testing-advanced",{"title":1026,"path":1027,"stem":1028},"Професійний Postman: Колекції, Змінні та GitHub Інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fpostman-professional","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F13.postman-professional",{"title":1030,"path":1031,"stem":1032},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 1: Архітектура та MockHttpMessageHandler","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fhttpclient-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F14.httpclient-testing",{"title":1034,"path":1035,"stem":1036},"HttpClient у Тестах Частина 2: WireMock.Net та Resilience","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fwiremock-net","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F15.wiremock-net",{"title":1038,"path":1039,"stem":1040},"Патерни та Анти-патерни Тестування: Test Smells","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-patterns","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F16.testing-patterns",{"title":1042,"path":1043,"stem":1044},"Просунуті інструменти: Time, Snapshots та Властивості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fadvanced-testing-tools","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F17.advanced-testing-tools",{"title":1046,"path":1047,"stem":1048},"Тестування Архітектури з NetArchTest","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Farchitecture-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F18.architecture-testing",{"title":1050,"path":1051,"stem":1052},"Тестування Продуктивності: BenchmarkDotNet, NBomber та k6","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fperformance-testing","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002F19.performance-testing",{"title":1054,"path":1055,"stem":1056},"Залишок плану для курсу \"Тестування ASP.NET Minimal API\"","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Ftesting\u002Fremaining_plan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F07.testing\u002Fremaining_plan",{"title":1058,"icon":1059,"path":1060,"stem":1061,"children":1062,"page":59},"Платежі","i-lucide-credit-card","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments",[1063,1067,1071,1075,1079,1083,1087,1091,1095,1099,1103,1107],{"title":1064,"path":1065,"stem":1066},"Основи платіжної інфраструктури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F01.payment-fundamentals",{"title":1068,"path":1069,"stem":1070},"Методи оплати в Україні","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-methods-ukraine","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F02.payment-methods-ukraine",{"title":1072,"path":1073,"stem":1074},"PCI DSS та безпека платежів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpci-dss-security","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F03.pci-dss-security",{"title":1076,"path":1077,"stem":1078},"Архітектура платіжної підсистеми","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fpayment-architecture","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F04.payment-architecture",{"title":1080,"path":1081,"stem":1082},"Інтеграція LiqPay (ПриватБанк)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fliqpay-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F05.liqpay-integration",{"title":1084,"path":1085,"stem":1086},"Інтеграція Monobank Acquiring API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fmonobank-acquiring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F06.monobank-acquiring",{"title":1088,"path":1089,"stem":1090},"Інтеграція Stripe","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fstripe-integration","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F07.stripe-integration",{"title":1092,"path":1093,"stem":1094},"Webhooks — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fwebhooks-deep-dive","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F08.webhooks-deep-dive",{"title":1096,"path":1097,"stem":1098},"Підписки та рекурентні платежі","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fsubscriptions-recurring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F09.subscriptions-recurring",{"title":1100,"path":1101,"stem":1102},"Повернення коштів та диспути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Frefunds-disputes","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F10.refunds-disputes",{"title":1104,"path":1105,"stem":1106},"Тестування платіжних інтеграцій","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Ftesting-payments","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F11.testing-payments",{"title":1108,"path":1109,"stem":1110},"Чекліст виходу в Production","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fpayments\u002Fproduction-checklist","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F08.payments\u002F12.production-checklist",{"title":1112,"icon":1113,"items":1114,"path":1127,"stem":1128,"children":1129,"page":59},"Популярні бібліотеки","lucide:box",[1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126],"01.fluent-validation","02.mapster","03.erroror-result-pattern","04.serilog","05.mediatr","06.polly","07.health-checks","08.feature-management","09.fluent-email","10.quest-pdf","11.bogus","12.humanizer-guard","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries",[1130,1134,1138,1142,1146,1150,1154,1158,1162,1166,1170,1174,1178],{"title":1131,"path":1132,"stem":1133},"Валідація з FluentValidation в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F01.fluent-validation",{"title":1135,"path":1136,"stem":1137},"Маппінг об","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmapster","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F02.mapster",{"title":1139,"path":1140,"stem":1141},"Обробка помилок з ErrorOr та Result Pattern в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ferroror-result-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F03.erroror-result-pattern",{"title":1143,"path":1144,"stem":1145},"Структуроване логування з Serilog в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fserilog","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F04.serilog",{"title":1147,"path":1148,"stem":1149},"CQRS та Mediator з MediatR в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fmediatr","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F05.mediatr",{"title":1151,"path":1152,"stem":1153},"Відмовостійкість з Polly в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fpolly","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F06.polly",{"title":1155,"path":1156,"stem":1157},"Health Checks в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F07.health-checks",{"title":1159,"path":1160,"stem":1161},"Feature Management та Feature Flags в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffeature-management","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F08.feature-management",{"title":1163,"path":1164,"stem":1165},"Відправка Email з FluentEmail в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Ffluent-email","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F09.fluent-email",{"title":1167,"path":1168,"stem":1169},"Генерація PDF з QuestPDF в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fquest-pdf","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F10.quest-pdf",{"title":1171,"path":1172,"stem":1173},"Генерація тестових даних з Bogus в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fbogus","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F11.bogus",{"title":1175,"path":1176,"stem":1177},"Humanizer та Guard Clauses в ASP.NET Core","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fhumanizer-guard","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002F12.humanizer-guard",{"title":1179,"path":1180,"stem":1181},"План модуля 10.libraries — Популярні бібліотеки ASP.NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Flibraries\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F09.libraries\u002Fplan",{"title":1183,"icon":1184,"path":1185,"stem":1186,"children":1187,"page":59},"Razor Pages","i-lucide-layout-template","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages",[1188,1192,1196,1200,1204,1208],{"title":1189,"path":1190,"stem":1191},"Від Minimal API до Razor Pages: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ffrom-minimal-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F01.from-minimal-api",{"title":1193,"path":1194,"stem":1195},"PageModel: логіка сторінки Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fpage-model","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F02.page-model",{"title":1197,"path":1198,"stem":1199},"Razor синтаксис: шаблонізатор у .cshtml","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Frazor-syntax","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F03.razor-syntax",{"title":1201,"path":1202,"stem":1203},"Tag Helpers: типізований HTML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Ftag-helpers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F04.tag-helpers",{"title":1205,"path":1206,"stem":1207},"Форми і валідація: повний цикл обробки даних","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fforms-validation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F05.forms-validation",{"title":1209,"path":1210,"stem":1211},"Практичний проєкт: TaskManager на Razor Pages","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Frazor-pages\u002Fproject-task-manager","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F10.razor-pages\u002F06.project-task-manager",{"title":1213,"path":1214,"stem":1215,"children":1216,"page":59},"ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc",[1217,1221,1225,1229,1233,1237,1241,1245,1249,1253,1257,1261,1265,1269,1273,1277,1281,1285],{"title":1218,"path":1219,"stem":1220},"Патерн MVC: архітектура, що змінила веб","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-pattern","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F01.mvc-pattern",{"title":1222,"path":1223,"stem":1224},"Від Razor Pages до MVC: концептуальний перехід","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffrom-razor-pages","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F02.from-razor-pages",{"title":1226,"path":1227,"stem":1228},"Controllers та Actions: серце MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fcontrollers-actions","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F03.controllers-actions",{"title":1230,"path":1231,"stem":1232},"Маршрутизація в MVC: Convention vs Attribute Routing","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Frouting-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F04.routing-mvc",{"title":1234,"path":1235,"stem":1236},"Model Binding: від HTTP до C#","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmodel-binding","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F05.model-binding",{"title":1238,"path":1239,"stem":1240},"Views, ViewData, ViewBag, TempData і ViewModel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fviews-viewdata-tempdata","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F06.views-viewdata-tempdata",{"title":1242,"path":1243,"stem":1244},"Filters: аспектно-орієнтоване програмування в MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffilters","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F07.filters",{"title":1246,"path":1247,"stem":1248},"Areas: структурування великих застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fareas","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F08.areas",{"title":1250,"path":1251,"stem":1252},"View Components: повторювані незалежні блоки UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fview-components","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F09.view-components",{"title":1254,"path":1255,"stem":1256},"Display та Editor Templates","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fdisplay-editor-templates","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F10.display-editor-templates",{"title":1258,"path":1259,"stem":1260},"Валідація: IValidatableObject та FluentValidation","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fvalidation-advanced","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F11.validation-advanced",{"title":1262,"path":1263,"stem":1264},"HTMX: інтерактивність через HTML-атрибути","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F12.htmx",{"title":1266,"path":1267,"stem":1268},"HTMX у ASP.NET Core MVC: серверна інтеграція","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fajax-htmx-mvc","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F13.ajax-htmx-mvc",{"title":1270,"path":1271,"stem":1272},"Практичний проєкт: Каталог товарів з HTMX","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fhtmx-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F14.htmx-project",{"title":1274,"path":1275,"stem":1276},"Завантаження та обробка файлів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Ffile-upload","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F15.file-upload",{"title":1278,"path":1279,"stem":1280},"Глобалізація та Локалізація MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fglobalization-localization","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F16.globalization-localization",{"title":1282,"path":1283,"stem":1284},"Підсумковий проєкт: Блог-платформа","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fmvc-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002F17.mvc-project",{"title":1286,"path":1287,"stem":1288},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core MVC","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmvc\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F11.mvc\u002Fplan",{"title":1290,"path":1291,"stem":1292,"children":1293,"page":59},"Web Api","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api",[1294,1298,1302,1306,1310,1314,1318,1322,1326,1330,1334,1338,1342],{"title":1295,"path":1296,"stem":1297},"Від Minimal API до Controller-based API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffrom-minimal-api-to-controllers","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F01.from-minimal-api-to-controllers",{"title":1299,"path":1300,"stem":1301},"ControllerBase, ActionResult\u003CT> та Response Types","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontroller-base-actionresult","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F02.controller-base-actionresult",{"title":1303,"path":1304,"stem":1305},"Content Negotiation - JSON, XML та власні форматери","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fcontent-negotiation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F03.content-negotiation",{"title":1307,"path":1308,"stem":1309},"Версіонування API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-versioning","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F04.api-versioning",{"title":1311,"path":1312,"stem":1313},"ProblemDetails та структурована обробка помилок","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fproblemdetails-error-handling","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F05.problemdetails-error-handling",{"title":1315,"path":1316,"stem":1317},"Фільтри у Web API контексті","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Ffilters-for-api","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F06.filters-for-api",{"title":1319,"path":1320,"stem":1321},"Пагінація, фільтрація та сортування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fpagination-filtering-sorting","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F07.pagination-filtering-sorting",{"title":1323,"path":1324,"stem":1325},"HATEOAS та Resource Expansion","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhateoas-resource-expansion","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F08.hateoas-resource-expansion",{"title":1327,"path":1328,"stem":1329},"Гібридна архітектура - Minimal API + Controllers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fminimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F09.minimal-api-vs-controllers-hybrid",{"title":1331,"path":1332,"stem":1333},"Документація API - Swashbuckle, NSwag та генерація клієнтів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fapi-documentation-generation","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F10.api-documentation-generation",{"title":1335,"path":1336,"stem":1337},"Health Checks та моніторинг API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fhealth-checks-monitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F11.health-checks-monitoring",{"title":1339,"path":1340,"stem":1341},"Підсумковий проєкт - Production-Ready REST API","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fweb-api-project","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002F12.web-api-project",{"title":1343,"path":1344,"stem":1345},"План курсу: ASP.NET Core Web API (Controllers)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fweb-api\u002Fplan","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F12.web-api\u002Fplan",{"title":1347,"icon":1348,"path":1349,"stem":1350,"children":1351,"page":59},"Моніторинг","i-lucide-activity","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring",[1352,1356,1360],{"title":1353,"path":1354,"stem":1355},"Спостережуваність: від console.log до production-систем","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fobservability-intro","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F01.observability-intro",{"title":1357,"path":1358,"stem":1359},"Health Checks: перший рівень observability","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fhealth-checks","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F02.health-checks",{"title":1361,"path":1362,"stem":1363},"Вбудовані метрики .NET 10 та System.Diagnostics.Metrics","\u002Fcsharp\u002Faspnet\u002Fmonitoring\u002Fdotnet-metrics","01.csharp\u002F11.aspnet\u002F13.monitoring\u002F03.dotnet-metrics",{"title":1365,"icon":1366,"path":1367,"stem":1368,"children":1369,"page":59},"Desktop UI","i-lucide-app-window","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui",[1370,1374,1378,1382,1386,1390,1394,1398,1402,1406,1410,1414,1418,1422,1426,1430,1434,1438,1442,1446,1450,1454,1458,1462,1466,1470,1474,1478,1482,1486,1490,1494,1498,1502,1506,1510,1514,1518,1522,1526,1530,1534,1538,1542,1546,1550,1554,1558,1562,1566,1570,1574,1578,1582,1586,1590,1594,1598,1602,1606,1610,1614,1618,1622,1626,1630,1634,1638,1642,1646,1650],{"title":1371,"path":1372,"stem":1373},"Що таке десктопна розробка?","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwhat-is-desktop-dev","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F01.what-is-desktop-dev",{"title":1375,"path":1376,"stem":1377},"Архітектура WPF — як влаштований графічний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-architecture","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F02.wpf-architecture",{"title":1379,"path":1380,"stem":1381},"Перший WPF-проєкт — від нуля до вікна","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ffirst-wpf-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03.first-wpf-app",{"title":1383,"path":1384,"stem":1385},"Перший Avalonia-проєкт: WPF для всіх платформ","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F03a.first-avalonia-app",{"title":1387,"path":1388,"stem":1389},"XAML: декларативний інтерфейс","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04.xaml-basics",{"title":1391,"path":1392,"stem":1393},"Fluent UI у WPF — сучасний дизайн Windows 11","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04a.wpf-fluent-ui",{"title":1395,"path":1396,"stem":1397},"WPF UI — сучасна бібліотека Fluent контролів","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04b.wpf-ui-library",{"title":1399,"path":1400,"stem":1401},"HandyControl — велика бібліотека UI контролів для WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F04c.handycontrol-library",{"title":1403,"path":1404,"stem":1405},"Простори імен та ресурси XAML","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-namespaces-resources","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05.xaml-namespaces-resources",{"title":1407,"path":1408,"stem":1409},"XAML в Avalonia: ключові відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F05a.avalonia-xaml-differences",{"title":1411,"path":1412,"stem":1413},"Розширення розмітки XAML (Markup Extensions)","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fxaml-markup-extensions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F06.xaml-markup-extensions",{"title":1415,"path":1416,"stem":1417},"Панелі Layout: StackPanel, WrapPanel, DockPanel","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part1",{"title":1419,"path":1420,"stem":1421},"Grid, Canvas, UniformGrid","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-panels-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F07.layout-panels-part2",{"title":1423,"path":1424,"stem":1425},"Просунуті техніки Layout","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F08.layout-advanced",{"title":1427,"path":1428,"stem":1429},"Адаптивний Layout та найкращі практики","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Flayout-responsive","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09.layout-responsive",{"title":1431,"path":1432,"stem":1433},"Layout в Avalonia: відмінності та нові можливості","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F09a.layout-avalonia",{"title":1435,"path":1436,"stem":1437},"Button, Image, ProgressBar та інші базові контроли","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fbasic-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10.basic-controls",{"title":1439,"path":1440,"stem":1441},"Контроли в Avalonia: відмінності від WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F10a.controls-avalonia",{"title":1443,"path":1444,"stem":1445},"Текстові контроли — TextBlock, TextBox, RichTextBox","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftext-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F11.text-controls",{"title":1447,"path":1448,"stem":1449},"Контроли вибору — CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, ListBox, DatePicker","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fselection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F12.selection-controls",{"title":1451,"path":1452,"stem":1453},"Content Model — GroupBox, Expander, TabControl, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontent-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13.content-controls",{"title":1455,"path":1456,"stem":1457},"UI\u002FUX принципи десктопних застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F13a.ui-ux-principles",{"title":1459,"path":1460,"stem":1461},"Dependency Properties — Концепція та Value Resolution","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdependency-properties-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14.dependency-properties-part1",{"title":1463,"path":1464,"stem":1465},"Avalonia Property System — StyledProperty та DirectProperty","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F14a.avalonia-property-system",{"title":1467,"path":1468,"stem":1469},"Attached Properties — Властивості без меж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fattached-properties","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F15.attached-properties",{"title":1471,"path":1472,"stem":1473},"Routed Events — Маршрутизація подій у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Frouted-events","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F16.routed-events",{"title":1475,"path":1476,"stem":1477},"Data Binding — Від Code-Behind до Декларативності","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part1",{"title":1479,"path":1480,"stem":1481},"INotifyPropertyChanged — Живе оновлення UI","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-basics-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17.data-binding-basics-part2",{"title":1483,"path":1484,"stem":1485},"Compiled Bindings в Avalonia — Безпека на етапі компіляції","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F17a.avalonia-compiled-bindings",{"title":1487,"path":1488,"stem":1489},"Просунутий Data Binding — ElementName, RelativeSource, MultiBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-binding-advanced","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F18.data-binding-advanced",{"title":1491,"path":1492,"stem":1493},"Value Converters — Перетворення типів даних у Data Binding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fvalue-converters","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F19.value-converters",{"title":1495,"path":1496,"stem":1497},"Data Templates — Візуалізація об'єктів у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-templates","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F20.data-templates",{"title":1499,"path":1500,"stem":1501},"Collections Binding Part 1 — ObservableCollection та ItemsControl","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part1",{"title":1503,"path":1504,"stem":1505},"Collections Binding Part 2 — ICollectionView, Filtering, Sorting та Virtualization","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollections-binding-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F21.collections-binding-part2",{"title":1507,"path":1508,"stem":1509},"MVVM Pattern — Від Spaghetti Code до архітектури","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F22.mvvm-pattern",{"title":1511,"path":1512,"stem":1513},"ViewModel Implementation — Від BaseViewModel до валідації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-implementation","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F23.viewmodel-implementation",{"title":1515,"path":1516,"stem":1517},"Commands — Від event handlers до декларативних команд","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcommands","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F24.commands",{"title":1519,"path":1520,"stem":1521},"MVVM Toolkit — MVVM без boilerplate через Source Generators","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmvvm-toolkit","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F25.mvvm-toolkit",{"title":1523,"path":1524,"stem":1525},"Messenger Pattern — Комунікація між ViewModel без прямих посилань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmessenger-pattern","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F26.messenger-pattern",{"title":1527,"path":1528,"stem":1529},"Стилі WPF — CSS для десктопу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fstyles-basics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27.styles-basics",{"title":1531,"path":1532,"stem":1533},"CSS-like стилі Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F27a.avalonia-css-styling",{"title":1535,"path":1536,"stem":1537},"Control Templates — Частина 1. Концепція та TemplateBinding","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part1",{"title":1539,"path":1540,"stem":1541},"Control Templates — Частина 2. Named Parts та ContentPresenter","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcontrol-templates-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28.control-templates-part2",{"title":1543,"path":1544,"stem":1545},"Control Themes в Avalonia — нова ера стилізації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F28a.avalonia-control-themes",{"title":1547,"path":1548,"stem":1549},"Triggers та Visual State Manager у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftriggers-visual-states","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29.triggers-visual-states",{"title":1551,"path":1552,"stem":1553},"Pseudo-classes в Avalonia — замість WPF Triggers","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F29a.avalonia-pseudo-classes",{"title":1555,"path":1556,"stem":1557},"Теми та ресурсні словники у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fresources-themes","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30.resources-themes",{"title":1559,"path":1560,"stem":1561},"Avalonia Themes — Fluent Design та система тематизації","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F30a.avalonia-themes-fluent",{"title":1563,"path":1564,"stem":1565},"Контроли колекцій — глибоке занурення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcollection-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F31.collection-controls",{"title":1567,"path":1568,"stem":1569},"DataGrid — колонки та базове відображення","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part1",{"title":1571,"path":1572,"stem":1573},"DataGrid — сортування, фільтрація, редагування","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdatagrid-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F32.datagrid-part2",{"title":1575,"path":1576,"stem":1577},"TreeView та GridView","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Ftreeview-listview","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F33.treeview-listview",{"title":1579,"path":1580,"stem":1581},"Меню, Toolbar, ContextMenu, StatusBar","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmenus-toolbars","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F34.menus-toolbars",{"title":1583,"path":1584,"stem":1585},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 1: вікна та сторінки","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part1",{"title":1587,"path":1588,"stem":1589},"Навігація та керування вікнами. Частина 2: MVVM-навігація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fnavigation-windows-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35.navigation-windows-part2",{"title":1591,"path":1592,"stem":1593},"Avalonia — Навігація та діалоги","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F35a.avalonia-navigation-dialogs",{"title":1595,"path":1596,"stem":1597},"Діалоги та File Pickers у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdialogs-file-pickers","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F36.dialogs-file-pickers",{"title":1599,"path":1600,"stem":1601},"UserControl: компонентний підхід у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fuser-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F37.user-controls",{"title":1603,"path":1604,"stem":1605},"Custom Controls: Lookless Controls у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fcustom-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38.custom-controls",{"title":1607,"path":1608,"stem":1609},"Avalonia TemplatedControl — Lookless Controls","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F38a.avalonia-templated-controls",{"title":1611,"path":1612,"stem":1613},"Анімації у WPF: Storyboard та Easing Functions","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fanimations-transitions","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39.animations-transitions",{"title":1615,"path":1616,"stem":1617},"Анімації в Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F39a.avalonia-animations",{"title":1619,"path":1620,"stem":1621},"2D Графіка та Мультимедіа у WPF","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fmedia-graphics","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F40.media-graphics",{"title":1623,"path":1624,"stem":1625},"Dependency Injection у WPF та Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdi-integration","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F41.di-integration",{"title":1627,"path":1628,"stem":1629},"SQLite та EF Core у десктопних додатках","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part1","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F42.data-persistence-part1",{"title":1631,"path":1632,"stem":1633},"Repository Pattern та Unit of Work","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fdata-persistence-part2","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F43.data-persistence-part2",{"title":1635,"path":1636,"stem":1637},"Тестування ViewModels","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fviewmodel-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44.viewmodel-testing",{"title":1639,"path":1640,"stem":1641},"Avalonia Headless Testing — тестування UI без вікон","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F44a.avalonia-headless-testing",{"title":1643,"path":1644,"stem":1645},"Кросплатформна розробка з Avalonia","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-cross-platform","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F45.avalonia-cross-platform",{"title":1647,"path":1648,"stem":1649},"Пакування та розгортання Avalonia додатків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Favalonia-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F46.avalonia-packaging-deployment",{"title":1651,"path":1652,"stem":1653},"Розгортання WPF застосунків","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fdesktop-ui\u002Fwpf-packaging-deployment","01.csharp\u002F12.desktop-ui\u002F47.wpf-packaging-deployment",{"title":1655,"icon":658,"path":1656,"stem":1657,"children":1658,"page":59},"Network Programming","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming",[1659,1663,1667,1671,1675,1679,1683,1687,1691,1695,1699],{"title":1660,"path":1661,"stem":1662},"Основи комп'ютерних мереж","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ffoundations","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F01.foundations",{"title":1664,"path":1665,"stem":1666},"Модель OSI та стек TCP\u002FIP","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fosi-model","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F02.osi-model",{"title":1668,"path":1669,"stem":1670},"IP-протокол та адресація","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fip-addressing","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F03.ip-addressing",{"title":1672,"path":1673,"stem":1674},"UDP — протокол без з'єднання","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F05.udp",{"title":1676,"path":1677,"stem":1678},"UDP Broadcast та Multicast","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fudp-broadcast-multicast","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F06.udp-broadcast-multicast",{"title":1680,"path":1681,"stem":1682},"HTTP — протокол вебу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-fundamentals","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07.http-fundamentals",{"title":1684,"path":1685,"stem":1686},"HttpListener — вбудований HTTP-сервер .NET","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002F07a.http-listener","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F07a.http-listener",{"title":1688,"path":1689,"stem":1690},"HTTP Advanced — cookies, аутентифікація та HTTPS","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fhttp-advanced","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F08.http-advanced",{"title":1692,"path":1693,"stem":1694},"SMTP та протоколи електронної пошти","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fsmtp","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F09.smtp",{"title":1696,"path":1697,"stem":1698},"WebSocket — повнодуплексний протокол реального часу","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Fwebsockets","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F10.websockets",{"title":1700,"path":1701,"stem":1702},"TLS\u002FSSL — криптографічний захист мережевих з'єднань","\u002Fcsharp\u002Fnetwork-programming\u002Ftls-ssl","01.csharp\u002F13.network-programming\u002F11.tls-ssl",{"title":1704,"path":1705,"stem":1706},"C# & .NET: The Ultimate Roadmap","\u002Fcsharp\u002Froadmap","01.csharp\u002Froadmap",{"title":1708,"icon":1709,"path":1710,"stem":1711,"children":1712,"page":59},"C++","i-devicon-cplusplus","\u002Fcpp","02.cpp",[1713,1717,1721,1725,1729,1733,1737,1741,1745,1748,1752,1756,1760,1764,1768,1772,1776,1780,1784,1788,1792,1796,1800,1804,1808,1812,1816,1820,1824,1828,1832,1836,1840,1844,1848,1852,1856,1860,1864,1868,1872,1876,1880,1884,1888,1892,1896,1900,1904,1908,1912,1916,1920,1924,1928,1932,1936,1940,1944,1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976],{"title":1714,"path":1715,"stem":1716},"Вступ у програмування та алгоритми","\u002Fcpp\u002Fintro-algorithms","02.cpp\u002F01.intro-algorithms",{"title":1718,"path":1719,"stem":1720},"Code Style: угоди про оформлення коду","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcode-style","02.cpp\u002F02.code-style",{"title":1722,"path":1723,"stem":1724},"Середовище розробки та перший проєкт","\u002Fcpp\u002Fide-setup","02.cpp\u002F03.ide-setup",{"title":1726,"path":1727,"stem":1728},"Вивід даних на екран","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-output","02.cpp\u002F04.data-output",{"title":1730,"path":1731,"stem":1732},"Типи даних, змінні та константи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-types-variables","02.cpp\u002F05.data-types-variables",{"title":1734,"path":1735,"stem":1736},"Ввід даних з клавіатури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdata-input","02.cpp\u002F06.data-input",{"title":1738,"path":1739,"stem":1740},"Оператори, перетворення типів та логічні операції","\u002Fcpp\u002Foperators-type-conversion","02.cpp\u002F07.operators-type-conversion",{"title":1742,"path":1743,"stem":1744},"Цикли","\u002Fcpp\u002Floops","02.cpp\u002F08.loops",{"title":32,"path":1746,"stem":1747},"\u002Fcpp\u002Farrays","02.cpp\u002F09.arrays",{"title":1749,"path":1750,"stem":1751},"Алгоритми сортування та аналіз складності","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsorting","02.cpp\u002F10.sorting",{"title":1753,"path":1754,"stem":1755},"Алгоритми пошуку","\u002Fcpp\u002Fsearching","02.cpp\u002F11.searching",{"title":1757,"path":1758,"stem":1759},"Функції: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-basics","02.cpp\u002F12.functions-basics",{"title":1761,"path":1762,"stem":1763},"Функції: прототипи, область видимості та додаткові можливості","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-scope","02.cpp\u002F13.functions-scope",{"title":1765,"path":1766,"stem":1767},"Функції: перевантаження та шаблони","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunctions-overloading-templates","02.cpp\u002F14.functions-overloading-templates",{"title":1769,"path":1770,"stem":1771},"Вказівники: основи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-basics","02.cpp\u002F15.pointers-basics",{"title":1773,"path":1774,"stem":1775},"Посилання (References)","\u002Fcpp\u002Freferences","02.cpp\u002F16.references",{"title":1777,"path":1778,"stem":1779},"Вказівники, const і масиви","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-const-arrays","02.cpp\u002F17.pointers-const-arrays",{"title":1781,"path":1782,"stem":1783},"Адресна арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointer-arithmetic","02.cpp\u002F18.pointer-arithmetic",{"title":1785,"path":1786,"stem":1787},"Динамічна пам'ять","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdynamic-memory","02.cpp\u002F19.dynamic-memory",{"title":1789,"path":1790,"stem":1791},"Вказівники типу void","\u002Fcpp\u002Fvoid-pointers","02.cpp\u002F20.void-pointers",{"title":1793,"path":1794,"stem":1795},"Вказівники на вказівники","\u002Fcpp\u002Fpointers-to-pointers","02.cpp\u002F21.pointers-to-pointers",{"title":1797,"path":1798,"stem":1799},"Оператор доступу до членів через вказівник (->)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmember-access-operator","02.cpp\u002F22.member-access-operator",{"title":1801,"path":1802,"stem":1803},"Цикл for-each (Range-based for)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fforeach-loop","02.cpp\u002F23.foreach-loop",{"title":1805,"path":1806,"stem":1807},"Вказівники на функції","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffunction-pointers","02.cpp\u002F24.function-pointers",{"title":1809,"path":1810,"stem":1811},"Лямбда-вирази","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambdas","02.cpp\u002F25.lambdas",{"title":1813,"path":1814,"stem":1815},"Лямбда-захоплення","\u002Fcpp\u002Flambda-captures","02.cpp\u002F26.lambda-captures",{"title":1817,"path":1818,"stem":1819},"Еліпсис","\u002Fcpp\u002Fellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27.ellipsis",{"title":1821,"path":1822,"stem":1823},"Безпечні альтернативи еліпсису","\u002Fcpp\u002F27a.ellipsis","02.cpp\u002F27a.ellipsis",{"title":1825,"path":1826,"stem":1827},"Аргументи командного рядка","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcommand-line-arguments","02.cpp\u002F28.command-line-arguments",{"title":1829,"path":1830,"stem":1831},"Перерахування (enum)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum","02.cpp\u002F29.enum",{"title":1833,"path":1834,"stem":1835},"Класи-перерахування (enum class)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fenum-class","02.cpp\u002F30.enum-class",{"title":1837,"path":1838,"stem":1839},"Псевдоніми типів (typedef і using)","\u002Fcpp\u002Ftype-aliases","02.cpp\u002F31.type-aliases",{"title":1841,"path":1842,"stem":1843},"Системи числення та двійкова арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Fnumber-systems","02.cpp\u002F32.number-systems",{"title":1845,"path":1846,"stem":1847},"Структури (struct): агрегування даних","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct","02.cpp\u002F33.struct",{"title":1849,"path":1850,"stem":1851},"Структури у функціях","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-functions","02.cpp\u002F34.struct-functions",{"title":1853,"path":1854,"stem":1855},"Масиви структур і вкладені структури","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-arrays","02.cpp\u002F35.struct-arrays",{"title":1857,"path":1858,"stem":1859},"Патерни struct та межі застосування","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstruct-patterns","02.cpp\u002F36.struct-patterns",{"title":1861,"path":1862,"stem":1863},"Символи та таблиця ASCII","\u002Fcpp\u002Fascii-characters","02.cpp\u002F37.ascii-characters",{"title":1865,"path":1866,"stem":1867},"Unicode та кодування UTF","\u002Fcpp\u002Funicode-utf","02.cpp\u002F38.unicode-utf",{"title":1869,"path":1870,"stem":1871},"C-style рядки","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-strings","02.cpp\u002F39.c-strings",{"title":1873,"path":1874,"stem":1875},"Вступ до std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-intro","02.cpp\u002F40.std-string-intro",{"title":1877,"path":1878,"stem":1879},"Довжина, ємність та доступ до символів std::string","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-capacity-access","02.cpp\u002F41.std-string-capacity-access",{"title":1881,"path":1882,"stem":1883},"Модифікація std::string: присвоювання, додавання, вставка, видалення та заміна","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-modification","02.cpp\u002F42.std-string-modification",{"title":1885,"path":1886,"stem":1887},"Пошук у std::string: find, npos та практичні патерни","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-search","02.cpp\u002F43.std-string-search",{"title":1889,"path":1890,"stem":1891},"std::string_view: невласницький погляд на рядок без копіювання","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstd-string-view","02.cpp\u002F44.std-string-view",{"title":1893,"path":1894,"stem":1895},"Об'єднання (union): один блок пам'яті, кілька інтерпретацій","\u002Fcpp\u002Funion","02.cpp\u002F45.union",{"title":1897,"path":1898,"stem":1899},"Організація коду: файли, препроцесор, простори імен","\u002Fcpp\u002Fmultifile-programs","02.cpp\u002F46.multifile-programs",{"title":1901,"path":1902,"stem":1903},"Робота з файлами: C-стиль (stdio.h)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fc-style-files","02.cpp\u002F47.c-style-files",{"title":1905,"path":1906,"stem":1907},"Робота з файлами: C++-стиль (fstream)","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcpp-style-files","02.cpp\u002F48.cpp-style-files",{"title":1909,"path":1910,"stem":1911},"Введення в ООП: від процедур до об'єктів","\u002Fcpp\u002Foop-intro","02.cpp\u002F49.oop-intro",{"title":1913,"path":1914,"stem":1915},"Класи, об'єкти та методи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fclasses-objects-methods","02.cpp\u002F50.classes-objects-methods",{"title":1917,"path":1918,"stem":1919},"Специфікатори доступу та інкапсуляція","\u002Fcpp\u002Faccess-specifiers-encapsulation","02.cpp\u002F51.access-specifiers-encapsulation",{"title":1921,"path":1922,"stem":1923},"Конструктори: гарантована ініціалізація об'єктів","\u002Fcpp\u002Fconstructors","02.cpp\u002F52.constructors",{"title":1925,"path":1926,"stem":1927},"Списки ініціалізації та делегуючі конструктори","\u002Fcpp\u002Finit-lists-delegating","02.cpp\u002F53.init-lists-delegating",{"title":1929,"path":1930,"stem":1931},"Деструктори та ідіома RAII","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdestructors-raii","02.cpp\u002F54.destructors-raii",{"title":1933,"path":1934,"stem":1935},"Прихований покажчик this","\u002Fcpp\u002Fthis-pointer","02.cpp\u002F55.this-pointer",{"title":1937,"path":1938,"stem":1939},"Розподіл класу на заголовковий файл та файл реалізації","\u002Fcpp\u002Fclass-header-source","02.cpp\u002F56.class-header-source",{"title":1941,"path":1942,"stem":1943},"Класи та const","\u002Fcpp\u002Fconst-classes","02.cpp\u002F57.const-classes",{"title":1945,"path":1946,"stem":1947},"Статичні члени класу","\u002Fcpp\u002Fstatic-members","02.cpp\u002F58.static-members",{"title":1949,"path":1950,"stem":1951},"Конструктор копіювання та запобігання копіюванню","\u002Fcpp\u002Fcopy-constructor","02.cpp\u002F59.copy-constructor",{"title":1953,"path":1954,"stem":1955},"Дружні функції та класи","\u002Fcpp\u002Ffriend-functions-classes","02.cpp\u002F60.friend-functions-classes",{"title":1957,"path":1958,"stem":1959},"Анонімні об'єкти та вкладені типи","\u002Fcpp\u002Fanonymous-objects-nested-types","02.cpp\u002F61.anonymous-objects-nested-types",{"title":1961,"path":1962,"stem":1963},"Вимірювання часу виконання: RAII-таймер","\u002Fcpp\u002Ftiming-raii-timer","02.cpp\u002F62.timing-raii-timer",{"title":1965,"path":1966,"stem":1967},"Перевантаження операторів: основи та арифметика","\u002Fcpp\u002Foperator-overloading-basics","02.cpp\u002F63.operator-overloading-basics",{"title":1969,"path":1970,"stem":1971},"Перевантаження операторів: методи класу та спеціальні оператори","\u002Fcpp\u002Foperator-overloading-methods","02.cpp\u002F64.operator-overloading-methods",{"title":1973,"path":1974,"stem":1975},"Приведення типів, explicit та delete","\u002Fcpp\u002Ftypecast-explicit-delete","02.cpp\u002F65.typecast-explicit-delete",{"title":1977,"path":1978,"stem":1979},"Глибоке копіювання та оператор присвоювання","\u002Fcpp\u002Fdeep-copy-assignment","02.cpp\u002F66.deep-copy-assignment",{"title":1981,"icon":1982,"path":1983,"stem":1984,"children":1985,"page":59},"JavaScript","i-devicon-javascript","\u002Fjavascript","03.javascript",[1986,2012,2066,2088,2392,2430,2448],{"title":1987,"icon":1988,"path":1989,"stem":1990,"children":1991,"page":59},"Events","i-lucide-mouse-pointer-click","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents","03.javascript\u002F01.events",[1992,1996,2000,2004,2008],{"title":1993,"path":1994,"stem":1995},"Вступ до подій браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fintro","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F01.intro",{"title":1997,"path":1998,"stem":1999},"Бульбашковий механізм (Bubbling) та занурення (Capturing)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fbubbling-capturing","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F02.bubbling-capturing",{"title":2001,"path":2002,"stem":2003},"Делегування подій (Event Delegation)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fdelegate-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F03.delegate-events",{"title":2005,"path":2006,"stem":2007},"Типові дії браузера та preventDefault()","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fprevent-default","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F04.prevent-default",{"title":2009,"path":2010,"stem":2011},"Запуск користувацьких подій (Custom Events)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fevents\u002Fcustom-events","03.javascript\u002F01.events\u002F05.custom-events",{"title":2013,"icon":2014,"path":2015,"stem":2016,"children":2017,"page":59},"Network","i-lucide-globe","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork","03.javascript\u002F02.network",[2018,2022,2026,2030,2034,2038,2042,2046,2050,2054,2058,2062],{"title":2019,"path":2020,"stem":2021},"Fetch API - Сучасний підхід до HTTP-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F01-fetch-api","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F01-fetch-api",{"title":2023,"path":2024,"stem":2025},"FormData - Робота з формами та файлами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F02-formdata","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F02-formdata",{"title":2027,"path":2028,"stem":2029},"Відстеження прогресу завантаження","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F03-download-progress","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F03-download-progress",{"title":2031,"path":2032,"stem":2033},"Переривання fetch-запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F04-abort-requests","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F04-abort-requests",{"title":2035,"path":2036,"stem":2037},"CORS - Запити між різними джерелами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F05-cors","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F05-cors",{"title":2039,"path":2040,"stem":2041},"Fetch API - Повний довідник опцій","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F06-fetch-options","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F06-fetch-options",{"title":2043,"path":2044,"stem":2045},"URL Objects - Робота з посиланнями","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F07-url-objects","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F07-url-objects",{"title":2047,"path":2048,"stem":2049},"XMLHttpRequest - AJAX та низькорівневі запити","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F08-xmlhttprequest","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F08-xmlhttprequest",{"title":2051,"path":2052,"stem":2053},"Відновлюване завантаження файлів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F09-resumable-upload","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F09-resumable-upload",{"title":2055,"path":2056,"stem":2057},"Cookies, document.cookie та світ після \"Cookiepocalypse\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F10-cookies","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F10-cookies",{"title":2059,"path":2060,"stem":2061},"js-cookie: Керування Cookies без Болю","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F11-js-cookie","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F11-js-cookie",{"title":2063,"path":2064,"stem":2065},"Axios: Потужний HTTP-клієнт для JavaScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fnetwork\u002F12-axios","03.javascript\u002F02.network\u002F12-axios",{"title":2067,"icon":2068,"path":2069,"stem":2070,"children":2071,"page":59},"Bom","i-lucide-monitor","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom","03.javascript\u002F03.bom",[2072,2076,2080,2084],{"title":2073,"path":2074,"stem":2075},"LocalStorage, SessionStorage та patterns збереження даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F01-localstorage","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F01-localstorage",{"title":2077,"path":2078,"stem":2079},"Location Object - Керування адресою сторінки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F02-location-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F02-location-object",{"title":2081,"path":2082,"stem":2083},"History API - Керування історією браузера","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F03-history-api","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F03-history-api",{"title":2085,"path":2086,"stem":2087},"Navigator Object - Ідентифікація та Можливості Пристрою","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fbom\u002F04-navigator-object","03.javascript\u002F03.bom\u002F04-navigator-object",{"title":2089,"icon":2090,"path":2091,"stem":2092,"children":2093},"React","i-devicon-react","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002Findex",[2094,2095,2099,2103,2107,2111,2174,2209,2361],{"title":2089,"path":2091,"stem":2092},{"title":2096,"path":2097,"stem":2098},"Робота з Формами в React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F01.react-forms",{"title":2100,"path":2101,"stem":2102},"React Hook Form: Професійна Робота з Формами","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form",{"title":2104,"path":2105,"stem":2106},"React Hook Form: Глибоке Розуміння Архітектури та Оптимізації","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-hook-form-new","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F02.react-hook-form-new",{"title":2108,"path":2109,"stem":2110},"Axios та React: Професійна Архітектура Запитів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fdata-fetching-axios","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F03.data-fetching-axios",{"title":2112,"icon":132,"path":2113,"stem":2114,"children":2115},"Tanstack Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002Findex",[2116,2118,2122,2126,2130,2134,2138,2142,2146,2150,2154,2158,2162,2166,2170],{"title":2117,"path":2113,"stem":2114},"TanStack Query: Майстерність Керування Станом Сервера",{"title":2119,"path":2120,"stem":2121},"Парадигма Server State: Чому useEffect недостатньо","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-state-paradigm","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F01.server-state-paradigm",{"title":2123,"path":2124,"stem":2125},"Встановлення та Налаштування: Фундамент","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Finstallation-and-devtools","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F02.installation-and-devtools",{"title":2127,"path":2128,"stem":2129},"Основи Запитів та Магія Ключів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fquery-basics-and-keys","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F03.query-basics-and-keys",{"title":2131,"path":2132,"stem":2133},"Синхронізація Даних: Життєвий Цикл Запиту","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fdata-synchronization","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F04.data-synchronization",{"title":2135,"path":2136,"stem":2137},"Мутації та Інвалідація: Зміна Даних","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fmutations-and-invalidation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F05.mutations-and-invalidation",{"title":2139,"path":2140,"stem":2141},"Оптимістичні Оновлення: Швидше за Світло","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2143,"path":2144,"stem":2145},"Пагінація та Infinite Scroll","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fpagination-and-load-more","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F07.pagination-and-load-more",{"title":2147,"path":2148,"stem":2149},"Просунуті Патерни та Оптимізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F08.advanced-patterns",{"title":2151,"path":2152,"stem":2153},"Архітектура та Best Practices","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Farchitecture-and-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F09.architecture-and-best-practices",{"title":2155,"path":2156,"stem":2157},"Server-Side Rendering (SSR) та Гідратація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fserver-side-rendering","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F10.server-side-rendering",{"title":2159,"path":2160,"stem":2161},"Стратегії Тестування","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Ftesting-strategies","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F11.testing-strategies",{"title":2163,"path":2164,"stem":2165},"Аутентифікація та Обробка Помилок","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fauthentication-and-errors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F12.authentication-and-errors",{"title":2167,"path":2168,"stem":2169},"React Suspense та Майбутнє","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Freact-suspense","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F13.react-suspense",{"title":2171,"path":2172,"stem":2173},"Глибоке Занурення в Продуктивність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Ftanstack-query\u002Fperformance-deep-dive","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F04.tanstack-query\u002F14.performance-deep-dive",{"title":2175,"icon":2090,"path":2176,"stem":2177,"children":2178},"React Router","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002Findex",[2179,2181,2185,2189,2193,2197,2201,2205],{"title":2180,"path":2176,"stem":2177},"React Router: Навігаційна система сучасного вебу",{"title":2182,"path":2183,"stem":2184},"Налаштування та Базовий Роутинг","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fsetup-and-basic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F01.setup-and-basic-routing",{"title":2186,"path":2187,"stem":2188},"Динамічна Навігація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnavigation-and-links","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F02.navigation-and-links",{"title":2190,"path":2191,"stem":2192},"Вкладені Маршрути та Макети","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fnested-routes-and-layouts","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F03.nested-routes-and-layouts",{"title":2194,"path":2195,"stem":2196},"Динамічні Маршрути та Параметри","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdynamic-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F04.dynamic-routing",{"title":2198,"path":2199,"stem":2200},"Data APIs: Loaders та Actions","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fdata-loading","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F05.data-loading",{"title":2202,"path":2203,"stem":2204},"Просунуті Патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Fadvanced-patterns","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F06.advanced-patterns",{"title":2206,"path":2207,"stem":2208},"Legacy Routing: Компонентний підхід","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Freact-router\u002Flegacy-routing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F05.react-router\u002F07.legacy-routing",{"title":2210,"icon":132,"path":2211,"stem":2212,"children":2213},"Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002Findex",[2214,2216,2232,2261,2270,2291,2307,2336],{"title":2215,"path":2211,"stem":2212},"Redux: Еволюція управління станом",{"title":14,"icon":15,"path":2217,"stem":2218,"children":2219,"page":59},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals",[2220,2224,2228],{"title":2221,"path":2222,"stem":2223},"Вступ до State Management","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fintro-state-management","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F01.intro-state-management",{"title":2225,"path":2226,"stem":2227},"Філософія Redux та Три Принципи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fredux-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F02.redux-philosophy",{"title":2229,"path":2230,"stem":2231},"Чисті функції та Іммутабельність","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ffundamentals\u002Fpure-functions-immutability","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F01.fundamentals\u002F03.pure-functions-immutability",{"title":2233,"icon":132,"path":2234,"stem":2235,"children":2236,"page":59},"Classic Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux",[2237,2241,2245,2249,2253,2257],{"title":2238,"path":2239,"stem":2240},"Створення Store (Classic Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fstore-setup","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F01.store-setup",{"title":2242,"path":2243,"stem":2244},"Actions, Constants та Action Creators","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Factions-constants","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F02.actions-constants",{"title":2246,"path":2247,"stem":2248},"Логіка Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F03.reducers",{"title":2250,"path":2251,"stem":2252},"Комбінування Reducers (Root Reducer)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fdata-flow","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F04.data-flow",{"title":2254,"path":2255,"stem":2256},"Підключення до React (React-Redux)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Freact-redux-connection","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F05.react-redux-connection",{"title":2258,"path":2259,"stem":2260},"Middleware та Асинхронність (Redux Thunk)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fclassic-redux\u002Fmiddleware-thunk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F02.classic-redux\u002F06.middleware-thunk",{"title":2262,"icon":132,"path":2263,"stem":2264,"children":2265,"page":59},"Transition To Rtk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk",[2266],{"title":2267,"path":2268,"stem":2269},"Проблеми класичного Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftransition-to-rtk\u002Fproblems-with-classic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F03.transition-to-rtk\u002F01.problems-with-classic",{"title":2271,"icon":132,"path":2272,"stem":2273,"children":2274,"page":59},"Redux Toolkit","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit",[2275,2279,2283,2287],{"title":2276,"path":2277,"stem":2278},"Налаштування Store з configureStore","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fconfigure-store","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F01.configure-store",{"title":2280,"path":2281,"stem":2282},"createSlice: Революція в Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fcreate-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F02.create-slice",{"title":2284,"path":2285,"stem":2286},"Асинхронність з createAsyncThunk","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fasync-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F03.async-thunks",{"title":2288,"path":2289,"stem":2290},"04. Entity Adapter: Керування нормалізованим станом","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fredux-toolkit\u002Fentity-adapter","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F04.redux-toolkit\u002F04.entity-adapter",{"title":2292,"icon":92,"path":2293,"stem":2294,"children":2295,"page":59},"Advanced","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced",[2296,2300,2304],{"title":2297,"path":2298,"stem":2299},"Мемоізація та Селектори: Повний Гайд по Reselect","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Fselectors-reselect","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F01.selectors-reselect",{"title":2301,"path":2302,"stem":2303},"RTK Query: Архітектура Серверного Кешу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Frtk-query-intro","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F02.rtk-query-intro",{"title":2151,"path":2305,"stem":2306},"\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fadvanced\u002Farchitecture-best-practices","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F05.advanced\u002F03.architecture-best-practices",{"title":2308,"icon":132,"path":2309,"stem":2310,"children":2311,"page":59},"Project Kanban","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban",[2312,2316,2320,2324,2328,2332],{"title":2313,"path":2314,"stem":2315},"Проєкт: Kanban Board (Trello Clone)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fproject-overview","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F01.project-overview",{"title":2317,"path":2318,"stem":2319},"Налаштування та Типізація","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fsetup-and-types","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F02.setup-and-types",{"title":2321,"path":2322,"stem":2323},"Board Slice: Серце Дошки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fboard-slice","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F03.board-slice",{"title":2325,"path":2326,"stem":2327},"Логіка Drag & Drop","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Fdrag-and-drop-logic","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F04.drag-and-drop-logic",{"title":2329,"path":2330,"stem":2331},"Інтеграція з RTK Query","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Frtk-query-integration","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F05.rtk-query-integration",{"title":2333,"path":2334,"stem":2335},"Optimistic Updates","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Fproject-kanban\u002Foptimistic-updates","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F06.project-kanban\u002F06.optimistic-updates",{"title":2337,"icon":132,"path":2338,"stem":2339,"children":2340,"page":59},"Testing","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing",[2341,2345,2349,2353,2357],{"title":2342,"path":2343,"stem":2344},"Тестування Redux","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Fintro-testing","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F01.intro-testing",{"title":2346,"path":2347,"stem":2348},"Тестування Reducers","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-reducers","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F02.testing-reducers",{"title":2350,"path":2351,"stem":2352},"Тестування Селекторів","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-selectors","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F03.testing-selectors",{"title":2354,"path":2355,"stem":2356},"Тестування Компонентів (Integration)","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-components","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F04.testing-components",{"title":2358,"path":2359,"stem":2360},"Тестування Async Thunks","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fredux\u002Ftesting\u002Ftesting-thunks","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F06.redux\u002F07.testing\u002F05.testing-thunks",{"title":2362,"icon":132,"path":2363,"stem":2364,"children":2365},"Ui Libraries","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002Findex",[2366,2368,2372,2376,2380,2384,2388],{"title":2367,"path":2363,"stem":2364},"UI Бібліотеки в React",{"title":2369,"path":2370,"stem":2371},"Вступ до UI Бібліотек: Навіщо Винаходити Велосипед Двічі?","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fintroduction-to-ui-libraries","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F01.introduction-to-ui-libraries",{"title":2373,"path":2374,"stem":2375},"Філософія shadcn\u002Fui: \"Not a Component Library\"","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-philosophy","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F02.shadcn-philosophy",{"title":2377,"path":2378,"stem":2379},"Установка та Налаштування shadcn\u002Fui","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-installation","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F03.shadcn-installation",{"title":2381,"path":2382,"stem":2383},"Базові Компоненти shadcn\u002Fui: Фундамент Інтерфейсу","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-basics","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F04.shadcn-components-basics",{"title":2385,"path":2386,"stem":2387},"Компоненти Форм: Побудова Інтерактивних Form","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-forms","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F05.shadcn-components-forms",{"title":2389,"path":2390,"stem":2391},"Складні Компоненти: Dialog, Dropdown, Table та Command","\u002Fjavascript\u002Freact\u002Fui-libraries\u002Fshadcn-components-advanced","03.javascript\u002F04.react\u002F07.ui-libraries\u002F06.shadcn-components-advanced",{"title":2393,"icon":2394,"path":2395,"stem":2396,"children":2397,"page":59},"TypeScript","i-devicon-typescript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript",[2398,2402,2406,2410,2414,2418,2422,2426],{"title":2399,"path":2400,"stem":2401},"TypeScript: Броня для вашого коду","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fintro-and-basic-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F01.intro-and-basic-types",{"title":2403,"path":2404,"stem":2405},"Майстерність Моделювання Даних: Інтерфейси та Просунуті Типи","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Finterfaces-and-advanced-types","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F02.interfaces-and-advanced-types",{"title":2407,"path":2408,"stem":2409},"Алхімія Типів: Generics та Utility Types","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fgenerics-and-utilities","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F03.generics-and-utilities",{"title":2411,"path":2412,"stem":2413},"Архітектура та Шаблони: Класи в TypeScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fclasses-and-oop","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F04.classes-and-oop",{"title":2415,"path":2416,"stem":2417},"Продакшн та Екосистема: Advanced Config & Workflow","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Fadvanced-patterns-and-config","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F05.advanced-patterns-and-config",{"title":2419,"path":2420,"stem":2421},"TypeScript у світі React","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-basics","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F06.react-basics",{"title":2423,"path":2424,"stem":2425},"React + TypeScript: Продвинуті патерни","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-advanced","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F07.react-advanced",{"title":2427,"path":2428,"stem":2429},"React + TypeScript: Екосистема та бібліотеки","\u002Fjavascript\u002Ftypescript\u002Freact-ecosystem","03.javascript\u002F05.typescript\u002F08.react-ecosystem",{"title":2431,"icon":2432,"path":2433,"stem":2434,"children":2435,"page":59},"Асинхронність","i-lucide-refresh-cw","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fasync-programming","03.javascript\u002F06.async-programming",[2436,2440,2444],{"title":2437,"path":2438,"stem":2439},"Event Loop: серце асинхронності в JavaScript","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fasync-programming\u002Fevent-loop-fundamentals","03.javascript\u002F06.async-programming\u002F01.event-loop-fundamentals",{"title":2441,"path":2442,"stem":2443},"Task Queue та Microtask Queue: пріоритети виконання","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fasync-programming\u002Ftask-queues","03.javascript\u002F06.async-programming\u002F02.task-queues",{"title":2445,"path":2446,"stem":2447},"Асинхронні патерни: від Callbacks до Async\u002FAwait","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fasync-programming\u002Fasync-patterns","03.javascript\u002F06.async-programming\u002F03.async-patterns",{"title":2449,"path":2450,"stem":2451},"Atomic Design","\u002Fjavascript\u002Fatomic-design","03.javascript\u002F2.atomic-design",{"title":2453,"icon":2454,"path":2455,"stem":2456,"children":2457,"page":59},"Java","i-devicon-java","\u002Fjava","04.java",[2458,2461,2464,2468,2472,2476,2480],{"title":162,"path":2459,"stem":2460},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part1","04.java\u002F01.data-mapper-part1",{"title":166,"path":2462,"stem":2463},"\u002Fjava\u002Fdata-mapper-part2","04.java\u002F02.data-mapper-part2",{"title":2465,"path":2466,"stem":2467},"Service Layer: Організація бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fservice-layer","04.java\u002F03.service-layer",{"title":2469,"path":2470,"stem":2471},"Rich Domain Model та State Pattern","\u002Fjava\u002Frich-domain-model","04.java\u002F04.rich-domain-model",{"title":2473,"path":2474,"stem":2475},"Патерни для складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fjava\u002Fbusiness-logic-patterns","04.java\u002F05.business-logic-patterns",{"title":2477,"path":2478,"stem":2479},"Обробка помилок та валідація","\u002Fjava\u002Ferror-handling-validation","04.java\u002F06.error-handling-validation",{"title":2481,"path":2482,"stem":2483,"children":2484,"page":59},"Проектування баз даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2","04.java\u002Fpr2",[2485,2489,2493,2497,2501,2505,2509,2513,2517,2521,2525,2529,2533,2537,2541,2545,2549,2553,2557,2561,2565,2569,2573,2577,2581,2585,2589,2593,2597,2601,2605,2609,2613,2617,2621,2625,2629],{"title":2486,"path":2487,"stem":2488},"Концептуальне моделювання: Мистецтво розуміння предметної області","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconceptual-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F01.conceptual-modeling",{"title":2490,"path":2491,"stem":2492},"Логічне моделювання: Від бізнес-ідей до структур даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Flogical-modeling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F02.logical-modeling",{"title":2494,"path":2495,"stem":2496},"Нормалізація: Гігієна даних та боротьба з аномаліями","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fnormalization","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F03.normalization",{"title":2498,"path":2499,"stem":2500},"Фізична схема: Від абстракції до DDL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fphysical-schema","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F04.physical-schema",{"title":2502,"path":2503,"stem":2504},"Архітектурна класифікація таблиць","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-classification","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2506,"path":2507,"stem":2508},"Database Migrations: Версіонування схеми з Flyway","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdatabase-migrations","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F06.database-migrations",{"title":2510,"path":2511,"stem":2512},"А що, якби це була не реляційна БД?","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fbeyond-relational","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F07.beyond-relational",{"title":2514,"path":2515,"stem":2516},"Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch: Два світи, що не хочуть дружити","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fimpedance-mismatch","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F09.impedance-mismatch",{"title":2518,"path":2519,"stem":2520},"JDBC: Перший контакт із базою даних","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjdbc-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10.jdbc-fundamentals",{"title":2522,"path":2523,"stem":2524},"Якість коду: Spotless, SpotBugs та SonarQube","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F10a.code-quality",{"title":2526,"path":2527,"stem":2528},"Connection Pool: Патерн Object Pool для JDBC-з'єднань","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fconnection-pool","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F11.connection-pool",{"title":2530,"path":2531,"stem":2532},"Row Data Gateway: Об'єкт як обгортка рядка таблиці","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frow-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F12.row-data-gateway",{"title":2534,"path":2535,"stem":2536},"Table Data Gateway: Фасад таблиці як архітектурний відступ","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Ftable-data-gateway","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F13.table-data-gateway",{"title":2538,"path":2539,"stem":2540},"Repository + Data Mapper: Правильна шарова архітектура з JDBC","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Frepository-data-mapper","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F14.repository-data-mapper",{"title":2542,"path":2543,"stem":2544},"Identity Map: Кешування сутностей у рамках сесії","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fidentity-map","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F15.identity-map",{"title":2546,"path":2547,"stem":2548},"Unit of Work: Відстеження змін і координація JDBC-транзакцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Funit-of-work","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F16.unit-of-work",{"title":2550,"path":2551,"stem":2552},"Strategy: Замінювані SQL-стратегії для підтримки різних СУБД","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fstrategy-sql","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F17.strategy-sql",{"title":2554,"path":2555,"stem":2556},"Proxy: Lazy Loading для One-To-Many колекцій","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fproxy-lazy-loading","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F18.proxy-lazy-loading",{"title":2558,"path":2559,"stem":2560},"Generic Repository через Java Reflection: анотації та динамічний SQL","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fgeneric-repository-reflection","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F19.generic-repository-reflection",{"title":2562,"path":2563,"stem":2564},"Specification Pattern: Композиція бізнес-правил для складних запитів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fspecification-pattern","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20.specification-pattern",{"title":2566,"path":2567,"stem":2568},"Розширені можливості Specification Pattern: підзапити, агрегації та гібридний підхід","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F20a.advanced-specifications",{"title":2570,"path":2571,"stem":2572},"Асинхронність у JDBC: Від блокуючих викликів до CompletableFuture","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fasynchronous-jdbc","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F21.asynchronous-jdbc",{"title":2574,"path":2575,"stem":2576},"Інтеграційне тестування JDBC-репозиторіїв: Embedded H2 та патерн AAA","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-h2","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F22.integration-testing-h2",{"title":2578,"path":2579,"stem":2580},"Testcontainers: Тестування з реальною PostgreSQL у Docker-контейнерах","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fintegration-testing-testcontainers","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F23.integration-testing-testcontainers",{"title":2582,"path":2583,"stem":2584},"Google Guice: Впровадження залежностей у JavaFX-проєкті","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fdependency-injection-guice","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F24.dependency-injection-guice",{"title":2586,"path":2587,"stem":2588},"JavaFX: Основи побудови графічних інтерфейсів","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-fundamentals","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F25.javafx-fundamentals",{"title":2590,"path":2591,"stem":2592},"Properties та Bindings: Реактивність у JavaFX","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-properties-bindings","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F26.javafx-properties-bindings",{"title":2594,"path":2595,"stem":2596},"MVC vs MVP vs MVVM: Еволюція архітектурних патернів UI","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fui-architecture-patterns","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F27.ui-architecture-patterns",{"title":2598,"path":2599,"stem":2600},"MVVM на практиці: Побудова ViewModel","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-viewmodel-implementation","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F28.mvvm-viewmodel-implementation",{"title":2602,"path":2603,"stem":2604},"View та Controller: Зв'язування з ViewModel через FXML","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-view-controller","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F29.mvvm-view-controller",{"title":2606,"path":2607,"stem":2608},"Інтеграція MVVM з Guice: Автоматична ін'єкція залежностей","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-guice-integration","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F30.mvvm-guice-integration",{"title":2610,"path":2611,"stem":2612},"Валідація та обробка помилок у MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-validation-error-handling","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F31.mvvm-validation-error-handling",{"title":2614,"path":2615,"stem":2616},"Навігація та управління екранами у JavaFX MVVM","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-navigation-screen-management","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F32.mvvm-navigation-screen-management",{"title":2618,"path":2619,"stem":2620},"Тестування JavaFX MVVM-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fmvvm-testing","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F33.mvvm-testing",{"title":2622,"path":2623,"stem":2624},"Стилізація та теми у JavaFX: CSS та User Experience","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjavafx-styling-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F34.javafx-styling-themes",{"title":2626,"path":2627,"stem":2628},"AtlantaFX: Сучасні теми для JavaFX додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fatlantafx-modern-themes","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F35.atlantafx-modern-themes",{"title":2630,"path":2631,"stem":2632},"Пакування та розповсюдження JavaFX-додатків","\u002Fjava\u002Fpr2\u002Fjar-packaging-distribution","04.java\u002Fpr2\u002F36.jar-packaging-distribution",{"title":2634,"icon":2635,"path":2636,"stem":2637,"children":2638,"page":59},"Python","i-devicon-python","\u002Fpython","05.python",[2639,2643,2646,2650,2654,2658,2662,2666,2670,2674,2678,2682,2686,2690,2694,2755],{"title":2640,"path":2641,"stem":2642},"Модулі, Пакети та Віртуальні Середовища","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodules-packages-venv","05.python\u002F00.modules-packages-venv",{"title":71,"path":2644,"stem":2645},"\u002Fpython\u002Fclasses-objects","05.python\u002F01.classes-objects",{"title":2647,"path":2648,"stem":2649},"Інкапсуляція, Керування Доступом та Властивості","\u002Fpython\u002Fencapsulation","05.python\u002F02.encapsulation",{"title":2651,"path":2652,"stem":2653},"Наслідування, MRO та суперсила super()","\u002Fpython\u002Finheritance-mro","05.python\u002F03.inheritance-mro",{"title":2655,"path":2656,"stem":2657},"Абстракція — ABC проти Статичних Протоколів (PEP 544)","\u002Fpython\u002Fabstraction-protocols","05.python\u002F04.abstraction-protocols",{"title":2659,"path":2660,"stem":2661},"Магічні методи (Dunder) та Емуляція протоколів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdunder-methods","05.python\u002F05.dunder-methods",{"title":2663,"path":2664,"stem":2665},"Декоратори та Керування життєвим циклом методів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdecorators-static-class","05.python\u002F06.decorators-static-class",{"title":2667,"path":2668,"stem":2669},"Дескриптори — Магія доступу до атрибутів","\u002Fpython\u002Fdescriptors","05.python\u002F07.descriptors",{"title":2671,"path":2672,"stem":2673},"Метакласи — Динамічне створення класів під капотом CPython","\u002Fpython\u002Fmetaclasses","05.python\u002F08.metaclasses",{"title":2675,"path":2676,"stem":2677},"Dataclasses, NamedTuple та сучасні контейнери Python","\u002Fpython\u002Fmodern-containers","05.python\u002F09.modern-containers",{"title":2679,"path":2680,"stem":2681},"GIL та модель конкурентності CPython — фундамент перед потоками і процесами","\u002Fpython\u002Fgil-concurrency-intro","05.python\u002F11.gil-concurrency-intro",{"title":2683,"path":2684,"stem":2685},"Threading — конкурентність для I\u002FO-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fthreading","05.python\u002F12.threading",{"title":2687,"path":2688,"stem":2689},"Multiprocessing — справжній паралелізм для CPU-bound задач","\u002Fpython\u002Fmultiprocessing","05.python\u002F13.multiprocessing",{"title":2691,"path":2692,"stem":2693},"asyncio — кооперативна конкурентність та event loop","\u002Fpython\u002Fasyncio","05.python\u002F14.asyncio",{"title":2695,"icon":92,"path":2696,"stem":2697,"children":2698,"page":59},"FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi","05.python\u002Ffastapi",[2699,2703,2707,2711,2715,2719,2723,2727,2731,2735,2739,2743,2747,2751],{"title":2700,"path":2701,"stem":2702},"Глибокий Typing та Pydantic v2 — від анотацій до валідації","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ftyping-pydantic","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F15.typing-pydantic",{"title":2704,"path":2705,"stem":2706},"WSGI, ASGI та Python Web-екосистема","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fwsgi-asgi-ecosystem","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F16.wsgi-asgi-ecosystem",{"title":2708,"path":2709,"stem":2710},"FastAPI: Перший додаток, Uvicorn та OpenAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-intro","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F17.fastapi-intro",{"title":2712,"path":2713,"stem":2714},"Маршрутизація, параметри запитів та APIRouter","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-routing-params","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F18.fastapi-routing-params",{"title":2716,"path":2717,"stem":2718},"Pydantic v2 у FastAPI — схеми, валідація та серіалізація","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-pydantic-schemas","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F19.fastapi-pydantic-schemas",{"title":2720,"path":2721,"stem":2722},"Dependency Injection — серце архітектури FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-dependency-injection","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F20.fastapi-dependency-injection",{"title":2724,"path":2725,"stem":2726},"Обробка помилок, Middleware та CORS у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-errors-middleware","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F21.fastapi-errors-middleware",{"title":2728,"path":2729,"stem":2730},"SQLAlchemy 2.0 — ORM, Core та Async Engine","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Fsqlalchemy-orm","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F22.sqlalchemy-orm",{"title":2732,"path":2733,"stem":2734},"Alembic — міграції бази даних","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Falembic-migrations","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F23.alembic-migrations",{"title":2736,"path":2737,"stem":2738},"Repository Pattern та Clean Architecture у FastAPI","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-repository-clean-arch","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F24.fastapi-repository-clean-arch",{"title":2740,"path":2741,"stem":2742},"Автентифікація та авторизація — JWT, OAuth2, RBAC","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-auth-security","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F25.fastapi-auth-security",{"title":2744,"path":2745,"stem":2746},"Тестування FastAPI — pytest, httpx, fixtures","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-testing","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F26.fastapi-testing",{"title":2748,"path":2749,"stem":2750},"Async на повну — Background Tasks, WebSockets, SSE та Celery","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-async-advanced","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F27.fastapi-async-advanced",{"title":2752,"path":2753,"stem":2754},"Deployment — Docker, CI\u002FCD, Monitoring","\u002Fpython\u002Ffastapi\u002Ffastapi-deployment","05.python\u002Ffastapi\u002F28.fastapi-deployment",{"title":2756,"path":2757,"stem":2758},"[object Object]","\u002Fpython\u002Foop-plan","05.python\u002Foop-plan",{"title":2760,"icon":2761,"path":2762,"stem":2763,"children":2764,"page":59},"Бази даних","i-lucide-database","\u002Fdatabases","06.databases",[2765,2795,2818,2855,2884,2902,2936,2948,2957],{"title":2766,"icon":2767,"path":2768,"stem":2769,"children":2770,"page":59},"Intro","i-lucide-play","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro","06.databases\u002F01.intro",[2771,2775,2779,2783,2787,2791],{"title":2772,"path":2773,"stem":2774},"Введення в теорію баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fintroduction-to-databases","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F01.introduction-to-databases",{"title":2776,"path":2777,"stem":2778},"Реляційна модель даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Frelational-model-theory","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F02.relational-model-theory",{"title":2780,"path":2781,"stem":2782},"ER-моделювання","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fer-modeling","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F03.er-modeling",{"title":2784,"path":2785,"stem":2786},"Логічне проектування БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Flogical-schema","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F04.logical-schema",{"title":2788,"path":2789,"stem":2790},"Класифікація таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Ftable-classification","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F05.table-classification",{"title":2792,"path":2793,"stem":2794},"PlantUML для баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fintro\u002Fplantuml-diagrams","06.databases\u002F01.intro\u002F06.plantuml-diagrams",{"title":2796,"icon":2761,"path":2797,"stem":2798,"children":2799,"page":59},"MS SQL Server Start","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start",[2800,2804,2810,2814],{"title":2801,"path":2802,"stem":2803},"Типи даних у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fdata-types","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F01.data-types",{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807,"children":2808},"Індекси у MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-indexes","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F02.sql-indexes",[2809],{"title":2805,"path":2806,"stem":2807},{"title":2811,"path":2812,"stem":2813},"Системні бази даних MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsystem-databases","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F03.system-databases",{"title":2815,"path":2816,"stem":2817},"Огляд мови SQL та запитів","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fms-sql-server-start\u002Fsql-queries-overview","06.databases\u002F02.ms-sql-server-start\u002F04.sql-queries-overview",{"title":2819,"icon":2761,"path":2820,"stem":2821,"children":2822,"page":59},"SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql","06.databases\u002F03.sql",[2823,2827,2831,2835,2839,2843,2847,2851],{"title":2824,"path":2825,"stem":2826},"Налаштування демонстраційної бази даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fsample-database-setup","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F00.sample-database-setup",{"title":2828,"path":2829,"stem":2830},"DDL - Створення таблиць (CREATE TABLE)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-create-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F01.ddl-create-table",{"title":2832,"path":2833,"stem":2834},"DDL - Зміна та видалення таблиць (ALTER, DROP)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fddl-alter-drop-table","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F02.ddl-alter-drop-table",{"title":2836,"path":2837,"stem":2838},"SELECT запити - Основи","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-fundamentals","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F03.select-queries-fundamentals",{"title":2840,"path":2841,"stem":2842},"SELECT запити - Розширені можливості","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fselect-queries-advanced","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F04.select-queries-advanced",{"title":2844,"path":2845,"stem":2846},"INSERT запити - Додавання даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Finsert-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F05.insert-queries",{"title":2848,"path":2849,"stem":2850},"UPDATE та DELETE запити","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Fupdate-delete-queries","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F06.update-delete-queries",{"title":2852,"path":2853,"stem":2854},"Транзакції в SQL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsql\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F03.sql\u002F07.transactions",{"title":2856,"icon":2761,"path":2857,"stem":2858,"children":2859,"page":59},"Multi Table Databases","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases",[2860,2864,2868,2872,2876,2880],{"title":2861,"path":2862,"stem":2863},"Зв'язки та нормалізація БД","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Frelationships-and-normalization","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F00.relationships-and-normalization",{"title":2865,"path":2866,"stem":2867},"INNER JOIN - З'єднання таблиць","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Finner-join","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F01.inner-join",{"title":2869,"path":2870,"stem":2871},"OUTER JOINs - LEFT, RIGHT, FULL","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fouter-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F02.outer-joins",{"title":2873,"path":2874,"stem":2875},"CROSS та SELF JOINs","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fcross-self-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F03.cross-self-joins",{"title":2877,"path":2878,"stem":2879},"Підзапити (Subqueries)","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Fsubqueries","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F04.subqueries",{"title":2881,"path":2882,"stem":2883},"Агрегації з JOIN","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fmulti-table-databases\u002Faggregations-with-joins","06.databases\u002F04.multi-table-databases\u002F05.aggregations-with-joins",{"title":2885,"icon":2886,"path":2887,"stem":2888,"children":2889,"page":59},"Aggregate Functions","i-lucide-calculator","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions",[2890,2894,2898],{"title":2891,"path":2892,"stem":2893},"Функції агрегування в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fintroduction-aggregate-functions","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F01.introduction-aggregate-functions",{"title":2895,"path":2896,"stem":2897},"Групування даних в MS SQL Server","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fgrouping-data","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F02.grouping-data",{"title":2899,"path":2900,"stem":2901},"Підзапити з агрегатними функціями","\u002Fdatabases\u002Faggregate-functions\u002Fsubqueries-aggregates","06.databases\u002F05.aggregate-functions\u002F03.subqueries-aggregates",{"title":2903,"icon":2904,"path":2905,"stem":2906,"children":2907,"page":59},"Тригери та зберігаємі процедури","i-lucide-database-zap","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures",[2908,2912,2916,2920,2924,2928,2932],{"title":2909,"path":2910,"stem":2911},"DML-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fdml-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F01.dml-triggers",{"title":2913,"path":2914,"stem":2915},"DDL-тригери","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fddl-triggers","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F02.ddl-triggers",{"title":2917,"path":2918,"stem":2919},"Transact-SQL розширення","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransact-sql-extensions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F03.transact-sql-extensions",{"title":2921,"path":2922,"stem":2923},"Транзакції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Ftransactions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F04.transactions",{"title":2925,"path":2926,"stem":2927},"Зберігаємі процедури","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fstored-procedures","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F05.stored-procedures",{"title":2929,"path":2930,"stem":2931},"Користувацькі функції","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fuser-defined-functions","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F06.user-defined-functions",{"title":2933,"path":2934,"stem":2935},"Безпека баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ftriggers-stored-procedures\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F07.triggers-stored-procedures\u002F08.security",{"title":2933,"icon":793,"path":2937,"stem":2938,"children":2939,"page":59},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity","06.databases\u002F08.security",[2940,2944],{"title":2941,"path":2942,"stem":2943},"Вступ до безпеки баз даних","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fintroduction","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F01.introduction",{"title":2945,"path":2946,"stem":2947},"Системні представлення та метадані","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fsecurity\u002Fsystem-views","06.databases\u002F08.security\u002F02.system-views",{"title":2949,"icon":2950,"path":2951,"stem":2952,"children":2953,"page":59},"Резервне копіювання та відновлення","i-lucide-database-backup","\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery",[2954],{"title":2949,"path":2955,"stem":2956},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Fbackup-recovery\u002Fbackup-restore","06.databases\u002F09.backup-recovery\u002F01.backup-restore",{"title":2958,"icon":2959,"path":2960,"stem":2961,"children":2962,"page":59},"Повнотекстовий пошук","i-lucide-search","\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search",[2963],{"title":2958,"path":2964,"stem":2965},"\u002Fdatabases\u002Ffull-text-search\u002Ffull-text-search","06.databases\u002F10.full-text-search\u002F01.full-text-search",{"title":2967,"icon":2968,"path":2969,"stem":2970,"children":2971,"page":59},"Tools","i-lucide-wrench","\u002Ftools","07.tools",[2972,3048],{"title":2973,"icon":2974,"path":2975,"stem":2976,"children":2977},"Docker","i-simple-icons-docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002Findex",[2978,2980,2984,2988,2992,2996,3000,3004,3008,3012,3016,3020,3024,3028,3032,3036,3040,3044],{"title":2979,"path":2975,"stem":2976},"Docker: від нуля до production",{"title":2981,"path":2982,"stem":2983},"Контейнеризація — від проблеми до рішення","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainerization-concept","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F01.containerization-concept",{"title":2985,"path":2986,"stem":2987},"Docker — що це і навіщо?","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-what-and-why","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F02.docker-what-and-why",{"title":2989,"path":2990,"stem":2991},"Архітектура Docker Engine","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-architecture","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F03.docker-architecture",{"title":2993,"path":2994,"stem":2995},"Встановлення Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Finstallation","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F04.installation",{"title":2997,"path":2998,"stem":2999},"Перший контейнер — docker run","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Ffirst-container","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F05.first-container",{"title":3001,"path":3002,"stem":3003},"Життєвий цикл контейнера","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcontainer-lifecycle","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F06.container-lifecycle",{"title":3005,"path":3006,"stem":3007},"Docker Images — фундаментальні концепції","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-images-fundamentals","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F07.docker-images-fundamentals",{"title":3009,"path":3010,"stem":3011},"Dockerfile — основи","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F08.dockerfile-basics",{"title":3013,"path":3014,"stem":3015},"Dockerfile — просунуті техніки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdockerfile-advanced","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F09.dockerfile-advanced",{"title":3017,"path":3018,"stem":3019},"Build Context та кешування шарів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fbuild-context-and-cache","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F10.build-context-and-cache",{"title":3021,"path":3022,"stem":3023},"Реєстри Docker-образів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fimage-registries","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F11.image-registries",{"title":3025,"path":3026,"stem":3027},"Контейнеризація .NET додатків","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdotnet-containerization","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F12.dotnet-containerization",{"title":3029,"path":3030,"stem":3031},"Томи та збереження даних","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fvolumes-and-data","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F13.volumes-and-data",{"title":3033,"path":3034,"stem":3035},"Основи мережі в Docker","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fnetworking-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F14.networking-basics",{"title":3037,"path":3038,"stem":3039},"Змінні оточення та конфігурація","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fenvironment-and-configuration","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F15.environment-and-configuration",{"title":3041,"path":3042,"stem":3043},"Docker Compose — оркестрація контейнерів","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fdocker-compose-basics","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F16.docker-compose-basics",{"title":3045,"path":3046,"stem":3047},"Docker Compose — Multi-Service застосунки","\u002Ftools\u002Fdocker\u002Fcompose-multi-service","07.tools\u002F01.docker\u002F17.compose-multi-service",{"title":3049,"icon":3050,"path":3051,"stem":3052,"children":3053},"Kubernetes","simple-icons:kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002Findex",[3054,3056,3060,3064,3068,3072,3076,3080,3084],{"title":3055,"path":3051,"stem":3052},"Kubernetes: від розробки до production",{"title":3057,"path":3058,"stem":3059},"Kubernetes — коли Docker Compose більше не вистачає","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fwhy-kubernetes","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F01.why-kubernetes",{"title":3061,"path":3062,"stem":3063},"Архітектура Kubernetes — анатомія кластера","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fkubernetes-architecture","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F02.kubernetes-architecture",{"title":3065,"path":3066,"stem":3067},"Локальне середовище — minikube, kind та k3s","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Flocal-environment","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F03.local-environment",{"title":3069,"path":3070,"stem":3071},"Pod — атомарна одиниця Kubernetes","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpods-and-containers","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F04.pods-and-containers",{"title":3073,"path":3074,"stem":3075},"Патерни використання Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fpod-patterns","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F05.pod-patterns",{"title":3077,"path":3078,"stem":3079},"Deployment — декларативне управління Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-basics","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F06.deployment-basics",{"title":3081,"path":3082,"stem":3083},"Rolling Updates та управління життєвим циклом Deployment","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fdeployment-rolling-updates","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F07.deployment-rolling-updates",{"title":3085,"path":3086,"stem":3087},"Service — мережева абстракція для Pod","\u002Ftools\u002Fkubernetes\u002Fservices-networking","07.tools\u002F02.kubernetes\u002F08.services-networking",{"title":3089,"icon":3090,"path":3091,"stem":3092,"children":3093,"page":59},"Software Engineering","i-lucide-code-2","\u002Fsoftware-engineering","09.software-engineering",[3094,3098,3102,3106,3110,3114,3118,3122,3126,3130,3134],{"title":3095,"path":3096,"stem":3097},"1. Аналіз предметної області. Експертні знання та складність","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintro-subdomains","09.software-engineering\u002F01.intro-subdomains",{"title":3099,"path":3100,"stem":3101},"2. Обмежені контексти. Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fintegrating-limited-contexts","09.software-engineering\u002F02.integrating-limited-contexts",{"title":3103,"path":3104,"stem":3105},"3. Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fsimple","09.software-engineering\u002F03.simple",{"title":3107,"path":3108,"stem":3109},"4. Опрацювання складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","09.software-engineering\u002F04.complex-business-logic",{"title":3111,"path":3112,"stem":3113},"5. Моделювання фактора часу. Подієво-орієнтована архітектура.","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fmodelling-the-time-factor","09.software-engineering\u002F05.modelling-the-time-factor",{"title":3115,"path":3116,"stem":3117},"6. Архітектурні патерни","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Farchitectural-patterns","09.software-engineering\u002F06.architectural-patterns",{"title":3119,"path":3120,"stem":3121},"Паттерни взаємодії","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fpatterns-of-interaction","09.software-engineering\u002F07.patterns-of-interaction",{"title":3123,"path":3124,"stem":3125},"Евристика проєктування","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fdesign-heuristics","09.software-engineering\u002F08.design-heuristics",{"title":3127,"path":3128,"stem":3129},"Еволюція проєктних рішень","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fevolution-of-design-solutions","09.software-engineering\u002F09.evolution-of-design-solutions",{"title":3131,"path":3132,"stem":3133},"EventStorming","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Feventstorming","09.software-engineering\u002F10.eventstorming",{"title":3135,"path":3136,"stem":3137},"DDD на практиці","\u002Fsoftware-engineering\u002Fddd-in-practice","09.software-engineering\u002F11.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3139,"icon":943,"path":3140,"stem":3141,"children":3142,"page":59},"DDD","\u002Fddd","10.ddd",[3143,3147,3151,3155,3159,3163,3167,3171,3175,3179,3183,3187,3191],{"title":3144,"path":3145,"stem":3146},"Аналіз предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-analysis","10.ddd\u002F01.domain-analysis",{"title":3148,"path":3149,"stem":3150},"Експертні знання про предметну область","\u002Fddd\u002Fdomain-expert-knowledge","10.ddd\u002F02.domain-expert-knowledge",{"title":3152,"path":3153,"stem":3154},"Як осмислити складність предметної області","\u002Fddd\u002Fmanaging-domain-complexity","10.ddd\u002F03.managing-domain-complexity",{"title":3156,"path":3157,"stem":3158},"Інтеграція обмежених контекстів","\u002Fddd\u002Fbounded-context-integration","10.ddd\u002F04.bounded-context-integration",{"title":3160,"path":3161,"stem":3162},"Реалізація простої бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fsimple-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F05.simple-business-logic",{"title":3164,"path":3165,"stem":3166},"Обробка складної бізнес-логіки","\u002Fddd\u002Fcomplex-business-logic","10.ddd\u002F06.complex-business-logic",{"title":3168,"path":3169,"stem":3170},"Моделювання фактора часу","\u002Fddd\u002Ftime-modeling","10.ddd\u002F07.time-modeling",{"title":3172,"path":3173,"stem":3174},"Глава 8. Архітектурні Патерни","\u002Fddd\u002Farchitectural-patterns","10.ddd\u002F08.architectural-patterns",{"title":3176,"path":3177,"stem":3178},"Глава 9. Патерни Взаємодії","\u002Fddd\u002Finteraction-patterns","10.ddd\u002F09.interaction-patterns",{"title":3180,"path":3181,"stem":3182},"Глава 10. Проектні Евристики","\u002Fddd\u002Fdesign-heuristics","10.ddd\u002F10.design-heuristics",{"title":3184,"path":3185,"stem":3186},"Глава 11. Еволюція Проектних Рішень","\u002Fddd\u002Fevolution-of-design-decisions","10.ddd\u002F11.evolution-of-design-decisions",{"title":3188,"path":3189,"stem":3190},"Глава 12. EventStorming","\u002Fddd\u002Fevent-storming","10.ddd\u002F12.event-storming",{"title":3192,"path":3193,"stem":3194},"Глава 13. DDD на Практиці","\u002Fddd\u002Fddd-in-practice","10.ddd\u002F13.ddd-in-practice",{"title":3196,"icon":3197,"path":3198,"stem":3199,"children":3200,"page":59},"Media Streaming","i-lucide-video","\u002Fmedia-streaming","11.media-streaming",[3201,3205,3209,3213,3217,3221,3225],{"title":3202,"path":3203,"stem":3204},"01. Магія Стрімінгу: Що відбувається, коли ви натискаєте \"Play\"","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fintroduction","11.media-streaming\u002F01.introduction",{"title":3206,"path":3207,"stem":3208},"02. Анатомія Медіа: Кодеки, Контейнери та Стиснення","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Faudio-video-anatomy","11.media-streaming\u002F02.audio-video-anatomy",{"title":3210,"path":3211,"stem":3212},"03. The Gym: FFmpeg Deep Dive","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fffmpeg-gym","11.media-streaming\u002F03.ffmpeg-gym",{"title":3214,"path":3215,"stem":3216},"04. HLS Protocol: HTTP Live Streaming у Деталях","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fhls-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F04.hls-protocol",{"title":3218,"path":3219,"stem":3220},"05. DASH Protocol: Відкритий Стандарт","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fdash-protocol","11.media-streaming\u002F05.dash-protocol",{"title":3222,"path":3223,"stem":3224},"06. Масштабування: CDN та Adaptive Bitrate","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Fcdn-and-adaptive-bitrate","11.media-streaming\u002F06.cdn-and-adaptive-bitrate",{"title":3226,"path":3227,"stem":3228},"07. Війна із Затримкою (Latency)","\u002Fmedia-streaming\u002Frealtime-latency","11.media-streaming\u002F07.realtime-latency",{"title":3230,"icon":3231,"path":3232,"stem":3233,"children":3234,"page":59},"HTML & CSS","i-devicon-html5","\u002Fhtml-css","12.html-css",[3235,3239,3243,3247,3251,3255,3259,3263,3267,3271,3275,3279,3283,3287,3291,3295,3299,3303,3307,3311,3315,3319,3323,3327,3331,3335,3339,3343,3347,3351],{"title":3236,"path":3237,"stem":3238},"Вступ до HTML. Структура документа","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fintro-html-structure","12.html-css\u002F01.intro-html-structure",{"title":3240,"path":3241,"stem":3242},"Форматування тексту в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-text-formatting","12.html-css\u002F02.html-text-formatting",{"title":3244,"path":3245,"stem":3246},"Посилання та зображення в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-links-images","12.html-css\u002F03.html-links-images",{"title":3248,"path":3249,"stem":3250},"Списки та таблиці в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-lists-tables","12.html-css\u002F04.html-lists-tables",{"title":3252,"path":3253,"stem":3254},"Форми в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-forms","12.html-css\u002F05.html-forms",{"title":3256,"path":3257,"stem":3258},"Семантичні елементи HTML5","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-semantic-elements","12.html-css\u002F06.html-semantic-elements",{"title":3260,"path":3261,"stem":3262},"Мультимедіа та розширені елементи HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-multimedia-advanced","12.html-css\u002F07.html-multimedia-advanced",{"title":3264,"path":3265,"stem":3266},"Мікророзмітка та SEO в HTML","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fhtml-microdata-seo","12.html-css\u002F08.html-microdata-seo",{"title":3268,"path":3269,"stem":3270},"Вступ до CSS. Селектори та специфічність","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-intro-selectors","12.html-css\u002F09.css-intro-selectors",{"title":3272,"path":3273,"stem":3274},"Блокова модель CSS. Відступи. Box Sizing","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-box-model","12.html-css\u002F10.css-box-model",{"title":3276,"path":3277,"stem":3278},"Розміри у CSS: повний довідник одиниць і ключових слів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F10a.css-sizing","12.html-css\u002F10a.css-sizing",{"title":3280,"path":3281,"stem":3282},"Типографіка в CSS. Шрифти та текст","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-typography","12.html-css\u002F11.css-typography",{"title":3284,"path":3285,"stem":3286},"Кольори та фони в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-colors-backgrounds","12.html-css\u002F12.css-colors-backgrounds",{"title":3288,"path":3289,"stem":3290},"Тіні та фільтри в CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters","12.html-css\u002F12b.css-shadows-filters",{"title":3292,"path":3293,"stem":3294},"CSS Flexbox: Фундамент гнучких макетів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-fundamentals","12.html-css\u002F13.css-flexbox-fundamentals",{"title":3296,"path":3297,"stem":3298},"CSS Flexbox: Вирівнювання та Позиціонування","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns","12.html-css\u002F14.css-flexbox-alignment-sizing-and-patterns",{"title":3300,"path":3301,"stem":3302},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid","12.html-css\u002F15.css-layout-grid",{"title":3304,"path":3305,"stem":3306},"CSS Grid. Двовимірний макет. Частина 2","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-layout-grid-advanced","12.html-css\u002F16.css-layout-grid-advanced",{"title":3308,"path":3309,"stem":3310},"Позиціонування в CSS. Z-index. Stacking Context","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-positioning","12.html-css\u002F17.css-positioning",{"title":3312,"path":3313,"stem":3314},"CSS Анімації та Переходи","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-animations-transitions","12.html-css\u002F18.css-animations-transitions",{"title":3316,"path":3317,"stem":3318},"Адаптивний дизайн. Media Queries. Частина 1","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-media-queries","12.html-css\u002F19.css-responsive-media-queries",{"title":3320,"path":3321,"stem":3322},"Адаптивний дизайн. Частина 2: clamp(), Container Queries, @layer","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-responsive-advanced","12.html-css\u002F20.css-responsive-advanced",{"title":3324,"path":3325,"stem":3326},"CSS Custom Properties. Методології. Сучасний CSS","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-variables-methodologies","12.html-css\u002F21.css-variables-methodologies",{"title":3328,"path":3329,"stem":3330},"Сучасний CSS 2023–2025: Нові можливості","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-modern-features","12.html-css\u002F22.css-modern-features",{"title":3332,"path":3333,"stem":3334},"CSS Nesting, @layer, @scope та @property: нативний препроцесор","\u002Fhtml-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax","12.html-css\u002F22a.css-nesting-modern-syntax",{"title":3336,"path":3337,"stem":3338},"CSS для форм та інтерактивних станів","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-forms-interactive-states","12.html-css\u002F23.css-forms-interactive-states",{"title":3340,"path":3341,"stem":3342},"Доступність у CSS (CSS Accessibility)","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-accessibility","12.html-css\u002F24.css-accessibility",{"title":3344,"path":3345,"stem":3346},"CSS-функції та сучасні sizing primitives","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-functions-sizing","12.html-css\u002F25.css-functions-sizing",{"title":3348,"path":3349,"stem":3350},"Rendering Pipeline і CSS Performance","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-rendering-performance","12.html-css\u002F26.css-rendering-performance",{"title":3352,"path":3353,"stem":3354},"CSS Best Practices: типові ситуації та правильні рішення","\u002Fhtml-css\u002Fcss-best-practices","12.html-css\u002F27.css-best-practices",{"title":3356,"path":3357,"stem":3358,"children":3359,"page":59},"AWS","\u002Faws","13.aws",[3360,3364,3368,3372,3376,3380,3384,3388,3392,3396,3400,3404,3408,3412,3416,3420,3424,3428],{"title":3361,"path":3362,"stem":3363},"Реєстрація AWS акаунту та студентські програми","\u002Faws\u002Faccount-registration","13.aws\u002F00.account-registration",{"title":3365,"path":3366,"stem":3367},"Вступ до хмарних обчислень та AWS","\u002Faws\u002Fintroduction-to-cloud","13.aws\u002F01.introduction-to-cloud",{"title":3369,"path":3370,"stem":3371},"AWS IAM — Identity and Access Management","\u002Faws\u002Fiam","13.aws\u002F02.iam",{"title":3373,"path":3374,"stem":3375},"AWS IAM CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F02a.iam-doc","13.aws\u002F02a.iam-doc",{"title":3377,"path":3378,"stem":3379},"Docker та контейнеризація в AWS — ECR, ECS та Fargate","\u002Faws\u002Fdocker-ecs","13.aws\u002F03.docker-ecs",{"title":3381,"path":3382,"stem":3383},"AWS ECR \u002F ECS CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc","13.aws\u002F03a.docker-ecs-doc",{"title":3385,"path":3386,"stem":3387},"Amazon EC2 — Elastic Compute Cloud","\u002Faws\u002Fec2","13.aws\u002F04.ec2",{"title":3389,"path":3390,"stem":3391},"AWS EC2 CLI — Довідник команд","\u002Faws\u002F04a.ec2-doc","13.aws\u002F04a.ec2-doc",{"title":3393,"path":3394,"stem":3395},"Elastic Load Balancing та Auto Scaling","\u002Faws\u002Falb-asg","13.aws\u002F05.alb-asg",{"title":3397,"path":3398,"stem":3399},"Amazon S3 — Simple Storage Service","\u002Faws\u002Fs3","13.aws\u002F06.s3",{"title":3401,"path":3402,"stem":3403},"Amazon CloudFront — Content Delivery Network","\u002Faws\u002Fcloudfront","13.aws\u002F07.cloudfront",{"title":3405,"path":3406,"stem":3407},"Amazon RDS — Relational Database Service","\u002Faws\u002Frds","13.aws\u002F08.rds",{"title":3409,"path":3410,"stem":3411},"Amazon DynamoDB — NoSQL Database","\u002Faws\u002Fdynamodb","13.aws\u002F09.dynamodb",{"title":3413,"path":3414,"stem":3415},"AWS Lambda та Serverless Compute","\u002Faws\u002Flambda","13.aws\u002F10.lambda",{"title":3417,"path":3418,"stem":3419},"Amazon Bedrock - Foundation Models, RAG та Agents","\u002Faws\u002Fbedrock","13.aws\u002F22.bedrock",{"title":3421,"path":3422,"stem":3423},"Amazon Rekognition - Комп'ютерний зір","\u002Faws\u002Frekognition","13.aws\u002F23.rekognition",{"title":3425,"path":3426,"stem":3427},"Amazon Textract - Інтелектуальний аналіз документів","\u002Faws\u002Ftextract","13.aws\u002F24.textract",{"title":3429,"path":3430,"stem":3431},"Amazon Polly, Transcribe, Comprehend та Translate","\u002Faws\u002Faudio-nlp-services","13.aws\u002F25.audio-nlp-services",{"title":3433,"path":3434,"stem":3435,"children":3436,"page":59},"Ai Development","\u002Fai-development","14.ai-development",[3437],{"title":3438,"path":3439,"stem":3440,"children":3441,"page":59},"Foundations","\u002Fai-development\u002Ffoundations","14.ai-development\u002F00.foundations",[3442],{"title":3443,"path":3444,"stem":3445},"Модуль 0.1. Що таке Large Language Model (LLM)","\u002Fai-development\u002Ffoundations\u002Fwhat-is-llm","14.ai-development\u002F00.foundations\u002F01.what-is-llm",{"title":3447,"path":3448,"stem":3449,"children":3450,"page":59},"React Native","\u002Freact-native","15.react-native",[3451,3472],{"title":3452,"path":3453,"stem":3454,"children":3455,"page":59},"Version1","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1","15.react-native\u002Fversion1",[3456,3460,3464,3468],{"title":3457,"path":3458,"stem":3459},"Що таке React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Fwhat-is-react-native","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F01.what-is-react-native",{"title":3461,"path":3462,"stem":3463},"Як влаштований React Native «під капотом»","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Freact-native-architecture","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F02.react-native-architecture",{"title":3465,"path":3466,"stem":3467},"Від React до React Native: ключові відмінності","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Freact-native-vs-react","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F03.react-native-vs-react",{"title":3469,"path":3470,"stem":3471},"View та Text — фундаментальні будівельні блоки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion1\u002Fview-and-text","15.react-native\u002Fversion1\u002F04.view-and-text",{"title":3473,"path":3474,"stem":3475,"children":3476,"page":59},"Version2","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2","15.react-native\u002Fversion2",[3477,3481,3485,3489,3493,3497,3501,3505,3509,3513,3517,3521,3525,3529,3533,3537,3541,3545,3549,3553,3557,3561,3565,3569,3573,3577,3581],{"title":3478,"path":3479,"stem":3480},"React Native — навіщо він потрібен","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fwhy-react-native","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F01.why-react-native",{"title":3482,"path":3483,"stem":3484},"Налаштування середовища розробки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fenvironment-setup","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F02.environment-setup",{"title":3486,"path":3487,"stem":3488},"Expo і класичний React Native — два шляхи одного фреймворку","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-vs-cli-landscape","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F03.expo-vs-cli-landscape",{"title":3490,"path":3491,"stem":3492},"Середовище Expo — перший запуск","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-setup-and-tooling","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F04.expo-setup-and-tooling",{"title":3494,"path":3495,"stem":3496},"Структура проєкту та перші UI-примітиви","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fproject-structure-and-conventions","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F05.project-structure-and-conventions",{"title":3498,"path":3499,"stem":3500},"Базові компоненти React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fcore-components","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F06.core-components",{"title":3502,"path":3503,"stem":3504},"Flexbox і layout у React Native","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fflexbox-and-layout","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F07.flexbox-and-layout",{"title":3506,"path":3507,"stem":3508},"StyleSheet і теми (light \u002F dark)","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fstylesheet-and-theming","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F08.stylesheet-and-theming",{"title":3510,"path":3511,"stem":3512},"Списки та віртуалізація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Flists-and-virtualization","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F09.lists-and-virtualization",{"title":3514,"path":3515,"stem":3516},"Форми, ввід і валідація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fforms-input-validation","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F10.forms-input-validation",{"title":3518,"path":3519,"stem":3520},"Основи Expo Router","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fexpo-router-basics","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F11.expo-router-basics",{"title":3522,"path":3523,"stem":3524},"Вкладені навігатори та модалки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fnested-navigators-and-modals","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F12.nested-navigators-and-modals",{"title":3526,"path":3527,"stem":3528},"Deep linking і параметри маршрутів","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fdeep-linking-and-params","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F13.deep-linking-and-params",{"title":3530,"path":3531,"stem":3532},"Робота з мережею та життєвий цикл застосунку","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fnetworking-and-app-lifecycle","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F14.networking-and-app-lifecycle",{"title":3534,"path":3535,"stem":3536},"Redux Toolkit на мобільних платформах","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fredux-toolkit-on-mobile","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F15.redux-toolkit-on-mobile",{"title":3538,"path":3539,"stem":3540},"RTK Query на мобільних платформах","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Frtk-query-mobile","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F16.rtk-query-mobile",{"title":3542,"path":3543,"stem":3544},"Автентифікація та Безпечне Зберігання","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fauth-secure-storage","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F18.auth-secure-storage",{"title":3546,"path":3547,"stem":3548},"Локальне сховище — AsyncStorage, MMKV, SQLite","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Flocal-storage-mmkv-sqlite","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F19.local-storage-mmkv-sqlite",{"title":3550,"path":3551,"stem":3552},"Офлайн-First і синхронізація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Foffline-first-sync","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F20.offline-first-sync",{"title":3554,"path":3555,"stem":3556},"Камера, медіа та файлова система","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fcamera-media-filesystem","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F21.camera-media-filesystem",{"title":3558,"path":3559,"stem":3560},"Карти та геолокація","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fmaps-and-location","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F22.maps-and-location",{"title":3562,"path":3563,"stem":3564},"Жести та дотики","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fgestures-and-touch","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F23.gestures-and-touch",{"title":3566,"path":3567,"stem":3568},"Анімації з Reanimated","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Freanimated-animations","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F24.reanimated-animations",{"title":3570,"path":3571,"stem":3572},"Push і локальні сповіщення","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fpush-and-local-notifications","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F25.push-and-local-notifications",{"title":3574,"path":3575,"stem":3576},"Інтернаціоналізація та доступність","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Faccessibility-and-i18n","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F26.accessibility-and-i18n",{"title":3578,"path":3579,"stem":3580},"EAS Build та профілі збірки","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Feas-build-and-profiles","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F29.eas-build-and-profiles",{"title":3582,"path":3583,"stem":3584},"Публікація в App Store та Google Play","\u002Freact-native\u002Fversion2\u002Fapp-store-play-release","15.react-native\u002Fversion2\u002F30.app-store-play-release",{"title":3586,"path":3587,"stem":3588,"children":3589,"page":59},"Ai Python","\u002Fai-python","16.ai-python",[3590,3599,3608,3617,3646,3672,3681],{"title":3591,"path":3592,"stem":3593,"children":3594,"page":59},"Intro To Ai","\u002Fai-python\u002Fintro-to-ai","16.ai-python\u002F01.intro-to-ai",[3595],{"title":3596,"path":3597,"stem":3598},"Вступ до штучного інтелекту та машинного навчання","\u002Fai-python\u002Fintro-to-ai\u002Fintro-to-ai","16.ai-python\u002F01.intro-to-ai\u002F01.intro-to-ai",{"title":3600,"path":3601,"stem":3602,"children":3603,"page":59},"Jupyter Notebook","\u002Fai-python\u002Fjupyter-notebook","16.ai-python\u002F02.jupyter-notebook",[3604],{"title":3605,"path":3606,"stem":3607},"Знайомство з Jupyter Notebook та JupyterLab","\u002Fai-python\u002Fjupyter-notebook\u002Fjupyter-notebook","16.ai-python\u002F02.jupyter-notebook\u002F02.jupyter-notebook",{"title":3609,"path":3610,"stem":3611,"children":3612,"page":59},"Numpy Pandas","\u002Fai-python\u002Fnumpy-pandas","16.ai-python\u002F03.numpy-pandas",[3613],{"title":3614,"path":3615,"stem":3616},"Робота з даними з використанням NumPy і pandas","\u002Fai-python\u002Fnumpy-pandas\u002Fnumpy-pandas","16.ai-python\u002F03.numpy-pandas\u002F03.numpy-pandas",{"title":3618,"path":3619,"stem":3620,"children":3621,"page":59},"Statistics Basics","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics",[3622,3626,3630,3634,3638,3642],{"title":3623,"path":3624,"stem":3625},"Випадкові величини та їх типи","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Frandom-variables","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F01.random-variables",{"title":3627,"path":3628,"stem":3629},"Міри центральної тенденції","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Fcentral-tendency","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F02.central-tendency",{"title":3631,"path":3632,"stem":3633},"Міри варіації (розсіювання)","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Fvariability","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F03.variability",{"title":3635,"path":3636,"stem":3637},"Розподіли випадкових величин","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Fdistributions","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F04.distributions",{"title":3639,"path":3640,"stem":3641},"Кореляція та взаємозв'язки","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Fcorrelation","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F05.correlation",{"title":3643,"path":3644,"stem":3645},"Викиди та аномалії","\u002Fai-python\u002Fstatistics-basics\u002Foutliers","16.ai-python\u002F04.statistics-basics\u002F06.outliers",{"title":3647,"path":3648,"stem":3649,"children":3650},"Візуалізація даних за допомогою matplotlib","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002Findex",[3651,3652,3656,3660,3664,3668],{"title":3647,"path":3648,"stem":3649},{"title":3653,"path":3654,"stem":3655},"Основи matplotlib — Figure, Axes та перший графік","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization\u002Fmatplotlib-basics","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002F01.matplotlib-basics",{"title":3657,"path":3658,"stem":3659},"Візуалізація розподілів — гістограми та box plots","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization\u002Fdistributions","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002F02.distributions",{"title":3661,"path":3662,"stem":3663},"Візуалізація залежностей — scatter plots та кореляція","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization\u002Frelationships","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002F03.relationships",{"title":3665,"path":3666,"stem":3667},"Візуалізація категоріальних даних — bar charts та pie charts","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization\u002Fcategorical","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002F04.categorical",{"title":3669,"path":3670,"stem":3671},"Композиції та стилізація — subplots та багатопанельні дашборди","\u002Fai-python\u002Fdata-visualization\u002Fsubplots-styling","16.ai-python\u002F05.data-visualization\u002F05.subplots-styling",{"title":3673,"path":3674,"stem":3675,"children":3676,"page":59},"Linear Regression","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression","16.ai-python\u002F06.linear-regression",[3677],{"title":3678,"path":3679,"stem":3680},"Лінійна регресія — перша модель машинного навчання","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression\u002Flinear-regression","16.ai-python\u002F06.linear-regression\u002F06.linear-regression",{"title":3682,"path":3683,"stem":3684,"children":3685,"page":59},"Linear Regression Theory","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory",[3686,3690,3694,3698,3702],{"title":3687,"path":3688,"stem":3689},"Регресійна задача та лінійна регресія з однією змінною","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory\u002Fregression-task","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory\u002F01.regression-task",{"title":3691,"path":3692,"stem":3693},"Метрики якості регресії — як оцінити модель","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory\u002Fquality-metrics","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory\u002F02.quality-metrics",{"title":3695,"path":3696,"stem":3697},"Градієнтний спуск — як модель навчається","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory\u002Fgradient-descent","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory\u002F03.gradient-descent",{"title":3699,"path":3700,"stem":3701},"Множинна лінійна регресія — модель з багатьма ознаками","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory\u002Fmultiple-regression","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory\u002F04.multiple-regression",{"title":3703,"path":3704,"stem":3705},"Практичні завдання та резюме модуля","\u002Fai-python\u002Flinear-regression-theory\u002Fpractice","16.ai-python\u002F07.linear-regression-theory\u002F05.practice",{"title":3707,"icon":658,"path":3708,"stem":3709,"children":3710,"page":59},"Клієнт-серверна архітектура","\u002Fclient-server-architecture","17.client-server-architecture",[3711,3715,3719,3723,3727,3731,3735,3739,3743,3747,3751,3755,3759,3763,3767,3771,3775,3779],{"title":3712,"path":3713,"stem":3714},"Архітектура клієнт-серверних систем та основи Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fclient-server-architecture-and-go","17.client-server-architecture\u002F01.client-server-architecture-and-go",{"title":3716,"path":3717,"stem":3718},"Система типів та модель пам’яті мови Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Ftype-system-and-memory-model","17.client-server-architecture\u002F02.type-system-and-memory-model",{"title":3720,"path":3721,"stem":3722},"Інтерфейси та модель конкурентності мови Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Finterfaces-and-concurrency-model","17.client-server-architecture\u002F03.interfaces-and-concurrency-model",{"title":3724,"path":3725,"stem":3726},"Сокетне програмування та протокол TCP у Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Ftcp-socket-programming","17.client-server-architecture\u002F04.tcp-socket-programming",{"title":3728,"path":3729,"stem":3730},"Протокол UDP та датаграмна передача даних","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fudp-datagram-transmission","17.client-server-architecture\u002F05.udp-datagram-transmission",{"title":3732,"path":3733,"stem":3734},"Криптографічний захист каналів зв","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Ftls-cryptographic-channel-protection","17.client-server-architecture\u002F06.tls-cryptographic-channel-protection",{"title":3736,"path":3737,"stem":3738},"Прикладні мережеві протоколи DNS та SMTP","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fdns-smtp-application-protocols","17.client-server-architecture\u002F07.dns-smtp-application-protocols",{"title":3740,"path":3741,"stem":3742},"Протокол HTTP та стандартний вебсервер Go","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fhttp-protocol-and-web-server","17.client-server-architecture\u002F08.http-protocol-and-web-server",{"title":3744,"path":3745,"stem":3746},"Проєктування REST API та маршрутизація засобами Chi","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Frest-api-design-and-chi-routing","17.client-server-architecture\u002F09.rest-api-design-and-chi-routing",{"title":3748,"path":3749,"stem":3750},"Лекція 10. Шарувата архітектура та конвеєри обробки запитів","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Flayered-architecture-and-middleware-pipelines","17.client-server-architecture\u002F10.layered-architecture-and-middleware-pipelines",{"title":3752,"path":3753,"stem":3754},"Лекція 11. Архітектура та маршрутизація фреймворку Gin","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fgin-framework-architecture-and-routing","17.client-server-architecture\u002F11.gin-framework-architecture-and-routing",{"title":3756,"path":3757,"stem":3758},"Лекція 12. Валідація даних, безпека та документування у Gin","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fdata-validation-security-and-documentation-in-gin","17.client-server-architecture\u002F12.data-validation-security-and-documentation-in-gin",{"title":3760,"path":3761,"stem":3762},"Лекція 13. Взаємодія з реляційними СУБД та технології ORM","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Frelational-databases-and-orm","17.client-server-architecture\u002F13.relational-databases-and-orm",{"title":3764,"path":3765,"stem":3766},"Потокова передача даних та протокол WebSocket","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fstreaming-data-and-websockets","17.client-server-architecture\u002F14.streaming-data-and-websockets",{"title":3768,"path":3769,"stem":3770},"Міжсервісна взаємодія на основі протоколу gRPC","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fgrpc-inter-service-communication","17.client-server-architecture\u002F15.grpc-inter-service-communication",{"title":3772,"path":3773,"stem":3774},"Асинхронний обмін повідомленнями та протоколи черг","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fasynchronous-message-exchange-and-queue-protocols","17.client-server-architecture\u002F16.asynchronous-message-exchange-and-queue-protocols",{"title":3776,"path":3777,"stem":3778},"Протоколи потокового медіа та технологія WebRTC","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fstreaming-media-protocols-and-webrtc","17.client-server-architecture\u002F17.streaming-media-protocols-and-webrtc",{"title":3780,"path":3781,"stem":3782},"Моніторинг, безпека та контейнеризація застосунків","\u002Fclient-server-architecture\u002Fmonitoring-security-and-containerization","17.client-server-architecture\u002F18.monitoring-security-and-containerization",{"title":3784,"icon":2014,"path":3785,"stem":3786,"children":3787,"page":59},"Розробка WEB-застосувань","\u002Fweb-development","18.web-development",[3788,3833,3871,3900,3929,3986,4036,4130,4196,4278,4311,4339,4381,4427,4470],{"title":3789,"icon":658,"path":3790,"stem":3791,"children":3792,"page":59},"Архітектура комп'ютерних мереж та мережеві протоколи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols",[3793,3797,3801,3805,3809,3813,3817,3821,3825,3829],{"title":3794,"path":3795,"stem":3796},"Еволюція веброзробки та модель клієнт-сервер","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fweb-evolution-client-server","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F01.web-evolution-client-server",{"title":3798,"path":3799,"stem":3800},"Еталонна модель OSI","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fosi-model","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F02.osi-model",{"title":3802,"path":3803,"stem":3804},"Стек протоколів TCP\u002FIP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Ftcp-ip-stack","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F03.tcp-ip-stack",{"title":3806,"path":3807,"stem":3808},"IP-адресація, порти та сокети","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fip-addressing-ports-sockets","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F04.ip-addressing-ports-sockets",{"title":3810,"path":3811,"stem":3812},"Протоколи TCP та UDP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Ftcp-udp-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F05.tcp-udp-protocols",{"title":3814,"path":3815,"stem":3816},"Система доменних імен DNS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fdns-system","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F06.dns-system",{"title":3818,"path":3819,"stem":3820},"Протокол SMTP та поштові протоколи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fsmtp-email-protocols","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F07.smtp-email-protocols",{"title":3822,"path":3823,"stem":3824},"Протокол WebSocket","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fwebsocket-protocol","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F08.websocket-protocol",{"title":3826,"path":3827,"stem":3828},"Протокол SSH","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fssh-protocol","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F09.ssh-protocol",{"title":3830,"path":3831,"stem":3832},"Огляд сучасних серверних технологій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnetwork-architecture-and-protocols\u002Fmodern-backend-technologies","18.web-development\u002F01.network-architecture-and-protocols\u002F10.modern-backend-technologies",{"title":3834,"icon":3835,"path":3836,"stem":3837,"children":3838,"page":59},"Протокол HTTP та захищена передача даних HTTPS","i-lucide-lock","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https",[3839,3843,3847,3851,3855,3859,3863,3867],{"title":3840,"path":3841,"stem":3842},"Вступ до протоколу HTTP та еволюція веб-технологій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fintroduction-and-evolution","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F01.introduction-and-evolution",{"title":3844,"path":3845,"stem":3846},"Анатомія HTTP-запиту","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-request-structure","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F02.http-request-structure",{"title":3848,"path":3849,"stem":3850},"Анатомія HTTP-відповіді","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-response-structure","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F03.http-response-structure",{"title":3852,"path":3853,"stem":3854},"Методи HTTP та їхня семантика","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-methods","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F04.http-methods",{"title":3856,"path":3857,"stem":3858},"Коди статусу HTTP та їхнє призначення","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-status-codes","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F05.http-status-codes",{"title":3860,"path":3861,"stem":3862},"HTTP-заголовки та їхнє призначення","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttp-headers","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F06.http-headers",{"title":3864,"path":3865,"stem":3866},"CORS та механізми безпеки HTTP","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fcors-and-security","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F07.cors-and-security",{"title":3868,"path":3869,"stem":3870},"HTTPS та криптографічні основи TLS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fhttp-and-https\u002Fhttps-and-tls","18.web-development\u002F02.http-and-https\u002F08.https-and-tls",{"title":3872,"icon":2394,"path":3873,"stem":3874,"children":3875,"page":59},"Система типів мови TypeScript","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system",[3876,3880,3884,3888,3892,3896],{"title":3877,"path":3878,"stem":3879},"Знайомство з TypeScript Compiler","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Fintroduction-compiler-config","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F01.introduction-compiler-config",{"title":3881,"path":3882,"stem":3883},"Примітивні типи даних: string, number, boolean","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Fprimitive-special-types","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F02.primitive-special-types",{"title":3885,"path":3886,"stem":3887},"Масиви, кортежі та об","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Farrays-tuples-objects","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F03.arrays-tuples-objects",{"title":3889,"path":3890,"stem":3891},"Union типи, Intersection типи та літеральні типи","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Funion-intersection-literals","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F04.union-intersection-literals",{"title":3893,"path":3894,"stem":3895},"Type Narrowing (звуження типів)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Ftype-narrowing","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F05.type-narrowing",{"title":3897,"path":3898,"stem":3899},"Типізація функцій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-type-system\u002Ffunctions-typing","18.web-development\u002F03.typescript-type-system\u002F06.functions-typing",{"title":3901,"icon":2394,"path":3902,"stem":3903,"children":3904,"page":59},"Розширені засоби мови TypeScript","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced",[3905,3909,3913,3917,3921,3925],{"title":3906,"path":3907,"stem":3908},"Interfaces та Classes","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Finterfaces-classes","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F01.interfaces-classes",{"title":3910,"path":3911,"stem":3912},"Основи Generic типів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fgenerics-fundamentals","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F02.generics-fundamentals",{"title":3914,"path":3915,"stem":3916},"Enums та Decorators","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fenums-decorators","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F03.enums-decorators",{"title":3918,"path":3919,"stem":3920},"Utility Types","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Futility-types","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F04.utility-types",{"title":3922,"path":3923,"stem":3924},"Mapped та Conditional Types","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fmapped-conditional-types","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F05.mapped-conditional-types",{"title":3926,"path":3927,"stem":3928},"Модулі та Strict Mode","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypescript-advanced\u002Fmodules-strict-mode","18.web-development\u002F04.typescript-advanced\u002F06.modules-strict-mode",{"title":3930,"icon":3931,"path":3932,"stem":3933,"children":3934,"page":59},"Платформа Node.js як середовище виконання","i-devicon-nodejs","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform",[3935,3939,3943,3947,3951,3955,3959,3963,3967,3971,3975,3978,3982],{"title":3936,"path":3937,"stem":3938},"Що таке Node.js та його архітектура","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fwhat-is-nodejs","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F01.what-is-nodejs",{"title":3940,"path":3941,"stem":3942},"Event Loop — серце Node.js","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fevent-loop","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F02.event-loop",{"title":3944,"path":3945,"stem":3946},"Модульні системи: CommonJS vs ES Modules","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fmodule-systems","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F03.module-systems",{"title":3948,"path":3949,"stem":3950},"npm та package.json","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fnpm-package-json","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F04.npm-package-json",{"title":3952,"path":3953,"stem":3954},"Глобальні об\\","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fglobal-objects","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F05.global-objects",{"title":3956,"path":3957,"stem":3958},"Вбудований модуль fs (File System)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fbuilt-in-modules-fs","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F06.built-in-modules-fs",{"title":3960,"path":3961,"stem":3962},"Вбудований модуль path","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fbuilt-in-modules-path","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F07.built-in-modules-path",{"title":3964,"path":3965,"stem":3966},"Вбудований модуль http","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fbuilt-in-modules-http","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F08.built-in-modules-http",{"title":3968,"path":3969,"stem":3970},"Streams — потоки даних у Node.js","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fstreams","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F09.streams",{"title":3972,"path":3973,"stem":3974},"Вбудований модуль util (Utilities)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fbuilt-in-modules-util","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F10.built-in-modules-util",{"title":3037,"path":3976,"stem":3977},"\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fenvironment-variables","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F11.environment-variables",{"title":3979,"path":3980,"stem":3981},"Інструменти налагодження та розробки","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fdebugging-tools","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F12.debugging-tools",{"title":3983,"path":3984,"stem":3985},"Продуктивність та Best Practices","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnodejs-platform\u002Fperformance-best-practices","18.web-development\u002F05.nodejs-platform\u002F13.performance-best-practices",{"title":3987,"icon":3988,"path":3989,"stem":3990,"children":3991,"page":59},"Асинхронне програмування у Node.js","i-lucide-clock","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs",[3992,3996,4000,4004,4008,4012,4016,4020,4024,4028,4032],{"title":3993,"path":3994,"stem":3995},"Синхронний vs асинхронний код","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fsync-vs-async","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F01.sync-vs-async",{"title":3997,"path":3998,"stem":3999},"Callbacks — перша парадигма асинхронності","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fcallbacks","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F02.callbacks",{"title":4001,"path":4002,"stem":4003},"Promises — стандарт асинхронності","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fpromises","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F03.promises",{"title":4005,"path":4006,"stem":4007},"Promise комбінатори","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fpromise-combinators","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F04.promise-combinators",{"title":4009,"path":4010,"stem":4011},"Async\u002FAwait — синтаксичний цукор над Promises","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fasync-await","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F05.async-await",{"title":4013,"path":4014,"stem":4015},"Паралельне vs послідовне виконання","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fparallel-vs-sequential","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F06.parallel-vs-sequential",{"title":4017,"path":4018,"stem":4019},"EventEmitter — подієва модель Node.js","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fevent-emitter","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F07.event-emitter",{"title":4021,"path":4022,"stem":4023},"Worker Threads — багатопотоковість у Node.js","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fworker-threads","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F08.worker-threads",{"title":4025,"path":4026,"stem":4027},"Child Processes — запуск зовнішніх процесів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fchild-processes","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F09.child-processes",{"title":4029,"path":4030,"stem":4031},"Обробка помилок у асинхронному коді","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Ferror-handling","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F10.error-handling",{"title":4033,"path":4034,"stem":4035},"Порівняння Node.js фреймворків","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fasync-programming-nodejs\u002Fnodejs-frameworks","18.web-development\u002F06.async-programming-nodejs\u002F11.nodejs-frameworks",{"title":4037,"icon":4038,"path":4039,"stem":4040,"children":4041,"page":59},"Тема 7. Фреймворк NestJS. Контролери та маршрутизація","i-lucide-route","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing",[4042,4046,4050,4054,4058,4062,4066,4070,4074,4078,4082,4086,4090,4094,4098,4102,4106,4110,4114,4118,4122,4126],{"title":4043,"path":4044,"stem":4045},"Філософія та архітектура NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fnestjs-philosophy","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F01.nestjs-philosophy",{"title":4047,"path":4048,"stem":4049},"Три стовпи архітектури: модулі, контролери, провайдери","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fthree-pillars","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F02.three-pillars",{"title":4051,"path":4052,"stem":4053},"Інверсія керування (IoC) та ін","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fioc-and-di","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F03.ioc-and-di",{"title":4055,"path":4056,"stem":4057},"Встановлення NestJS CLI та створення проєкту","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fnestjs-cli-setup","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F04.nestjs-cli-setup",{"title":4059,"path":4060,"stem":4061},"Структура проєкту NestJS та конвенції","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fproject-structure","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F05.project-structure",{"title":4063,"path":4064,"stem":4065},"Контролери: основи маршрутизації","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fcontrollers-basics","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F06.controllers-basics",{"title":4067,"path":4068,"stem":4069},"Декоратори маршрутизації HTTP-методів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Froute-decorators","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F07.route-decorators",{"title":4071,"path":4072,"stem":4073},"Параметри маршруту та декоратор @Param","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Froute-parameters","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F08.route-parameters",{"title":4075,"path":4076,"stem":4077},"Query-параметри та декоратор @Query","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fquery-parameters","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F09.query-parameters",{"title":4079,"path":4080,"stem":4081},"Тіло запиту та декоратор @Body","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Frequest-body","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F10.request-body",{"title":4083,"path":4084,"stem":4085},"Робота з заголовками запиту та відповіді","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fheaders-decorators","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F11.headers-decorators",{"title":4087,"path":4088,"stem":4089},"Data Transfer Objects (DTO): визначення та призначення","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fdto-introduction","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F12.dto-introduction",{"title":4091,"path":4092,"stem":4093},"Об'єкти Request та Response","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Frequest-response-objects","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F13.request-response-objects",{"title":4095,"path":4096,"stem":4097},"HTTP-статус коди та декоратор @HttpCode","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fhttp-status-codes","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F14.http-status-codes",{"title":4099,"path":4100,"stem":4101},"Перенаправлення (Redirects) та декоратор @Redirect","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fredirects","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F15.redirects",{"title":4103,"path":4104,"stem":4105},"Асинхронні обробники та Observables","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fasync-handlers","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F16.async-handlers",{"title":4107,"path":4108,"stem":4109},"Маршрутизація за піддоменами та версіонування API","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fsub-domain-routing","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F17.sub-domain-routing",{"title":4111,"path":4112,"stem":4113},"Області видимості контролерів (Scopes)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fcontroller-scopes","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F18.controller-scopes",{"title":4115,"path":4116,"stem":4117},"Основні команди NestJS CLI","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fnestjs-cli-commands","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F19.nestjs-cli-commands",{"title":4119,"path":4120,"stem":4121},"Практичний приклад: створення CRUD-контролера","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fcrud-example","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F20.crud-example",{"title":4123,"path":4124,"stem":4125},"Тестування контролерів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Ftesting-controllers","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F21.testing-controllers",{"title":4127,"path":4128,"stem":4129},"Best Practices для контролерів та маршрутизації","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-controllers-routing\u002Fbest-practices","18.web-development\u002F07.nestjs-controllers-routing\u002F22.best-practices",{"title":4131,"icon":4132,"path":4133,"stem":4134,"children":4135,"page":59},"Тема 8. Провайдери, сервіси та модульна система NestJS","i-lucide-package","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules",[4136,4140,4144,4148,4152,4156,4160,4164,4168,4172,4176,4180,4184,4188,4192],{"title":4137,"path":4138,"stem":4139},"Концепція провайдерів у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fproviders-concept","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F01.providers-concept",{"title":4141,"path":4142,"stem":4143},"Сервіси: інкапсуляція бізнес-логіки","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fservices-business-logic","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F02.services-business-logic",{"title":4145,"path":4146,"stem":4147},"Практика ін","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fdependency-injection-practice","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F03.dependency-injection-practice",{"title":4149,"path":4150,"stem":4151},"Custom Providers: useValue, useClass, useFactory, useExisting","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fcustom-providers","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F04.custom-providers",{"title":4153,"path":4154,"stem":4155},"Injection Tokens: рядкові та символьні токени","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Finjection-tokens","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F05.injection-tokens",{"title":4157,"path":4158,"stem":4159},"Опціональні провайдери та декоратор @Optional","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Foptional-providers","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F07.optional-providers",{"title":4161,"path":4162,"stem":4163},"Структура модулів: imports, controllers, providers, exports","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fmodules-structure","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F08.modules-structure",{"title":4165,"path":4166,"stem":4167},"Feature Modules: ізоляція функціональності","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Ffeature-modules","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F09.feature-modules",{"title":4169,"path":4170,"stem":4171},"Shared Modules: перевикористання провайдерів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fshared-modules","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F10.shared-modules",{"title":4173,"path":4174,"stem":4175},"Global Modules та декоратор @Global","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fglobal-modules","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F11.global-modules",{"title":4177,"path":4178,"stem":4179},"Dynamic Modules: конфігурація під час виконання","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fdynamic-modules","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F12.dynamic-modules",{"title":4181,"path":4182,"stem":4183},"Циклічні залежності та forwardRef","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fcircular-dependencies","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F13.circular-dependencies",{"title":4185,"path":4186,"stem":4187},"Lifecycle Hooks: хуки життєвого циклу","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Flifecycle-hooks","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F14.lifecycle-hooks",{"title":4189,"path":4190,"stem":4191},"ModuleRef: динамічний доступ до провайдерів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Fmodule-reference","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F15.module-reference",{"title":4193,"path":4194,"stem":4195},"Тестування сервісів та провайдерів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-providers-modules\u002Ftesting-services","18.web-development\u002F08.nestjs-providers-modules\u002F16.testing-services",{"title":4197,"icon":4198,"path":4199,"stem":4200,"children":4201,"page":59},"Тема 9. Валідація даних та конвеєр обробки запитів у NestJS","i-lucide-filter","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline",[4202,4206,4210,4214,4218,4222,4226,4230,4234,4238,4242,4246,4250,4254,4258,4262,4266,4270,4274],{"title":4203,"path":4204,"stem":4205},"Request Pipeline: конвеєр обробки запитів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Frequest-pipeline","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F01.request-pipeline",{"title":4207,"path":4208,"stem":4209},"Pipes: концепція трансформації та валідації","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fpipes-concept","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F02.pipes-concept",{"title":4211,"path":4212,"stem":4213},"Вбудовані pipes: ParseIntPipe, ParseBoolPipe, ParseUUIDPipe","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fbuilt-in-pipes","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F03.built-in-pipes",{"title":4215,"path":4216,"stem":4217},"ValidationPipe: автоматична валідація DTO","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fvalidation-pipe","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F04.validation-pipe",{"title":4219,"path":4220,"stem":4221},"Декоратори class-validator для DTO","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fclass-validator-decorators","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F05.class-validator-decorators",{"title":4223,"path":4224,"stem":4225},"Створення кастомних валідаторів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fcustom-validators","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F06.custom-validators",{"title":4227,"path":4228,"stem":4229},"Створення власних Pipes","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fcustom-pipes","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F07.custom-pipes",{"title":4231,"path":4232,"stem":4233},"Основи Middleware","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fmiddleware-basics","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F08.middleware-basics",{"title":4235,"path":4236,"stem":4237},"Практичні приклади Middleware","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fmiddleware-examples","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F09.middleware-examples",{"title":4239,"path":4240,"stem":4241},"Guards: захисні перехоплювачі доступу","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fguards-concept","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F10.guards-concept",{"title":4243,"path":4244,"stem":4245},"Створення кастомних Guards","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fcustom-guards","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F11.custom-guards",{"title":4247,"path":4248,"stem":4249},"Interceptors: перехоплення та трансформація відповідей","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Finterceptors-concept","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F12.interceptors-concept",{"title":4251,"path":4252,"stem":4253},"Практичні приклади Interceptors","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Finterceptor-examples","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F13.interceptor-examples",{"title":4255,"path":4256,"stem":4257},"Exception Filters: обробка виключень","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fexception-filters","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F14.exception-filters",{"title":4259,"path":4260,"stem":4261},"Custom Exception Filters: спеціалізовані фільтри","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fcustom-exception-filters","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F15.custom-exception-filters",{"title":4263,"path":4264,"stem":4265},"Execution Context: контекст виконання","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fexecution-context","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F16.execution-context",{"title":4267,"path":4268,"stem":4269},"Custom Decorators: власні декоратори","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fcustom-decorators","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F17.custom-decorators",{"title":4271,"path":4272,"stem":4273},"Global Components: глобальні компоненти","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fglobal-components","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F18.global-components",{"title":4275,"path":4276,"stem":4277},"Pipeline Best Practices: найкращі практики","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fnestjs-validation-pipeline\u002Fpipeline-best-practices","18.web-development\u002F09.nestjs-validation-pipeline\u002F19.pipeline-best-practices",{"title":4279,"icon":2761,"path":4280,"stem":4281,"children":4282,"page":59},"Інтеграція реляційних баз даних засобами TypeORM","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration",[4283,4287,4291,4295,4299,4303,4307],{"title":4284,"path":4285,"stem":4286},"Робота з базами даних у Node.js через нативні драйвери","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F01-nodejs-database-drivers","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F01-nodejs-database-drivers",{"title":4288,"path":4289,"stem":4290},"ORM та знайомство з TypeORM","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F02-orm-and-typeorm-intro","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F02-orm-and-typeorm-intro",{"title":4292,"path":4293,"stem":4294},"Налаштування TypeORM у NestJS проєкті","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F03-typeorm-setup-nestjs","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F03-typeorm-setup-nestjs",{"title":4296,"path":4297,"stem":4298},"Entity класи та декоратори TypeORM","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F04-entities-and-decorators","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F04-entities-and-decorators",{"title":4300,"path":4301,"stem":4302},"Repository Pattern та CRUD операції","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F05-repository-pattern-crud","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F05-repository-pattern-crud",{"title":4304,"path":4305,"stem":4306},"Пагінація та фільтрація даних","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F06-pagination-filtering","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F06-pagination-filtering",{"title":4308,"path":4309,"stem":4310},"QueryBuilder для складних запитів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftypeorm-integration\u002F07-query-builder","18.web-development\u002F10.typeorm-integration\u002F07-query-builder",{"title":4312,"icon":4313,"path":4314,"stem":4315,"children":4316,"page":59},"Зв'язки між сутностями, міграції та оптимізація запитів","i-lucide-git-branch","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations",[4317,4321,4325,4329,4333],{"title":4318,"path":4319,"stem":4320},"Зв'язки One-to-Many та Many-to-One","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations\u002F01-one-to-many-many-to-one","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations\u002F01-one-to-many-many-to-one",{"title":4322,"path":4323,"stem":4324},"Зв'язки One-to-One та Many-to-Many","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations\u002F02-one-to-one-many-to-many","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations\u002F02-one-to-one-many-to-many",{"title":4326,"path":4327,"stem":4328},"Керування міграціями бази даних","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations\u002F03-migrations-management","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations\u002F03-migrations-management",{"title":4330,"path":4331,"stem":4332},"Транзакції у TypeORM","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations\u002F04-transactions","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations\u002F04-transactions",{"title":4334,"path":4335,"stem":4336,"children":4337},"Індекси та оптимізація запитів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fentity-relations-migrations\u002F05-indexes-optimization","18.web-development\u002F11.entity-relations-migrations\u002F05-indexes-optimization",[4338],{"title":4334,"path":4335,"stem":4336},{"title":4340,"icon":4341,"path":4342,"stem":4343,"children":4344,"page":59},"Механізми автентифікації у вебзастосунках","i-lucide-key","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication",[4345,4349,4353,4357,4361,4365,4369,4373,4377],{"title":4346,"path":4347,"stem":4348},"Автентифікація vs Авторизація","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F01-authentication-vs-authorization","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F01-authentication-vs-authorization",{"title":4350,"path":4351,"stem":4352},"Стратегії автентифікації","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F02-authentication-strategies","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F02-authentication-strategies",{"title":4354,"path":4355,"stem":4356},"Автентифікація на основі сесій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F03-session-based-authentication","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F03-session-based-authentication",{"title":4358,"path":4359,"stem":4360},"Структура JSON Web Token (JWT)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F04-jwt-structure","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F04-jwt-structure",{"title":4362,"path":4363,"stem":4364},"Інтеграція JWT у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F05-nestjs-jwt-integration","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F05-nestjs-jwt-integration",{"title":4366,"path":4367,"stem":4368},"Passport.js стратегії у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F06-passport-strategies","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F06-passport-strategies",{"title":4370,"path":4371,"stem":4372},"Безпечне зберігання паролів: хешування та криптографічний захист","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F07-password-hashing","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F07-password-hashing",{"title":4374,"path":4375,"stem":4376},"Refresh Token та безпечне оновлення доступу","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F08-refresh-tokens","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F08-refresh-tokens",{"title":4378,"path":4379,"stem":4380},"OAuth 2.0 та OpenID Connect: делегована автентифікація","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthentication\u002F09-oauth2-openid","18.web-development\u002F12.authentication\u002F09-oauth2-openid",{"title":4382,"icon":4383,"path":4384,"stem":4385,"children":4386,"page":59},"Авторизація та безпека серверних застосунків","i-lucide-shield","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security",[4387,4391,4395,4399,4403,4407,4411,4415,4419,4423],{"title":4388,"path":4389,"stem":4390},"Моделі авторизації","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F01-authorization-models","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F01-authorization-models",{"title":4392,"path":4393,"stem":4394},"Реалізація RBAC у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F02-rbac-implementation","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F02-rbac-implementation",{"title":4396,"path":4397,"stem":4398},"Permission-Based Access Control","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F03-permission-based-access","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F03-permission-based-access",{"title":4400,"path":4401,"stem":4402},"ABAC та бібліотека CASL","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F04-abac-casl","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F04-abac-casl",{"title":4404,"path":4405,"stem":4406},"Кастомні декоратори та метадані","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F05-custom-decorators-metadata","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F05-custom-decorators-metadata",{"title":4408,"path":4409,"stem":4410},"Конфігурація CORS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F06-cors-configuration","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F06-cors-configuration",{"title":4412,"path":4413,"stem":4414},"Захист через HTTP Security Headers (Helmet)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F07-helmet-security-headers","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F07-helmet-security-headers",{"title":4416,"path":4417,"stem":4418},"Rate Limiting та Throttling","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F08-rate-limiting-throttling","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F08-rate-limiting-throttling",{"title":4420,"path":4421,"stem":4422},"Захист від поширених атак","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F09-common-attacks-protection","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F09-common-attacks-protection",{"title":4424,"path":4425,"stem":4426},"HTTPS у продакшені","\u002Fweb-development\u002Fauthorization-security\u002F10-https-production","18.web-development\u002F13.authorization-security\u002F10-https-production",{"title":4428,"icon":871,"path":4429,"stem":4430,"children":4431,"page":59},"Комунікація у реальному часі, нотифікації та фонові задачі","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs",[4432,4436,4440,4444,4448,4452,4455,4458,4462,4466],{"title":4433,"path":4434,"stem":4435},"Методи комунікації у реальному часі","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F01-realtime-communication-methods","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F01-realtime-communication-methods",{"title":4437,"path":4438,"stem":4439},"WebSocket Gateway у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F02-websocket-gateway","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F02-websocket-gateway",{"title":4441,"path":4442,"stem":4443},"Lifecycle та Rooms у WebSocket","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F03-websocket-lifecycle-rooms","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F03-websocket-lifecycle-rooms",{"title":4445,"path":4446,"stem":4447},"Server-Sent Events (SSE)","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F04-server-sent-events","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F04-server-sent-events",{"title":4449,"path":4450,"stem":4451},"Архітектура системи нотифікацій","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F05-notification-system","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F05-notification-system",{"title":904,"path":4453,"stem":4454},"\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F06-email-notifications","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F06-email-notifications",{"title":900,"path":4456,"stem":4457},"\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F07-web-push-notifications","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F07-web-push-notifications",{"title":4459,"path":4460,"stem":4461},"Фонові задачі та черги","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F08-background-jobs-queues","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F08-background-jobs-queues",{"title":4463,"path":4464,"stem":4465},"Планувальники та Cron jobs","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F09-schedulers-cron","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F09-schedulers-cron",{"title":4467,"path":4468,"stem":4469},"Практичні сценарії застосування","\u002Fweb-development\u002Frealtime-notifications-jobs\u002F10-practical-scenarios","18.web-development\u002F14.realtime-notifications-jobs\u002F10-practical-scenarios",{"title":4471,"icon":4472,"path":4473,"stem":4474,"children":4475,"page":59},"Тестування, документування та розгортання застосунків","i-lucide-rocket","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment",[4476,4480,4484,4488,4492,4496,4500,4504,4508,4512],{"title":4477,"path":4478,"stem":4479},"Піраміда тестування та стратегія","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F01-testing-pyramid-strategy","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F01-testing-pyramid-strategy",{"title":4481,"path":4482,"stem":4483},"Основи Jest у NestJS","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F02-jest-nestjs-basics","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F02-jest-nestjs-basics",{"title":4485,"path":4486,"stem":4487},"Unit-тестування сервісів","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F03-unit-testing-services","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F03-unit-testing-services",{"title":4489,"path":4490,"stem":4491},"E2E тестування та покриття коду","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F04-e2e-testing-coverage","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F04-e2e-testing-coverage",{"title":4493,"path":4494,"stem":4495},"Swagger, OpenAPI, Scalar та Arazzo","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F05-swagger-openapi","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F05-swagger-openapi",{"title":4497,"path":4498,"stem":4499},"Керування конфігурацією","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F06-configuration-management","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F06-configuration-management",{"title":4501,"path":4502,"stem":4503},"Docker та контейнеризація","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F07-docker-containerization","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F07-docker-containerization",{"title":4505,"path":4506,"stem":4507},"CI\u002FCD Pipelines","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F08-cicd-pipelines","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F08-cicd-pipelines",{"title":4509,"path":4510,"stem":4511},"Логування та моніторинг","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F09-logging-monitoring","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F09-logging-monitoring",{"title":4513,"path":4514,"stem":4515},"Серіалізація та компресія","\u002Fweb-development\u002Ftesting-documentation-deployment\u002F10-serialization-compression","18.web-development\u002F15.testing-documentation-deployment\u002F10-serialization-compression",{"title":4517,"path":4518,"stem":4519,"children":4520,"page":59},"Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind","21.tailwind",[4521,4525,4529,4533,4537,4541,4545,4549,4553,4557,4561,4565],{"title":4522,"path":4523,"stem":4524},"Що таке Tailwind CSS і навіщо він потрібен","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-intro-philosophy","21.tailwind\u002F01.tailwind-intro-philosophy",{"title":4526,"path":4527,"stem":4528},"Встановлення та налаштування Tailwind CSS v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-installation-setup","21.tailwind\u002F02.tailwind-installation-setup",{"title":4530,"path":4531,"stem":4532},"Utility-класи: основи та система Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-utility-classes-core","21.tailwind\u002F03.tailwind-utility-classes-core",{"title":4534,"path":4535,"stem":4536},"Layout: Flexbox та Grid через Tailwind","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-flexbox-grid","21.tailwind\u002F04.tailwind-flexbox-grid",{"title":4538,"path":4539,"stem":4540},"Кастомізація теми через @theme у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-theme-customization","21.tailwind\u002F05.tailwind-theme-customization",{"title":4542,"path":4543,"stem":4544},"Варіанти: hover, focus, responsive, dark mode та нові v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-variants-states","21.tailwind\u002F06.tailwind-variants-states",{"title":4546,"path":4547,"stem":4548},"Типографіка та система кольорів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-typography-colors","21.tailwind\u002F07.tailwind-typography-colors",{"title":4550,"path":4551,"stem":4552},"Компоненти та повторюваність: @apply, @utility та патерни","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-components-patterns","21.tailwind\u002F08.tailwind-components-patterns",{"title":4554,"path":4555,"stem":4556},"Темна тема та система дизайн-токенів у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-dark-mode-theming","21.tailwind\u002F09.tailwind-dark-mode-theming",{"title":4558,"path":4559,"stem":4560},"Довільні значення та контейнерні запити у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-arbitrary-container-queries","21.tailwind\u002F10.tailwind-arbitrary-container-queries",{"title":4562,"path":4563,"stem":4564},"Анімації, трансформації та 3D у Tailwind v4","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-animations-transforms","21.tailwind\u002F11.tailwind-animations-transforms",{"title":4566,"path":4567,"stem":4568},"Tailwind CLI, PostCSS та інтеграція з фреймворками","\u002Ftailwind\u002Ftailwind-cli-tooling","21.tailwind\u002F12.tailwind-cli-tooling",{"title":4570,"path":4571,"stem":4572},"Тестування компонентів діаграм","\u002Ftest-components","98.test-components",{"id":4574,"title":1921,"body":4575,"description":14602,"extension":14603,"links":14604,"meta":14605,"navigation":4667,"path":1922,"seo":14606,"stem":1923,"__hash__":14607},"docs\u002F02.cpp\u002F52.constructors.md",{"type":4576,"value":4577,"toc":14572},"minimark",[4578,4583,4596,4604,5076,5104,5118,5122,5128,5131,5195,5199,5207,5213,5528,5555,5571,5600,5604,5614,5620,5878,5895,5952,6032,6036,6042,6055,6272,6279,6439,6497,6503,6507,6526,6586,6601,6750,6792,6812,6816,6830,6833,6964,6971,7121,7124,7228,7239,7244,7251,7516,7523,7549,7563,7570,7868,7871,8149,8159,8163,8175,8367,8372,8613,8625,8629,8640,8651,9034,9071,9080,9133,9157,9161,9168,9178,9553,9582,9597,9601,9614,9620,9959,9970,10006,10010,10017,10290,10300,10355,10360,10364,10379,10382,10386,10396,10845,10868,10889,10927,10931,10938,10945,12013,12049,12128,12264,12268,12278,12493,12555,12559,12656,12704,12708,12714,12944,12947,12952,12964,12982,12986,12993,14396,14400,14407,14531,14568],[4579,4580,4582],"h2",{"id":4581},"проблема-неініціалізованих-обєктів","Проблема неініціалізованих об'єктів",[4584,4585,4586,4587,4591,4592],"p",{},"У попередніх статтях ми розглянули інкапсуляцію та специфікатори доступу. Ми навчилися робити поля класу приватними (",[4588,4589,4590],"code",{},"private","), створювати геттери і сеттери для контрольованого доступу. Проте залишається одна фундаментальна проблема: ",[4593,4594,4595],"strong",{},"як ініціалізувати об'єкт під час його створення?",[4584,4597,4598,4599,4603],{},"Розглянемо клас, що моделює математичний дріб (",[4600,4601,4602],"em",{},"fraction","):",[4605,4606,4611],"pre",{"className":4607,"code":4608,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"language-cpp shiki shiki-themes light-plus dark-plus dark-plus","class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n    \n    void setNumerator(int n) { numerator = n; }\n    void setDenominator(int d) \n    {\n        if (d != 0) {\n            denominator = d;\n        }\n    }\n    \n    double getValue() const \n    {\n        return static_cast\u003Cdouble>(numerator) \u002F denominator;\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Fraction half;\n    \n    \u002F\u002F Проблема: поля містять сміття!\n    cout \u003C\u003C half.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";  \u002F\u002F Невизначена поведінка\n    \n    \u002F\u002F Потрібно вручну викликати сеттери\n    half.setNumerator(1);\n    half.setDenominator(2);\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C half.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";  \u002F\u002F Тепер коректно: 0.5\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n","cpp","",[4588,4612,4613,4626,4633,4639,4652,4662,4669,4675,4702,4722,4728,4760,4778,4784,4806,4818,4824,4830,4835,4851,4856,4884,4889,4895,4900,4911,4916,4927,4932,4939,4976,4981,4987,5006,5023,5028,5054,5059,5070],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,4615,4618,4622],"span",{"class":4616,"line":4617},"line",1,[4614,4619,4621],{"class":4620},"su1O8","class",[4614,4623,4625],{"class":4624},"sN1BT"," Fraction\n",[4614,4627,4629],{"class":4616,"line":4628},2,[4614,4630,4632],{"class":4631},"sHH4Y","{\n",[4614,4634,4636],{"class":4616,"line":4635},3,[4614,4637,4638],{"class":4620},"private:\n",[4614,4640,4642,4645,4649],{"class":4616,"line":4641},4,[4614,4643,4644],{"class":4620},"    int",[4614,4646,4648],{"class":4647},"siwwj"," numerator",[4614,4650,4651],{"class":4631},";\n",[4614,4653,4655,4657,4660],{"class":4616,"line":4654},5,[4614,4656,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,4658,4659],{"class":4647}," denominator",[4614,4661,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,4663,4665],{"class":4616,"line":4664},6,[4614,4666,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},true,"\n",[4614,4670,4672],{"class":4616,"line":4671},7,[4614,4673,4674],{"class":4620},"public:\n",[4614,4676,4678,4680,4684,4687,4690,4693,4697,4699],{"class":4616,"line":4677},8,[4614,4679,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,4681,4683],{"class":4682},"s8Opu"," getNumerator",[4614,4685,4686],{"class":4631},"() ",[4614,4688,4689],{"class":4620},"const",[4614,4691,4692],{"class":4631}," { ",[4614,4694,4696],{"class":4695},"s8xlr","return",[4614,4698,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,4700,4701],{"class":4631},"; }\n",[4614,4703,4705,4707,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720],{"class":4616,"line":4704},9,[4614,4706,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,4708,4709],{"class":4682}," getDenominator",[4614,4711,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,4713,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,4715,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,4717,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,4719,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,4721,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,4723,4725],{"class":4616,"line":4724},10,[4614,4726,4727],{"class":4631},"    \n",[4614,4729,4731,4734,4737,4740,4743,4746,4749,4752,4755,4758],{"class":4616,"line":4730},11,[4614,4732,4733],{"class":4620},"    void",[4614,4735,4736],{"class":4682}," setNumerator",[4614,4738,4739],{"class":4631},"(",[4614,4741,4742],{"class":4620},"int",[4614,4744,4745],{"class":4647}," n",[4614,4747,4748],{"class":4631},") { ",[4614,4750,4751],{"class":4647},"numerator",[4614,4753,4754],{"class":4631}," = ",[4614,4756,4757],{"class":4647},"n",[4614,4759,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,4761,4763,4765,4768,4770,4772,4775],{"class":4616,"line":4762},12,[4614,4764,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,4766,4767],{"class":4682}," setDenominator",[4614,4769,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,4771,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,4773,4774],{"class":4647}," d",[4614,4776,4777],{"class":4631},") \n",[4614,4779,4781],{"class":4616,"line":4780},13,[4614,4782,4783],{"class":4631},"    {\n",[4614,4785,4787,4790,4793,4796,4799,4803],{"class":4616,"line":4786},14,[4614,4788,4789],{"class":4695},"        if",[4614,4791,4792],{"class":4631}," (",[4614,4794,4795],{"class":4647},"d",[4614,4797,4798],{"class":4631}," != ",[4614,4800,4802],{"class":4801},"sJj4R","0",[4614,4804,4805],{"class":4631},") {\n",[4614,4807,4809,4812,4814,4816],{"class":4616,"line":4808},15,[4614,4810,4811],{"class":4647},"            denominator",[4614,4813,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,4815,4795],{"class":4647},[4614,4817,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,4819,4821],{"class":4616,"line":4820},16,[4614,4822,4823],{"class":4631},"        }\n",[4614,4825,4827],{"class":4616,"line":4826},17,[4614,4828,4829],{"class":4631},"    }\n",[4614,4831,4833],{"class":4616,"line":4832},18,[4614,4834,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,4836,4838,4841,4844,4846,4848],{"class":4616,"line":4837},19,[4614,4839,4840],{"class":4620},"    double",[4614,4842,4843],{"class":4682}," getValue",[4614,4845,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,4847,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,4849,4850],{"class":4631}," \n",[4614,4852,4854],{"class":4616,"line":4853},20,[4614,4855,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,4857,4859,4862,4865,4868,4871,4874,4876,4879,4882],{"class":4616,"line":4858},21,[4614,4860,4861],{"class":4695},"        return",[4614,4863,4864],{"class":4620}," static_cast",[4614,4866,4867],{"class":4631},"\u003C",[4614,4869,4870],{"class":4620},"double",[4614,4872,4873],{"class":4631},">(",[4614,4875,4751],{"class":4647},[4614,4877,4878],{"class":4631},") \u002F ",[4614,4880,4881],{"class":4647},"denominator",[4614,4883,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,4885,4887],{"class":4616,"line":4886},22,[4614,4888,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,4890,4892],{"class":4616,"line":4891},23,[4614,4893,4894],{"class":4631},"};\n",[4614,4896,4898],{"class":4616,"line":4897},24,[4614,4899,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,4901,4903,4905,4908],{"class":4616,"line":4902},25,[4614,4904,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,4906,4907],{"class":4682}," main",[4614,4909,4910],{"class":4631},"()\n",[4614,4912,4914],{"class":4616,"line":4913},26,[4614,4915,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,4917,4919,4922,4925],{"class":4616,"line":4918},27,[4614,4920,4921],{"class":4624},"    Fraction",[4614,4923,4924],{"class":4647}," half",[4614,4926,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,4928,4930],{"class":4616,"line":4929},28,[4614,4931,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,4933,4935],{"class":4616,"line":4934},29,[4614,4936,4938],{"class":4937},"spJ8K","    \u002F\u002F Проблема: поля містять сміття!\n",[4614,4940,4942,4945,4948,4951,4954,4957,4960,4964,4968,4970,4973],{"class":4616,"line":4941},30,[4614,4943,4944],{"class":4647},"    cout",[4614,4946,4947],{"class":4631}," \u003C\u003C ",[4614,4949,4950],{"class":4647},"half",[4614,4952,4953],{"class":4631},".",[4614,4955,4956],{"class":4682},"getValue",[4614,4958,4959],{"class":4631},"() \u003C\u003C ",[4614,4961,4963],{"class":4962},"sbdoH","\"",[4614,4965,4967],{"class":4966},"sjcCO","\\n",[4614,4969,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,4971,4972],{"class":4631},";",[4614,4974,4975],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Невизначена поведінка\n",[4614,4977,4979],{"class":4616,"line":4978},31,[4614,4980,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,4982,4984],{"class":4616,"line":4983},32,[4614,4985,4986],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Потрібно вручну викликати сеттери\n",[4614,4988,4990,4993,4995,4998,5000,5003],{"class":4616,"line":4989},33,[4614,4991,4992],{"class":4647},"    half",[4614,4994,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,4996,4997],{"class":4682},"setNumerator",[4614,4999,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5001,5002],{"class":4801},"1",[4614,5004,5005],{"class":4631},");\n",[4614,5007,5009,5011,5013,5016,5018,5021],{"class":4616,"line":5008},34,[4614,5010,4992],{"class":4647},[4614,5012,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,5014,5015],{"class":4682},"setDenominator",[4614,5017,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5019,5020],{"class":4801},"2",[4614,5022,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,5024,5026],{"class":4616,"line":5025},35,[4614,5027,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051],{"class":4616,"line":5030},36,[4614,5032,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,5034,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,5036,4950],{"class":4647},[4614,5038,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,5040,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,5042,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,5044,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5046,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,5048,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5050,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,5052,5053],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Тепер коректно: 0.5\n",[4614,5055,5057],{"class":4616,"line":5056},37,[4614,5058,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5060,5062,5065,5068],{"class":4616,"line":5061},38,[4614,5063,5064],{"class":4695},"    return",[4614,5066,5067],{"class":4801}," 0",[4614,5069,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5071,5073],{"class":4616,"line":5072},39,[4614,5074,5075],{"class":4631},"}\n",[5077,5078,5079,5080,5082,5083,5085,5086,5088,5089,5092,5093,5096,5097,4792,5100,5103],"warning",{},"Після створення об'єкта ",[4588,5081,4950],{}," його поля ",[4588,5084,4751],{}," і ",[4588,5087,4881],{}," містять ",[4593,5090,5091],{},"сміття"," — невизначені значення з пам'яті. Виклик ",[4588,5094,5095],{},"getValue()"," у цей момент спричиняє ",[4593,5098,5099],{},"невизначену поведінку",[4600,5101,5102],{},"undefined behavior","): програма може вивести будь-яке число, зависнути або аварійно завершитися.",[4584,5105,5106,5107,5110,5111,4792,5114,5117],{},"Цю проблему можна вирішити вручну — викликати сеттери одразу після створення об'єкта. Але це незручно, ненадійно і вимагає дисципліни від кожного, хто використовує клас. Краще було б ",[4593,5108,5109],{},"гарантувати коректну ініціалізацію автоматично"," під час створення об'єкта. Саме для цього існують ",[4593,5112,5113],{},"конструктори",[4600,5115,5116],{},"constructors",").",[4579,5119,5121],{"id":5120},"що-таке-конструктор","Що таке конструктор",[4584,5123,5124,5127],{},[4593,5125,5126],{},"Конструктор"," — це спеціальний метод класу, який автоматично викликається під час створення об'єкта. Його призначення — виконати ініціалізацію змінних-членів класу та виконати будь-які підготовчі дії, необхідні для роботи об'єкта (наприклад, відкрити файл, встановити з'єднання з базою даних, виділити динамічну пам'ять).",[4584,5129,5130],{},"Конструктори підпорядковуються особливим правилам іменування та сигнатури:",[5132,5133,5134,5180],"card-group",{},[5135,5136,5139],"card",{"icon":5137,"title":5138},"i-lucide-list-checks","📝 Правила конструкторів",[5140,5141,5142,5156,5166,5173],"ul",{},[5143,5144,5145,5148,5149,5152,5153],"li",{},[4593,5146,5147],{},"Ім'я конструктора"," збігається з ім'ям класу (з урахуванням регістру): клас ",[4588,5150,5151],{},"Fraction"," → конструктор ",[4588,5154,5155],{},"Fraction()",[5143,5157,5158,5161,5162,5165],{},[4593,5159,5160],{},"Немає типу повернення"," — навіть не ",[4588,5163,5164],{},"void",". Конструктор не повертає значення, бо його завдання — ініціалізувати вже створений об'єкт",[5143,5167,5168,5169,5172],{},"Конструктор ",[4593,5170,5171],{},"може бути перевантаженим"," — клас може мати кілька конструкторів з різними параметрами",[5143,5174,5175,5176,5179],{},"Конструктор викликається ",[4593,5177,5178],{},"автоматично"," під час створення об'єкта; не потрібно викликати його явно",[5135,5181,5184,5185,5188,5189,5192,5193,4953],{"icon":5182,"title":5183},"i-lucide-alert-triangle","⚠️ Важливе застереження","Конструктор призначений ",[4593,5186,5187],{},"лише для ініціалізації нового об'єкта",". Не можна викликати конструктор на вже існуючому об'єкті для «повторної ініціалізації». Спроба зробити це (",[4588,5190,5191],{},"half.Fraction(3, 5);",") або не скомпілюється, або створить тимчасовий об'єкт і одразу його знищить — але не перезапише існуючий ",[4588,5194,4950],{},[4579,5196,5198],{"id":5197},"конструктор-за-замовчуванням","Конструктор за замовчуванням",[4584,5200,5201,4792,5203,5206],{},[4593,5202,5198],{},[4600,5204,5205],{},"default constructor",") — це конструктор, що не має параметрів (або має параметри, всі з яких мають значення за замовчуванням). Він викликається, коли користувач створює об'єкт без аргументів.",[4584,5208,5209,5210,5212],{},"Додамо конструктор за замовчуванням до класу ",[4588,5211,5151],{},":",[4605,5214,5217],{"className":4607,"code":5215,"filename":5216,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор за замовчуванням\n    Fraction()\n    {\n        numerator = 0;\n        denominator = 1;\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n    \n    double getValue() const \n    {\n        return static_cast\u003Cdouble>(numerator) \u002F denominator;\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Fraction zero;  \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction() — конструктор за замовчуванням\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C zero.getNumerator() \u003C\u003C \"\u002F\" \u003C\u003C zero.getDenominator() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Value: \" \u003C\u003C zero.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n","Fraction.cpp",[4588,5218,5219,5227,5231,5244,5248,5254,5258,5262,5270,5278,5282,5286,5291,5297,5301,5312,5323,5327,5331,5349,5367,5371,5383,5387,5407,5411,5415,5419,5427,5431,5443,5447,5485,5512,5516,5524],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,5220,5221,5224],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,5222,5223],{"class":4695},"#include",[4614,5225,5226],{"class":4962}," \u003Ciostream>\n",[4614,5228,5229],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,5230,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5232,5233,5236,5239,5242],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,5234,5235],{"class":4695},"using",[4614,5237,5238],{"class":4620}," namespace",[4614,5240,5241],{"class":4624}," std",[4614,5243,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5245,5246],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,5247,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5249,5250,5252],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,5251,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,5253,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,5255,5256],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,5257,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,5259,5260],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,5261,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,5263,5264,5266,5268],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,5265,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5267,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,5269,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5271,5272,5274,5276],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,5273,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5275,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,5277,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5279,5280],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,5281,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5283,5284],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,5285,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,5287,5288],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,5289,5290],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор за замовчуванням\n",[4614,5292,5293,5295],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,5294,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,5296,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,5298,5299],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,5300,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,5302,5303,5306,5308,5310],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,5304,5305],{"class":4647},"        numerator",[4614,5307,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,5309,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,5311,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5313,5314,5317,5319,5321],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,5315,5316],{"class":4647},"        denominator",[4614,5318,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,5320,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5322,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5324,5325],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,5326,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,5328,5329],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,5330,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5332,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,5334,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5336,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,5338,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5340,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5342,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,5344,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,5346,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,5348,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,5350,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363,5365],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,5352,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5354,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,5356,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5358,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5360,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,5362,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,5364,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,5366,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,5368,5369],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,5370,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5372,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,5374,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,5376,4843],{"class":4682},[4614,5378,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5380,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5382,4850],{"class":4631},[4614,5384,5385],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,5386,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,5388,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,5390,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,5392,4864],{"class":4620},[4614,5394,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,5396,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,5398,4873],{"class":4631},[4614,5400,4751],{"class":4647},[4614,5402,4878],{"class":4631},[4614,5404,4881],{"class":4647},[4614,5406,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5408,5409],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,5410,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,5412,5413],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,5414,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,5416,5417],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,5418,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5420,5421,5423,5425],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,5422,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,5424,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,5426,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,5428,5429],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,5430,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,5432,5433,5435,5438,5440],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,5434,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,5436,5437],{"class":4647}," zero",[4614,5439,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,5441,5442],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction() — конструктор за замовчуванням\n",[4614,5444,5445],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,5446,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5448,5449,5451,5453,5456,5458,5461,5463,5466,5468,5470,5472,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,5450,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,5452,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,5454,5455],{"class":4647},"zero",[4614,5457,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,5459,5460],{"class":4682},"getNumerator",[4614,5462,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,5464,5465],{"class":4962},"\"\u002F\"",[4614,5467,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,5469,5455],{"class":4647},[4614,5471,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,5473,5474],{"class":4682},"getDenominator",[4614,5476,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,5478,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5480,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,5482,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5484,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5486,5487,5489,5491,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,5488,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,5490,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,5492,5493],{"class":4962},"\"Value: \"",[4614,5495,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,5497,5455],{"class":4647},[4614,5499,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,5501,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,5503,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,5505,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5507,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,5509,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,5511,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5513,5514],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,5515,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5517,5518,5520,5522],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,5519,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,5521,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,5523,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5525,5526],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,5527,5075],{"class":4631},[5529,5530,5532,5547,5551],"terminal-preview",{"title":5531},"g++ Fraction.cpp -o fraction && .\u002Ffraction",[5533,5534,5536,5541,5542],"div",{"className":5535},[4616],[4614,5537,5540],{"className":5538},[5539],"opacity-40","$"," ",[4593,5543,5546],{"className":5544},[5545],"font-bold",".\u002Ffraction",[5533,5548,5550],{"className":5549},[4616],"0\u002F1",[5533,5552,5554],{"className":5553},[4616],"Value: 0",[4584,5556,5557,5558,5560,5561,5564,5565,5567,5568,5570],{},"Тепер об'єкт ",[4588,5559,5455],{}," одразу після створення має ",[4593,5562,5563],{},"коректні значення",": чисельник ",[4588,5566,4802],{},", знаменник ",[4588,5569,5002],{},". Конструктор спрацював автоматично — нам не потрібно було нічого викликати вручну.",[5572,5573,5574,5575,4792,5578,5581,5582,5584,5585,5587,5588,5591,5592,5595,5596,5599],"note",{},"Конструктор за замовчуванням найчастіше використовується для ",[4593,5576,5577],{},"встановлення безпечних початкових значень",[4600,5579,5580],{},"safe defaults","). Для класу ",[4588,5583,5151],{}," це ",[4588,5586,5550],{}," (дріб, що дорівнює нулю). Для класу ",[4588,5589,5590],{},"BankAccount"," це могло б бути баланс ",[4588,5593,5594],{},"0.0"," і статус «активний». Для класу ",[4588,5597,5598],{},"Timer"," — зафіксувати поточний момент часу.",[4579,5601,5603],{"id":5602},"параметризовані-конструктори","Параметризовані конструктори",[4584,5605,5606,5607,4792,5610,5613],{},"Конструктор за замовчуванням забезпечує безпечну ініціалізацію, але часто потрібно створити об'єкт із конкретними початковими значеннями. Для цього використовуються ",[4593,5608,5609],{},"параметризовані конструктори",[4600,5611,5612],{},"parameterized constructors",") — конструктори, що приймають один або більше параметрів.",[4584,5615,5616,5617,5619],{},"Додамо до класу ",[4588,5618,5151],{}," параметризований конструктор:",[4605,5621,5624],{"className":4607,"code":5622,"filename":5216,"highlights":5623,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор за замовчуванням\n    Fraction()\n    {\n        numerator = 0;\n        denominator = 1;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Параметризований конструктор\n    Fraction(int num, int den)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n        denominator = (den != 0) ? den : 1;  \u002F\u002F Захист від ділення на нуль\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n    \n    double getValue() const \n    {\n        return static_cast\u003Cdouble>(numerator) \u002F denominator;\n    }\n};\n",[4786,4808,4820,4826,4832,4837,4853,4858],[4588,5625,5626,5632,5636,5640,5648,5656,5660,5664,5668,5674,5678,5688,5698,5702,5708,5714,5737,5742,5754,5784,5789,5794,5812,5830,5834,5846,5850,5870,5874],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,5627,5628,5630],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,5629,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,5631,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,5633,5634],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,5635,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,5637,5638],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,5639,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,5641,5642,5644,5646],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,5643,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5645,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,5647,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5649,5650,5652,5654],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,5651,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5653,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,5655,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5657,5658],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,5659,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5661,5662],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,5663,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,5665,5666],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,5667,5290],{"class":4937},[4614,5669,5670,5672],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,5671,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,5673,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,5675,5676],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,5677,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,5679,5680,5682,5684,5686],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,5681,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,5683,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,5685,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,5687,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5689,5690,5692,5694,5696],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,5691,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,5693,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,5695,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5697,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5699,5700],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,5701,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,5703,5706],{"class":5704,"line":4786},[4616,5705],"highlight",[4614,5707,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5709,5711],{"class":5710,"line":4808},[4616,5705],[4614,5712,5713],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Параметризований конструктор\n",[4614,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5726,5729,5731,5734],{"class":5716,"line":4820},[4616,5705],[4614,5718,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,5720,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5722,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,5724,5725],{"class":4647}," num",[4614,5727,5728],{"class":4631},", ",[4614,5730,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,5732,5733],{"class":4647}," den",[4614,5735,5736],{"class":4631},")\n",[4614,5738,5740],{"class":5739,"line":4826},[4616,5705],[4614,5741,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,5743,5745,5747,5749,5752],{"class":5744,"line":4832},[4616,5705],[4614,5746,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,5748,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,5750,5751],{"class":4647},"num",[4614,5753,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5755,5757,5759,5762,5765,5767,5769,5772,5774,5777,5779,5781],{"class":5756,"line":4837},[4616,5705],[4614,5758,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,5760,5761],{"class":4631}," = (",[4614,5763,5764],{"class":4647},"den",[4614,5766,4798],{"class":4631},[4614,5768,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,5770,5771],{"class":4631},") ? ",[4614,5773,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,5775,5776],{"class":4631}," : ",[4614,5778,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5780,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,5782,5783],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Захист від ділення на нуль\n",[4614,5785,5787],{"class":5786,"line":4853},[4616,5705],[4614,5788,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,5790,5792],{"class":5791,"line":4858},[4616,5705],[4614,5793,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,5795,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804,5806,5808,5810],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,5797,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5799,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,5801,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5803,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5805,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,5807,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,5809,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,5811,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,5813,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,5815,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,5817,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,5819,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5821,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5823,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,5825,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,5827,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,5829,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,5831,5832],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,5833,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,5835,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,5837,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,5839,4843],{"class":4682},[4614,5841,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,5843,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,5845,4850],{"class":4631},[4614,5847,5848],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,5849,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,5851,5852,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5866,5868],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,5853,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,5855,4864],{"class":4620},[4614,5857,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,5859,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,5861,4873],{"class":4631},[4614,5863,4751],{"class":4647},[4614,5865,4878],{"class":4631},[4614,5867,4881],{"class":4647},[4614,5869,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,5871,5872],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,5873,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,5875,5876],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,5877,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,5879,5880,5881,5883,5884,5887,5888,4792,5891,5894],{},"Тепер у класі ",[4588,5882,5151],{}," є ",[4593,5885,5886],{},"два конструктори",". Завдяки ",[4593,5889,5890],{},"перевантаженню функцій",[4600,5892,5893],{},"function overloading","), компілятор вибере потрібний конструктор на основі переданих аргументів:",[4605,5896,5898],{"className":4607,"code":5897,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Fraction zero;          \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction() — без параметрів\nFraction half(1, 2);    \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(int, int) — два параметра\nFraction third(1, 3);   \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(int, int)\n",[4588,5899,5900,5911,5931],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,5901,5902,5904,5906,5908],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,5903,5151],{"class":4647},[4614,5905,5437],{"class":4647},[4614,5907,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,5909,5910],{"class":4937},"          \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction() — без параметрів\n",[4614,5912,5913,5915,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5928],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,5914,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,5916,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,5918,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5920,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5922,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,5924,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,5926,5927],{"class":4631},");",[4614,5929,5930],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(int, int) — два параметра\n",[4614,5932,5933,5935,5938,5940,5942,5944,5947,5949],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,5934,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,5936,5937],{"class":4682}," third",[4614,5939,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5941,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5943,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,5945,5946],{"class":4801},"3",[4614,5948,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,5950,5951],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(int, int)\n",[5953,5954,5955,5977,6029],"tip",{},[4584,5956,5957,5958,4792,5961,5964,5965,5968,5969,5972,5973,5976],{},"Використовуйте ",[4593,5959,5960],{},"пряму ініціалізацію",[4600,5962,5963],{},"direct initialization",") з дужками ",[4588,5966,5967],{},"()"," або ",[4593,5970,5971],{},"uniform initialization"," (фігурні дужки ",[4588,5974,5975],{},"{}",", доступні з C++11) для створення об'єктів:",[4605,5978,5980],{"className":4607,"code":5979,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"\u002F\u002F Пряма ініціалізація (класичний синтаксис C++)\nFraction half(1, 2);\n\n\u002F\u002F Uniform initialization (C++11 і новіше)\nFraction third{1, 3};\n",[4588,5981,5982,5987,6003,6007,6012],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,5983,5984],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,5985,5986],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Пряма ініціалізація (класичний синтаксис C++)\n",[4614,5988,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,5990,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,5992,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,5994,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,5996,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,5998,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6000,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,6002,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,6004,6005],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6006,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6008,6009],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6010,6011],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Uniform initialization (C++11 і новіше)\n",[4614,6013,6014,6016,6018,6021,6023,6025,6027],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6015,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,6017,5937],{"class":4647},[4614,6019,6020],{"class":4631},"{",[4614,6022,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6024,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6026,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,6028,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,6030,6031],{},"Обидва підходи викликають конструктор однаково ефективно.",[4579,6033,6035],{"id":6034},"зменшення-кількості-конструкторів-через-параметри-за-замовчуванням","Зменшення кількості конструкторів через параметри за замовчуванням",[4584,6037,6038,6039,6041],{},"У попередньому прикладі клас ",[4588,6040,5151],{}," має два окремі конструктори: один без параметрів і один із двома параметрами. Це працює, але створює дублювання логіки. Обидва конструктори виконують схожу роботу — ініціалізацію полів класу.",[4584,6043,6044,6045,6048,6049,4792,6052,4603],{},"Замість двох окремих конструкторів можна створити ",[4593,6046,6047],{},"один універсальний"," за допомогою ",[4593,6050,6051],{},"параметрів за замовчуванням",[4600,6053,6054],{},"default parameters",[4605,6056,6058],{"className":4607,"code":6057,"filename":5216,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Один конструктор із параметрами за замовчуванням\n    \u002F\u002F Може працювати як конструктор за замовчуванням (0 аргументів),\n    \u002F\u002F як конструктор з одним аргументом (тільки чисельник)\n    \u002F\u002F або з двома аргументами (чисельник і знаменник)\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n        denominator = (den != 0) ? den : 1;\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n    \n    double getValue() const \n    {\n        return static_cast\u003Cdouble>(numerator) \u002F denominator;\n    }\n};\n",[4588,6059,6060,6066,6070,6074,6082,6090,6094,6098,6103,6108,6113,6118,6144,6148,6158,6180,6184,6188,6206,6224,6228,6240,6244,6264,6268],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6061,6062,6064],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6063,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,6065,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,6067,6068],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6069,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,6071,6072],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6073,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,6075,6076,6078,6080],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6077,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6079,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,6081,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6083,6084,6086,6088],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6085,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6087,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,6089,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6091,6092],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,6093,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6095,6096],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,6097,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,6099,6100],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,6101,6102],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Один конструктор із параметрами за замовчуванням\n",[4614,6104,6105],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,6106,6107],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Може працювати як конструктор за замовчуванням (0 аргументів),\n",[4614,6109,6110],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,6111,6112],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F як конструктор з одним аргументом (тільки чисельник)\n",[4614,6114,6115],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,6116,6117],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F або з двома аргументами (чисельник і знаменник)\n",[4614,6119,6120,6122,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,6121,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,6123,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6125,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,6127,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,6129,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6131,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,6133,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6135,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,6137,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,6139,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6141,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6143,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,6145,6146],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,6147,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,6151,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,6153,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6155,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,6157,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6159,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,6161,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,6163,5761],{"class":4631},[4614,6165,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,6167,4798],{"class":4631},[4614,6169,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,6171,5771],{"class":4631},[4614,6173,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,6175,5776],{"class":4631},[4614,6177,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6179,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6181,6182],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,6183,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,6185,6186],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,6187,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6189,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,6191,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6193,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,6195,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6197,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6199,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,6201,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,6203,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,6205,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,6207,6208,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,6209,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6211,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,6213,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6215,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6217,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,6219,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,6221,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,6223,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,6225,6226],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,6227,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,6229,6230,6232,6234,6236,6238],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,6231,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,6233,4843],{"class":4682},[4614,6235,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6237,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6239,4850],{"class":4631},[4614,6241,6242],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,6243,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,6247,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,6249,4864],{"class":4620},[4614,6251,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,6253,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,6255,4873],{"class":4631},[4614,6257,4751],{"class":4647},[4614,6259,4878],{"class":4631},[4614,6261,4881],{"class":4647},[4614,6263,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6265,6266],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,6267,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,6269,6270],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,6271,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,6273,6274,6275,6278],{},"Тепер ",[4593,6276,6277],{},"один конструктор"," обробляє всі три сценарії:",[4605,6280,6282],{"className":4607,"code":6281,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int main()\n{\n    Fraction zero;           \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(0, 1) — обидва параметри за замовчуванням\n    Fraction five(5);        \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(5, 1) — другий параметр за замовчуванням\n    Fraction half(1, 2);     \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(1, 2) — обидва параметри явні\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C zero.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";   \u002F\u002F 0\n    cout \u003C\u003C five.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";   \u002F\u002F 5\n    cout \u003C\u003C half.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";   \u002F\u002F 0.5\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,6283,6284,6292,6296,6307,6324,6343,6347,6372,6398,6423,6427,6435],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6285,6286,6288,6290],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6287,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,6289,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,6291,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,6293,6294],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6295,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,6297,6298,6300,6302,6304],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6299,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,6301,5437],{"class":4647},[4614,6303,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6305,6306],{"class":4937},"           \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(0, 1) — обидва параметри за замовчуванням\n",[4614,6308,6309,6311,6314,6316,6319,6321],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6310,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,6312,6313],{"class":4682}," five",[4614,6315,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6317,6318],{"class":4801},"5",[4614,6320,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,6322,6323],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(5, 1) — другий параметр за замовчуванням\n",[4614,6325,6326,6328,6330,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6327,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,6329,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,6331,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6333,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6335,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6337,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,6339,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,6341,6342],{"class":4937},"     \u002F\u002F Викликається Fraction(1, 2) — обидва параметри явні\n",[4614,6344,6345],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,6346,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,6348,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365,6367,6369],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,6350,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,6352,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,6354,5455],{"class":4647},[4614,6356,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,6358,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,6360,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,6362,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6364,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,6366,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6368,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6370,6371],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F 0\n",[4614,6373,6374,6376,6378,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,6375,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,6377,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,6379,6380],{"class":4647},"five",[4614,6382,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,6384,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,6386,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,6388,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6390,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,6392,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6394,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6396,6397],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F 5\n",[4614,6399,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418,6420],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,6401,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,6403,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,6405,4950],{"class":4647},[4614,6407,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,6409,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,6411,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,6413,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6415,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,6417,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,6419,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6421,6422],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F 0.5\n",[4614,6424,6425],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,6426,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,6428,6429,6431,6433],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,6430,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,6432,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,6434,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6436,6437],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,6438,5075],{"class":4631},[5132,6440,6441,6471],{},[5135,6442,6445],{"icon":6443,"title":6444},"i-lucide-thumbs-up","✅ Переваги об'єднання конструкторів",[5140,6446,6447,6453,6459,6465],{},[5143,6448,6449,6452],{},[4593,6450,6451],{},"Менше дублювання коду"," — логіка ініціалізації записана один раз",[5143,6454,6455,6458],{},[4593,6456,6457],{},"Легше підтримувати"," — зміни вносяться в одне місце",[5143,6460,6461,6464],{},[4593,6462,6463],{},"Гнучкість використання"," — один конструктор покриває кілька сценаріїв",[5143,6466,6467,6470],{},[4593,6468,6469],{},"Читабельність"," — менше методів для розуміння класу",[5135,6472,6475,6478],{"icon":6473,"title":6474},"i-lucide-scale","⚖️ Коли залишати окремі конструктори",[4584,6476,6477],{},"Іноді кілька конструкторів з різною логікою є доцільними:",[5140,6479,6480,6491,6494],{},[5143,6481,6482,6483,6486,6487,6490],{},"Різні способи побудови об'єкта (наприклад, ",[4588,6484,6485],{},"Date(int day, int month, int year)"," vs ",[4588,6488,6489],{},"Date(string isoString)",")",[5143,6492,6493],{},"Складна валідація параметрів залежно від їх типу",[5143,6495,6496],{},"Різні джерела даних (з файлу, з мережі, з пам'яті)",[5953,6498,6499,6502],{},[4593,6500,6501],{},"Правило практики:"," Намагайтеся мінімізувати кількість конструкторів класу через розумне використання параметрів за замовчуванням. Це робить клас простішим у використанні та обслуговуванні.",[4579,6504,6506],{"id":6505},"копіююча-ініціалізація-чому-її-слід-уникати","Копіююча ініціалізація: чому її слід уникати",[4584,6508,6509,6510,6512,6513,6515,6516,4792,6519,6522,6523,5212],{},"Окрім прямої ініціалізації з дужками ",[4588,6511,5967],{}," та uniform initialization з фігурними дужками ",[4588,6514,5975],{},", C++ дозволяє ще один синтаксис — ",[4593,6517,6518],{},"копіюючу ініціалізацію",[4600,6520,6521],{},"copy initialization",") зі знаком ",[4588,6524,6525],{},"=",[4605,6527,6529],{"className":4607,"code":6528,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int age = 25;                     \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація для фундаментального типу\nFraction half = Fraction(1, 2);   \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація для класу (явно створюємо тимчасовий об'єкт)\nFraction third = 3;                \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація з неявною конвертацією\n",[4588,6530,6531,6548,6571],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6532,6533,6535,6538,6540,6543,6545],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6534,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,6536,6537],{"class":4647}," age",[4614,6539,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6541,6542],{"class":4801},"25",[4614,6544,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6546,6547],{"class":4937},"                     \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація для фундаментального типу\n",[4614,6549,6550,6552,6554,6556,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6551,5151],{"class":4647},[4614,6553,4924],{"class":4647},[4614,6555,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6557,5151],{"class":4682},[4614,6559,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6561,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6563,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6565,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,6567,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,6569,6570],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація для класу (явно створюємо тимчасовий об'єкт)\n",[4614,6572,6573,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6574,5151],{"class":4647},[4614,6576,5937],{"class":4647},[4614,6578,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6580,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,6582,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,6584,6585],{"class":4937},"                \u002F\u002F Копіююча ініціалізація з неявною конвертацією\n",[4584,6587,6588,6589,5728,6591,5728,6593,6596,6597,6600],{},"Для фундаментальних типів (",[4588,6590,4742],{},[4588,6592,4870],{},[4588,6594,6595],{},"char",") копіююча ініціалізація працює однаково з прямою. Проте для ",[4593,6598,6599],{},"класів"," ці підходи мають принципові відмінності:",[6602,6603,6604,6645,6699],"code-group",{},[4605,6605,6608],{"className":4607,"code":6606,"filename":6607,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Fraction half(1, 2);\n\n\u002F\u002F Компілятор:\n\u002F\u002F 1. Виділяє пам'ять для об'єкта half\n\u002F\u002F 2. Викликає конструктор Fraction(1, 2) безпосередньо для half\n","Пряма ініціалізація (рекомендовано)",[4588,6609,6610,6626,6630,6635,6640],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6611,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6613,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,6615,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,6617,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6619,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6621,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6623,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,6625,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,6627,6628],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6629,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6631,6632],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6633,6634],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Компілятор:\n",[4614,6636,6637],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6638,6639],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 1. Виділяє пам'ять для об'єкта half\n",[4614,6641,6642],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6643,6644],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 2. Викликає конструктор Fraction(1, 2) безпосередньо для half\n",[4605,6646,6649],{"className":4607,"code":6647,"filename":6648,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Fraction half = Fraction(1, 2);\n\n\u002F\u002F Компілятор:\n\u002F\u002F 1. Створює тимчасовий об'єкт Fraction(1, 2)\n\u002F\u002F 2. Копіює тимчасовий об'єкт у half (може викликати конструктор копіювання)\n\u002F\u002F 3. Знищує тимчасовий об'єкт\n\u002F\u002F (Хоча сучасні компілятори часто оптимізують це, поведінка може бути непередбачуваною)\n","Копіююча ініціалізація (не рекомендовано)",[4588,6650,6651,6671,6675,6679,6684,6689,6694],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6652,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6654,5151],{"class":4647},[4614,6656,4924],{"class":4647},[4614,6658,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6660,5151],{"class":4682},[4614,6662,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,6664,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,6666,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,6668,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,6670,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,6672,6673],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6674,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6676,6677],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6678,6634],{"class":4937},[4614,6680,6681],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6682,6683],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 1. Створює тимчасовий об'єкт Fraction(1, 2)\n",[4614,6685,6686],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6687,6688],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 2. Копіює тимчасовий об'єкт у half (може викликати конструктор копіювання)\n",[4614,6690,6691],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,6692,6693],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 3. Знищує тимчасовий об'єкт\n",[4614,6695,6696],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,6697,6698],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F (Хоча сучасні компілятори часто оптимізують це, поведінка може бути непередбачуваною)\n",[4605,6700,6703],{"className":4607,"code":6701,"filename":6702,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Fraction third = 3;\n\n\u002F\u002F Компілятор:\n\u002F\u002F 1. Намагається знайти спосіб конвертувати 3 у Fraction\n\u002F\u002F 2. Знаходить конструктор Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n\u002F\u002F 3. Створює тимчасовий Fraction(3, 1)\n\u002F\u002F 4. Копіює його у third\n\u002F\u002F 5. Знищує тимчасовий об'єкт\n","Копіююча ініціалізація з конвертацією",[4588,6704,6705,6717,6721,6725,6730,6735,6740,6745],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6706,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6708,5151],{"class":4647},[4614,6710,5937],{"class":4647},[4614,6712,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6714,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,6716,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6718,6719],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6720,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6722,6723],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6724,6634],{"class":4937},[4614,6726,6727],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6728,6729],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 1. Намагається знайти спосіб конвертувати 3 у Fraction\n",[4614,6731,6732],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6733,6734],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 2. Знаходить конструктор Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n",[4614,6736,6737],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,6738,6739],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 3. Створює тимчасовий Fraction(3, 1)\n",[4614,6741,6742],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,6743,6744],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 4. Копіює його у third\n",[4614,6746,6747],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,6748,6749],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F 5. Знищує тимчасовий об'єкт\n",[5077,6751,6752,6757],{},[4584,6753,6754],{},[4593,6755,6756],{},"Чому копіююча ініціалізація небажана для класів:",[5140,6758,6759,6766,6780,6786],{},[5143,6760,6761,6762,6765],{},"Може призвести до ",[4593,6763,6764],{},"додаткових викликів конструктора копіювання"," (що ми розглянемо у статті 59)",[5143,6767,6768,6771,6772,6775,6776,6779],{},[4593,6769,6770],{},"Неявні конвертації типів"," можуть спричинити тонкі помилки — ",[4588,6773,6774],{},"Fraction f = 5;"," компілюється без помилок, але створює об'єкт ",[4588,6777,6778],{},"5\u002F1",", що може бути несподіваним",[5143,6781,6782,6785],{},[4593,6783,6784],{},"Менш ефективна"," — навіть якщо компілятор оптимізує копіювання, читабельність коду гірша",[5143,6787,6788,6791],{},[4593,6789,6790],{},"Непередбачувана поведінка"," при складних типах із динамічною пам'яттю",[5953,6793,6794,6797,6798,5541,6800,5968,6803,5541,6805,6808,6809],{},[4593,6795,6796],{},"Правило стилю:"," Завжди використовуйте ",[4593,6799,5960],{},[4588,6801,6802],{},"Fraction half(1, 2);",[4593,6804,5971],{},[4588,6806,6807],{},"Fraction half{1, 2};"," для об'єктів класів. Уникайте копіюючої ініціалізації ",[4588,6810,6811],{},"Fraction half = ...;",[4579,6813,6815],{"id":6814},"неявний-конструктор-за-замовчуванням","Неявний конструктор за замовчуванням",[4584,6817,6818,6819,6822,6823,4792,6826,6829],{},"Якщо ви ",[4593,6820,6821],{},"не визначите жодного конструктора"," у класі, компілятор C++ автоматично створить для вас ",[4593,6824,6825],{},"неявний конструктор за замовчуванням",[4600,6827,6828],{},"implicitly-generated default constructor","). Цей конструктор є публічним, не приймає параметрів і має пусте тіло.",[4584,6831,6832],{},"Розглянемо клас без явних конструкторів:",[4605,6834,6836],{"className":4607,"code":6835,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Date\n{\nprivate:\n    int day = 15;\n    int month = 9;\n    int year = 2026;\n\npublic:\n    int getDay() const { return day; }\n    int getMonth() const { return month; }\n    int getYear() const { return year; }\n};\n",[4588,6837,6838,6845,6849,6853,6867,6881,6895,6899,6903,6922,6941,6960],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6839,6840,6842],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6841,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,6843,6844],{"class":4624}," Date\n",[4614,6846,6847],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6848,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,6850,6851],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6852,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,6854,6855,6857,6860,6862,6865],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6856,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6858,6859],{"class":4647}," day",[4614,6861,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6863,6864],{"class":4801},"15",[4614,6866,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6868,6869,6871,6874,6876,6879],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,6870,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6872,6873],{"class":4647}," month",[4614,6875,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6877,6878],{"class":4801},"9",[4614,6880,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6882,6883,6885,6888,6890,6893],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,6884,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6886,6887],{"class":4647}," year",[4614,6889,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6891,6892],{"class":4801},"2026",[4614,6894,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,6896,6897],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,6898,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,6900,6901],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,6902,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,6904,6905,6907,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,6906,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6908,6909],{"class":4682}," getDay",[4614,6911,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6913,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6915,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,6917,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,6919,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,6921,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,6923,6924,6926,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,6925,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6927,6928],{"class":4682}," getMonth",[4614,6930,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6932,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6934,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,6936,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,6938,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,6940,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,6942,6943,6945,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,6944,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6946,6947],{"class":4682}," getYear",[4614,6949,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,6951,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,6953,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,6955,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,6957,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,6959,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,6961,6962],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,6963,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,6965,6966,6967,6970],{},"Хоча ми не написали жодного конструктора, компілятор ",[4593,6968,6969],{},"неявно додає"," наступний:",[4605,6972,6974],{"className":4607,"code":6973,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Date\n{\nprivate:\n    int day = 15;\n    int month = 9;\n    int year = 2026;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Неявний конструктор, згенерований компілятором\n    Date()\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F Пусте тіло — ініціалізація відбувається через значення за замовчуванням полів\n    }\n\n    int getDay() const { return day; }\n    int getMonth() const { return month; }\n    int getYear() const { return year; }\n};\n",[4588,6975,6976,6982,6986,6990,7002,7014,7026,7030,7034,7039,7046,7050,7055,7059,7063,7081,7099,7117],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,6977,6978,6980],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,6979,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,6981,6844],{"class":4624},[4614,6983,6984],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,6985,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,6987,6988],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,6989,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,6991,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,6993,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,6995,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,6997,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,6999,6864],{"class":4801},[4614,7001,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7003,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,7005,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7007,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7009,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7011,6878],{"class":4801},[4614,7013,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7015,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,7017,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7019,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7021,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7023,6892],{"class":4801},[4614,7025,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7027,7028],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,7029,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7031,7032],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,7033,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,7035,7036],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,7037,7038],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Неявний конструктор, згенерований компілятором\n",[4614,7040,7041,7044],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,7042,7043],{"class":4682},"    Date",[4614,7045,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,7047,7048],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,7049,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,7051,7052],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,7053,7054],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Пусте тіло — ініціалізація відбувається через значення за замовчуванням полів\n",[4614,7056,7057],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,7058,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,7060,7061],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,7062,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7064,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,7066,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7068,6909],{"class":4682},[4614,7070,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7072,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7074,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7076,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7078,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7080,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7082,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,7084,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7086,6928],{"class":4682},[4614,7088,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7090,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7092,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7094,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7096,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7098,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,7102,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7104,6947],{"class":4682},[4614,7106,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7108,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7110,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7112,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7114,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7116,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7118,7119],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,7120,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,7122,7123],{},"Цей неявний конструктор дозволяє створювати об'єкти:",[4605,7125,7127],{"className":4607,"code":7126,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int main()\n{\n    Date today;  \u002F\u002F Викликається неявний Date() — поля отримають значення 15, 9, 2026\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C today.getDay() \u003C\u003C \"\u002F\" \u003C\u003C today.getMonth() \u003C\u003C \"\u002F\" \u003C\u003C today.getYear() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    \u002F\u002F Вивід: 15\u002F9\u002F2026\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,7128,7129,7137,7141,7153,7157,7207,7212,7216,7224],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,7130,7131,7133,7135],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,7132,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7134,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,7136,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,7138,7139],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,7140,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7142,7143,7145,7148,7150],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,7144,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,7146,7147],{"class":4647}," today",[4614,7149,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,7151,7152],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Викликається неявний Date() — поля отримають значення 15, 9, 2026\n",[4614,7154,7155],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,7156,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,7158,7159,7161,7163,7166,7168,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179,7181,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,7160,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,7162,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,7164,7165],{"class":4647},"today",[4614,7167,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,7169,7170],{"class":4682},"getDay",[4614,7172,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,7174,5465],{"class":4962},[4614,7176,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,7178,7165],{"class":4647},[4614,7180,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,7182,7183],{"class":4682},"getMonth",[4614,7185,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,7187,5465],{"class":4962},[4614,7189,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,7191,7165],{"class":4647},[4614,7193,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,7195,7196],{"class":4682},"getYear",[4614,7198,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,7200,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,7202,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,7204,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,7206,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7208,7209],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,7210,7211],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Вивід: 15\u002F9\u002F2026\n",[4614,7213,7214],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,7215,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,7217,7218,7220,7222],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,7219,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,7221,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,7223,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7225,7226],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,7227,5075],{"class":4631},[5572,7229,7230,7231,7234,7235,7238],{},"Неявний конструктор за замовчуванням ",[4593,7232,7233],{},"зникає",", як тільки ви визначите ",[4593,7236,7237],{},"будь-який власний конструктор"," (навіть якщо це параметризований конструктор, а не конструктор за замовчуванням).",[7240,7241,7243],"h3",{"id":7242},"зникнення-неявного-конструктора","Зникнення неявного конструктора",[4584,7245,7246,7247,7250],{},"Розглянемо модифікований клас ",[4588,7248,7249],{},"Date"," з параметризованим конструктором:",[4605,7252,7254],{"className":4607,"code":7253,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Date\n{\nprivate:\n    int day;\n    int month;\n    int year;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Параметризований конструктор\n    Date(int d, int m, int y)\n    {\n        day = d;\n        month = m;\n        year = y;\n    }\n\n    int getDay() const { return day; }\n    int getMonth() const { return month; }\n    int getYear() const { return year; }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Date birthday(16, 9, 2000);   \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює — викликається Date(int, int, int)\n    \n    Date unknown;                  \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка компіляції!\n    \u002F\u002F Помилка: \"no matching constructor for initialization of 'Date'\"\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,7255,7256,7262,7266,7270,7278,7286,7294,7298,7302,7306,7332,7336,7347,7359,7371,7375,7379,7397,7415,7433,7437,7441,7449,7453,7479,7483,7495,7500,7504,7512],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,7257,7258,7260],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,7259,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,7261,6844],{"class":4624},[4614,7263,7264],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,7265,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7267,7268],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,7269,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,7271,7272,7274,7276],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,7273,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7275,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7277,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7279,7280,7282,7284],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,7281,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7283,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7285,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7287,7288,7290,7292],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,7289,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7291,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7293,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7295,7296],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,7297,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7299,7300],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,7301,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,7303,7304],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,7305,5713],{"class":4937},[4614,7307,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318,7320,7323,7325,7327,7330],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,7309,7043],{"class":4682},[4614,7311,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,7313,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7315,4774],{"class":4647},[4614,7317,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7319,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7321,7322],{"class":4647}," m",[4614,7324,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7326,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7328,7329],{"class":4647}," y",[4614,7331,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,7333,7334],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,7335,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,7337,7338,7341,7343,7345],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,7339,7340],{"class":4647},"        day",[4614,7342,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7344,4795],{"class":4647},[4614,7346,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7348,7349,7352,7354,7357],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,7350,7351],{"class":4647},"        month",[4614,7353,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7355,7356],{"class":4647},"m",[4614,7358,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7360,7361,7364,7366,7369],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,7362,7363],{"class":4647},"        year",[4614,7365,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7367,7368],{"class":4647},"y",[4614,7370,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7372,7373],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,7374,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,7376,7377],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,7378,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7380,7381,7383,7385,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,7382,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7384,6909],{"class":4682},[4614,7386,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7388,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7390,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7392,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7394,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7396,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7398,7399,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,7400,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7402,6928],{"class":4682},[4614,7404,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7406,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7408,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7410,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7412,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7414,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,7418,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7420,6947],{"class":4682},[4614,7422,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7424,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7426,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7428,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7430,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7432,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7434,7435],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,7436,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,7438,7439],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,7440,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7442,7443,7445,7447],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,7444,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7446,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,7448,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,7450,7451],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,7452,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7454,7455,7457,7460,7462,7465,7467,7469,7471,7474,7476],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,7456,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,7458,7459],{"class":4682}," birthday",[4614,7461,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,7463,7464],{"class":4801},"16",[4614,7466,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7468,6878],{"class":4801},[4614,7470,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7472,7473],{"class":4801},"2000",[4614,7475,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,7477,7478],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює — викликається Date(int, int, int)\n",[4614,7480,7481],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,7482,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,7484,7485,7487,7490,7492],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,7486,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,7488,7489],{"class":4647}," unknown",[4614,7491,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,7493,7494],{"class":4937},"                  \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка компіляції!\n",[4614,7496,7497],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,7498,7499],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Помилка: \"no matching constructor for initialization of 'Date'\"\n",[4614,7501,7502],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,7503,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,7505,7506,7508,7510],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,7507,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,7509,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,7511,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7513,7514],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,7515,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,7517,7518,7519,7522],{},"Компілятор видає помилку при створенні ",[4588,7520,7521],{},"unknown",", бо:",[7524,7525,7526,7532,7542],"ol",{},[5143,7527,7528,7529],{},"Ми визначили власний конструктор ",[4588,7530,7531],{},"Date(int, int, int)",[5143,7533,7534,7535,7538,7539],{},"Тому компілятор ",[4593,7536,7537],{},"не створив"," неявний конструктор за замовчуванням ",[4588,7540,7541],{},"Date()",[5143,7543,7544,7545,7548],{},"Виклик ",[4588,7546,7547],{},"Date unknown;"," вимагає конструктора без параметрів, якого немає",[5077,7550,7551,7554,7555,7558,7559,7562],{},[4593,7552,7553],{},"Критичне правило:"," Як тільки ви визначаєте ",[4593,7556,7557],{},"будь-який конструктор"," у класі (навіть із параметрами), компілятор ",[4593,7560,7561],{},"припиняє генерувати"," неявний конструктор за замовчуванням. Якщо ваш код десь створює об'єкти без аргументів — виникне помилка компіляції.",[4584,7564,7565,7566,7569],{},"Щоб виправити це, потрібно ",[4593,7567,7568],{},"явно визначити"," конструктор за замовчуванням:",[4605,7571,7573],{"className":4607,"code":7572,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Date\n{\nprivate:\n    int day;\n    int month;\n    int year;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Явний конструктор за замовчуванням\n    Date()\n    {\n        day = 1;\n        month = 1;\n        year = 2000;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Параметризований конструктор\n    Date(int d, int m, int y)\n    {\n        day = d;\n        month = m;\n        year = y;\n    }\n\n    int getDay() const { return day; }\n    int getMonth() const { return month; }\n    int getYear() const { return year; }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Date birthday(16, 9, 2000);   \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює\n    Date unknown;                  \u002F\u002F ✅ Тепер теж працює — викликається Date()\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,7574,7575,7581,7585,7589,7597,7605,7613,7617,7621,7626,7632,7636,7646,7656,7666,7670,7674,7678,7702,7706,7716,7726,7736,7740,7744,7762,7780,7798,7802,7806,7814,7818,7841,7852,7856,7864],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,7576,7577,7579],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,7578,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,7580,6844],{"class":4624},[4614,7582,7583],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,7584,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7586,7587],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,7588,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,7590,7591,7593,7595],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,7592,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7594,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7596,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7598,7599,7601,7603],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,7600,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7602,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7604,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7606,7607,7609,7611],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,7608,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7610,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7612,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7614,7615],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,7616,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7618,7619],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,7620,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,7622,7623],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,7624,7625],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Явний конструктор за замовчуванням\n",[4614,7627,7628,7630],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,7629,7043],{"class":4682},[4614,7631,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,7633,7634],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,7635,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,7637,7638,7640,7642,7644],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,7639,7340],{"class":4647},[4614,7641,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7643,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,7645,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7647,7648,7650,7652,7654],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,7649,7351],{"class":4647},[4614,7651,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7653,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,7655,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7657,7658,7660,7662,7664],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,7659,7363],{"class":4647},[4614,7661,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7663,7473],{"class":4801},[4614,7665,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7667,7668],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,7669,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,7671,7672],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,7673,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7675,7676],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,7677,5713],{"class":4937},[4614,7679,7680,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,7681,7043],{"class":4682},[4614,7683,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,7685,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7687,4774],{"class":4647},[4614,7689,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7691,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7693,7322],{"class":4647},[4614,7695,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7697,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7699,7329],{"class":4647},[4614,7701,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,7703,7704],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,7705,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,7709,7340],{"class":4647},[4614,7711,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7713,4795],{"class":4647},[4614,7715,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7717,7718,7720,7722,7724],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,7719,7351],{"class":4647},[4614,7721,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7723,7356],{"class":4647},[4614,7725,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7727,7728,7730,7732,7734],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,7729,7363],{"class":4647},[4614,7731,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7733,7368],{"class":4647},[4614,7735,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7737,7738],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,7739,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,7741,7742],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,7743,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7745,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,7747,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7749,6909],{"class":4682},[4614,7751,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7753,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7755,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7757,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7759,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7761,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7763,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,7765,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7767,6928],{"class":4682},[4614,7769,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7771,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7773,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7775,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7777,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7779,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7781,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,7783,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7785,6947],{"class":4682},[4614,7787,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,7789,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,7791,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,7793,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,7795,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7797,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,7799,7800],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,7801,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,7803,7804],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,7805,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7807,7808,7810,7812],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,7809,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7811,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,7813,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,7815,7816],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,7817,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7819,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832,7834,7836,7838],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,7821,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,7823,7459],{"class":4682},[4614,7825,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,7827,7464],{"class":4801},[4614,7829,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7831,6878],{"class":4801},[4614,7833,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7835,7473],{"class":4801},[4614,7837,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,7839,7840],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює\n",[4614,7842,7843,7845,7847,7849],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,7844,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,7846,7489],{"class":4647},[4614,7848,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,7850,7851],{"class":4937},"                  \u002F\u002F ✅ Тепер теж працює — викликається Date()\n",[4614,7853,7854],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,7855,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,7857,7858,7860,7862],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,7859,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,7861,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,7863,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7865,7866],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,7867,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,7869,7870],{},"Або, що простіше, об'єднати обидва конструктори через параметри за замовчуванням:",[4605,7872,7874],{"className":4607,"code":7873,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Date\n{\nprivate:\n    int day;\n    int month;\n    int year;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Один універсальний конструктор\n    Date(int d = 1, int m = 1, int y = 2000)\n    {\n        day = d;\n        month = m;\n        year = y;\n    }\n\n    int getDay() const { return day; }\n    int getMonth() const { return month; }\n    int getYear() const { return year; }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Date birthday(16, 9, 2000);   \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(16, 9, 2000)\n    Date unknown;                  \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(1, 1, 2000)\n    Date newYear(1, 1);            \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(1, 1, 2000)\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,7875,7876,7882,7886,7890,7898,7906,7914,7918,7922,7927,7963,7967,7977,7987,7997,8001,8005,8023,8041,8059,8063,8067,8075,8079,8102,8113,8133,8137,8145],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,7877,7878,7880],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,7879,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,7881,6844],{"class":4624},[4614,7883,7884],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,7885,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,7887,7888],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,7889,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,7891,7892,7894,7896],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,7893,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7895,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,7897,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7899,7900,7902,7904],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,7901,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7903,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,7905,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7907,7908,7910,7912],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,7909,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,7911,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,7913,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7915,7916],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,7917,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,7919,7920],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,7921,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,7923,7924],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,7925,7926],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Один універсальний конструктор\n",[4614,7928,7929,7931,7933,7935,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7949,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,7930,7043],{"class":4682},[4614,7932,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,7934,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7936,4774],{"class":4647},[4614,7938,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7940,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,7942,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7944,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7946,7322],{"class":4647},[4614,7948,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7950,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,7952,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,7954,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,7956,7329],{"class":4647},[4614,7958,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7960,7473],{"class":4801},[4614,7962,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,7964,7965],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,7966,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,7968,7969,7971,7973,7975],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,7970,7340],{"class":4647},[4614,7972,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7974,4795],{"class":4647},[4614,7976,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7978,7979,7981,7983,7985],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,7980,7351],{"class":4647},[4614,7982,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7984,7356],{"class":4647},[4614,7986,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7988,7989,7991,7993,7995],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,7990,7363],{"class":4647},[4614,7992,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,7994,7368],{"class":4647},[4614,7996,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,7998,7999],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,8000,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,8002,8003],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,8004,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8006,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,8008,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8010,6909],{"class":4682},[4614,8012,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8014,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8016,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8018,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8020,6859],{"class":4647},[4614,8022,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,8024,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033,8035,8037,8039],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,8026,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8028,6928],{"class":4682},[4614,8030,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8032,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8034,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8036,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8038,6873],{"class":4647},[4614,8040,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,8042,8043,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,8044,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8046,6947],{"class":4682},[4614,8048,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8050,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8052,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8054,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8056,6887],{"class":4647},[4614,8058,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,8060,8061],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,8062,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8064,8065],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,8066,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8068,8069,8071,8073],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,8070,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8072,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,8074,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,8076,8077],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,8078,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,8080,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,8082,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,8084,7459],{"class":4682},[4614,8086,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,8088,7464],{"class":4801},[4614,8090,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8092,6878],{"class":4801},[4614,8094,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8096,7473],{"class":4801},[4614,8098,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,8100,8101],{"class":4937},"   \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(16, 9, 2000)\n",[4614,8103,8104,8106,8108,8110],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,8105,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,8107,7489],{"class":4647},[4614,8109,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,8111,8112],{"class":4937},"                  \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(1, 1, 2000)\n",[4614,8114,8115,8117,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,8116,7043],{"class":4624},[4614,8118,8119],{"class":4682}," newYear",[4614,8121,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,8123,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,8125,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8127,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,8129,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,8131,8132],{"class":4937},"            \u002F\u002F ✅ Викликається Date(1, 1, 2000)\n",[4614,8134,8135],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,8136,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,8138,8139,8141,8143],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,8140,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,8142,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,8144,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8146,8147],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,8148,5075],{"class":4631},[5953,8150,8151,8154,8155,8158],{},[4593,8152,8153],{},"Найкраща практика:"," Завжди явно визначайте хоча б один конструктор у кожному класі — навіть якщо це просто пустий конструктор за замовчуванням ",[4588,8156,8157],{},"ClassName() {}",". Це дає вам повний контроль над процесом створення об'єктів і запобігає несподіванкам при додаванні інших конструкторів пізніше.",[4579,8160,8162],{"id":8161},"uniform-initialization-сучасний-синтаксис-c11","Uniform Initialization: сучасний синтаксис C++11",[4584,8164,8165,8166,8169,8170,8172,8173,5212],{},"Починаючи з ",[4593,8167,8168],{},"C++11",", мова пропонує єдиний універсальний синтаксис для ініціалізації будь-яких типів даних — ",[4593,8171,5971],{}," (уніфікована ініціалізація) з фігурними дужками ",[4588,8174,5975],{},[4605,8176,8178],{"className":4607,"code":8177,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"\u002F\u002F Фундаментальні типи\nint age{25};\ndouble pi{3.14159};\nchar grade{'A'};\n\n\u002F\u002F Об'єкти класів\nFraction half{1, 2};\nDate today{16, 9, 2026};\n\n\u002F\u002F Масиви\nint numbers[]{10, 20, 30, 40, 50};\n\n\u002F\u002F Стандартні контейнери\nstd::vector\u003Cint> values{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n",[4588,8179,8180,8185,8197,8211,8225,8229,8234,8250,8270,8274,8279,8314,8318,8323],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,8181,8182],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,8183,8184],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Фундаментальні типи\n",[4614,8186,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,8188,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8190,6537],{"class":4647},[4614,8192,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8194,6542],{"class":4801},[4614,8196,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8198,8199,8201,8204,8206,8209],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,8200,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,8202,8203],{"class":4647}," pi",[4614,8205,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8207,8208],{"class":4801},"3.14159",[4614,8210,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8212,8213,8215,8218,8220,8223],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,8214,6595],{"class":4620},[4614,8216,8217],{"class":4647}," grade",[4614,8219,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8221,8222],{"class":4962},"'A'",[4614,8224,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8226,8227],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,8228,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8230,8231],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,8232,8233],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Об'єкти класів\n",[4614,8235,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246,8248],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,8237,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,8239,4924],{"class":4647},[4614,8241,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8243,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,8245,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8247,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,8249,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8251,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,8253,7249],{"class":4624},[4614,8255,7147],{"class":4647},[4614,8257,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8259,7464],{"class":4801},[4614,8261,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8263,6878],{"class":4801},[4614,8265,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8267,6892],{"class":4801},[4614,8269,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8271,8272],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,8273,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8275,8276],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,8277,8278],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Масиви\n",[4614,8280,8281,8283,8286,8289,8292,8294,8297,8299,8302,8304,8307,8309,8312],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,8282,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8284,8285],{"class":4647}," numbers",[4614,8287,8288],{"class":4631},"[]{",[4614,8290,8291],{"class":4801},"10",[4614,8293,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8295,8296],{"class":4801},"20",[4614,8298,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8300,8301],{"class":4801},"30",[4614,8303,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8305,8306],{"class":4801},"40",[4614,8308,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8310,8311],{"class":4801},"50",[4614,8313,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8315,8316],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,8317,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8319,8320],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,8321,8322],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Стандартні контейнери\n",[4614,8324,8325,8328,8331,8334,8336,8338,8341,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358,8361,8363,8365],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,8326,8327],{"class":4624},"std",[4614,8329,8330],{"class":4631},"::",[4614,8332,8333],{"class":4624},"vector",[4614,8335,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,8337,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8339,8340],{"class":4631},"> ",[4614,8342,8343],{"class":4647},"values",[4614,8345,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8347,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,8349,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8351,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,8353,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8355,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,8357,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8359,8360],{"class":4801},"4",[4614,8362,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8364,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,8366,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,8368,8369,8370,5212],{},"Uniform initialization має кілька переваг над класичним синтаксисом з круглими дужками ",[4588,8371,5967],{},[5132,8373,8374,8472,8517],{},[5135,8375,8377,8388],{"icon":793,"title":8376},"🔒 Захист від звужуючих конвертацій",[4584,8378,8379,8380,8383,8384,8387],{},"Uniform initialization ",[4593,8381,8382],{},"не дозволяє"," неявні звужуючі конвертації (",[4600,8385,8386],{},"narrowing conversions","), що можуть призвести до втрати даних:",[4605,8389,8391],{"className":4607,"code":8390,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int x = 3.7;      \u002F\u002F ✅ Компілюється — значення обрізається до 3\nint y{3.7};       \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка компіляції — звужуюча конвертація заборонена\n\nFraction f1(1.5, 2.5);  \u002F\u002F ✅ Компілюється — дробові частини відкидаються\nFraction f2{1.5, 2.5};  \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка — параметри типу int, передано double\n",[4588,8392,8393,8410,8426,8430,8452],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,8394,8395,8397,8400,8402,8405,8407],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,8396,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8398,8399],{"class":4647}," x",[4614,8401,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,8403,8404],{"class":4801},"3.7",[4614,8406,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,8408,8409],{"class":4937},"      \u002F\u002F ✅ Компілюється — значення обрізається до 3\n",[4614,8411,8412,8414,8416,8418,8420,8423],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,8413,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8415,7329],{"class":4647},[4614,8417,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8419,8404],{"class":4801},[4614,8421,8422],{"class":4631},"};",[4614,8424,8425],{"class":4937},"       \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка компіляції — звужуюча конвертація заборонена\n",[4614,8427,8428],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,8429,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8431,8432,8434,8437,8439,8442,8444,8447,8449],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,8433,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,8435,8436],{"class":4682}," f1",[4614,8438,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,8440,8441],{"class":4801},"1.5",[4614,8443,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8445,8446],{"class":4801},"2.5",[4614,8448,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,8450,8451],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F ✅ Компілюється — дробові частини відкидаються\n",[4614,8453,8454,8456,8459,8461,8463,8465,8467,8469],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,8455,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,8457,8458],{"class":4647}," f2",[4614,8460,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8462,8441],{"class":4801},[4614,8464,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8466,8446],{"class":4801},[4614,8468,8422],{"class":4631},[4614,8470,8471],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ Помилка — параметри типу int, передано double\n",[5135,8473,8476,8479],{"icon":8474,"title":8475},"i-lucide-bug","🎯 Уникнення проблеми Most Vexing Parse",[4584,8477,8478],{},"Класичний синтаксис із круглими дужками може призвести до неоднозначності:",[4605,8480,8482],{"className":4607,"code":8481,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Date today();        \u002F\u002F ❓ Це об'єкт чи оголошення функції?\n\u002F\u002F Компілятор розцінює це як оголошення функції today(), що повертає Date\n\nDate today{};        \u002F\u002F ✅ Однозначно — це об'єкт з викликом конструктора за замовчуванням\n",[4588,8483,8484,8496,8501,8505],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,8485,8486,8488,8490,8493],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,8487,7249],{"class":4624},[4614,8489,7147],{"class":4682},[4614,8491,8492],{"class":4631},"();",[4614,8494,8495],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F ❓ Це об'єкт чи оголошення функції?\n",[4614,8497,8498],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,8499,8500],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Компілятор розцінює це як оголошення функції today(), що повертає Date\n",[4614,8502,8503],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,8504,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8506,8507,8509,8511,8514],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,8508,7249],{"class":4624},[4614,8510,7147],{"class":4647},[4614,8512,8513],{"class":4631},"{};",[4614,8515,8516],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F ✅ Однозначно — це об'єкт з викликом конструктора за замовчуванням\n",[5135,8518,8520,8523,8610],{"icon":943,"title":8519},"📦 Універсальність синтаксису",[4584,8521,8522],{},"Один синтаксис для всіх типів даних:",[4605,8524,8526],{"className":4607,"code":8525,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int a{10};              \u002F\u002F Фундаментальні типи\nFraction b{3, 5};       \u002F\u002F Класи\nint arr[]{1, 2, 3};     \u002F\u002F Масиви\nstd::string s{\"Hello\"}; \u002F\u002F Стандартні класи\n",[4588,8527,8528,8544,8564,8588],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,8529,8530,8532,8535,8537,8539,8541],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,8531,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8533,8534],{"class":4647}," a",[4614,8536,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8538,8291],{"class":4801},[4614,8540,8422],{"class":4631},[4614,8542,8543],{"class":4937},"              \u002F\u002F Фундаментальні типи\n",[4614,8545,8546,8548,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,8547,5151],{"class":4624},[4614,8549,8550],{"class":4647}," b",[4614,8552,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8554,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,8556,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8558,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,8560,8422],{"class":4631},[4614,8562,8563],{"class":4937},"       \u002F\u002F Класи\n",[4614,8565,8566,8568,8571,8573,8575,8577,8579,8581,8583,8585],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,8567,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8569,8570],{"class":4647}," arr",[4614,8572,8288],{"class":4631},[4614,8574,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,8576,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8578,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,8580,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,8582,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,8584,8422],{"class":4631},[4614,8586,8587],{"class":4937},"     \u002F\u002F Масиви\n",[4614,8589,8590,8592,8594,8597,8600,8602,8605,8607],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,8591,8327],{"class":4624},[4614,8593,8330],{"class":4631},[4614,8595,8596],{"class":4624},"string",[4614,8598,8599],{"class":4647}," s",[4614,8601,6020],{"class":4631},[4614,8603,8604],{"class":4962},"\"Hello\"",[4614,8606,8422],{"class":4631},[4614,8608,8609],{"class":4937}," \u002F\u002F Стандартні класи\n",[4584,8611,8612],{},"Не потрібно пам'ятати різні правила для різних ситуацій.",[5572,8614,8615,8618,8619,8621,8622,8624],{},[4593,8616,8617],{},"Рекомендація стилю для курсу:"," У навчальних матеріалах ми використовуватимемо як класичний синтаксис ",[4588,8620,5967],{},", так і uniform initialization ",[4588,8623,5975],{},", щоб ви були знайомі з обома підходами. У реальних проєктах вибір залежить від стандарту коду команди — обидва варіанти є прийнятними.",[4579,8626,8628],{"id":8627},"класи-що-містять-інші-класи","Класи, що містять інші класи",[4584,8630,8631,8632,8635,8636,8639],{},"Одні класи можуть містити інші класи як поля (",[4600,8633,8634],{},"composition"," — композиція). Це фундаментальний принцип побудови складних систем із простіших компонентів. Важливо розуміти ",[4593,8637,8638],{},"порядок виклику конструкторів"," у таких ситуаціях.",[4584,8641,8642,8643,8646,8647,8650],{},"Розглянемо два класи: ",[4588,8644,8645],{},"Engine"," (двигун) і ",[4588,8648,8649],{},"Car"," (автомобіль):",[4605,8652,8654],{"className":4607,"code":8653,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Engine\n{\nprivate:\n    int horsepower;\n\npublic:\n    Engine()\n    {\n        horsepower = 150;\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"Engine constructor called\\n\";\n    }\n\n    int getHorsepower() const { return horsepower; }\n};\n\nclass Car\n{\nprivate:\n    Engine engine;  \u002F\u002F Car містить Engine як поле\n    string model;\n\npublic:\n    Car()\n    {\n        model = \"Unknown\";\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"Car constructor called\\n\";\n    }\n\n    string getModel() const { return model; }\n    int getEnginePower() const { return engine.getHorsepower(); }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Car myCar;\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Model: \" \u003C\u003C myCar.getModel() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    cout \u003C\u003C \"Engine power: \" \u003C\u003C myCar.getEnginePower() \u003C\u003C \" HP\\n\";\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,8655,8656,8662,8666,8676,8680,8687,8691,8695,8704,8708,8712,8719,8723,8735,8751,8755,8759,8778,8782,8786,8793,8797,8801,8813,8823,8827,8831,8838,8842,8854,8869,8873,8877,8896,8921,8925,8929,8937,8941,8950,8955,8985,9015,9020,9029],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,8657,8658,8660],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,8659,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,8661,5226],{"class":4962},[4614,8663,8664],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,8665,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8667,8668,8670,8672,8674],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,8669,5235],{"class":4695},[4614,8671,5238],{"class":4620},[4614,8673,5241],{"class":4624},[4614,8675,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8677,8678],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,8679,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8681,8682,8684],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,8683,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,8685,8686],{"class":4624}," Engine\n",[4614,8688,8689],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,8690,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,8692,8693],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,8694,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,8696,8697,8699,8702],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,8698,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8700,8701],{"class":4647}," horsepower",[4614,8703,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8705,8706],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,8707,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8709,8710],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,8711,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,8713,8714,8717],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,8715,8716],{"class":4682},"    Engine",[4614,8718,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,8720,8721],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,8722,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,8724,8725,8728,8730,8733],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,8726,8727],{"class":4647},"        horsepower",[4614,8729,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,8731,8732],{"class":4801},"150",[4614,8734,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8736,8737,8740,8742,8745,8747,8749],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,8738,8739],{"class":4647},"        cout",[4614,8741,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8743,8744],{"class":4962},"\"Engine constructor called",[4614,8746,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,8748,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,8750,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8752,8753],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,8754,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,8756,8757],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,8758,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8760,8761,8763,8766,8768,8770,8772,8774,8776],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,8762,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8764,8765],{"class":4682}," getHorsepower",[4614,8767,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8769,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8771,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8773,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8775,8701],{"class":4647},[4614,8777,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,8779,8780],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,8781,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8783,8784],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,8785,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8787,8788,8790],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,8789,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,8791,8792],{"class":4624}," Car\n",[4614,8794,8795],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,8796,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,8798,8799],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,8800,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,8802,8803,8805,8808,8810],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,8804,8716],{"class":4624},[4614,8806,8807],{"class":4647}," engine",[4614,8809,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,8811,8812],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Car містить Engine як поле\n",[4614,8814,8815,8818,8821],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,8816,8817],{"class":4624},"    string",[4614,8819,8820],{"class":4647}," model",[4614,8822,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8824,8825],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,8826,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8828,8829],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,8830,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,8832,8833,8836],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,8834,8835],{"class":4682},"    Car",[4614,8837,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,8839,8840],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,8841,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,8843,8844,8847,8849,8852],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,8845,8846],{"class":4647},"        model",[4614,8848,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,8850,8851],{"class":4962},"\"Unknown\"",[4614,8853,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8855,8856,8858,8860,8863,8865,8867],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,8857,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,8859,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8861,8862],{"class":4962},"\"Car constructor called",[4614,8864,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,8866,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,8868,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8870,8871],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,8872,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,8874,8875],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,8876,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8878,8879,8881,8884,8886,8888,8890,8892,8894],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,8880,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,8882,8883],{"class":4682}," getModel",[4614,8885,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8887,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8889,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8891,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8893,8820],{"class":4647},[4614,8895,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,8897,8898,8900,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911,8913,8915,8918],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,8899,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,8901,8902],{"class":4682}," getEnginePower",[4614,8904,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,8906,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,8908,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,8910,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,8912,8807],{"class":4647},[4614,8914,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,8916,8917],{"class":4682},"getHorsepower",[4614,8919,8920],{"class":4631},"(); }\n",[4614,8922,8923],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,8924,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,8926,8927],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,8928,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,8930,8931,8933,8935],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,8932,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,8934,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,8936,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,8938,8939],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,8940,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,8942,8943,8945,8948],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,8944,8835],{"class":4624},[4614,8946,8947],{"class":4647}," myCar",[4614,8949,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8951,8953],{"class":4616,"line":8952},40,[4614,8954,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,8956,8958,8960,8962,8965,8967,8970,8972,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983],{"class":4616,"line":8957},41,[4614,8959,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,8961,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8963,8964],{"class":4962},"\"Model: \"",[4614,8966,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8968,8969],{"class":4647},"myCar",[4614,8971,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,8973,8974],{"class":4682},"getModel",[4614,8976,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,8978,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,8980,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,8982,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,8984,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,8986,8988,8990,8992,8995,8997,8999,9001,9004,9006,9009,9011,9013],{"class":4616,"line":8987},42,[4614,8989,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,8991,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8993,8994],{"class":4962},"\"Engine power: \"",[4614,8996,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,8998,8969],{"class":4647},[4614,9000,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,9002,9003],{"class":4682},"getEnginePower",[4614,9005,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,9007,9008],{"class":4962},"\" HP",[4614,9010,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9012,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9014,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9016,9018],{"class":4616,"line":9017},43,[4614,9019,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,9021,9023,9025,9027],{"class":4616,"line":9022},44,[4614,9024,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,9026,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,9028,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9030,9032],{"class":4616,"line":9031},45,[4614,9033,5075],{"class":4631},[5529,9035,9037,9047,9055,9063,9067],{"title":9036},"g++ Car.cpp -o car && .\u002Fcar",[5533,9038,9040,5541,9043],{"className":9039},[4616],[4614,9041,5540],{"className":9042},[5539],[4593,9044,9046],{"className":9045},[5545],".\u002Fcar",[5533,9048,9050],{"className":9049},[4616],[4614,9051,9054],{"className":9052},[9053,5545],"text-blue-400","Engine constructor called",[5533,9056,9058],{"className":9057},[4616],[4614,9059,9062],{"className":9060},[9061,5545],"text-green-400","Car constructor called",[5533,9064,9066],{"className":9065},[4616],"Model: Unknown",[5533,9068,9070],{"className":9069},[4616],"Engine power: 150 HP",[4584,9072,9073,9074,9076,9077,9079],{},"Зверніть увагу на порядок виводу: спочатку ",[4588,9075,9054],{},", потім ",[4588,9078,9062],{},". Це відбувається тому, що:",[9081,9082,9083,9087,9100,9104,9119,9123],"steps",{},[7240,9084,9086],{"id":9085},"крок-1-виділення-памяті-для-обєкта-car","Крок 1: Виділення пам'яті для об'єкта Car",[4584,9088,9089,9090,9093,9094,9096,9097,4953],{},"Коли ми пишемо ",[4588,9091,9092],{},"Car myCar;",", компілятор виділяє пам'ять для всього об'єкта ",[4588,9095,8969],{},", включаючи простір для вкладеного поля ",[4588,9098,9099],{},"engine",[7240,9101,9103],{"id":9102},"крок-2-ініціалізація-полів-обєктів","Крок 2: Ініціалізація полів-об'єктів",[4584,9105,9106,5541,9109,9112,9113,9116,9117,4953],{},[4593,9107,9108],{},"До того, як виконається тіло конструктора",[4588,9110,9111],{},"Car()",", компілятор автоматично викликає конструктори для всіх полів-об'єктів. У нашому випадку — конструктор ",[4588,9114,9115],{},"Engine()"," для поля ",[4588,9118,9099],{},[7240,9120,9122],{"id":9121},"крок-3-виконання-тіла-конструктора-car","Крок 3: Виконання тіла конструктора Car",[4584,9124,9125,9126,9128,9129,9132],{},"Тільки після ініціалізації всіх полів виконується тіло конструктора ",[4588,9127,9111],{},", де ми встановлюємо ",[4588,9130,9131],{},"model = \"Unknown\""," і виводимо повідомлення.",[5572,9134,9135,9140],{},[4584,9136,9137],{},[4593,9138,9139],{},"Чому такий порядок логічний?",[4584,9141,9142,9143,9145,9146,9149,9150,9152,9153,9156],{},"Уявіть, що в конструкторі ",[4588,9144,9111],{}," потрібно викликати метод ",[4588,9147,9148],{},"engine.start()",". Якби поле ",[4588,9151,9099],{}," ще не було ініціалізоване, це призвело б до невизначеної поведінки. Тому C++ ",[4593,9154,9155],{},"гарантує",", що всі поля-об'єкти будуть повністю сконструйовані до моменту виконання тіла конструктора зовнішнього класу.",[7240,9158,9160],{"id":9159},"контроль-ініціалізації-вкладених-обєктів","Контроль ініціалізації вкладених об'єктів",[4584,9162,9163,9164,9167],{},"За замовчуванням для полів-об'єктів викликаються їхні ",[4593,9165,9166],{},"конструктори за замовчуванням",". Але що, якщо нам потрібно передати параметри до конструктора вкладеного об'єкта?",[4584,9169,9170,9171,4792,9174,9177],{},"Це вирішується за допомогою ",[4593,9172,9173],{},"списку ініціалізації членів",[4600,9175,9176],{},"member initializer list","), який ми детально розглянемо у наступній статті. Поки що покажемо короткий приклад:",[4605,9179,9181],{"className":4607,"code":9180,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Engine\n{\nprivate:\n    int horsepower;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Параметризований конструктор\n    Engine(int hp)\n    {\n        horsepower = hp;\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"Engine constructor: \" \u003C\u003C hp \u003C\u003C \" HP\\n\";\n    }\n\n    int getHorsepower() const { return horsepower; }\n};\n\nclass Car\n{\nprivate:\n    Engine engine;\n    string model;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Список ініціалізації: engine(200) викликає Engine(200)\n    Car(string m, int hp) : engine(hp)\n    {\n        model = m;\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"Car constructor: \" \u003C\u003C model \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    string getModel() const { return model; }\n    int getEnginePower() const { return engine.getHorsepower(); }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Car sportsCar(\"Ferrari\", 500);\n    \n    cout \u003C\u003C sportsCar.getModel() \u003C\u003C \": \" \u003C\u003C sportsCar.getEnginePower() \u003C\u003C \" HP\\n\";\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,9182,9183,9189,9193,9197,9205,9209,9213,9217,9230,9234,9245,9268,9272,9276,9294,9298,9302,9308,9312,9316,9324,9332,9336,9340,9345,9372,9376,9386,9410,9414,9418,9436,9458,9462,9466,9474,9478,9497,9501,9537,9541,9549],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,9184,9185,9187],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,9186,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,9188,8686],{"class":4624},[4614,9190,9191],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,9192,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,9194,9195],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,9196,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,9198,9199,9201,9203],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,9200,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9202,8701],{"class":4647},[4614,9204,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9206,9207],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,9208,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9210,9211],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,9212,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,9214,9215],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,9216,5713],{"class":4937},[4614,9218,9219,9221,9223,9225,9228],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,9220,8716],{"class":4682},[4614,9222,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9224,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9226,9227],{"class":4647}," hp",[4614,9229,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,9231,9232],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,9233,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,9235,9236,9238,9240,9243],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,9237,8727],{"class":4647},[4614,9239,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9241,9242],{"class":4647},"hp",[4614,9244,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9246,9247,9249,9251,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,9248,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,9250,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9252,9253],{"class":4962},"\"Engine constructor: \"",[4614,9255,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9257,9242],{"class":4647},[4614,9259,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9261,9008],{"class":4962},[4614,9263,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9265,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9267,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9269,9270],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,9271,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,9273,9274],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,9275,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9277,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,9279,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9281,8765],{"class":4682},[4614,9283,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,9285,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,9287,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,9289,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,9291,8701],{"class":4647},[4614,9293,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,9295,9296],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,9297,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,9299,9300],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,9301,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9303,9304,9306],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,9305,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,9307,8792],{"class":4624},[4614,9309,9310],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,9311,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,9313,9314],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,9315,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,9317,9318,9320,9322],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,9319,8716],{"class":4624},[4614,9321,8807],{"class":4647},[4614,9323,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9325,9326,9328,9330],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,9327,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,9329,8820],{"class":4647},[4614,9331,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9333,9334],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,9335,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9337,9338],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,9339,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,9341,9342],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,9343,9344],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Список ініціалізації: engine(200) викликає Engine(200)\n",[4614,9346,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9364,9366,9368,9370],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,9348,8835],{"class":4682},[4614,9350,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9352,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,9354,7322],{"class":4647},[4614,9356,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,9358,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9360,9227],{"class":4647},[4614,9362,9363],{"class":4631},") : ",[4614,9365,9099],{"class":4682},[4614,9367,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9369,9242],{"class":4647},[4614,9371,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,9373,9374],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,9375,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,9377,9378,9380,9382,9384],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,9379,8846],{"class":4647},[4614,9381,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9383,7356],{"class":4647},[4614,9385,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9387,9388,9390,9392,9395,9397,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,9389,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,9391,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9393,9394],{"class":4962},"\"Car constructor: \"",[4614,9396,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9398,9399],{"class":4647},"model",[4614,9401,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9403,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9405,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9407,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9409,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9411,9412],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,9413,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,9415,9416],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,9417,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9419,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,9421,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,9423,8883],{"class":4682},[4614,9425,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,9427,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,9429,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,9431,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,9433,8820],{"class":4647},[4614,9435,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,9437,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,9439,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9441,8902],{"class":4682},[4614,9443,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,9445,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,9447,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,9449,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,9451,8807],{"class":4647},[4614,9453,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,9455,8917],{"class":4682},[4614,9457,8920],{"class":4631},[4614,9459,9460],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,9461,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,9463,9464],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,9465,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9467,9468,9470,9472],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,9469,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9471,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,9473,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,9475,9476],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,9477,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,9479,9480,9482,9485,9487,9490,9492,9495],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,9481,8835],{"class":4624},[4614,9483,9484],{"class":4682}," sportsCar",[4614,9486,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9488,9489],{"class":4962},"\"Ferrari\"",[4614,9491,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,9493,9494],{"class":4801},"500",[4614,9496,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,9498,9499],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,9500,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,9502,9503,9505,9507,9510,9512,9514,9516,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531,9533,9535],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,9504,4944],{"class":4647},[4614,9506,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9508,9509],{"class":4647},"sportsCar",[4614,9511,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,9513,8974],{"class":4682},[4614,9515,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,9517,9518],{"class":4962},"\": \"",[4614,9520,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9522,9509],{"class":4647},[4614,9524,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,9526,9003],{"class":4682},[4614,9528,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,9530,9008],{"class":4962},[4614,9532,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9534,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9536,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9538,9539],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,9540,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,9542,9543,9545,9547],{"class":4616,"line":8957},[4614,9544,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,9546,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,9548,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9550,9551],{"class":4616,"line":8987},[4614,9552,5075],{"class":4631},[5529,9554,9555,9564,9571,9578],{"title":9036},[5533,9556,9558,5541,9561],{"className":9557},[4616],[4614,9559,5540],{"className":9560},[5539],[4593,9562,9046],{"className":9563},[5545],[5533,9565,9567],{"className":9566},[4616],[4614,9568,9570],{"className":9569},[9053,5545],"Engine constructor: 500 HP",[5533,9572,9574],{"className":9573},[4616],[4614,9575,9577],{"className":9576},[9061,5545],"Car constructor: Ferrari",[5533,9579,9581],{"className":9580},[4616],"Ferrari: 500 HP",[4584,9583,9584,9585,9588,9589,9592,9593,9596],{},"Синтаксис ",[4588,9586,9587],{},": engine(hp)"," після сигнатури конструктора ",[4588,9590,9591],{},"Car(string m, int hp)"," — це ",[4593,9594,9595],{},"список ініціалізації",", який дозволяє явно викликати конструктори полів із потрібними параметрами. Детальніше про це механізм ми поговоримо у статті 53 — «Списки ініціалізації та делегуючі конструктори».",[4579,9598,9600],{"id":9599},"виклик-сеттерів-у-конструкторах-централізація-валідації","Виклик сеттерів у конструкторах: централізація валідації",[4584,9602,9603,9604,4792,9607,9610,9611],{},"У попередній статті ми розглянули геттери та сеттери як механізм контрольованого доступу до приватних полів. Сеттери часто містять ",[4593,9605,9606],{},"валідацію",[4600,9608,9609],{},"validation",") — перевірку коректності переданого значення. Виникає логічне питання: ",[4593,9612,9613],{},"чи потрібно дублювати цю валідацію в конструкторах?",[4584,9615,9616,9617,9619],{},"Розглянемо клас ",[4588,9618,5151],{}," із валідацією знаменника:",[4605,9621,9623],{"className":4607,"code":9622,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    void setNumerator(int num)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n    }\n\n    void setDenominator(int den)\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F Валідація: знаменник не може бути нулем\n        if (den == 0) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"Error: Denominator cannot be zero. Setting to 1.\\n\";\n            denominator = 1;\n        } else {\n            denominator = den;\n        }\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з дублюванням валідації — НЕ найкращий підхід\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n        \n        \u002F\u002F Дублювання логіки з setDenominator\n        if (den == 0) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"Error: Denominator cannot be zero. Setting to 1.\\n\";\n            denominator = 1;\n        } else {\n            denominator = den;\n        }\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n};\n",[4588,9624,9625,9631,9635,9639,9647,9655,9659,9663,9677,9681,9691,9695,9699,9713,9717,9722,9737,9753,9763,9774,9784,9788,9792,9796,9801,9827,9831,9841,9846,9851,9865,9879,9889,9897,9907,9911,9915,9919,9937,9955],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,9626,9627,9629],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,9628,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,9630,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,9632,9633],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,9634,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,9636,9637],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,9638,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,9640,9641,9643,9645],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,9642,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9644,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,9646,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9648,9649,9651,9653],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,9650,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9652,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,9654,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9656,9657],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,9658,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9660,9661],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,9662,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,9664,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,9666,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,9668,4736],{"class":4682},[4614,9670,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9672,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9674,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,9676,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,9678,9679],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,9680,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,9682,9683,9685,9687,9689],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,9684,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,9686,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9688,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,9690,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9692,9693],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,9694,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,9696,9697],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,9698,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9700,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,9702,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,9704,4767],{"class":4682},[4614,9706,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9708,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9710,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,9712,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,9714,9715],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,9716,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,9718,9719],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,9720,9721],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Валідація: знаменник не може бути нулем\n",[4614,9723,9724,9726,9728,9730,9733,9735],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,9725,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,9727,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,9729,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,9731,9732],{"class":4631}," == ",[4614,9734,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,9736,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,9738,9739,9742,9744,9747,9749,9751],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,9740,9741],{"class":4647},"            cout",[4614,9743,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9745,9746],{"class":4962},"\"Error: Denominator cannot be zero. Setting to 1.",[4614,9748,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9750,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9752,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9754,9755,9757,9759,9761],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,9756,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,9758,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9760,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,9762,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9764,9765,9768,9771],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,9766,9767],{"class":4631},"        } ",[4614,9769,9770],{"class":4695},"else",[4614,9772,9773],{"class":4631}," {\n",[4614,9775,9776,9778,9780,9782],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,9777,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,9779,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9781,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,9783,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9785,9786],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,9787,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,9789,9790],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,9791,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,9793,9794],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,9795,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9797,9798],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,9799,9800],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з дублюванням валідації — НЕ найкращий підхід\n",[4614,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,9804,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,9806,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,9808,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9810,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,9812,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9814,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,9816,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,9818,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,9820,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,9822,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9824,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,9826,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,9828,9829],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,9830,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,9832,9833,9835,9837,9839],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,9834,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,9836,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9838,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,9840,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9842,9843],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,9844,9845],{"class":4631},"        \n",[4614,9847,9848],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,9849,9850],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Дублювання логіки з setDenominator\n",[4614,9852,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,9854,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,9856,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,9858,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,9860,9732],{"class":4631},[4614,9862,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,9864,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,9866,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,9868,9741],{"class":4647},[4614,9870,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,9872,9746],{"class":4962},[4614,9874,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,9876,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,9878,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9880,9881,9883,9885,9887],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,9882,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,9884,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9886,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,9888,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9890,9891,9893,9895],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,9892,9767],{"class":4631},[4614,9894,9770],{"class":4695},[4614,9896,9773],{"class":4631},[4614,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,9900,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,9902,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,9904,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,9906,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,9908,9909],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,9910,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,9912,9913],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,9914,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,9916,9917],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,9918,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,9920,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,9922,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9924,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,9926,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,9928,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,9930,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,9932,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,9934,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,9936,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,9938,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,9940,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,9942,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,9944,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,9946,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,9948,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,9950,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,9952,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,9954,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,9956,9957],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,9958,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,9960,9961,9962,9965,9966,9969],{},"У цьому коді валідація знаменника ",[4593,9963,9964],{},"продубльована"," у двох місцях: у сеттері ",[4588,9967,9968],{},"setDenominator()"," і в конструкторі. Це створює кілька проблем:",[5077,9971,9972,9977],{},[4584,9973,9974],{},[4593,9975,9976],{},"Проблеми дублювання валідації:",[5140,9978,9979,9988,9994,10000],{},[5143,9980,9981,4792,9984,9987],{},[4593,9982,9983],{},"Порушення принципу DRY",[4600,9985,9986],{},"Don't Repeat Yourself",") — одна й та сама логіка записана двічі",[5143,9989,9990,9993],{},[4593,9991,9992],{},"Ускладнення підтримки"," — якщо правила валідації зміняться, потрібно оновлювати код у кількох місцях",[5143,9995,9996,9999],{},[4593,9997,9998],{},"Ризик розбіжностей"," — сеттер і конструктор можуть почати валідувати по-різному після змін",[5143,10001,10002,10005],{},[4593,10003,10004],{},"Більше коду для тестування"," — кожну валідацію потрібно перевіряти окремо",[7240,10007,10009],{"id":10008},"краще-рішення-виклик-сеттерів-з-конструктора","Краще рішення: виклик сеттерів з конструктора",[4584,10011,10012,10013,10016],{},"Замість дублювання логіки, конструктор може ",[4593,10014,10015],{},"викликати сеттери",", делегуючи їм валідацію:",[4605,10018,10020],{"className":4607,"code":10019,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    void setNumerator(int num)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n    }\n\n    void setDenominator(int den)\n    {\n        if (den == 0) {\n            cout \u003C\u003C \"Error: Denominator cannot be zero. Setting to 1.\\n\";\n            denominator = 1;\n        } else {\n            denominator = den;\n        }\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор делегує валідацію сеттерам\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        setNumerator(num);\n        setDenominator(den);  \u002F\u002F Валідація всередині setDenominator\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n};\n",[4588,10021,10022,10028,10032,10036,10044,10052,10056,10060,10074,10078,10088,10092,10096,10110,10114,10128,10142,10152,10160,10170,10174,10178,10182,10187,10213,10217,10228,10242,10246,10250,10268,10286],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,10023,10024,10026],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,10025,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,10027,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,10029,10030],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,10031,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,10033,10034],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,10035,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,10037,10038,10040,10042],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,10039,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10041,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,10043,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10045,10046,10048,10050],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,10047,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10049,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,10051,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10053,10054],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,10055,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10057,10058],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,10059,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,10061,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,10063,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,10065,4736],{"class":4682},[4614,10067,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10069,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10071,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,10073,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,10075,10076],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,10077,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,10081,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,10083,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10085,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,10087,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10089,10090],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,10091,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10093,10094],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,10095,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10097,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,10099,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,10101,4767],{"class":4682},[4614,10103,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10105,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10107,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,10109,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,10111,10112],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,10113,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,10115,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,10117,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,10119,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,10121,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,10123,9732],{"class":4631},[4614,10125,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,10127,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,10129,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,10131,9741],{"class":4647},[4614,10133,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,10135,9746],{"class":4962},[4614,10137,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,10139,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10141,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10143,10144,10146,10148,10150],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,10145,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,10147,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10149,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,10151,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10153,10154,10156,10158],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,10155,9767],{"class":4631},[4614,10157,9770],{"class":4695},[4614,10159,9773],{"class":4631},[4614,10161,10162,10164,10166,10168],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,10163,4811],{"class":4647},[4614,10165,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10167,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,10169,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10171,10172],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,10173,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,10175,10176],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,10177,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10179,10180],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,10181,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10183,10184],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,10185,10186],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор делегує валідацію сеттерам\n",[4614,10188,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,10190,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,10192,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10194,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10196,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,10198,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10200,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,10202,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,10204,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10206,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,10208,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10210,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,10212,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,10214,10215],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,10216,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,10218,10219,10222,10224,10226],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,10220,10221],{"class":4682},"        setNumerator",[4614,10223,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10225,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,10227,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,10229,10230,10233,10235,10237,10239],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,10231,10232],{"class":4682},"        setDenominator",[4614,10234,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10236,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,10238,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,10240,10241],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Валідація всередині setDenominator\n",[4614,10243,10244],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,10245,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10247,10248],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,10249,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10251,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,10253,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10255,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,10257,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,10259,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10261,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,10263,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,10265,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,10267,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,10269,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,10271,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10273,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,10275,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,10277,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10279,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,10281,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,10283,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,10285,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,10287,10288],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,10289,4894],{"class":4631},[4584,10291,10292,10293,10296,10297,10299],{},"Тепер валідація знаменника записана ",[4593,10294,10295],{},"в одному місці"," — у методі ",[4588,10298,9968],{},". Конструктор просто викликає цей сеттер, автоматично отримуючи всю логіку валідації.",[5132,10301,10302,10332],{},[5135,10303,10306],{"icon":10304,"title":10305},"i-lucide-check-circle","✅ Переваги підходу",[5140,10307,10308,10314,10320,10326],{},[5143,10309,10310,10313],{},[4593,10311,10312],{},"Єдине джерело істини"," — валідація в одному місці",[5143,10315,10316,10319],{},[4593,10317,10318],{},"Легко змінювати правила"," — оновлення в сеттері автоматично працює для конструктора",[5143,10321,10322,10325],{},[4593,10323,10324],{},"Менше коду"," — не потрібно дублювати логіку",[5143,10327,10328,10331],{},[4593,10329,10330],{},"Консистентність"," — гарантовано однакові правила при створенні і зміні об'єкта",[5135,10333,10335],{"icon":5182,"title":10334},"⚠️ Обмеження підходу",[5140,10336,10337,10343,10349],{},[5143,10338,10339,10342],{},[4593,10340,10341],{},"Ефективність"," — виклик методу трохи повільніший за пряме присвоєння (хоча компілятор часто оптимізує це)",[5143,10344,10345,10348],{},[4593,10346,10347],{},"Складність налагодження"," — у стеку викликів з'являється додатковий рівень",[5143,10350,10351,10354],{},[4593,10352,10353],{},"Залежність від віртуальних методів"," — якщо сеттер віртуальний, поведінка може бути несподіваною в ієрархії класів (тема наслідування)",[5953,10356,10357,10359],{},[4593,10358,8153],{}," Якщо валідація проста і не змінюватиметься, можна обійтися без виклику сеттерів. Але якщо валідація складна (перевірка діапазону, форматування, обчислення) — використовуйте сеттери в конструкторах для уникнення дублювання.",[4579,10361,10363],{"id":10362},"заборона-створення-некоректних-обєктів","Заборона створення некоректних об'єктів",[4584,10365,10366,10367,10370,10371,10374,10375,10378],{},"У попередньому прикладі ми ",[4593,10368,10369],{},"не блокували"," створення об'єкта при некоректних даних — просто виправляли значення на безпечне за замовчуванням (",[4588,10372,10373],{},"denominator = 1","). Але іноді потрібно ",[4593,10376,10377],{},"повністю заборонити"," створення об'єкта, якщо дані не валідні.",[4584,10380,10381],{},"У C++ немає вбудованого механізму «відмінити конструктор» (на відміну від Java, де можна кинути виняток у конструкторі). Проте є кілька підходів:",[7240,10383,10385],{"id":10384},"підхід-1-викидання-винятку-exceptions","Підхід 1: Викидання винятку (Exceptions)",[4584,10387,10388,10389,4792,10392,10395],{},"Конструктор може ",[4593,10390,10391],{},"викинути виняток",[4600,10393,10394],{},"throw exception","), щоб сигналізувати про неможливість створення об'єкта:",[4605,10397,10399],{"className":4607,"code":10398,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstdexcept>  \u002F\u002F Для std::invalid_argument\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        if (den == 0) {\n            \u002F\u002F Викидаємо виняток — об'єкт не буде створено\n            throw invalid_argument(\"Denominator cannot be zero\");\n        }\n        \n        numerator = num;\n        denominator = den;\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n    \n    double getValue() const \n    {\n        return static_cast\u003Cdouble>(numerator) \u002F denominator;\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    try {\n        Fraction half(1, 2);   \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює\n        cout \u003C\u003C half.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n        \n        Fraction invalid(5, 0);  \u002F\u002F ❌ Викине виняток\n        cout \u003C\u003C invalid.getValue() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";  \u002F\u002F Цей рядок не виконається\n    }\n    catch (const invalid_argument& e) {\n        cerr \u003C\u003C \"Error: \" \u003C\u003C e.what() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,10400,10401,10407,10417,10421,10431,10435,10441,10445,10449,10457,10465,10469,10473,10499,10503,10517,10522,10537,10541,10545,10555,10565,10569,10573,10591,10609,10613,10625,10629,10649,10653,10657,10661,10669,10673,10680,10699,10721,10725,10745,10771,10775,10794,10823,10827,10831,10840],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,10402,10403,10405],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,10404,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,10406,5226],{"class":4962},[4614,10408,10409,10411,10414],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,10410,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,10412,10413],{"class":4962}," \u003Cstdexcept>",[4614,10415,10416],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Для std::invalid_argument\n",[4614,10418,10419],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,10420,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,10424,5235],{"class":4695},[4614,10426,5238],{"class":4620},[4614,10428,5241],{"class":4624},[4614,10430,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10432,10433],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,10434,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10436,10437,10439],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,10438,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,10440,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,10442,10443],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,10444,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,10446,10447],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,10448,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,10450,10451,10453,10455],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,10452,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10454,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,10456,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10458,10459,10461,10463],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,10460,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10462,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,10464,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10466,10467],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,10468,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10470,10471],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,10472,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,10476,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,10478,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10480,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10482,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,10484,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10486,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,10488,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,10490,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10492,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,10494,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10496,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,10498,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,10500,10501],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,10502,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,10504,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,10506,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,10508,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,10510,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,10512,9732],{"class":4631},[4614,10514,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,10516,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,10518,10519],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,10520,10521],{"class":4937},"            \u002F\u002F Викидаємо виняток — об'єкт не буде створено\n",[4614,10523,10524,10527,10530,10532,10535],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,10525,10526],{"class":4695},"            throw",[4614,10528,10529],{"class":4682}," invalid_argument",[4614,10531,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10533,10534],{"class":4962},"\"Denominator cannot be zero\"",[4614,10536,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,10538,10539],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,10540,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,10542,10543],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,10544,9845],{"class":4631},[4614,10546,10547,10549,10551,10553],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,10548,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,10550,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10552,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,10554,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10556,10557,10559,10561,10563],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,10558,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,10560,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,10562,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,10564,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10566,10567],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,10568,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10570,10571],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,10572,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10574,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,10576,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10578,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,10580,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,10582,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10584,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,10586,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,10588,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,10590,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,10592,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,10594,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,10596,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,10598,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,10600,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10602,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,10604,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,10606,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,10608,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,10610,10611],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,10612,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,10614,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,10616,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,10618,4843],{"class":4682},[4614,10620,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,10622,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10624,4850],{"class":4631},[4614,10626,10627],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,10628,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,10630,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,10632,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,10634,4864],{"class":4620},[4614,10636,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,10638,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,10640,4873],{"class":4631},[4614,10642,4751],{"class":4647},[4614,10644,4878],{"class":4631},[4614,10646,4881],{"class":4647},[4614,10648,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10650,10651],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,10652,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10654,10655],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,10656,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,10658,10659],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,10660,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10662,10663,10665,10667],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,10664,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,10666,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,10668,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,10670,10671],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,10672,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,10674,10675,10678],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,10676,10677],{"class":4695},"    try",[4614,10679,9773],{"class":4631},[4614,10681,10682,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,10683,10684],{"class":4624},"        Fraction",[4614,10686,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,10688,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10690,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,10692,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,10694,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,10696,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,10698,7840],{"class":4937},[4614,10700,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,10702,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,10704,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,10706,4950],{"class":4647},[4614,10708,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,10710,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,10712,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,10714,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10716,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,10718,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10720,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10722,10723],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,10724,9845],{"class":4631},[4614,10726,10727,10729,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,10728,10684],{"class":4624},[4614,10730,10731],{"class":4682}," invalid",[4614,10733,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,10735,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,10737,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,10739,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,10741,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,10743,10744],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ Викине виняток\n",[4614,10746,10747,10749,10751,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,10748,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,10750,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,10752,10753],{"class":4647},"invalid",[4614,10755,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,10757,4956],{"class":4682},[4614,10759,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,10761,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10763,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,10765,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10767,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,10769,10770],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Цей рядок не виконається\n",[4614,10772,10773],{"class":4616,"line":8957},[4614,10774,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10776,10777,10780,10782,10784,10786,10789,10792],{"class":4616,"line":8987},[4614,10778,10779],{"class":4695},"    catch",[4614,10781,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,10783,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,10785,10529],{"class":4647},[4614,10787,10788],{"class":4631},"& ",[4614,10790,10791],{"class":4647},"e",[4614,10793,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,10795,10796,10799,10801,10804,10806,10808,10810,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821],{"class":4616,"line":9017},[4614,10797,10798],{"class":4647},"        cerr",[4614,10800,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,10802,10803],{"class":4962},"\"Error: \"",[4614,10805,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,10807,10791],{"class":4647},[4614,10809,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,10811,10812],{"class":4682},"what",[4614,10814,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,10816,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10818,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,10820,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,10822,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10824,10825],{"class":4616,"line":9022},[4614,10826,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,10828,10829],{"class":4616,"line":9031},[4614,10830,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,10832,10834,10836,10838],{"class":4616,"line":10833},46,[4614,10835,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,10837,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,10839,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10841,10843],{"class":4616,"line":10842},47,[4614,10844,5075],{"class":4631},[5529,10846,10847,10856,10860],{"title":5531},[5533,10848,10850,5541,10853],{"className":10849},[4616],[4614,10851,5540],{"className":10852},[5539],[4593,10854,5546],{"className":10855},[5545],[5533,10857,10859],{"className":10858},[4616],"0.5",[5533,10861,10863],{"className":10862},[4616],[4614,10864,10867],{"className":10865},[10866,5545],"text-rose-400","Error: Denominator cannot be zero",[4584,10869,10870,10871,10874,10875,10878,10879,5541,10881,10884,10885,10888],{},"При спробі створити ",[4588,10872,10873],{},"Fraction invalid(5, 0)"," виконання конструктора ",[4593,10876,10877],{},"переривається",", виняток викидається до виклику функції, і об'єкт ",[4588,10880,10753],{},[4593,10882,10883],{},"не створюється",". Блок ",[4588,10886,10887],{},"catch"," перехоплює помилку і виводить повідомлення.",[5572,10890,10891,10896,10924],{},[4584,10892,10893],{},[4593,10894,10895],{},"Як працюють винятки у конструкторах:",[7524,10897,10898,10901,10904,10914,10917],{},[5143,10899,10900],{},"Виділяється пам'ять для об'єкта",[5143,10902,10903],{},"Починається виконання конструктора",[5143,10905,10906,10907,10910,10911],{},"Виникає виняток (",[4588,10908,10909],{},"throw",") — конструктор ",[4593,10912,10913],{},"припиняє роботу",[5143,10915,10916],{},"Виділена пам'ять автоматично звільняється",[5143,10918,10919,10920,10923],{},"Об'єкт вважається ",[4593,10921,10922],{},"не створеним"," — змінна не існує",[4584,10925,10926],{},"Це безпечний механізм: якщо конструктор не завершився успішно, об'єкт не з'являється у програмі.",[7240,10928,10930],{"id":10929},"підхід-2-накопичення-помилок-валідації","Підхід 2: Накопичення помилок валідації",[4584,10932,10933,10934,10937],{},"Для складних об'єктів із кількома полями, які потребують валідації, корисно ",[4593,10935,10936],{},"зібрати всі помилки разом"," і повідомити користувачу про них одночасно. Це краще, ніж зупинятися на першій помилці — користувач одразу побачить весь список проблем.",[4584,10939,10940,10941,10944],{},"Для цього можна використати колекцію ",[4588,10942,10943],{},"map\u003Cstring, string>"," (ключ — назва поля, значення — повідомлення про помилку):",[4605,10946,10948],{"className":4607,"code":10947,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cmap>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass User\n{\nprivate:\n    string username;\n    string email;\n    int age;\n    map\u003Cstring, string> validationErrors;\n\n    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації username\n    bool validateUsername(const string& name)\n    {\n        if (name.empty()) {\n            validationErrors[\"username\"] = \"Username cannot be empty\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        if (name.length() \u003C 3) {\n            validationErrors[\"username\"] = \"Username must be at least 3 characters\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації email\n    bool validateEmail(const string& mail)\n    {\n        if (mail.empty()) {\n            validationErrors[\"email\"] = \"Email cannot be empty\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        if (mail.find('@') == string::npos) {\n            validationErrors[\"email\"] = \"Email must contain @ symbol\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації age\n    bool validateAge(int a)\n    {\n        if (a \u003C 0) {\n            validationErrors[\"age\"] = \"Age cannot be negative\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        if (a > 120) {\n            validationErrors[\"age\"] = \"Age must be less than 120\";\n            return false;\n        }\n        return true;\n    }\n\npublic:\n    User(const string& name, const string& mail, int a)\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F Валідуємо всі поля — не зупиняємось на першій помилці\n        validateUsername(name);\n        validateEmail(mail);\n        validateAge(a);\n\n        \u002F\u002F Якщо є помилки — викидаємо виняток із детальним повідомленням\n        if (!validationErrors.empty()) {\n            string errorMessage = \"Validation failed:\\n\";\n            for (const auto& error : validationErrors) {\n                errorMessage += \"  - \" + error.first + \": \" + error.second + \"\\n\";\n            }\n            throw invalid_argument(errorMessage);\n        }\n\n        \u002F\u002F Всі перевірки пройшли — ініціалізуємо об'єкт\n        username = name;\n        email = mail;\n        age = a;\n    }\n\n    string getUsername() const { return username; }\n    string getEmail() const { return email; }\n    int getAge() const { return age; }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    try {\n        \u002F\u002F ✅ Коректні дані\n        User validUser(\"john_doe\", \"john@example.com\", 25);\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"User created: \" \u003C\u003C validUser.getUsername() \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n\n        \u002F\u002F ❌ Множинні помилки — будуть показані всі одразу\n        User invalidUser(\"ab\", \"invalid-email\", -5);\n    }\n    catch (const invalid_argument& e) {\n        cerr \u003C\u003C e.what();\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,10949,10950,10956,10963,10970,10974,10984,10988,10995,10999,11003,11012,11021,11029,11049,11053,11058,11081,11085,11102,11121,11131,11135,11155,11170,11178,11182,11191,11195,11199,11204,11224,11228,11243,11259,11267,11271,11301,11316,11324,11328,11336,11340,11344,11349,11364,11368,11384,11400,11409,11414,11431,11447,11456,11461,11470,11475,11480,11485,11519,11524,11530,11542,11554,11566,11571,11577,11593,11613,11635,11681,11687,11701,11706,11711,11717,11729,11741,11753,11758,11763,11783,11803,11823,11828,11833,11842,11847,11854,11860,11885,11915,11920,11926,11951,11956,11973,11989,11994,11999,12008],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,10951,10952,10954],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,10953,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,10955,5226],{"class":4962},[4614,10957,10958,10960],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,10959,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,10961,10962],{"class":4962}," \u003Cmap>\n",[4614,10964,10965,10967],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,10966,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,10968,10969],{"class":4962}," \u003Cstring>\n",[4614,10971,10972],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,10973,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10975,10976,10978,10980,10982],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,10977,5235],{"class":4695},[4614,10979,5238],{"class":4620},[4614,10981,5241],{"class":4624},[4614,10983,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,10985,10986],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,10987,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,10989,10990,10992],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,10991,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,10993,10994],{"class":4624}," User\n",[4614,10996,10997],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,10998,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,11000,11001],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,11002,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,11004,11005,11007,11010],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,11006,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,11008,11009],{"class":4647}," username",[4614,11011,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11013,11014,11016,11019],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,11015,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,11017,11018],{"class":4647}," email",[4614,11020,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11022,11023,11025,11027],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,11024,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,11026,6537],{"class":4647},[4614,11028,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11030,11031,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11047],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,11032,11033],{"class":4624},"    map",[4614,11035,4867],{"class":4631},[4614,11037,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,11039,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11041,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,11043,8340],{"class":4631},[4614,11045,11046],{"class":4647},"validationErrors",[4614,11048,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11050,11051],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,11052,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11054,11055],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,11056,11057],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації username\n",[4614,11059,11060,11063,11066,11068,11070,11073,11076,11079],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,11061,11062],{"class":4620},"    bool",[4614,11064,11065],{"class":4682}," validateUsername",[4614,11067,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11069,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11071,11072],{"class":4624}," string",[4614,11074,11075],{"class":4620},"&",[4614,11077,11078],{"class":4647}," name",[4614,11080,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,11082,11083],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,11084,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,11086,11087,11089,11091,11094,11096,11099],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,11088,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11090,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11092,11093],{"class":4647},"name",[4614,11095,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11097,11098],{"class":4682},"empty",[4614,11100,11101],{"class":4631},"()) {\n",[4614,11103,11104,11107,11110,11113,11116,11119],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,11105,11106],{"class":4647},"            validationErrors",[4614,11108,11109],{"class":4631},"[",[4614,11111,11112],{"class":4962},"\"username\"",[4614,11114,11115],{"class":4631},"] = ",[4614,11117,11118],{"class":4962},"\"Username cannot be empty\"",[4614,11120,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11122,11123,11126,11129],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,11124,11125],{"class":4695},"            return",[4614,11127,11128],{"class":4620}," false",[4614,11130,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11132,11133],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,11134,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11136,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145,11148,11151,11153],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,11138,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11140,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11142,11093],{"class":4647},[4614,11144,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11146,11147],{"class":4682},"length",[4614,11149,11150],{"class":4631},"() \u003C ",[4614,11152,5946],{"class":4801},[4614,11154,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11156,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11168],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,11158,11106],{"class":4647},[4614,11160,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,11162,11112],{"class":4962},[4614,11164,11115],{"class":4631},[4614,11166,11167],{"class":4962},"\"Username must be at least 3 characters\"",[4614,11169,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11171,11172,11174,11176],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,11173,11125],{"class":4695},[4614,11175,11128],{"class":4620},[4614,11177,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11179,11180],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,11181,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11183,11184,11186,11189],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,11185,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,11187,11188],{"class":4620}," true",[4614,11190,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11192,11193],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,11194,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11196,11197],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,11198,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11200,11201],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,11202,11203],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації email\n",[4614,11205,11206,11208,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11222],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,11207,11062],{"class":4620},[4614,11209,11210],{"class":4682}," validateEmail",[4614,11212,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11214,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11216,11072],{"class":4624},[4614,11218,11075],{"class":4620},[4614,11220,11221],{"class":4647}," mail",[4614,11223,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,11225,11226],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,11227,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,11229,11230,11232,11234,11237,11239,11241],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,11231,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11233,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11235,11236],{"class":4647},"mail",[4614,11238,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11240,11098],{"class":4682},[4614,11242,11101],{"class":4631},[4614,11244,11245,11247,11249,11252,11254,11257],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,11246,11106],{"class":4647},[4614,11248,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,11250,11251],{"class":4962},"\"email\"",[4614,11253,11115],{"class":4631},[4614,11255,11256],{"class":4962},"\"Email cannot be empty\"",[4614,11258,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11260,11261,11263,11265],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,11262,11125],{"class":4695},[4614,11264,11128],{"class":4620},[4614,11266,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11268,11269],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,11270,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11272,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11284,11286,11289,11292,11294,11296,11299],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,11274,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11276,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11278,11236],{"class":4647},[4614,11280,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11282,11283],{"class":4682},"find",[4614,11285,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11287,11288],{"class":4962},"'@'",[4614,11290,11291],{"class":4631},") == ",[4614,11293,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,11295,8330],{"class":4631},[4614,11297,11298],{"class":4647},"npos",[4614,11300,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11302,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11314],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,11304,11106],{"class":4647},[4614,11306,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,11308,11251],{"class":4962},[4614,11310,11115],{"class":4631},[4614,11312,11313],{"class":4962},"\"Email must contain @ symbol\"",[4614,11315,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11317,11318,11320,11322],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,11319,11125],{"class":4695},[4614,11321,11128],{"class":4620},[4614,11323,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11325,11326],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,11327,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11329,11330,11332,11334],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,11331,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,11333,11188],{"class":4620},[4614,11335,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11337,11338],{"class":4616,"line":8957},[4614,11339,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11341,11342],{"class":4616,"line":8987},[4614,11343,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11345,11346],{"class":4616,"line":9017},[4614,11347,11348],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Приватний метод валідації age\n",[4614,11350,11351,11353,11356,11358,11360,11362],{"class":4616,"line":9022},[4614,11352,11062],{"class":4620},[4614,11354,11355],{"class":4682}," validateAge",[4614,11357,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11359,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,11361,8534],{"class":4647},[4614,11363,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,11365,11366],{"class":4616,"line":9031},[4614,11367,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,11369,11370,11372,11374,11377,11380,11382],{"class":4616,"line":10833},[4614,11371,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11373,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11375,11376],{"class":4647},"a",[4614,11378,11379],{"class":4631}," \u003C ",[4614,11381,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,11383,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11385,11386,11388,11390,11393,11395,11398],{"class":4616,"line":10842},[4614,11387,11106],{"class":4647},[4614,11389,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,11391,11392],{"class":4962},"\"age\"",[4614,11394,11115],{"class":4631},[4614,11396,11397],{"class":4962},"\"Age cannot be negative\"",[4614,11399,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":4616,"line":11402},48,[4614,11404,11125],{"class":4695},[4614,11406,11128],{"class":4620},[4614,11408,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11410,11412],{"class":4616,"line":11411},49,[4614,11413,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11415,11417,11419,11421,11423,11426,11429],{"class":4616,"line":11416},50,[4614,11418,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11420,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11422,11376],{"class":4647},[4614,11424,11425],{"class":4631}," > ",[4614,11427,11428],{"class":4801},"120",[4614,11430,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11432,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11445],{"class":4616,"line":11433},51,[4614,11435,11106],{"class":4647},[4614,11437,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,11439,11392],{"class":4962},[4614,11441,11115],{"class":4631},[4614,11443,11444],{"class":4962},"\"Age must be less than 120\"",[4614,11446,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11448,11450,11452,11454],{"class":4616,"line":11449},52,[4614,11451,11125],{"class":4695},[4614,11453,11128],{"class":4620},[4614,11455,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11457,11459],{"class":4616,"line":11458},53,[4614,11460,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11462,11464,11466,11468],{"class":4616,"line":11463},54,[4614,11465,4861],{"class":4695},[4614,11467,11188],{"class":4620},[4614,11469,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11471,11473],{"class":4616,"line":11472},55,[4614,11474,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11476,11478],{"class":4616,"line":11477},56,[4614,11479,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11481,11483],{"class":4616,"line":11482},57,[4614,11484,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,11486,11488,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11517],{"class":4616,"line":11487},58,[4614,11489,11490],{"class":4682},"    User",[4614,11492,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11494,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11496,11072],{"class":4624},[4614,11498,11075],{"class":4620},[4614,11500,11078],{"class":4647},[4614,11502,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11504,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11506,11072],{"class":4624},[4614,11508,11075],{"class":4620},[4614,11510,11221],{"class":4647},[4614,11512,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11514,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,11516,8534],{"class":4647},[4614,11518,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,11520,11522],{"class":4616,"line":11521},59,[4614,11523,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,11525,11527],{"class":4616,"line":11526},60,[4614,11528,11529],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Валідуємо всі поля — не зупиняємось на першій помилці\n",[4614,11531,11533,11536,11538,11540],{"class":4616,"line":11532},61,[4614,11534,11535],{"class":4682},"        validateUsername",[4614,11537,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11539,11093],{"class":4647},[4614,11541,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11543,11545,11548,11550,11552],{"class":4616,"line":11544},62,[4614,11546,11547],{"class":4682},"        validateEmail",[4614,11549,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11551,11236],{"class":4647},[4614,11553,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11555,11557,11560,11562,11564],{"class":4616,"line":11556},63,[4614,11558,11559],{"class":4682},"        validateAge",[4614,11561,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11563,11376],{"class":4647},[4614,11565,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11567,11569],{"class":4616,"line":11568},64,[4614,11570,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11572,11574],{"class":4616,"line":11573},65,[4614,11575,11576],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Якщо є помилки — викидаємо виняток із детальним повідомленням\n",[4614,11578,11580,11582,11585,11587,11589,11591],{"class":4616,"line":11579},66,[4614,11581,4789],{"class":4695},[4614,11583,11584],{"class":4631}," (!",[4614,11586,11046],{"class":4647},[4614,11588,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11590,11098],{"class":4682},[4614,11592,11101],{"class":4631},[4614,11594,11596,11599,11602,11604,11607,11609,11611],{"class":4616,"line":11595},67,[4614,11597,11598],{"class":4624},"            string",[4614,11600,11601],{"class":4647}," errorMessage",[4614,11603,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,11605,11606],{"class":4962},"\"Validation failed:",[4614,11608,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,11610,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,11612,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11614,11616,11619,11621,11623,11626,11629,11631,11633],{"class":4616,"line":11615},68,[4614,11617,11618],{"class":4695},"            for",[4614,11620,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11622,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11624,11625],{"class":4620}," auto&",[4614,11627,11628],{"class":4647}," error",[4614,11630,5776],{"class":4631},[4614,11632,11046],{"class":4647},[4614,11634,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11636,11638,11641,11644,11647,11650,11653,11655,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679],{"class":4616,"line":11637},69,[4614,11639,11640],{"class":4647},"                errorMessage",[4614,11642,11643],{"class":4631}," += ",[4614,11645,11646],{"class":4962},"\"  - \"",[4614,11648,11649],{"class":4631}," + ",[4614,11651,11652],{"class":4647},"error",[4614,11654,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11656,11657],{"class":4647},"first",[4614,11659,11649],{"class":4631},[4614,11661,9518],{"class":4962},[4614,11663,11649],{"class":4631},[4614,11665,11652],{"class":4647},[4614,11667,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11669,11670],{"class":4647},"second",[4614,11672,11649],{"class":4631},[4614,11674,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,11676,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,11678,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,11680,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11682,11684],{"class":4616,"line":11683},70,[4614,11685,11686],{"class":4631},"            }\n",[4614,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11699],{"class":4616,"line":11689},71,[4614,11691,10526],{"class":4695},[4614,11693,10529],{"class":4682},[4614,11695,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11697,11698],{"class":4647},"errorMessage",[4614,11700,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11702,11704],{"class":4616,"line":11703},72,[4614,11705,4823],{"class":4631},[4614,11707,11709],{"class":4616,"line":11708},73,[4614,11710,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11712,11714],{"class":4616,"line":11713},74,[4614,11715,11716],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Всі перевірки пройшли — ініціалізуємо об'єкт\n",[4614,11718,11720,11723,11725,11727],{"class":4616,"line":11719},75,[4614,11721,11722],{"class":4647},"        username",[4614,11724,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,11726,11093],{"class":4647},[4614,11728,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11730,11732,11735,11737,11739],{"class":4616,"line":11731},76,[4614,11733,11734],{"class":4647},"        email",[4614,11736,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,11738,11236],{"class":4647},[4614,11740,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11742,11744,11747,11749,11751],{"class":4616,"line":11743},77,[4614,11745,11746],{"class":4647},"        age",[4614,11748,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,11750,11376],{"class":4647},[4614,11752,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11754,11756],{"class":4616,"line":11755},78,[4614,11757,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11759,11761],{"class":4616,"line":11760},79,[4614,11762,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11764,11766,11768,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779,11781],{"class":4616,"line":11765},80,[4614,11767,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,11769,11770],{"class":4682}," getUsername",[4614,11772,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,11774,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11776,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,11778,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,11780,11009],{"class":4647},[4614,11782,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,11784,11786,11788,11791,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801],{"class":4616,"line":11785},81,[4614,11787,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,11789,11790],{"class":4682}," getEmail",[4614,11792,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,11794,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11796,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,11798,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,11800,11018],{"class":4647},[4614,11802,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,11804,11806,11808,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821],{"class":4616,"line":11805},82,[4614,11807,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,11809,11810],{"class":4682}," getAge",[4614,11812,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,11814,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11816,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,11818,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,11820,6537],{"class":4647},[4614,11822,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,11824,11826],{"class":4616,"line":11825},83,[4614,11827,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,11829,11831],{"class":4616,"line":11830},84,[4614,11832,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11834,11836,11838,11840],{"class":4616,"line":11835},85,[4614,11837,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,11839,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,11841,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,11843,11845],{"class":4616,"line":11844},86,[4614,11846,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,11848,11850,11852],{"class":4616,"line":11849},87,[4614,11851,10677],{"class":4695},[4614,11853,9773],{"class":4631},[4614,11855,11857],{"class":4616,"line":11856},88,[4614,11858,11859],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F ✅ Коректні дані\n",[4614,11861,11863,11866,11869,11871,11874,11876,11879,11881,11883],{"class":4616,"line":11862},89,[4614,11864,11865],{"class":4624},"        User",[4614,11867,11868],{"class":4682}," validUser",[4614,11870,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11872,11873],{"class":4962},"\"john_doe\"",[4614,11875,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11877,11878],{"class":4962},"\"john@example.com\"",[4614,11880,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11882,6542],{"class":4801},[4614,11884,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11886,11888,11890,11892,11895,11897,11900,11902,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913],{"class":4616,"line":11887},90,[4614,11889,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,11891,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,11893,11894],{"class":4962},"\"User created: \"",[4614,11896,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,11898,11899],{"class":4647},"validUser",[4614,11901,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11903,11904],{"class":4682},"getUsername",[4614,11906,4959],{"class":4631},[4614,11908,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,11910,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,11912,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,11914,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,11916,11918],{"class":4616,"line":11917},91,[4614,11919,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,11921,11923],{"class":4616,"line":11922},92,[4614,11924,11925],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F ❌ Множинні помилки — будуть показані всі одразу\n",[4614,11927,11929,11931,11934,11936,11939,11941,11944,11947,11949],{"class":4616,"line":11928},93,[4614,11930,11865],{"class":4624},[4614,11932,11933],{"class":4682}," invalidUser",[4614,11935,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,11937,11938],{"class":4962},"\"ab\"",[4614,11940,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,11942,11943],{"class":4962},"\"invalid-email\"",[4614,11945,11946],{"class":4631},", -",[4614,11948,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,11950,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,11952,11954],{"class":4616,"line":11953},94,[4614,11955,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971],{"class":4616,"line":11958},95,[4614,11960,10779],{"class":4695},[4614,11962,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,11964,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,11966,10529],{"class":4647},[4614,11968,10788],{"class":4631},[4614,11970,10791],{"class":4647},[4614,11972,4805],{"class":4631},[4614,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986],{"class":4616,"line":11975},96,[4614,11977,10798],{"class":4647},[4614,11979,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,11981,10791],{"class":4647},[4614,11983,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,11985,10812],{"class":4682},[4614,11987,11988],{"class":4631},"();\n",[4614,11990,11992],{"class":4616,"line":11991},97,[4614,11993,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,11995,11997],{"class":4616,"line":11996},98,[4614,11998,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12000,12002,12004,12006],{"class":4616,"line":12001},99,[4614,12003,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,12005,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,12007,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12009,12011],{"class":4616,"line":12010},100,[4614,12012,5075],{"class":4631},[5529,12014,12016,12026,12030,12037,12041,12045],{"title":12015},"g++ User.cpp -o user && .\u002Fuser",[5533,12017,12019,5541,12022],{"className":12018},[4616],[4614,12020,5540],{"className":12021},[5539],[4593,12023,12025],{"className":12024},[5545],".\u002Fuser",[5533,12027,12029],{"className":12028},[4616],"User created: john_doe",[5533,12031,12033],{"className":12032},[4616],[4614,12034,12036],{"className":12035},[10866,5545],"Validation failed:",[5533,12038,12040],{"className":12039},[4616],"  - age: Age cannot be negative",[5533,12042,12044],{"className":12043},[4616],"  - email: Email must contain @ symbol",[5533,12046,12048],{"className":12047},[4616],"  - username: Username must be at least 3 characters",[5132,12050,12051,12085],{},[5135,12052,12053],{"icon":10304,"title":10305},[5140,12054,12055,12061,12067,12073,12079],{},[5143,12056,12057,12060],{},[4593,12058,12059],{},"Комплексна валідація"," — всі помилки збираються разом, а не тільки перша",[5143,12062,12063,12066],{},[4593,12064,12065],{},"Краща UX"," — користувач одразу бачить весь список проблем",[5143,12068,12069,12072],{},[4593,12070,12071],{},"Структурованість"," — помилки організовані за полями (ключ = назва поля)",[5143,12074,12075,12078],{},[4593,12076,12077],{},"Легко розширювати"," — просто додати нові методи валідації для нових полів",[5143,12080,12081,12084],{},[4593,12082,12083],{},"Повторне використання"," — методи валідації можна викликати і в сеттерах",[5135,12086,12089],{"icon":12087,"title":12088},"i-lucide-settings","⚙️ Особливості реалізації",[5140,12090,12091,12109,12116,12121],{},[5143,12092,12093,12094,5728,12097,12100,12101,12104,12105,12108],{},"Кожен метод валідації (",[4588,12095,12096],{},"validateUsername",[4588,12098,12099],{},"validateEmail",") повертає ",[4588,12102,12103],{},"bool"," і додає помилку до ",[4588,12106,12107],{},"map",", якщо перевірка не пройшла",[5143,12110,12111,12112,12115],{},"Усі валідації виконуються ",[4593,12113,12114],{},"до"," перевірки наявності помилок — не зупиняємось на першій",[5143,12117,12118,12120],{},[4588,12119,10943],{}," автоматично сортує ключі за алфавітом — помилки виводяться упорядковано",[5143,12122,12123,12124,12127],{},"Після виявлення помилок конструктор викидає ",[4588,12125,12126],{},"invalid_argument"," — об'єкт не створюється",[5572,12129,12130,12135,12138,12257],{},[4584,12131,12132],{},[4593,12133,12134],{},"Використання цього підходу в сеттерах:",[4584,12136,12137],{},"Ті самі методи валідації можна викликати в сеттерах, забезпечуючи консистентність правил:",[4605,12139,12141],{"className":4607,"code":12140,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"void setUsername(const string& name)\n{\n    validationErrors.clear();  \u002F\u002F Очищаємо попередні помилки\n    if (validateUsername(name)) {\n        username = name;\n    } else {\n        \u002F\u002F Опціонально: вивести помилку або кинути виняток\n        cerr \u003C\u003C \"Invalid username: \" \u003C\u003C validationErrors[\"username\"] \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n}\n",[4588,12142,12143,12162,12166,12181,12197,12207,12216,12221,12249,12253],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,12144,12145,12147,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,12146,5164],{"class":4620},[4614,12148,12149],{"class":4682}," setUsername",[4614,12151,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12153,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,12155,11072],{"class":4624},[4614,12157,11075],{"class":4620},[4614,12159,11078],{"class":4647},[4614,12161,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,12163,12164],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,12165,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,12167,12168,12171,12173,12176,12178],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,12169,12170],{"class":4647},"    validationErrors",[4614,12172,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,12174,12175],{"class":4682},"clear",[4614,12177,8492],{"class":4631},[4614,12179,12180],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Очищаємо попередні помилки\n",[4614,12182,12183,12186,12188,12190,12192,12194],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,12184,12185],{"class":4695},"    if",[4614,12187,4792],{"class":4631},[4614,12189,12096],{"class":4682},[4614,12191,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12193,11093],{"class":4647},[4614,12195,12196],{"class":4631},")) {\n",[4614,12198,12199,12201,12203,12205],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,12200,11722],{"class":4647},[4614,12202,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12204,11093],{"class":4647},[4614,12206,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12208,12209,12212,12214],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,12210,12211],{"class":4631},"    } ",[4614,12213,9770],{"class":4695},[4614,12215,9773],{"class":4631},[4614,12217,12218],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,12219,12220],{"class":4937},"        \u002F\u002F Опціонально: вивести помилку або кинути виняток\n",[4614,12222,12223,12225,12227,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12241,12243,12245,12247],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,12224,10798],{"class":4647},[4614,12226,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,12228,12229],{"class":4962},"\"Invalid username: \"",[4614,12231,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,12233,11046],{"class":4647},[4614,12235,11109],{"class":4631},[4614,12237,11112],{"class":4962},[4614,12239,12240],{"class":4631},"] \u003C\u003C ",[4614,12242,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,12244,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,12246,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,12248,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12250,12251],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,12252,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,12254,12255],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,12256,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,12258,12259,12260,12263],{},"Це гарантує, що об'єкт ",[4593,12261,12262],{},"ніколи не переходить у некоректний стан"," — ані при створенні, ані при зміні через сеттери.",[7240,12265,12267],{"id":12266},"підхід-3-assertion-для-критичних-помилок","Підхід 3: Assertion для критичних помилок",[4584,12269,12270,12271,12274,12275,5212],{},"Якщо некоректні параметри — це ",[4593,12272,12273],{},"помилка програміста",", а не користувача, можна використовувати ",[4588,12276,12277],{},"assert",[4605,12279,12281],{"className":4607,"code":12280,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ccassert>\n\nclass Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        assert(den != 0 && \"Denominator cannot be zero\");\n        \n        numerator = num;\n        denominator = den;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F ...\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Fraction half(1, 2);     \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює\n    Fraction invalid(5, 0);  \u002F\u002F ❌ Програма аварійно завершиться з повідомленням\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,12282,12283,12290,12294,12300,12304,12308,12316,12324,12328,12332,12358,12362,12382,12386,12396,12406,12410,12414,12419,12423,12427,12435,12439,12458,12477,12481,12489],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,12284,12285,12287],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,12286,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,12288,12289],{"class":4962}," \u003Ccassert>\n",[4614,12291,12292],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,12293,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12295,12296,12298],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,12297,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,12299,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,12301,12302],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,12303,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,12305,12306],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,12307,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,12309,12310,12312,12314],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,12311,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12313,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,12315,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12317,12318,12320,12322],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,12319,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12321,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,12323,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12325,12326],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,12327,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12329,12330],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,12331,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,12333,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,12335,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,12337,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12339,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12341,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,12343,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12345,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,12347,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,12349,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12351,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,12353,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12355,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,12357,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,12359,12360],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,12361,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,12363,12364,12367,12369,12371,12373,12375,12378,12380],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,12365,12366],{"class":4682},"        assert",[4614,12368,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12370,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,12372,4798],{"class":4631},[4614,12374,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,12376,12377],{"class":4631}," && ",[4614,12379,10534],{"class":4962},[4614,12381,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,12383,12384],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,12385,9845],{"class":4631},[4614,12387,12388,12390,12392,12394],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,12389,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,12391,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12393,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,12395,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12397,12398,12400,12402,12404],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,12399,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,12401,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12403,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,12405,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12407,12408],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,12409,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,12411,12412],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,12413,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12415,12416],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,12417,12418],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F ...\n",[4614,12420,12421],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,12422,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,12424,12425],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,12426,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12428,12429,12431,12433],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,12430,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12432,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,12434,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,12436,12437],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,12438,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,12440,12441,12443,12445,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,12442,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,12444,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,12446,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12448,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,12450,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,12452,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,12454,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,12456,12457],{"class":4937},"     \u002F\u002F ✅ Працює\n",[4614,12459,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,12461,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,12463,10731],{"class":4682},[4614,12465,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12467,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,12469,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,12471,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,12473,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,12475,12476],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F ❌ Програма аварійно завершиться з повідомленням\n",[4614,12478,12479],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,12480,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,12482,12483,12485,12487],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,12484,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,12486,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,12488,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12490,12491],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,12492,5075],{"class":4631},[12494,12495,12496,12503,12519,12526,12537,12544],"caution",{},[4584,12497,12498],{},[4593,12499,12500,12501,5212],{},"Коли використовувати ",[4588,12502,12277],{},[4584,12504,12505,12507,12508,12511,12512,12514,12515,12518],{},[4588,12506,12277],{}," призначений для ",[4593,12509,12510],{},"виявлення помилок програміста"," під час розробки, а не для обробки помилок користувача. В release-збірках ",[4588,12513,12277],{}," відключається (макрос ",[4588,12516,12517],{},"NDEBUG","), тому програма продовжить працювати з некоректними даними.",[4584,12520,12521],{},[4593,12522,5957,12523,12525],{},[4588,12524,12277],{}," для:",[5140,12527,12528,12531,12534],{},[5143,12529,12530],{},"Перевірки інваріантів класу (умов, які завжди мають бути правдивими)",[5143,12532,12533],{},"Виявлення логічних помилок під час розробки",[5143,12535,12536],{},"Внутрішніх перевірок, які «ніколи не мають спрацювати»",[4584,12538,12539],{},[4593,12540,12541,12542,12525],{},"НЕ використовуйте ",[4588,12543,12277],{},[5140,12545,12546,12549,12552],{},[5143,12547,12548],{},"Валідації введення користувача",[5143,12550,12551],{},"Перевірки даних з файлів або мережі",[5143,12553,12554],{},"Будь-яких ситуацій, які можуть виникнути у виробничому середовищі",[7240,12556,12558],{"id":12557},"порівняння-підходів","Порівняння підходів",[12560,12561,12562,12582],"table",{},[12563,12564,12565],"thead",{},[12566,12567,12568,12573,12576,12579],"tr",{},[12569,12570,12572],"th",{"align":12571},"left","Підхід",[12569,12574,12575],{"align":12571},"Коли використовувати",[12569,12577,12578],{"align":12571},"Переваги",[12569,12580,12581],{"align":12571},"Недоліки",[12583,12584,12585,12602,12620,12638],"tbody",{},[12566,12586,12587,12593,12596,12599],{},[12588,12589,12590],"td",{"align":12571},[4593,12591,12592],{},"Виправлення на безпечне значення",[12588,12594,12595],{"align":12571},"Некритичні помилки, є розумне значення за замовчуванням",[12588,12597,12598],{"align":12571},"Просто, завжди маємо валідний об'єкт",[12588,12600,12601],{"align":12571},"Може приховати помилки, неочевідно для користувача",[12566,12603,12604,12611,12614,12617],{},[12588,12605,12606],{"align":12571},[4593,12607,12608,12609,6490],{},"Накопичення помилок (",[4588,12610,12107],{},[12588,12612,12613],{"align":12571},"Складні об'єкти з багатьма полями, форми введення",[12588,12615,12616],{"align":12571},"Показує всі помилки одразу, структуровано",[12588,12618,12619],{"align":12571},"Більше коду, потрібна колекція для зберігання помилок",[12566,12621,12622,12629,12632,12635],{},[12588,12623,12624,4792,12627,6490],{"align":12571},[4593,12625,12626],{},"Винятки",[4588,12628,10909],{},[12588,12630,12631],{"align":12571},"Критичні помилки, які клієнт має обробити",[12588,12633,12634],{"align":12571},"Чіткий контроль потоку, об'єкт не створюється",[12588,12636,12637],{"align":12571},"Overhead продуктивності, потрібна підтримка винятків",[12566,12639,12640,12647,12650,12653],{},[12588,12641,12642,4792,12645,6490],{"align":12571},[4593,12643,12644],{},"Assertion",[4588,12646,12277],{},[12588,12648,12649],{"align":12571},"Внутрішні інваріанти, помилки програміста",[12588,12651,12652],{"align":12571},"Виявлення багів під час розробки",[12588,12654,12655],{"align":12571},"Відключається в release, не для валідації даних",[5953,12657,12658,12663,12698],{},[4584,12659,12660],{},[4593,12661,12662],{},"Рекомендація для курсу:",[5140,12664,12665,12671,12680,12689],{},[5143,12666,12667,12670],{},[4593,12668,12669],{},"Для простих класів"," (1-2 поля) — використовуйте виправлення на безпечне значення через сеттери",[5143,12672,12673,12676,12677,12679],{},[4593,12674,12675],{},"Для складних класів"," (багато полів, як форми реєстрації) — накопичуйте помилки в ",[4588,12678,12107],{}," і викидайте виняток із повним списком",[5143,12681,12682,12685,12686,12688],{},[4593,12683,12684],{},"Для критичних інваріантів"," (знаменник ≠ 0) — використовуйте ",[4588,12687,10909],{}," для негайної зупинки",[5143,12690,12691,12694,12695,12697],{},[4593,12692,12693],{},"Для внутрішньої логіки"," — використовуйте ",[4588,12696,12277],{}," для виявлення помилок програміста",[4584,12699,12700,12701,12703],{},"Винятки (",[4588,12702,10909],{},") та складні патерни валідації детально розглядатимуться у майбутніх статтях.",[4579,12705,12707],{"id":12706},"візуалізація-стану-обєкта-після-конструктора","Візуалізація стану об'єкта після конструктора",[4584,12709,12710,12711,12713],{},"Розглянемо, як виглядає об'єкт ",[4588,12712,5151],{}," у пам'яті одразу після виклику конструктора. Це допоможе краще зрозуміти, що саме робить конструктор.",[4605,12715,12717],{"className":4607,"code":12716,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"class Fraction\n{\nprivate:\n    int numerator;\n    int denominator;\n\npublic:\n    Fraction(int num = 0, int den = 1)\n    {\n        numerator = num;\n        denominator = (den != 0) ? den : 1;\n    }\n\n    int getNumerator() const { return numerator; }\n    int getDenominator() const { return denominator; }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Fraction half(1, 2);      \u002F\u002F Конструктор ініціалізує поля\n    Fraction zero;             \u002F\u002F Конструктор використовує значення за замовчуванням\n    Fraction five(5);          \u002F\u002F Конструктор використовує частково значення за замовчуванням\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,12718,12719,12725,12729,12733,12741,12749,12753,12757,12783,12787,12797,12819,12823,12827,12845,12863,12867,12871,12879,12883,12902,12913,12928,12932,12940],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,12720,12721,12723],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,12722,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,12724,4625],{"class":4624},[4614,12726,12727],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,12728,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,12730,12731],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,12732,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,12734,12735,12737,12739],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,12736,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12738,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,12740,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12742,12743,12745,12747],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,12744,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12746,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,12748,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12750,12751],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,12752,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12754,12755],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,12756,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,12758,12759,12761,12763,12765,12767,12769,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,12760,4921],{"class":4682},[4614,12762,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12764,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12766,5725],{"class":4647},[4614,12768,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12770,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,12772,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,12774,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12776,5733],{"class":4647},[4614,12778,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12780,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,12782,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,12784,12785],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,12786,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,12788,12789,12791,12793,12795],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,12790,5305],{"class":4647},[4614,12792,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,12794,5751],{"class":4647},[4614,12796,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12798,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,12800,5316],{"class":4647},[4614,12802,5761],{"class":4631},[4614,12804,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,12806,4798],{"class":4631},[4614,12808,4802],{"class":4801},[4614,12810,5771],{"class":4631},[4614,12812,5764],{"class":4647},[4614,12814,5776],{"class":4631},[4614,12816,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,12818,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12820,12821],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,12822,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,12824,12825],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,12826,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12828,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,12830,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12832,4683],{"class":4682},[4614,12834,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,12836,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,12838,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,12840,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,12842,4648],{"class":4647},[4614,12844,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,12846,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,12848,4644],{"class":4620},[4614,12850,4709],{"class":4682},[4614,12852,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,12854,4689],{"class":4620},[4614,12856,4692],{"class":4631},[4614,12858,4696],{"class":4695},[4614,12860,4659],{"class":4647},[4614,12862,4701],{"class":4631},[4614,12864,12865],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,12866,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,12868,12869],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,12870,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,12872,12873,12875,12877],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,12874,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,12876,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,12878,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,12880,12881],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,12882,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,12884,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,12886,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,12888,4924],{"class":4682},[4614,12890,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12892,5002],{"class":4801},[4614,12894,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,12896,5020],{"class":4801},[4614,12898,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,12900,12901],{"class":4937},"      \u002F\u002F Конструктор ініціалізує поля\n",[4614,12903,12904,12906,12908,12910],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,12905,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,12907,5437],{"class":4647},[4614,12909,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,12911,12912],{"class":4937},"             \u002F\u002F Конструктор використовує значення за замовчуванням\n",[4614,12914,12915,12917,12919,12921,12923,12925],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,12916,4921],{"class":4624},[4614,12918,6313],{"class":4682},[4614,12920,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,12922,6318],{"class":4801},[4614,12924,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,12926,12927],{"class":4937},"          \u002F\u002F Конструктор використовує частково значення за замовчуванням\n",[4614,12929,12930],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,12931,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,12933,12934,12936,12938],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,12935,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,12937,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,12939,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,12941,12942],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,12943,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,12945,12946],{},"Стан об'єктів після виклику конструкторів:",[12948,12949],"debugger-view",{":variables":12950,"title":12951},"[{\"name\": \"half.numerator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"1\"}, {\"name\": \"half.denominator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"2\"}, {\"name\": \"zero.numerator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"0\"}, {\"name\": \"zero.denominator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"1\"}, {\"name\": \"five.numerator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"5\"}, {\"name\": \"five.denominator\", \"type\": \"int\", \"value\": \"1\"}]","Local Variables — after constructors",[4584,12953,12954,12955,12958,12959,5085,12961,12963],{},"Кожен об'єкт має ",[4593,12956,12957],{},"власні копії"," полів ",[4588,12960,4751],{},[4588,12962,4881],{},". Конструктор заповнює ці поля конкретними значеннями під час створення об'єкта — саме тому всі три об'єкти мають різні дані, хоча належать до одного класу.",[5572,12965,12966,12971],{},[4584,12967,12968],{},[4593,12969,12970],{},"Конструктор = гарантія коректного стану",[4584,12972,12973,12974,12977,12978,12981],{},"Без конструктора поля містили б випадкові значення з пам'яті (сміття). Конструктор гарантує, що кожен об'єкт ",[4593,12975,12976],{},"одразу після створення"," знаходиться у ",[4593,12979,12980],{},"валідному стані"," — готовий до використання без додаткових маніпуляцій.",[4579,12983,12985],{"id":12984},"практичне-завдання-клас-ball","Практичне завдання: клас Ball",[4584,12987,12988,12989,12992],{},"Закріпимо знання на практиці. Створіть клас ",[4588,12990,12991],{},"Ball"," (куля), який моделює спортивний м'яч із заданим кольором і радіусом.",[12994,12995,12996,13261,13754,13793],"accordion",{},[12997,12998,13001,13007,13012,13031,13036,13072,13077,13088,13098,13103,13248,13253],"accordion-item",{"icon":12999,"label":13000},"i-lucide-clipboard-list","📋 Завдання №1 — Клас Ball з множинними конструкторами",[4584,13002,13003,13004,13006],{},"Реалізуйте клас ",[4588,13005,12991],{}," із наступними вимогами:",[4584,13008,13009],{},[4593,13010,13011],{},"Поля класу (приватні):",[5140,13013,13014,13023],{},[5143,13015,13016,13019,13020,13022],{},[4588,13017,13018],{},"color"," (тип ",[4588,13021,8596],{},") — колір кулі",[5143,13024,13025,13019,13028,13030],{},[4588,13026,13027],{},"radius",[4588,13029,4870],{},") — радіус кулі",[4584,13032,13033],{},[4593,13034,13035],{},"Конструктори (публічні):",[7524,13037,13038,13047,13056,13064],{},[5143,13039,13040,13041,5085,13044],{},"Конструктор за замовчуванням — встановлює ",[4588,13042,13043],{},"color = \"Red\"",[4588,13045,13046],{},"radius = 20.0",[5143,13048,13049,13050,13052,13053],{},"Конструктор з одним параметром ",[4588,13051,13018],{}," — встановлює колір, радіус ",[4588,13054,13055],{},"20.0",[5143,13057,13049,13058,13060,13061],{},[4588,13059,13027],{}," — встановлює радіус, колір ",[4588,13062,13063],{},"\"Red\"",[5143,13065,13066,13067,5085,13069,13071],{},"Конструктор з двома параметрами ",[4588,13068,13018],{},[4588,13070,13027],{}," — встановлює обидва значення",[4584,13073,13074],{},[4593,13075,13076],{},"Методи (публічні):",[5140,13078,13079],{},[5143,13080,13081,13084,13085],{},[4588,13082,13083],{},"print()"," — виводить колір і радіус у форматі ",[4588,13086,13087],{},"color: \u003Ccolor>, radius: \u003Cradius>",[4584,13089,13090,13093,13094,13097],{},[4593,13091,13092],{},"Важливо:"," На цьому етапі ",[4593,13095,13096],{},"не використовуйте параметри за замовчуванням"," — створіть чотири окремі конструктори.",[4584,13099,13100],{},[4593,13101,13102],{},"Тестовий код:",[4605,13104,13106],{"className":4607,"code":13105,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"int main()\n{\n    Ball def;\n    def.print();\n    \n    Ball black(\"Black\");\n    black.print();\n    \n    Ball thirty(30.0);\n    thirty.print();\n    \n    Ball blackThirty(\"Black\", 30.0);\n    blackThirty.print();\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,13107,13108,13116,13120,13130,13142,13146,13160,13171,13175,13189,13200,13204,13221,13232,13236,13244],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,13109,13110,13112,13114],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,13111,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,13113,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,13115,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,13117,13118],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,13119,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,13121,13122,13125,13128],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,13123,13124],{"class":4624},"    Ball",[4614,13126,13127],{"class":4647}," def",[4614,13129,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13131,13132,13135,13137,13140],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,13133,13134],{"class":4647},"    def",[4614,13136,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13138,13139],{"class":4682},"print",[4614,13141,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13143,13144],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,13145,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13147,13148,13150,13153,13155,13158],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,13149,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13151,13152],{"class":4682}," black",[4614,13154,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13156,13157],{"class":4962},"\"Black\"",[4614,13159,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13161,13162,13165,13167,13169],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,13163,13164],{"class":4647},"    black",[4614,13166,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13168,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13170,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13172,13173],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,13174,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13176,13177,13179,13182,13184,13187],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,13178,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13180,13181],{"class":4682}," thirty",[4614,13183,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13185,13186],{"class":4801},"30.0",[4614,13188,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13190,13191,13194,13196,13198],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,13192,13193],{"class":4647},"    thirty",[4614,13195,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13197,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13199,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13201,13202],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,13203,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13205,13206,13208,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,13207,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13209,13210],{"class":4682}," blackThirty",[4614,13212,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13214,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,13216,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,13218,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,13220,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13222,13223,13226,13228,13230],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,13224,13225],{"class":4647},"    blackThirty",[4614,13227,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13229,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13231,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13233,13234],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,13235,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13237,13238,13240,13242],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,13239,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,13241,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,13243,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13245,13246],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,13247,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,13249,13250],{},[4593,13251,13252],{},"Очікуваний вивід:",[4605,13254,13259],{"className":13255,"code":13257,"language":13258},[13256],"language-text","color: Red, radius: 20\ncolor: Black, radius: 20\ncolor: Red, radius: 30\ncolor: Black, radius: 30\n","text",[4588,13260,13257],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[12997,13262,13264,13729,13734],{"icon":10304,"label":13263},"✅ Рішення завдання №1",[4605,13265,13267],{"className":4607,"code":13266,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Ball\n{\nprivate:\n    string color;\n    double radius;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор за замовчуванням\n    Ball()\n    {\n        color = \"Red\";\n        radius = 20.0;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з параметром color\n    Ball(string c)\n    {\n        color = c;\n        radius = 20.0;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з параметром radius\n    Ball(double r)\n    {\n        color = \"Red\";\n        radius = r;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з обома параметрами\n    Ball(string c, double r)\n    {\n        color = c;\n        radius = r;\n    }\n\n    void print() const\n    {\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"color: \" \u003C\u003C color \u003C\u003C \", radius: \" \u003C\u003C radius \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Ball def;\n    def.print();\n    \n    Ball black(\"Black\");\n    black.print();\n    \n    Ball thirty(30.0);\n    thirty.print();\n    \n    Ball blackThirty(\"Black\", 30.0);\n    blackThirty.print();\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,13268,13269,13275,13281,13285,13295,13299,13306,13310,13314,13323,13332,13336,13340,13344,13350,13354,13365,13376,13380,13384,13389,13402,13406,13417,13427,13431,13435,13440,13453,13457,13467,13478,13482,13486,13491,13509,13513,13523,13533,13537,13541,13553,13557,13589,13593,13597,13601,13609,13613,13621,13631,13635,13647,13657,13661,13673,13683,13687,13703,13713,13717,13725],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,13270,13271,13273],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,13272,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,13274,5226],{"class":4962},[4614,13276,13277,13279],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,13278,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,13280,10969],{"class":4962},[4614,13282,13283],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,13284,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13286,13287,13289,13291,13293],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,13288,5235],{"class":4695},[4614,13290,5238],{"class":4620},[4614,13292,5241],{"class":4624},[4614,13294,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13296,13297],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,13298,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13300,13301,13303],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,13302,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,13304,13305],{"class":4624}," Ball\n",[4614,13307,13308],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,13309,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,13311,13312],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,13313,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,13315,13316,13318,13321],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,13317,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,13319,13320],{"class":4647}," color",[4614,13322,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13324,13325,13327,13330],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,13326,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,13328,13329],{"class":4647}," radius",[4614,13331,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13333,13334],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,13335,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13337,13338],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,13339,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,13341,13342],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,13343,5290],{"class":4937},[4614,13345,13346,13348],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,13347,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13349,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,13351,13352],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,13353,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13355,13356,13359,13361,13363],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,13357,13358],{"class":4647},"        color",[4614,13360,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13362,13063],{"class":4962},[4614,13364,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13366,13367,13370,13372,13374],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,13368,13369],{"class":4647},"        radius",[4614,13371,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13373,13055],{"class":4801},[4614,13375,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13377,13378],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,13379,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13381,13382],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,13383,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13385,13386],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,13387,13388],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з параметром color\n",[4614,13390,13391,13393,13395,13397,13400],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,13392,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13394,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13396,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,13398,13399],{"class":4647}," c",[4614,13401,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,13403,13404],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,13405,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13407,13408,13410,13412,13415],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,13409,13358],{"class":4647},[4614,13411,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13413,13414],{"class":4647},"c",[4614,13416,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13418,13419,13421,13423,13425],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,13420,13369],{"class":4647},[4614,13422,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13424,13055],{"class":4801},[4614,13426,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13428,13429],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,13430,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13432,13433],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,13434,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13436,13437],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,13438,13439],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з параметром radius\n",[4614,13441,13442,13444,13446,13448,13451],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,13443,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13445,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13447,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,13449,13450],{"class":4647}," r",[4614,13452,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,13454,13455],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,13456,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13458,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,13460,13358],{"class":4647},[4614,13462,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13464,13063],{"class":4962},[4614,13466,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13468,13469,13471,13473,13476],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,13470,13369],{"class":4647},[4614,13472,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13474,13475],{"class":4647},"r",[4614,13477,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13479,13480],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,13481,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13483,13484],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,13485,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13487,13488],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,13489,13490],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор з обома параметрами\n",[4614,13492,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,13494,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13496,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13498,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,13500,13399],{"class":4647},[4614,13502,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,13504,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,13506,13450],{"class":4647},[4614,13508,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,13510,13511],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,13512,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13514,13515,13517,13519,13521],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,13516,13358],{"class":4647},[4614,13518,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13520,13414],{"class":4647},[4614,13522,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13524,13525,13527,13529,13531],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,13526,13369],{"class":4647},[4614,13528,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13530,13475],{"class":4647},[4614,13532,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13534,13535],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,13536,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13538,13539],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,13540,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13542,13543,13545,13548,13550],{"class":4616,"line":8957},[4614,13544,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,13546,13547],{"class":4682}," print",[4614,13549,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,13551,13552],{"class":4620},"const\n",[4614,13554,13555],{"class":4616,"line":8987},[4614,13556,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13558,13559,13561,13563,13566,13568,13570,13572,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587],{"class":4616,"line":9017},[4614,13560,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,13562,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,13564,13565],{"class":4962},"\"color: \"",[4614,13567,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,13569,13018],{"class":4647},[4614,13571,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,13573,13574],{"class":4962},"\", radius: \"",[4614,13576,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,13578,13027],{"class":4647},[4614,13580,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,13582,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,13584,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,13586,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,13588,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13590,13591],{"class":4616,"line":9022},[4614,13592,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13594,13595],{"class":4616,"line":9031},[4614,13596,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,13598,13599],{"class":4616,"line":10833},[4614,13600,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13602,13603,13605,13607],{"class":4616,"line":10842},[4614,13604,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,13606,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,13608,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,13610,13611],{"class":4616,"line":11402},[4614,13612,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,13614,13615,13617,13619],{"class":4616,"line":11411},[4614,13616,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13618,13127],{"class":4647},[4614,13620,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13622,13623,13625,13627,13629],{"class":4616,"line":11416},[4614,13624,13134],{"class":4647},[4614,13626,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13628,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13630,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13632,13633],{"class":4616,"line":11433},[4614,13634,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13636,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645],{"class":4616,"line":11449},[4614,13638,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13640,13152],{"class":4682},[4614,13642,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13644,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,13646,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13648,13649,13651,13653,13655],{"class":4616,"line":11458},[4614,13650,13164],{"class":4647},[4614,13652,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13654,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13656,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13658,13659],{"class":4616,"line":11463},[4614,13660,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13662,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671],{"class":4616,"line":11472},[4614,13664,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13666,13181],{"class":4682},[4614,13668,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13670,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,13672,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13674,13675,13677,13679,13681],{"class":4616,"line":11477},[4614,13676,13193],{"class":4647},[4614,13678,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13680,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13682,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13684,13685],{"class":4616,"line":11482},[4614,13686,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13688,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701],{"class":4616,"line":11487},[4614,13690,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,13692,13210],{"class":4682},[4614,13694,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13696,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,13698,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,13700,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,13702,5005],{"class":4631},[4614,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711],{"class":4616,"line":11521},[4614,13706,13225],{"class":4647},[4614,13708,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,13710,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,13712,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,13714,13715],{"class":4616,"line":11526},[4614,13716,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,13718,13719,13721,13723],{"class":4616,"line":11532},[4614,13720,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,13722,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,13724,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13726,13727],{"class":4616,"line":11544},[4614,13728,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,13730,13731],{},[4593,13732,13733],{},"Аналіз рішення:",[5140,13735,13736,13739,13742,13751],{},[5143,13737,13738],{},"Чотири конструктори покривають всі можливі комбінації параметрів",[5143,13740,13741],{},"Кожен конструктор встановлює значення за замовчуванням для параметрів, що не передані",[5143,13743,13744,13745,13747,13748,13750],{},"Метод ",[4588,13746,13083],{}," оголошено як ",[4588,13749,4689],{},", бо він не модифікує стан об'єкта",[5143,13752,13753],{},"Використано перевантаження конструкторів — компілятор вибирає потрібний на основі типів аргументів",[12997,13755,13757,13774,13779],{"icon":12999,"label":13756},"📋 Завдання №2 — Оптимізація через параметри за замовчуванням",[4584,13758,6274,13759,13762,13763,13765,13766,13769,13770,13773],{},[4593,13760,13761],{},"рефакторіть"," клас ",[4588,13764,12991],{}," з попереднього завдання, використовуючи ",[4593,13767,13768],{},"параметри за замовчуванням",". Мета — зменшити кількість конструкторів до ",[4593,13771,13772],{},"мінімуму",", зберігаючи ту саму функціональність.",[4584,13775,13776],{},[4593,13777,13778],{},"Вимоги:",[5140,13780,13781,13787,13790],{},[5143,13782,13783,13784],{},"Тестовий код із завдання №1 має працювати ",[4593,13785,13786],{},"без змін",[5143,13788,13789],{},"Код має компілюватися та давати той самий результат",[5143,13791,13792],{},"Використайте якомога менше конструкторів",[12997,13794,13796,13801,14182,14187,14204,14225,14235,14240,14243,14309,14312,14381],{"icon":10304,"label":13795},"✅ Рішення завдання №2",[4584,13797,13798],{},[4593,13799,13800],{},"Оптимізоване рішення з двома конструкторами:",[4605,13802,13804],{"className":4607,"code":13803,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"#include \u003Ciostream>\n#include \u003Cstring>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass Ball\n{\nprivate:\n    string color;\n    double radius;\n\npublic:\n    \u002F\u002F Конструктор для випадку Ball(double) — коли передано тільки радіус\n    Ball(double r)\n    {\n        color = \"Red\";\n        radius = r;\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Універсальний конструктор для всіх інших випадків\n    Ball(string c = \"Red\", double r = 20.0)\n    {\n        color = c;\n        radius = r;\n    }\n\n    void print() const\n    {\n        cout \u003C\u003C \"color: \" \u003C\u003C color \u003C\u003C \", radius: \" \u003C\u003C radius \u003C\u003C \"\\n\";\n    }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Ball def;                      \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Red\", 20.0)\n    def.print();\n    \n    Ball black(\"Black\");           \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Black\", 20.0)\n    black.print();\n    \n    Ball thirty(30.0);             \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(double) → (30.0)\n    thirty.print();\n    \n    Ball blackThirty(\"Black\", 30.0);  \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Black\", 30.0)\n    blackThirty.print();\n    \n    return 0;\n}\n",[4588,13805,13806,13812,13818,13822,13832,13836,13842,13846,13850,13858,13866,13870,13874,13879,13891,13895,13905,13915,13919,13923,13928,13954,13958,13968,13978,13982,13986,13996,14000,14030,14034,14038,14042,14050,14054,14065,14075,14079,14094,14104,14108,14123,14133,14137,14156,14166,14170,14178],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,13807,13808,13810],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,13809,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,13811,5226],{"class":4962},[4614,13813,13814,13816],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,13815,5223],{"class":4695},[4614,13817,10969],{"class":4962},[4614,13819,13820],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,13821,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13823,13824,13826,13828,13830],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,13825,5235],{"class":4695},[4614,13827,5238],{"class":4620},[4614,13829,5241],{"class":4624},[4614,13831,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13833,13834],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,13835,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13837,13838,13840],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,13839,4621],{"class":4620},[4614,13841,13305],{"class":4624},[4614,13843,13844],{"class":4616,"line":4671},[4614,13845,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,13847,13848],{"class":4616,"line":4677},[4614,13849,4638],{"class":4620},[4614,13851,13852,13854,13856],{"class":4616,"line":4704},[4614,13853,8817],{"class":4624},[4614,13855,13320],{"class":4647},[4614,13857,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13859,13860,13862,13864],{"class":4616,"line":4724},[4614,13861,4840],{"class":4620},[4614,13863,13329],{"class":4647},[4614,13865,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13867,13868],{"class":4616,"line":4730},[4614,13869,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13871,13872],{"class":4616,"line":4762},[4614,13873,4674],{"class":4620},[4614,13875,13876],{"class":4616,"line":4780},[4614,13877,13878],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Конструктор для випадку Ball(double) — коли передано тільки радіус\n",[4614,13880,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889],{"class":4616,"line":4786},[4614,13882,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13884,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13886,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,13888,13450],{"class":4647},[4614,13890,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,13892,13893],{"class":4616,"line":4808},[4614,13894,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13896,13897,13899,13901,13903],{"class":4616,"line":4820},[4614,13898,13358],{"class":4647},[4614,13900,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13902,13063],{"class":4962},[4614,13904,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13906,13907,13909,13911,13913],{"class":4616,"line":4826},[4614,13908,13369],{"class":4647},[4614,13910,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13912,13475],{"class":4647},[4614,13914,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13916,13917],{"class":4616,"line":4832},[4614,13918,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13920,13921],{"class":4616,"line":4837},[4614,13922,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13924,13925],{"class":4616,"line":4853},[4614,13926,13927],{"class":4937},"    \u002F\u002F Універсальний конструктор для всіх інших випадків\n",[4614,13929,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952],{"class":4616,"line":4858},[4614,13931,13124],{"class":4682},[4614,13933,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,13935,8596],{"class":4624},[4614,13937,13399],{"class":4647},[4614,13939,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13941,13063],{"class":4962},[4614,13943,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,13945,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,13947,13450],{"class":4647},[4614,13949,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13951,13055],{"class":4801},[4614,13953,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,13955,13956],{"class":4616,"line":4886},[4614,13957,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,13959,13960,13962,13964,13966],{"class":4616,"line":4891},[4614,13961,13358],{"class":4647},[4614,13963,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13965,13414],{"class":4647},[4614,13967,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13969,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":4616,"line":4897},[4614,13971,13369],{"class":4647},[4614,13973,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,13975,13475],{"class":4647},[4614,13977,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,13979,13980],{"class":4616,"line":4902},[4614,13981,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,13983,13984],{"class":4616,"line":4913},[4614,13985,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,13987,13988,13990,13992,13994],{"class":4616,"line":4918},[4614,13989,4733],{"class":4620},[4614,13991,13547],{"class":4682},[4614,13993,4686],{"class":4631},[4614,13995,13552],{"class":4620},[4614,13997,13998],{"class":4616,"line":4929},[4614,13999,4783],{"class":4631},[4614,14001,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020,14022,14024,14026,14028],{"class":4616,"line":4934},[4614,14003,8739],{"class":4647},[4614,14005,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,14007,13565],{"class":4962},[4614,14009,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,14011,13018],{"class":4647},[4614,14013,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,14015,13574],{"class":4962},[4614,14017,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,14019,13027],{"class":4647},[4614,14021,4947],{"class":4631},[4614,14023,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,14025,4967],{"class":4966},[4614,14027,4963],{"class":4962},[4614,14029,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,14031,14032],{"class":4616,"line":4941},[4614,14033,4829],{"class":4631},[4614,14035,14036],{"class":4616,"line":4978},[4614,14037,4894],{"class":4631},[4614,14039,14040],{"class":4616,"line":4983},[4614,14041,4668],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":4667},[4614,14043,14044,14046,14048],{"class":4616,"line":4989},[4614,14045,4742],{"class":4620},[4614,14047,4907],{"class":4682},[4614,14049,4910],{"class":4631},[4614,14051,14052],{"class":4616,"line":5008},[4614,14053,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,14055,14056,14058,14060,14062],{"class":4616,"line":5025},[4614,14057,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,14059,13127],{"class":4647},[4614,14061,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,14063,14064],{"class":4937},"                      \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Red\", 20.0)\n",[4614,14066,14067,14069,14071,14073],{"class":4616,"line":5030},[4614,14068,13134],{"class":4647},[4614,14070,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,14072,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,14074,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,14076,14077],{"class":4616,"line":5056},[4614,14078,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,14080,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091],{"class":4616,"line":5061},[4614,14082,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,14084,13152],{"class":4682},[4614,14086,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14088,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,14090,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14092,14093],{"class":4937},"           \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Black\", 20.0)\n",[4614,14095,14096,14098,14100,14102],{"class":4616,"line":5072},[4614,14097,13164],{"class":4647},[4614,14099,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,14101,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,14103,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,14105,14106],{"class":4616,"line":8952},[4614,14107,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,14109,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120],{"class":4616,"line":8957},[4614,14111,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,14113,13181],{"class":4682},[4614,14115,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14117,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,14119,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14121,14122],{"class":4937},"             \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(double) → (30.0)\n",[4614,14124,14125,14127,14129,14131],{"class":4616,"line":8987},[4614,14126,13193],{"class":4647},[4614,14128,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,14130,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,14132,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,14134,14135],{"class":4616,"line":9017},[4614,14136,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,14138,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153],{"class":4616,"line":9022},[4614,14140,13124],{"class":4624},[4614,14142,13210],{"class":4682},[4614,14144,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14146,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,14148,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,14150,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,14152,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14154,14155],{"class":4937},"  \u002F\u002F Викликається Ball(string, double) → (\"Black\", 30.0)\n",[4614,14157,14158,14160,14162,14164],{"class":4616,"line":9031},[4614,14159,13225],{"class":4647},[4614,14161,4953],{"class":4631},[4614,14163,13139],{"class":4682},[4614,14165,11988],{"class":4631},[4614,14167,14168],{"class":4616,"line":10833},[4614,14169,4727],{"class":4631},[4614,14171,14172,14174,14176],{"class":4616,"line":10842},[4614,14173,5064],{"class":4695},[4614,14175,5067],{"class":4801},[4614,14177,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,14179,14180],{"class":4616,"line":11402},[4614,14181,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,14183,14184],{},[4593,14185,14186],{},"Чому потрібні два конструктори, а не один?",[4584,14188,14189,14190,14193,14194,4792,14197,14200,14201,5212],{},"Спроба створити один конструктор ",[4588,14191,14192],{},"Ball(string c = \"Red\", double r = 20.0)"," призведе до ",[4593,14195,14196],{},"неоднозначності",[4600,14198,14199],{},"ambiguity",") при виклику ",[4588,14202,14203],{},"Ball thirty(30.0);",[5140,14205,14206,14219],{},[5143,14207,14208,14209,14212,14213,14215,14216,14218],{},"Компілятор може спробувати викликати ",[4588,14210,14211],{},"Ball(string, double)"," з неявною конвертацією ",[4588,14214,13186],{}," → ",[4588,14217,8596],{}," (що призведе до помилки)",[5143,14220,14221,14222,14224],{},"Або може розглядати ",[4588,14223,13186],{}," як другий параметр, а перший — за замовчуванням",[4584,14226,14227,14228,5541,14231,14234],{},"Тому окремий конструктор ",[4588,14229,14230],{},"Ball(double)",[4593,14232,14233],{},"явно обробляє"," випадок передачі тільки числа, уникаючи неоднозначності.",[4584,14236,14237],{},[4593,14238,14239],{},"Альтернативне рішення з одним конструктором (менш чітке):",[4584,14241,14242],{},"Якщо ви готові пожертвувати чіткістю заради мінімальності, можна використати тільки один конструктор, але з іншим порядком параметрів:",[4605,14244,14246],{"className":4607,"code":14245,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"\u002F\u002F Один конструктор: радіус першим, колір другим\nBall(double r = 20.0, string c = \"Red\")\n{\n    radius = r;\n    color = c;\n}\n",[4588,14247,14248,14253,14279,14283,14294,14305],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,14249,14250],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,14251,14252],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Один конструктор: радіус першим, колір другим\n",[4614,14254,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,14256,12991],{"class":4682},[4614,14258,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14260,4870],{"class":4620},[4614,14262,13450],{"class":4647},[4614,14264,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,14266,13055],{"class":4801},[4614,14268,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,14270,8596],{"class":4647},[4614,14272,13399],{"class":4647},[4614,14274,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,14276,13063],{"class":4962},[4614,14278,5736],{"class":4631},[4614,14280,14281],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,14282,4632],{"class":4631},[4614,14284,14285,14288,14290,14292],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,14286,14287],{"class":4647},"    radius",[4614,14289,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,14291,13475],{"class":4647},[4614,14293,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,14295,14296,14299,14301,14303],{"class":4616,"line":4654},[4614,14297,14298],{"class":4647},"    color",[4614,14300,4754],{"class":4631},[4614,14302,13414],{"class":4647},[4614,14304,4651],{"class":4631},[4614,14306,14307],{"class":4616,"line":4664},[4614,14308,5075],{"class":4631},[4584,14310,14311],{},"Тоді виклики виглядатимуть так:",[4605,14313,14315],{"className":4607,"code":14314,"language":4609,"meta":4610,"style":4610},"Ball def;                       \u002F\u002F Ball(20.0, \"Red\")\nBall black(20.0, \"Black\");      \u002F\u002F Ball(20.0, \"Black\") — потрібно явно вказати радіус!\nBall thirty(30.0);              \u002F\u002F Ball(30.0, \"Red\")\nBall blackThirty(30.0, \"Black\");\u002F\u002F Ball(30.0, \"Black\")\n",[4588,14316,14317,14328,14347,14362],{"__ignoreMap":4610},[4614,14318,14319,14321,14323,14325],{"class":4616,"line":4617},[4614,14320,12991],{"class":4647},[4614,14322,13127],{"class":4647},[4614,14324,4972],{"class":4631},[4614,14326,14327],{"class":4937},"                       \u002F\u002F Ball(20.0, \"Red\")\n",[4614,14329,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344],{"class":4616,"line":4628},[4614,14331,12991],{"class":4624},[4614,14333,13152],{"class":4682},[4614,14335,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14337,13055],{"class":4801},[4614,14339,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,14341,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,14343,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14345,14346],{"class":4937},"      \u002F\u002F Ball(20.0, \"Black\") — потрібно явно вказати радіус!\n",[4614,14348,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359],{"class":4616,"line":4635},[4614,14350,12991],{"class":4624},[4614,14352,13181],{"class":4682},[4614,14354,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14356,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,14358,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14360,14361],{"class":4937},"              \u002F\u002F Ball(30.0, \"Red\")\n",[4614,14363,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378],{"class":4616,"line":4641},[4614,14365,12991],{"class":4624},[4614,14367,13210],{"class":4682},[4614,14369,4739],{"class":4631},[4614,14371,13186],{"class":4801},[4614,14373,5728],{"class":4631},[4614,14375,13157],{"class":4962},[4614,14377,5927],{"class":4631},[4614,14379,14380],{"class":4937},"\u002F\u002F Ball(30.0, \"Black\")\n",[5077,14382,14383,14384,14387,14388,14391,14392,14395],{},"Проблема такого підходу: виклик ",[4588,14385,14386],{},"Ball black(\"Black\");"," більше ",[4593,14389,14390],{},"не працює"," — потрібно писати ",[4588,14393,14394],{},"Ball black(20.0, \"Black\");",", що менш зручно. Тому рішення з двома конструкторами є кращим балансом між мінімальністю коду та зручністю використання.",[4579,14397,14399],{"id":14398},"резюме-та-ключові-висновки","Резюме та ключові висновки",[4584,14401,14402,14403,14406],{},"Конструктори — це фундаментальний механізм, що забезпечує ",[4593,14404,14405],{},"автоматичну та гарантовану ініціалізацію"," об'єктів класу. Розглянемо ключові моменти цієї статті:",[5132,14408,14409,14434,14464,14503],{},[5135,14410,14413],{"icon":14411,"title":14412},"i-lucide-target","🎯 Призначення конструкторів",[5140,14414,14415,14420,14423,14431],{},[5143,14416,5175,14417,14419],{},[4593,14418,5178],{}," під час створення об'єкта",[5143,14421,14422],{},"Ім'я конструктора збігається з ім'ям класу",[5143,14424,5168,14425,14428,14429,6490],{},[4593,14426,14427],{},"не має типу повернення"," (навіть не ",[4588,14430,5164],{},[5143,14432,14433],{},"Призначення: ініціалізація полів і підготовка об'єкта до використання",[5135,14435,14438],{"icon":14436,"title":14437},"i-lucide-folder-tree","📂 Типи конструкторів",[5140,14439,14440,14445,14451,14457],{},[5143,14441,14442,14444],{},[4593,14443,5198],{}," — без параметрів або з усіма параметрами за замовчуванням",[5143,14446,14447,14450],{},[4593,14448,14449],{},"Параметризований конструктор"," — приймає один або більше параметрів",[5143,14452,14453,14456],{},[4593,14454,14455],{},"Неявний конструктор"," — автоматично створюється компілятором, якщо ви не визначили жодного конструктора",[5143,14458,14459,14460,14463],{},"Параметри за замовчуванням дозволяють ",[4593,14461,14462],{},"зменшити кількість"," конструкторів",[5135,14465,14468],{"icon":14466,"title":14467},"i-lucide-alert-circle","⚠️ Важливі правила",[5140,14469,14470,14476,14483,14497],{},[5143,14471,14472,14473,14475],{},"Неявний конструктор ",[4593,14474,7233],{},", як тільки ви визначите будь-який власний конструктор",[5143,14477,14478,14479,14482],{},"Завжди створюйте ",[4593,14480,14481],{},"хоча б один конструктор"," явно — це дає контроль і запобігає помилкам",[5143,14484,5957,14485,5541,14488,5968,14490,5541,14492,14494,14495],{},[4593,14486,14487],{},"пряму",[4588,14489,5967],{},[4593,14491,5971],{},[4588,14493,5975],{},"; уникайте копіюючої ",[4588,14496,6525],{},[5143,14498,14499,14500,14502],{},"Для полів-об'єктів конструктори викликаються ",[4593,14501,12114],{}," виконання тіла конструктора зовнішнього класу",[5135,14504,14507,14517],{"icon":14505,"title":14506},"i-lucide-arrow-right","🔜 Що далі",[4584,14508,14509,14510,4792,14513,14516],{},"У наступній статті ми розглянемо ",[4593,14511,14512],{},"списки ініціалізації членів",[4600,14514,14515],{},"member initializer lists",") — більш ефективний спосіб ініціалізації полів класу. Ви дізнаєтесь:",[5140,14518,14519,14522,14528],{},[5143,14520,14521],{},"Чому присвоєння у тілі конструктора — не завжди оптимально",[5143,14523,14524,14525,14527],{},"Як ініціалізувати ",[4588,14526,4689],{},"-поля та посилання",[5143,14529,14530],{},"Що таке делегуючі конструктори (C++11)",[5953,14532,14533,14538],{},[4584,14534,14535],{},[4593,14536,14537],{},"Найкраща практика для початківців:",[7524,14539,14540,14543,14546,14559,14562],{},[5143,14541,14542],{},"Створюйте хоча б один конструктор у кожному класі",[5143,14544,14545],{},"Використовуйте параметри за замовчуванням для зменшення кількості конструкторів",[5143,14547,14548,14549,14552,14553,14555,14556,6490],{},"Встановлюйте ",[4593,14550,14551],{},"безпечні значення за замовчуванням"," (наприклад, ",[4588,14554,5550],{}," для дробу, а не ",[4588,14557,14558],{},"0\u002F0",[5143,14560,14561],{},"Завжди валідуйте параметри (наприклад, перевіряйте знаменник на нуль)",[5143,14563,14564,14565,14567],{},"Віддавайте перевагу uniform initialization ",[4588,14566,5975],{}," у сучасному коді C++11+",[14569,14570,14571],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su1O8, html code.shiki .su1O8{--shiki-light:#0000FF;--shiki-default:#569CD6;--shiki-dark:#569CD6}html pre.shiki code .sN1BT, html code.shiki .sN1BT{--shiki-light:#267F99;--shiki-default:#4EC9B0;--shiki-dark:#4EC9B0}html pre.shiki code .sHH4Y, html code.shiki .sHH4Y{--shiki-light:#000000;--shiki-default:#D4D4D4;--shiki-dark:#D4D4D4}html pre.shiki code .siwwj, html code.shiki .siwwj{--shiki-light:#001080;--shiki-default:#9CDCFE;--shiki-dark:#9CDCFE}html pre.shiki code .s8Opu, html code.shiki .s8Opu{--shiki-light:#795E26;--shiki-default:#DCDCAA;--shiki-dark:#DCDCAA}html pre.shiki code .s8xlr, html code.shiki .s8xlr{--shiki-light:#AF00DB;--shiki-default:#C586C0;--shiki-dark:#C586C0}html pre.shiki code .sJj4R, html code.shiki .sJj4R{--shiki-light:#098658;--shiki-default:#B5CEA8;--shiki-dark:#B5CEA8}html pre.shiki code .spJ8K, html code.shiki .spJ8K{--shiki-light:#008000;--shiki-default:#6A9955;--shiki-dark:#6A9955}html pre.shiki code .sbdoH, html code.shiki .sbdoH{--shiki-light:#A31515;--shiki-default:#CE9178;--shiki-dark:#CE9178}html pre.shiki code .sjcCO, html code.shiki .sjcCO{--shiki-light:#EE0000;--shiki-default:#D7BA7D;--shiki-dark:#D7BA7D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":4610,"searchDepth":4628,"depth":4628,"links":14573},[14574,14575,14576,14577,14578,14579,14580,14583,14584,14590,14593,14599,14600,14601],{"id":4581,"depth":4628,"text":4582},{"id":5120,"depth":4628,"text":5121},{"id":5197,"depth":4628,"text":5198},{"id":5602,"depth":4628,"text":5603},{"id":6034,"depth":4628,"text":6035},{"id":6505,"depth":4628,"text":6506},{"id":6814,"depth":4628,"text":6815,"children":14581},[14582],{"id":7242,"depth":4635,"text":7243},{"id":8161,"depth":4628,"text":8162},{"id":8627,"depth":4628,"text":8628,"children":14585},[14586,14587,14588,14589],{"id":9085,"depth":4635,"text":9086},{"id":9102,"depth":4635,"text":9103},{"id":9121,"depth":4635,"text":9122},{"id":9159,"depth":4635,"text":9160},{"id":9599,"depth":4628,"text":9600,"children":14591},[14592],{"id":10008,"depth":4635,"text":10009},{"id":10362,"depth":4628,"text":10363,"children":14594},[14595,14596,14597,14598],{"id":10384,"depth":4635,"text":10385},{"id":10929,"depth":4635,"text":10930},{"id":12266,"depth":4635,"text":12267},{"id":12557,"depth":4635,"text":12558},{"id":12706,"depth":4628,"text":12707},{"id":12984,"depth":4628,"text":12985},{"id":14398,"depth":4628,"text":14399},"Як конструктори забезпечують коректний початковий стан класу. Конструктор за замовчуванням, параметризовані конструктори, зменшення кількості конструкторів через параметри за замовчуванням. Uniform initialization та неявний конструктор.","md",null,{},{"title":1921,"description":14602},"moTVot8NcFYbBD8N98AMVEALo3mabfjYE-TxfhiZHss",[14609,14611],{"title":1917,"path":1918,"stem":1919,"description":14610,"children":-1},"Поглиблене вивчення public, private і protected. Інкапсуляція як принцип ООП. Геттери і сеттери для контрольованого доступу. Переваги приховування даних. Struct vs class — єдина різниця.",{"title":1925,"path":1926,"stem":1927,"description":14612,"children":-1},"Member Initializer List — ефективний спосіб ініціалізації полів класу. Обовязкові випадки використання: const-поля, посилання, вкладені обєкти. Порядок ініціалізації та делегуючі конструктори C++11.",1789585625971]